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Hie Commonwealth o? Insurance. Mr. Samuel E. Moffett, writing for r Collier's of April 22 on "The Empire .of Insurance Billions," says: mm "The nearest approach hto that Co operative Commonwealth of which the Socialists dream has been made theo retically in the business of life insur? ance. Here are the most gigantic ?combinations of capital in the world, with the widest diffusion of ownership. :'?r It is safe to say that a clear majority of the sixteen million families in the jjjf " United States are joint owners of the . ? insurance capital of the country, con? stituting the most colassal co-opera? tive organization ever built up in the world's history. Any wild notions about the danger to the policy-holders may be dismiss fit -ed at once. These huge American in surance companies are now the strongest financial powers on earth very much stronger and more solid than the Bsnk of England. Their fail Tire would be inconceivable. - Now that the business has passed the perils of jgp Infancy,. life insurance companies in America do not .fail. If Lawson's alarm bell and the Hyde-Alexander mud batteries should put an instant ?top to the issuance of new policies, and if half the present policj- nolders should drop out, the busine:?? would itfg go on without a jar, automatically providing for the remainder. -The sys? tem is impregnable. "Xor is the speculative el^?ient in insurance investment altogether a bad thing for the ' policy-holders. If the .companies were restricted, as the Mu? tual was by its original charter, to mortgage on real est?te in New York, United States toads, and New York ;State> and city bonds, their returns would be so small that the policy? holders would have to pay considera? bly higher premiums for the same amount of. .insurance, and the field j?p of possible investment would soon be ' "exhausted. The restrictions of the ! savings bank law would have a similar ?effect. Under the present arrange? ments there is a certain amount of iSambling, but it is gambling with loaded dice. The insurance compa? lles are not ai the mercy of the mar? get-they control it." Foolishness in Indiana. The average person of common sense hardly knows whether to laugh a: che"Indiatna a:Ui-cIgarette law, or get . indignant at the makers and ei ^ forcers of it. It is, of course, an ab? surd thing, aiid if iinybodys cares to carr\- through a test case it certainly -cannot stand in any court with an ounce of "gumption." It would be just as reasonable for the legislature and the governor to nnder-talce to in fl^terdict "stogy" cigars, ham sand wiches and circus lemonade, all of which are more or less harmful if they are not taken into the system with ??ue regard for gastronomic laws and conditions. The Indiana legislature should ?ext provide for a special po lice supervision over nocturnal res - taurants where corn beef and cabbage are served after midnight Partakers of such provender should be "kept moving" till daylight, since it requires about four hours for cabbage to di? gest. There should also be close ex ^ amination, by a responsible officer of * the cast-iron doughnut counters in the j station restaurants, and cheap joints where enough eggs are cooked at one ! W. "boiling to last for a fortnight. This Job might be assigned to the governor himself, who is understood to be an ^ enthusiast for the anti-cigarette law. lt might be even argued that there is no other field in which the present dis? tinguished executive could be so faith II? lui and useful. Seriously, the anti clgatrette law is a piece of folly that will rapidly die out. It is a pity, though, that the good people of so W .great a state as Indiana must live un? c? er the humiliation of having a legis? lative power so frivolous.-Cincinnati ^Enquirer. Indigestion Causes Catarrh of the r Stomach. For many years it has been supposed that Catarrh of the Stomach caused indigestion and dyspepsia, but the truth is exactly the |p opposite. Indigestion causes catarrh. Re * peated attacks of Indigestion inflames the mucous membranes lining the stomach and exposes the nerves* f the stomach, thus caus lng the glands to secrete mucin instead of 5^ the juices of natural digestion. This is called Catarrh of the Stomach. Xodol Dyspepsia Cure relieves all inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the stomach, protects the nerves, and cures had breath, sour risings, ^ a sense of fullness after eating, indigestion, dyspepsia and all stomach troubles. Kodol Digests What Yon Eat Make the Stomach Sweet. Settles only. Regular size, $1.00. holding 2Vi times the trial size, which sells for 50 cents. .Prepared by ?. C. De WITT & 00., Chicago, UL For Sale by all Druggists. P P CM,CHESTER,S INGUSH JrNfcjSTd?Qv ia *a? Gold meaLl?c box?! tetltd ?\ ^ W? lri:tl bia< ribbon. Toke no other. Refuse ' *7 >Sj Oa?*eron? Sub*titotionii and Imlto I " fO tUmm Buy of jour Druggiii. or ?end 4e. in W Jr lump? for Particulars, Testimonials ,f JO ?ixl "Relief for Ladle*," in iS^ty^t .A^ if toro Mail. 10.OOO Testimonial*. SoVby Land Surveying I I will give prompt attention to all calls tor surveying, platting, terracing hill sides .draining bottoms, drawing Mortgages Titles, Pn-bating, <fcc. BANKS H. B0YKIN. D. S., Oct 19-o Catchall, S. C. Jews in America. The Jews of the United States are planning to celebrate thetwo hundred and fiftieth anniversary of their arrival in this country. While the first of the raceto land on our shores were perse? cuted exiles from Brazil, it is held that there were Jews in the ships of Col? umbus, who came with him on his first voyage of discovery. To us Americans at large, however, the early history of the Jews in this country is not so interesting as their later life and their present position in the affairs of the nation. From the lit? tle colony of despised and abused Heb? rews that came to seek the protection of. Governor Peter Stuyvesant, and found a prison instead, has sprung one of the most powerful factors in the world. The Jews were made to suffer in those early days the sternest disabili? ties, and it was many years, before they were permitted to exercise with freedom their religion or enter com? pletely into the trade of the commu? nity. But the tenacity of the race, their inexhaustible patience and their qualities of citizenship then as now ul? timately told in their favor, and from a grudging toleration the colonists gradually conceded to them the full privilege of citizenship. Their loyal? ty to the government was never ques? tioned, and in later years they were among the staunchest supporters of General Washington; and their synx pathies and material substance helped to carve the republic out of the colony. Again, in IS 12, they were found firmlv t . supporting the young republic with men and money; and in the cival and the Spanish wars Jews were enlisted in large numbers as soldiers under the flag. . Gradually their numbers grew, and they ventured forth and took part in the upbuilding-and especially in the commerce-of the states, until there is hardly a community from the At? lantic to the Pacific where they are not pr?minent and are not recognized as among the most progressive and public-spirited citizens. Only in late years have* they entered the learned professions to a great extent, but in them they have already made their shining mark. The Jews are the bankers of the world, and here as in foreign coun? tries they have attained distinction in this particular to a marked degree. In Russia alone are they prevented from taking the lead in large financial en? terprises. That government's system of oppression has stifled the?r natural talents, but it has been the means of increasing the Jewish population of | the United States by many thousands. Xew York today contains more Jews than any other city in the world-in 1904, 672,77$. Since 1884 they have been coming here in ever-increasing numbers to find that freedom and satisfaction in life to which all men are entitled. Un? speakably poor they were, and thc fear was expressed that they would become public charges; while many are still poor-among the late corn? ed-that prediction has never been fulfilled. The little Jewish children are among the brightest in the public schools. They grow up and them? selves become teachers; they enter the law, medicine, journalism-and in all they excel. In merchandising one but has to read the names on the signs in five miles of busy Broadway to see how they have made their way. In America the Jews have a record all to the good; they have succeeded and are of the brainy, progressive, pa? triotic "citizens of the nation. Their celebration will be a success, for they have something worth while to cele? brate.-New York Commercial. Great Boring Machines. Four of the big shields to be used in boring the great tunnels of the Pennsylvania railroad between the Hudson and East rivers in its costly entrance into New York city are fast approaching completion at the Leets dale Works of the Riter-Conley Man? ufacturing Company. The company's workmen have been engaged upon these for months, and the task was so unusual even for a company accus? tomed to handling great things that special air-driven tools for the boring and reaming of the steel had to be made. The boring machines consist of enormous steel cylinders twenty-four feet in diameter and sixteen feet long. Each cylinder without the machinery weighs 150 tons, and the machinery will weigh equally as much as the shields. The cylinders are made up of three thicknesses of half-inch steel plates riveted together. Within this cylinder ls-placed the boring edge of cast steel, the diaphrams, air locks, and other apparatus necessary to drive the tunnel beneath, the rivers. The cylinder moves with the cutting edge. It will be necessary to assemble the boring machines here and then knock them down for transit to New York. Pittsburg Dispatch. DR. JOHN H. MORSE, VETERINARIAN, 207 N. MAIN ST. - SUMTER. S. C. -TELEPHONE 388. THE FLEETS COMPARED. Rojestvensky Slightly Stronger in Artillery Than Togo. From the Philadelphia Record. Naval officers in Washington are keyed up to the highest pitch of inter? est in the impending meeting between the hostile fleets of Russia and Japan in the Eastern seas, as they realize that the battle will be the greatest of modern times, and in many re? spects the greatest sea fight in history. It is expected io show in a more decis? ive manner than any other naval bat? tle since the devolopment of modern ships of war the destructive capacity of armament, the defensive value of armor and the general posslibilties of the types of vessels that have come into use. On the purely technical side these considerations cause our naval experts to await with keen interest the meet? ing o* the fleets, while on the political side the interest is not less keen, as they feel the issue of the battle will probably be decisive of the war. The make-up of the two fleets and the possible auxiliaries that may join them have been carefully studied by an expert of the bureau of navigation. This study shows that the Russian fleet is slightly superior to that of Japan in fighting efficiency. But it is believed the Japs will more than offset this by their superior morale. Strongest in Battleships. * Admiral Rojestvensky has five battle ships built in 1901-03, which will be opposed to four Japanese battle ships built in 1896-1900. The Russian battle ships of this class are the Alexander III, the Borodina, the Suyaroff, the Orel and the Oslabya. Commbined they have 16 twelve-inch guns, 4 ten inch guns, 58 6-inch guns, 100 twelve pounders and 100 three-pounders. Na? val officers compare these ships with the four Japanese battle ships against which they will doubtless be pitted. The Japanese ships are Mikasa, the Asaihi, the Shikihima and. the Fuji. These four muster the following guns: Sixteen twelve-inch, no ten-inch, 52 six-inch, 70 twelve pounders and 40 three-pounders. Rojestvensky has two battle ships of the 1S89-1S94 m'odel, which are com? pared with the Japanese battle ship Chin Yen, built in 1SS2. The Russian battle ships of this model are the Sis soi Veliki and the Navarin. They car? ry eight twelve-inch guns, 14 six-inch guns and 26 three-pounders, against the following guns mounted on the Chin Yen: Four twelve-inch, four six inch and two four-pounders. As far as armored cruisers in the opposing fleets are concerned Admiral Togo has the advantage, although it is generally conceded, naval officers say, that the fighting efficiency of a modern fleet is best reckoned by the number ol its battle ships. Admiral Rojestvensky has only two armored cruisers, the Nakhimoft! and the Dim? itri Douskoff. These two ships carry the following guns: Fourteen six inch, twenty 4.7-inch "guns and nine? teen guns ranging from three to one pounders. The Japanese armored cruisers are the Adzuma, the Yakume, the Iwate, the Idzume, the Tokiwa, the Asuma, the Kasuga and the Niss hin. They carry these guns: One 10 inch, 30 eight-inch, 104 six inch, 92 12-pounders and 42 two and a half pounders. Japan Has Advantage in Cruisers. Japan seems also to have the advan? tage in the number of protected cruis? ers, none of which, however, could last well against the onslaught of a battleship. Of protected cruisers built in 1884-1903 Japan has 15. They are the Kasagi, the Chit?se, the Itskuishi ma, the Nashidate, the Matushima, the Naniwa, the Tawachite, the Akit suhima, the Idzumi, the Akashi, the Suma, the Chiyoda, the Natucka, the Tsushima and the Ottawa. These ships carry the following guns: Three 12.6-inch guns, four 10-inch, four 8 inch, 36 6-inch, 94 7-inch guns, 62 12 pounders, 46 6-pounders, 55 3-pound ers and 20 1-pounders. Against this class of ships will be pitted probably the six protected cruiser with Admiral Rojestvensky. They are the Olig, the Aurora, ,the Svietlana, the Jetmchug, the Izun rud, and the Almaz. They carry these guns: Twenty-six 6-inch 34 12 pounders, 42 3 and 1-pounders. The statement continues: Summary of the Artillery. The above cnstitutes the main fight in strength of Russian and Japan, lia? ble to encounter one another soon. The following is a summary of the guns: Russia-Twenty-four 12-inch, four 10-inch, no 8-inch, 112 6-inch, 20 4.7 inch, 134 12-pounders, no 6-pounders and 187 3 and 1 pounders. With the Russian fleet now in the China seas, en route north are the pro? tected cruisers (converted merchant steamers) Kuban, Terek, Ural, Rion Dreiper. They doubtless act as scouts, and their potential fighting strength is small, being necessarily vulnerable. At Seketra (Northeast Africa) or now en route to the East from there, there are the following Russian ships: Battleship Nicolai, carrying two 12 inch and eight 6-inch guns; armored cruiser Monomach (181) carrying five 6-ihch and six 4.7-inch guns, coast de? fence vessel Oushakoff (1S93). carry? ing three 10-inch, four 9-inch and four 6-inch guns; coast defenece vessel Se vianine (1S94,) carrying three 10-inch, four 9-inch and four 6-inch guns: coast defence vessel Apraxin (1S96.) carrying three 10-inch, four 9-inch and four 6-inch guns; balloon ship Russ, repair ship Xenia and hospital ship Kostroma. At Yladivostock Russia has the following ships: Armored cruiser Gromoboi, carrying four 8-inch, 16 6-inch. 20' 12-pounders; armored crui? sers Rossia, carrying four 8-inch, 16 6-inch and 12 12-pounders. and the 12 6-inch and 12 12-pounder guns. The condition of these ships for fighting efficiency is uncertain; the two former were badly mauled in the en? gagement of Aug. 14. 1904, with Ad? miral Kamamura's squadron, where their sister ship, the ?rmored cruiser Rurik, was sunk. The Bogaytr ran ashore on a rocky point near Vladi? vostok during the early part of the war. ripping out a large part of her bottom, under her boilers and lifting the latter, probably not in good con? dition for steaming. The Japanese have seven unprotect? ed cruisers of 1,300 to 1.S00 tons, and seven gun boats of 600 to 1,000 tons. Their fighting value is small, most of them being old. LYNCHERS ARRESTED. Several Prominent Citizens of Kershaw ! Placed Under Arrest-? Sensa? tion Sprung. ! Lancaster, Auril 25.-Greatly to the j surprise of all this section several ar ! rests have been made in the case of ? the lynching which occurred at Ker j shaw, this county, last October. The men arrested are the most prominent I and influential men of Lancaster coun ?ty. They are: John T. Stevens, manager of the Kershaw Mercantile and Banking Co. j Stewart TV*. Heath, president and j manager of the Heath Supply Co. S. W. Welch, also with the Heath I i Supply Cov and son of the mayor of Kershaw. Frank Hough, a beer dispenser and member of a prominent family. The arrests of the above were made in Chester, 'where the men had gone on business last night. Warrants are also out for the fol? lowing citizens of Kershaw; S. L. Gardner, Jr., Burwell Truesdale, Hen ry J. Gardiner. John Holden, Wm. Croxton. Sr., W. E. Belk, Tom Jone?. J. W. Austin, and others. It is un? derstood that there are 40 warrants in all, 16 of the men accused living in the town of Kershaw and the other in the country. Two other white men and a negro are already in jail on this charge. The warrants charge the par? ties with complicity in the lynching of Morrison at Kershaw in October. The warrants were sworn out be? fore Magistrate W. P. Caskey several days ago by H. B. Howie, a special detective. The four men named above had no notice of the intended arrest, it is stated, and had gone to Chester on personal business when the war? rants were served. All the parties against whom warrants have been tak? en out will be on hand at the pre? liminary which v.'ill be held by Mag? istrate Caskey Friday morning at this place. It is understood that the citi? zens of the town of Kershaw will sus? pend business and charter a special train and take all who wish to go free to Lancaster to attend the hear? ing. There is great confidence among the people of Kershaw that the charges will amount to nothing and that the citizens will soon be at lib? erty, although it is intimated in some quarters that one of the number has turned state's evidence. The case has been worked up by Detective Howie and W. H. Newbold of Chester. There are a large number of affidavits upon which the arrests were made. Lancaster, April 26.-There were no special developmeuts today in the mat? ter of the arrests of persons charged with the Kersoaw lynching. General indignation is expressed at the idea that a military company may be sent here on Friday tor tne preliminary bearing. Sheriff Hunter says he is not the officer referred to in a publication today as proposing to have the military on hand. He is confident of bis ability to preserve the peace, and he, in com? mon with other representative citizens, think that to send a military company here would be a reflection on Lancas? ter's good name. Magistrate Casker says he would resign before he would bold the preliminary under military enard, Sheriff Bunter was called to Chester this evening by Solicitor H8nry. HEALTH INSURANCE The man who insures his life is wise for his family. The man who insures his health is wise both for his family and himself. 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The czar thinks it would injure td? prestige of the Russian arms if he made peace; but we can assure him that everybody outside' of Russia, knows what has happened to the Rus? sian army in Manchuria-Memphis Commercial-Appeal. WeWant ? TO QUALIFY FOR GOOD POSITIONS GUARANTIED !N WRITING. 500 FREE QA.-ALA. BUS. COLLEGE, MACON, QA Anyone sending a sketch and description mnv quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communion tiona strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charsre, in the Scientific janean. A handsomely illustr?t pd weekly I-irsrest cir iulation of any scientUc Journal. Terms, ?:5.-. year: four months, ?L Sold by all newsdealers MUNN & Co.36tBrosKhra?' Nsw Wi Brauch office. <^? " St., Washington. I>. C. Colonel Watterson is getting care? less. While he is enjoying himself Texas is cheering for Roosevelt. 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