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be o?lattbman nb ^outbron. SATURDAY, SEPTEstBfcR II. 1909. The Sumter Watchman was found ad In 1*50 and the True Southron in lift. The Watchman and Southron now ha.* the comblnedyjirculatlon and Influence of both of the old papers, and 1? manifestly the best advertising medium In Sumter. FAUMF-ltS AsKl l) TO HELP, rwwuH Itimtor W ants Thon to I ran Crop lieeord*. Washington. Sept. 5.?Karm econ om ? ( i. i.l i k I. armin am i guttat ii praJMema art In Washington a.-hi.s.iiu (Vm us I '.???? i ij- Durand in t .** f m mal item of tha agricultural acb< ?ule ??>! Oi' census Director Dv rand suggest- that the work of secur? ing accurate returns at the coming cennu i of agriculture, which will h. tak.ii A (nil la, 1910, at the same time as tha I-mint Of population, Will be greatly facilitated If the farmers *win heap or provld ? tome written re ?CorJ of their firm op ktOIU durinc th.' real HOS. He asks th?- c '-oper? ation of nil the farmers of th i ooun ?try *r thla work. The State commissioners and State board of agriculture, tho agricultural ?Ilatee? farmera' union*. Patrons of Hu ...Midrv. farmera1 institutes, an?1 tb.? ultura) experiment nation > will aid the census oMlclah. The questions about farm opera? tions r.iii relate to the preeeni oalen? dar year, 1909. but the Inquiries r? - gnrd-rnf f?rrn equipment will necessi? tate a sort of Inventory on April 15. mo. In ordri that the farmers may be Kin at once to keep a reovrd Director Durand eaya: * f: n b pemon in charge oi a farm wll! ae Saftted to state the acreage and value of the farm kept and cultivated by him. the area of woodland, and ot that utilised for specified fa m pur p.. . :' ? k? hii mei ? 111 be aak< i to gr* th. u'i?c iimttty produced and *vaJ :e of each crop, including main** iii fetables, fruits, cotton tobac? co, t*' raised on the farm In the fan on f 1909. He will be isked to fepirt the nun. , : ami valve of all do;.; a -Mim d . ? uUm ..p..! ???m> ?of heee en the farm on Api? 15; th?1 n unit et and value of young animals *u ' ... , . Ivyp. <? I < ???> ? ?'. ; :o ~?*1 \ :.?v , u< b as chickens, i ir .<&?%?- ? - H?- . 'a Ned in ! ?0 ? 11 will Ih ked to >i i\v th mom :?;?! am1 kind et ;>nlmal-> .^>:d during '. and the rcc ipte ' i.ich oaloa, t'e aumt ei i urch I and the amoun paid t? si? for, .? ? the i. iu. alauxbt'? ?'ii for food and the valut o: auch animate "The law requires a repo?-t of tin numtic: of cow kept Cor dairy pur poses in 190:?. and the amcunt o| milk produced on tho farm: tb' amount of butler and cheese sold an the am ml received from sueh sales. "The ccnsBU will seek to aSJCl rt.ui. the ..?:.?:.? - v an . 1 !.? >f egjjs, hom > and w*x produced In 1509. ?*of the expenditures ot the farm th< c ? u . I an.*1 will call for a atnte ?. ?<l of ti e amount paid foi farm labor foi eed for H\*e stock ant for fe r t. ?. -m "If l>i .'arm ? ..a-- a 1 is or t- n stats between ttu crop year 1909 and the tn at en um at) ?n it Is re* <iue*tr'< hjt the . copnnt of thefarm in 1910 m . ure the abov* Ira *ri.;atlon relating to the farm for the yeai 190'j. the owner or tenant this rem to l?uvc h*s bo > . record with his sue* castor. ' Inn. . > am . .] be Kepi Si\ u t. The Information they give to the census t-minicr <?'?? \ will not he usee" tn an> way to thelf detriment it win he kepi .rp\ an I us>.?d oi.ly for sta? tist!, el poae '?.Nj pahHeatl ?n shall he made by tb.- ? ? . otfi ? h " -i?> i he dal i turoi-hi 1 by my pnrtlcnlai establish* ment < ??? he id i tilled, nor shall the <iir*etoi o the inaus permit anyone othv. th m ih ? ?s ? ..iin employes "i me censes otflce t? saamlns tlu- Individ? ual n |i??I " Is the v iv th-- lan vaai'a. The Information reported on the axri ultural scheduh will not be used ? basis ? lax.ition .r l ornnu pica ed t.? ? iiy ?.n Helmuts lo anawet Qnestlens asked l.y eet i enumerators ere made 11* I,--.'., i . i ? pr.. i.l.- l for this us ^'. 'i is tor tlto xlvln-s of false snuvvvr.. [ i tfo lno,ulrlea, Fines and lmpiiioi.i ot. or both, In easts of vloiatiun oi tha aeereey Impeeed upon ?up. .i o . num**i u >i i siieclal ugeut :. an ? ?ber ei..ploy?'s of th" census ollle?' s provided In the act. Tin1 lino 'Hinte ..t |ht amaultitral ejemms hardMy can i?c overestimated, sin-e (he total Axed capital Invested in nsjrmnltural pnmults nn |9#i was nt'ir?/ than font Ilm? that if manu? facturi's ot the eonnti it, the total be* ln?c $2?>.:? i.i?oi.h::h i h <? usus h>i reuu ?stliiiMtes that n xt y??a -'h cenSIIS will show joo.ooo loo.<- fuili s In op ration than in i S#f v, Ith u total o| ?bout *.oho olio farm a la !.??# ther? were 10.433. IHM mule:* ami ft inah-h over 10 yearn of age i*nxage<l in axri cultunl pursuits. !Farmers* Union News 1 ?AND - Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmers (Comliii toil by K. \V. Dabbs, President Farmers' Union of Bum tor R County.) X The Watchman and Southron havini decided to double its service by tonn?*. skis publlcatioiii would Improve that service by special features. The ?rst to be Inaugurated Is tins Department for the Farmers' Union and Practical Farmers which I have been r< Quested to conduct, It will be my aim to give the Union news and official calls Ot the Union. To that end Officer! and member! Ot the Union are requested to use the?! columns. Alsd to publish such dippings from the agricultural papers and Govern ment Bulletins as i thing will be of praotlcal benefit to our readers. Ori : . ai artlclei by any of our readers telling oJ their successes or failures will be appreciated and published. Trusting this Department r?lll be of mutual ' eneflt to all concerned, THE EDITOR. All communication! for ti * Department ihould be sent to e. W, Dabbs, Ifijureuvlllei s- C, Winter Cover Crops. Careful estimates reveal the fact that soil erosion carries away more plant food Into the streams and rivers of 111? * Southern states every year than Is utilized In the growing of all of our crops. w hen we realise that the cotton crop with its by-products ll worth approximately $800,000,000, it will gtVO S'imo idea of the enor mou v drain on soil fertility which is on rtan< l>* going on. How to remedy In some measure this condition a matter of universal concern. The best mean! of achieving the desired end is to utilise winter co i r orops. of course, the cereals would he In? cluded under (hlI heading, 'Mit as they are more or less familiar to ail. it has been de? med best in this paper ? > eall specific attention to two props which may be utilised admirably foi over in the winter and made to en rloh the soli by gathering nitrogen "rom the air and furnishing much aeeded paturage during the winter, and yielding ;< line Quality of hay the t spring. Refer 'P ?? is madeeepa* elally to crimson clover and the a t-In s. These are two varieties of crimson (lOVeT?the crimson blooming and the white blooming. Toe white blooming i. inter in maturing and makes a larger ami more vigorous growth,and u probably more desirable for hay th tho crimson bloom Kg, Where crimson clover is grown l and turned under th. t sneflted about As much us irom a heavy application of farm* ard manure. Farmers do not realiz* his or they would utilize ertmson stover more extensively) especially in sjhose sections whore live siock grow? ing is Inadequately developed, and farmyard manure and compost can not be had, Crimson clover should rded at i he rate of 1 to 2<* pounds per acre it) early August Ol September, and it may often be sown in corn at th last working, though the best results will probably follon owir.K the crop after the earn has been cut and -hocked. Crimson clov-1 er may be seeded on any land that j h a ! . ? n v, . II .)! ? a ired. a id i'i SOd mould be covered Hghtly v. ith a hav rOw . As to fertilisers, but little nlfrogoii win i e n.led, not over ! to j p< ? e to tar* th ? crop, hut phosphates ?mi potash should h,> used liberally; ? t le <t too pounds of acid ph '??"! hr.t ami i'?o to 150 pounds ?>f muriate < potash, or 100 t<? .?aa pounds of kalnlt. ATherc tiie mineral elements are ap plled to this, <:op pi abundance goo* reeults will generally follow, ami it it is desired t<? out tht crop fpr hay. ? yield 6! from 1.5 to 9.8 ions may b< expected, a mined fertiliser used >n crimson olover should generaly con? tain about i pei cent of nltrogt a. t to h per cent of phosphoric acid and I t" 10 nor oenl <?(' potash. Tii.- retch is admirably adapted for growth in practically ail sections of tin- Boutti and may he seeded any time after August I, it is best sown on land that has been well prepared, it may not always be necesasry to break the land; that depends much on the crop which is to follow, it t an. of course, come after cow peas or any other legume grown during lh? summer, or 11 may he us d ?ii stub ble lam! or seeded in corn or cotton. This crop may often be sown to ad? vantage with oats or rye ami forma an admirable pasture during the sum* mer, ami enriches the soil materially w icn plowed unit!- in the early vprip.c; oi- makes a fine quality or hay, Tin* udvantage of sowing with ce? reals Is found in the tact that the vetch climbs readily on the stalks and can he cut with greater ease on that account. .\t least pounds of well I cleaned vetch seed should ).*? used per I acre with one bushel <?i < its. *Therc an> iwo uimis of vetch the j winter or hairy vetch, which is hardy ami satisfactory in most l ?calltles, it I Im slow growing, however, in tin- Call ami winter. Tin- gjngllsh >r Oregon Vetch, Which also may he BOWK In tin tall, develops much fasti, than tin* hairy VStoh and furnishes gTaslng in the fall und early winter, hut it is not nearly so hardy as tl e hairy vetch and will frequently be killed by treenail while the othei li not injur? ed. The vetch, like crimson clover, is a arose feeder SO far as the mineral element are concerned. Therefore, it should lie fertilized liberally and much the same as lor crimson ci r. A good mixture to use on vetch would be 400 pounds of raw bom meal containing 4 per cent of nitro? gen und i'". per cent of phosphoric acid; 500 pounds of acid phosphate containing 1?5 per cent of available phosphoric add, and 400 pounds <>f muriate of potash, to which should be added T;it) poundi of dry earth or rich compost to bring the total up t< 8,000 pounds. This mixture would contain ahout 1 per cent of nltrogj n 7 per cent ot- phosphoric add ami 10 per cent of potash, When used at the rate of S00 to C>00 pounds per sere, depending on the natural fertil? ity of the sollj it should be admirably adapted to the needs oif thla crop. There ii an opportunity through the growth of these winter cover rrops to prevent erosion, and soil wastage on thousands of acres of lao-. in the South, and at the same tinv enrich thent materially with nitrogen gathered from the air. provide fine pas'are during a part of the winter and early springt and furnish an abun? dance Of the choicest hay for f< ed ing, white leaving the land in much bettor condition for succeeding crops. LANDS NOT V.'l \HING Ot T. Grain Crop yield Shows a Constant Increase, Expert Reports. Washington, Sept. 5.?Soils of the United Statei ore hot wearing out and the crop yields are rather In orenslng than decreasing. These acts arc demonstrated In a bulletin hortly to be issued by the Bureau of "oils of the Agricultural Department prepared by Chief Milton Whitney. The bulletin deals exhaustively with the yields of crops iron: 1861 to 1006 InclutriA e, Professor Whitney concludes thai the productivity of the newer agri? cultural soiis of the United Statei und of the older aglCUltural soils oi Bur >pe, taken ? a . hole, are not Re? clining, but are producing more crops per acre than form rly. This is du< ?o> better cultivation, rotation of crops, use of fertilisers an< Increase In farm animg'.s and m >ek and Intenalvc farming. The bulletin snows an increase In all cereal crops throughout the Unl ted States for the past three or foui decades, The whoa! fields per acr< In Russia from 1883 fo 100B varied but in 1008 Ii was 8.4 bushels, In Ireland the yield In 1888 was 25.6 bush< is, ami in 1806 it reached I In Great Britain the wheat yield In iss4 way 30.9 busbcli an acre, and the Increase ur> to 1006 brought tht yield to 34.7 hushels. Oermany raised is.l( bushels to the acre In 1883, with a gradual increase in 1906, bringing the yield then to 30.3 bushels. The bulletin gives the following av? erages by States for the production of wheat per acre from IStiti to 1007: Maryland. 13.3 bushels; Virginia, 9.1; Vermont, 18.5; lfalne,16.6; New York, l.*).T; New Jersey, 14.5; Michi? gan, 14.3; Pennsylvania, 14.".; Ohio, 14.1; Kansas, 13.9; Wisconsin, 13.7; Minnesota, 13.6; Illinois, 13,2; Ne? braska, 18.1; Indiana. 13.1; Dela? ware, 13.1; California, 12.9; low a 12t4; Missouri, Ilm?; Texas, 11.5; We: t Virginia, 10.<?; Montana. 10.5; Arkansas. s.?; Tennessee, S.2; Mis? sissippi, B.t; Alabama, 7.1; .\'<>it' Carolina, 6.0; South Carolina, 8.6. Save from 81 to 61.50 on your boys' school soils by buying from The Sum? ter I Jlothlng I !o, '.?-4-3t. Daily New York Cotton .Market. New York, Sept. Open High Low Clos .Ian 12 65 IS 50 IS 29 IS 31 Meli 12 00 12 60 IS 80 IS 41 May li 00 12 06 12 43 12 17 Sept 12 27 Ool 12 45 19 45 12 26 IS 20 Dec 12 07 12 .77 12 33 IS 36 Ton-' Barely steady, CATS, RATS AM) SCIENTISTS. Delight of Velplng Animals on Back Fences. One of the experts of the depart? ment of agriculture shies a metaphor i?; 11 brick at the common house cat i y declaring that the virtues of that predatory animal as an annlhllator ol rats and mice are greatly exaggerated. The expert adds that millions of wild birds are destroyed annually by cats. Really, If the cat is to lose bis rep? utation as a ri I catcher be is likely to be left without any very good ex? cuse for bis existence. Feature arti? cles in the newspapers have told at Interval tor many years of numbers of can carried on the government pay l all. their duties being to rid Federal buildings of rats and mice, it is some? thing ol a revelation to b< Informei that Thomas and Maria have bei n loafing on the job and putting in their time slaughtering Wild bird: when they should have been search Ing dllige itly for ri ts. The "peopte mom y" most assuredly can be put to better use that in buying food and raiment for rascally cats that neglect their duties to ramble through high? ways, by ways and hedges in pursuit Of birds, wild or otherwise. Uncle 8am will be "to hastening Ills a prey" If through such shirking of duty rat: shall Increase in the Federal cellars and rear la 'ge families to feed <?n of? ficial paste, messages and documents and public property In general. The cat has been accused of a good many things. All of us who know him a Vi aware thai he has his faults. All birds look alike to him. and, except they be <.f the proportions of eagleoi condor, are regard* d by him as lawful prey. Ha will eal the family canary .viih as little remori e as he will pie*, tp an English sparrow ?>n the lawn. He has boor, known to gather in young chickens, geese and ducks. He Ii\M ? by the Robin Hood rile thai "in- shall take who has the power and he shall keep Whs can." He known little of gratitude or affection. Cen? turies of domestication have not elim? inated from his blood and being th< liei ce traits of Ids remote ancestry o deafened his ears to the persuasive "call d; the wild." lb- is given to thieving and trespass. He is blood? thirsty and creel and. finds pleasure in tin torture of his unfortunate prey. lie is addicted to nocturnal prowlIngs and is noisy and conten? tious with hi.; kind. All these and many other fellm foibles and vices undeniably are his. and ail of them hive keen condoned and ndured by suffering humanity i because of the house cat's recognises ability as a rat destroyer. Some there are who would tolerate him for his personal appearance, which, un? der favorable circumstances, is pleas? ing. The vast majority of humanity, however, would rise in rebellion against him and wipe him oft tin face of the earth, hut tor the savina gra?e of his eternal auiipalhy to After ah. the scientific men don't know everything, and It may be thai the ease of the house cat is not so bad as theorist of the agricultural depart? ment would have us%believe, it h seriously to be doubted if his useful* ness as a rat exterminator is waning. The department's expert may have it; inborn prejudices against tin* feline tribe, or he may bo a trifle blliOUS Ol i?rouchy" on general principles. What Is more likely still, be max have written his condemnatory brp chure en the morning after a nigm made sleepless by a leronade of torn I .'... on the I ack fence. cast on the lack fence.?Courler Journal. Services In Episcopal Church. Rev, \Y. H. Barnwell, of Stateburg, will conduct services at the usual hours, morning and evening, Sunday next in tlie Church or the Holy Com? forter. M*MI*MMyW*M*MBW*MW*W*M*WWI i mum ? w Ml Toil SALI-: Seed rye and oats, Will have seed wheat, barley etc., later BoOth-Harby Livestock Co., S-L' St. Onion C^i*) ? ? ? ? We have just received a shipment of Onion Sets. Now is the time to plant them for an early crop,. 10c Quart I Red and White lint's Bis! to W. W. SIBERT. I Telephone 2S> - 8 S. Main St COTTON RECEIPTS 1008-00. I Season's Cotton Receipts Were Thau in Any Previous Yeas> The cotton year 1908-09?Sept lei o Sept. let? eras the banner season or the Sumter market in point ol 'ecelpts. The public (???turn weighers t?inr!!od 43 000 ba!e? In the twelve nonihs, practlca'ly all of which was i wagon cotton. in addition to thlsj >cal buyers handled about 10.000] bales, orglnatlng :'t oth r points " ;t i shipped through Sumter, but notj weighed by the public weighrs. '"'hi. railroad cotton is as ninth a part of the market receipts as the wagon cot? ton and go to swell the total re< eipts. The public weighers handled more cot? ton last season by about ").(>??') bales than they ?'!d in the best year here? tofore, when they weighed a few less than oH 000 bales. Sumter ^ easily the leading Interior cotton market of the stau- |n point of receipts, no oth a- town In the state receiving any* hing like the tame quantity of wag m cotton. in New Quarters, * Von Ohsen & Shfrer have moved Into their new shop on Bast Hampton Avenue, hear Skinner's ir m Works, ind while a force of workmen is en? gaged In putting on the flniahing touches they are ready for business and are taking care of their oust Ml ers with their usual promptness. They have the largest and best equipped blacksmith wheelwright and repair shop this city has ever had, and with the facilities for hand? ling a large volume ol busin? is the large patronage they have had for several years is certain to materially Increase. They have a large lot sur? rounding their shop and for the con venh nee and accommodation of their patrona and the public generally, they i have had built a number of hitching stalls, for use of which no charm wiil he made. A free w- joi lot with ?tables for hitching hai r?g l een needed in 3umter . ! I i' .<\ ingfh need Von Ohsen A tihirer bare do a good thins f >r the public and for themselves. y.r. .f. D. Bhher ;;'v?s his personal attention to the hue! sea in all its de partmeita rid i la instant effort is to pleas* and satisfy his patrons got I r.ark and prompt service. Is as t ' by Mr. W. C. To wie?, who \\ ill ? <? to see his friends. 1 li e s. v. Pierson Co. ver # w Tie- S. If, Pierson Co.. a corpora* tlon recently organized to take over the live stock, vehi-le and agrk'4 tural Implement business el 8* Pierson, is getting in shape to carry n usual business at the new stables 60 Bast Hampton Avenue, next to Edgar Skinner's shop. The large stables and mule sheds are nearin? completion and within a tew daystJ new firm will have everything in shi shape. They are not wailing on the carpenters however, to do husiness and as the Stahle proper is complet? ed they are taking eure of all the istnees that oomei their way. in addition to the stables, muie pel machinery warehouses, etc., the: save one of the largest wagon lots in town, which is open to the public. Surrounding this lot are hitching sta? bles for the use of the public tree of charge, an accommodation, w'iich will ? appreciated by the public, M The company is eompos-sd of M1 9STS. S. II. Pierson. .1. .\\ Brown and T. V. Walsh, all of whom are veil known in the live stock husiness. h!9 The D. J. Chandler ciothine- Co., have their fall hats on display. Itet what they say in tin ir hat adverii ment. * I I TO NEW QUARTERS We have moved into onr new shop on East Hampton Avenue, near Skinner's Iron W orks, next door to the stables of The S. VI. Pierson Co. We have more room and are better prepared to serve our customers than ever before. All descriptions of blacksmith and Wheelwright work, Horse Shoeing, Buggy and Wagon Repairing, Painting. Rubber Tires put on of Vehicles. Full line of Wood Material for Wagon and Buggy repairing Call or phone. Prompt attention given to all. I VonOhsen & Shirer. Fa!! Goads Arriving Daily. Fall OogiIs Inning B?r. OT)onnell&Co The Big Store of Su inter. Another lot, 10,000 yards,'of those Justly Celebrated VAL LACES, They are better than ever before. 50c per Doz Yards, 5 Cents per Yard, O'Doniiell * Co. Reed's Fine Shoes For Women, New Fall Styles. Godman's Celebrat? ed School Shoes Are Here.