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Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aims't at. be thy Country's, thy God's, and Truth's. THE TRUE SOUTHRON, Established June, 1866. SUMTER, S. C., TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER ll, 1883. New Series-Yoi. III. So. 6. t???< feWialiftd S?ury Tuesday, T. .. . -BY MK Kin ami Southron Publishing Company, SUMTER, S/C. ,? . * ' " ^S?LMS; Dottats per abo am-in advance. .A Sr? IIB T?SE MS NTS . insertion-_$1 00 _ 50 forihree months, or longer will " rat?s. watch subserve private I bfrchar^ed for as advertisements, and tribunes of respect will be . '\ y' n??k?s and notices of deaths pub . - . . ^a i^k or contracts for advertising &atctna*#?d Soulhron, or anplj at la, : H. G. OSTESN, . ' Business Manager. SOT SIS GOLD. Speculator Gives of his Career. ^?gf?SSnXOXT BKFOHE THE SENATE COM pJ^p?lpS~THS BSLATIQNS OF CAPITAL ^^^SfeYoKC, September 5.-Mr. J. ^fco??? was the principa.1 witness to B ?&B*b comrnittec ;sf ?du cation and K?boiv ^here^as a large attendance K&gpt?Dwms ccrwfe? to see and bear fS?S&Wbd i? L~ examination occupied B^?r^-^ vhole day, covering a Hrai?rvsnetf of topics more or less K&Twaa first asked^o give a sketch of ^?i?eod business enterprises. t.^?K^^M^d seemed to be somewhat E^mli1"^ at the'request, but turning ^^M^nHe'tovard tbe reporters bc ^Kran^Llow vo'ce. 'I was born/ g^mhttfjt nt Boxbory, in Delaware ^^fflB^^n this st ile, on Al ay 27, h ?83?fej5?y parents had a small fat rn, l^iaM^M^f?eet) cows, w ii ich ? assist :^D^PIg. I attended a school l^jlbtiyjprtyn miles distant, and when w??U??t 14 ye.^rs old obtained a ^Ste?oCiii^s a t?e?ghboriug village. I |? interested i o ma thematics, ^sa&??gjfto get -ap at 3 o'clock in the fV?asij^g and study to; 6, when the i^53to?a^wasopene?. I remained in the i^?te^tiro years, when I made tho pawap?BOTMit?i>c? of a surveyor, who was J L 3Ka??ng.afj?F^ey of Ulster county. f^^^ service at a sal- j 1??S?- bf S^O a raototh.* i learned that my eM&yer's cie?it was not very g^Bgj^S?;!- was to obtain no money ^fermjwork until the map was com r nfeled, so that I made sundials for the ^?rmersat $?a piece to pay my run E??f?itg.expenses. 1 made surveys af |||Eeyward of delaware and Albany pC<*Qnti(?? and made Tn these con? giraefs about $50,000. I then went IJ?nto the tan uer y busiuess with a Mr. ? Fritt, o?Prattsville, and dually en Wleroi into a copartnership with ? ^Charles M. Leupp, who committed ? ?uwrde. The first railway with which m i had any connection, was what is Kpow a portion, ol' the Rensselaer and. ?Sar? toga, of which 1 was sn per i n fctendenL During the panic of 1859 St he stock went down Very low, and Ki was able to bay ina large amount ?of tbe stock, which afterward rose in ?value and made a handsome profit. ? The next road in which Mr. Gould m said lie interested himself was the j ? Cleveland and Pittsburg, which he ?afterwards leased to the Pei: ney'vania ? road. Mr. Gould then rehearsed the ??tory of his. connection with the Union ?Pacific. As he had interested him ? ?elfin it, and the stockwas falling, I be made op his mind to carry it p through at any cost. It was on the j point of bei ng placed in the hands of I a, receiver. ? Afterwards, when the road became I a payn.g one and dividends were de ? elated regularly, there was a great a cry from the public that it -was J ay I Gould's road, as ii this was a dange 1 roos thing. He said,. however, that lie was then engaged in selling out bis stool? which was soon* in the har.ds of more than 7,000 investors, repre? senting the earnings of many widows 4pd orphans. This ended bis con? nection with the Union Pacific, and the stock was now higher than when be sold it. His next venture was the bs il ding up of the Gould railway system m the son th and west. lt be? gan with the purchase of the Missou? ri and Pacific from Commodore Garri? son. Other roads were purchased and connections were made to dif? ferent parts. . Mr. Gould paid that Le had at this time passed Hie point where money making was an-object, and his only idea was in carrying out the system to merely to see what could be done by compilation. The lines now spread th ron gn Ohio, Hi in ois, indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Arkansas, I'.dian ferrilory, Texas, Louisana, and Jfciexico. Tin-re are centrai connec? tions at Cincinnati, at St. Louis, Ghi cago, and 2??w Ot leans. All the con Ructions of this system of roads were completed last year and repre? sented about 10,1)00 miles of road. I The earnings of the lines, when he j took took possession of them, was f aboot $70,000 a month. The ewings* for the past month were $5*00,000. In building up this system th? southwest has been open? ed up and the country thrown open io civilization. gp Mr. Gould stated tliat he was a di? rector in the Chicago and Northwest, Chicago, and* Rock Island, Delaware, Bocka wanna and Western New York ?nd Kewjgngiand, a::d several other pmafler Sjfes.- incidental to his rail Iror? interests he had become largely ?interested in the telegraph business. F ?his w?s oo account of the intimate i confection between the two indus? tries^ fie was instrumental in start? ing the American Union, to make a competing line with tbe Western Union. He stated that it would be irajfossible to accomplish this on ac? iago t of the latter's connections. Ile ?? turned hts attention to getting fel of Western Union by buyfcg ^^E^ WV^nHHjie had been con friend, Geo, Eckert, the manager, be had great confidence in his bu ness ability. The railway faciliti I which are now acquired by the W < tern Union are invaluable, and it ! impossible to estimate their value. I 'Can you give us your opinion as ? the practicability of a governme postal telegraph which would ta '. the place oT the present system, 1 Gould V inquired Senator Blair. 'I think the institutions of tl country are opposed to any sucltthii j as that/ replied Mr. Gould. 'Te i graphic business more than any otb requires io be. managed by experi and the dividends of the Weste \ Union arc obtained because it do i the business well. Under a gover j meut system the whole manageme ; of these great interests would be su ; ject to chance and the particular p litical part* then in powrer.' M Goo li also thought th?t the rn* j service would be better accomplish^ I by private enterprise than by tl government. He would not object i I the government taking hold of tl j telegraph system of the Westei I Union if it would pay for it what was worth on a fair appraisal, but i his ooinion it would not be a succ?s Uniform tariffs could be secured u der a private enterprise as well J under a government supervision, an the Western Union policy tended i accomplish this. In New York stal there is a uniform system of ratet There could be no lasting compet tion against the Western Uu?oir o account of its great facilities, Whe there were powerful jrivals the rate were #ot reduced because the con peiitor was obliged to charge ra t? as high as the Western Union in o der to live. Mr. Gould said that th had been his experience, and if an^ one thought he could do better tha himself he was certaiuly at liberty t try. The valne of tue stock in a corpori tion depended upon its earning pow er. There might be water in th Western Union, but the same coul be said of all kinds of property whic had increased in value, lie though the government had a right to fix limit beyond which the profits of th company could not go, so long as th i rates were not unreasonable, but i had not the right under republicai ! institutions to take away private prc porty from its citizens without jae compensation. Senator Blair inquired whether h could give an approximate estim?t of the value of the Western Uaio: company. Mr. Gould replied that this wouh be impossible, as he was not in J I position tb give such an estimate ' He did not trouble himself wiih de j tails, but judged o? the value of pro perty OB a broader basis, that bein? its earning power. p The value of franchises possess^ by tue company at present could no be estimated by any known means Contracts with railways had beei made nuder varying circumstances The growth of the telegraph systen represented the growth of the conn tty,' and was progressing more rapid ly than most people imagined, iii thought 7 per cent, was a fair esti mate of the earning power of th< Western Union. If the people thought they weis getting too much, they could buy the stock. Stock o: all safe paying enterprises was being distributed all over the counjtry. This class of investors held about $60,000,000 of the Western Union stock, which was continually becom? ing scarce in the market. Within j two years Mr. Gould thought the j remaining shares now upou the market would be absorbed by inves? tors. He was glad that this was so j for it indicated a prosperous condi ! tion of affairs. He did not think there was as much water in the stock of the Western Union as that of many other companies. The value of the West? ern Union was very nearly equal to its capitalization. A railway like th? New York Central probably could not be duplicated for its present capi? talization. 'Don't you think that New York city cost more than it would sell for V asked Senator Blair. 'I don't think my opinion on that subject would be very valuable/ .re? plied Mr. Gould. 'At any rate, I do not think 1 should care to buy ^ew York if I could get plenty of coi ner lots.' Mr. Gould stated that he did not think it was possible for a com I pany to get an exclusive privilege, j for, in the case of any railway, anoth j er could be constructed alongside if j a sufficient number of wise men i or fools could be found who would ; put their money into the enterprise, i Eventually, however, the stronger roads would always swallow up the j weaker. In all the lines controlled ! by him in the west the rates for fares ; and freight? were regulated by state statutes. In many cases, however, Competitions reduced the rates charged below the limits fixed by law. Mr. Gould declined to specify the railroads , whose capitalization was greatly in excess of the cost of con .M.uction or real value. Tie did not believe in government interference, as the rates would almost always be regulated by competition. Tue sys? tem of pooling had uudoubtly saved a great many corporations from being injured seriously. Its effect was merely to protect the roads entering into the pool from a ruinous competi? tion. A pool could not affect rates very materially, on account of various elements which entered into the sys? tem. There were outlets by way of the Mississippi river. The canals and the lake routes and Canada rail? road routes for freight, and with these in existence rates could never be maintained beyond a certain point. He explained, in a general ?vay, ? thc pool system as it at present ex- | isted, after which the commission took a ?ecess until 2 o'clock. When the afternoon session began, Mr. Goold continued his testimony. 'Do yon think that the price of food is influenced by stock speculation or sp?culation in food products V inquir? ed Senator Blair. jj *It might, to, a certain extent, in ! crease the price cf food for a sin j period/ replied Mr. Gould ; 'but t j supply aud demand will always reg ! late these thing6 and keep up a b I ance. If there is a large crop, t I price will be so much below the ai j rage that speculation to keep ! prices will always fail. ! Mr. Gould said he was not famili with the methods of speculation cort* aud wheat, but that there w nothing unfair in stock .speculatio Each transaction represented a S? and delivery and the influence of t transaction did not go beyond tl parties themselves. The Weste Union company, he thought, pa more attention to its employees th: any other company with which he w connected. The recent strike, in h opinion, was the result of a feelii of dissatisfaction on the part of ti poorer classes of employees. Tl better classes of workmen as a gen ral rule did not ca/e so much ho many hours they worked, as the were continually hoping for a high position in the ranks. It was a fa that the Western Union paid its ec ,ployee8 better wages than any othi company. Labor and capital if Ie to themselves would bring about satisfactory adjustment. There w? always more qr less dissatisfactic and there was ^panacea that woul remove these ft - *ngs of discontent. .Do you think ...at labor gets i fair share of tLe wealth which is th produce of labor and capital V aske Senator Blair. 'I do/replied Miv Gould. 'Th returns for capital in tliis country ar continually growing less. Profits r< present the return of capital, ?nd a the rest, with the exception of wh? goes to pay for raw materials, is Cu voted to labor/ ' What do you think is the explam tion of the present discontent V 'In my opinion there is a surplus c labor in this country. There ha been a large immigration, and recem ly railway building has been stopped and the market has been overcrowc ed with laborers. In time thes things will adjust themselves. Thi surplus of labor is placing itself in th we?t and northwest. Immigrants ar rapidly occupying the governmeo aud railway lands in the west. Mr. Gould at this point stated tha he did not believe in the system c giving land grants to railways^ am the government bad wisely reserve? every alternate section. The govern ment lauds were being1 occupied Sis because they could be obtainer! cheaper. It was for the interest o the railways to get small farmers t< these lands, and this was being rap idly done. Ile did not know of atn land being sold by railways in large tracts to private speculators. I would be contrary to their interest: to do this. It was not done by an^ ot the roads controlled by him. Mr Gould thought that every man whc was sober and industrious would sue ceed. The majority of the employee; regarded their employers with friend ly feelings, and any animosities and grievances that might exist had beet exaggerated by the societies to whicl many of the laboring classes belong On the question of legislation Mr. Gould declared that the only safe guard to society was the education of the masses. Anything would be good which would tend to educate and elevate their moral conditions. Ile did not know whether trades unions and labor organizations were a benefit or not. They had a legiti? mate field when they were confined tc mere benevolent institutions, bul when they rose beyond this they were lost in a great sea which they cannot control. Labor, as everything else, was governed by the law cf supply and demand. At this point, Senator Blair said that he had finished his examination, and Senator Call asked leave to put before the witness a few questions which had been submitted by some gentlemen ia regard to the amassing of wealth by the exercise of corporate franchises. Mr. Gould, in answer to these, stated that he did not believe that there was any such thing as an ex? clusive privilege in this country, at least in those enterprises in which he was engaged. Ile believed that the state had a right to fix the limit of rate charges and could exercise it, but natural facilities would also cre? ate a limit. Mr. Gould also said that he thought that it was not just to limit in any way a man's capacity to acquire wealth, and that it certainly should not be limited by the amount of wealth to b'1 acquired in tho farming industry. He*had tried this himself at one time, and finding tinst He could not make it pay had gone into the railway business, which he had found in the long run was more profitable. A young mao, fie said, should be educated in such a way that he could turn his hand to more than one busi? ness, so that if he failed in one voca? tion he could turn to another. Gould's examination was closed at this point, and the hearing was ad? journed. This year is another warning against carryiug ail of our eggs ?a one basket, and devoting ton much attention to cot? ton and corn. The viney;;rds are mag? nificent this year, and the vine growers have made money. Thc stock raisers have not suJfercd by the drought., and neither have the poultry. Bogs have not been injured Diversified ir his- j tries and crops would have ;>j*-.le this country a hundred per cent better oil than it is to-day. A man iu Newark, N. J , is making artificial eggs at the rate of 2.000 a day. The yolk is a mixture of Indian j meal, corn starch and other ingredients, j aud is frozen in a ball and encased iu a j chemical imitation of the white which is also frozen and given a thin, filmy skiu. The whole is theu enclosed iu, a pias? ter of Paris shell, and gradually allow? ed to thaw. Steam communication between Wil? mington and Baltimore has been estab? lished, and the first steamer of the Bal? timore aod Wilmington Steamship Line will leave Baltimore September 8. A Thousand Wives. The Bad Bdy's Ideas Regarding the Wisdom of Solomon. 'Sit down on the ice box,7 said the boy to the grocery man. 'What you need is rest. Yon are overworked. Your alleged brain is eQual to wilted lettuce, and it can devise ways and means to hide rotten peaches under good ones, so as to sell them to blind orphans, but when it comes to grasp? ing great questions your small bram cannot comprehend them. Your brain may go up sideways to a great, question and run against it, but it cannot surround it and grasp it. That's where you are deformed. Now, it is different with me. l ean raise brain to sell to you grocery men. Listen. This Solomon is credited with being the wisest man, and yet history says he had a thou? sand wives. Just think of it. You have got one wife and pa has got one, and all the neighbors have one, if they have had any kind of luck. Does not one wife make you pay at? tention ? Wouldn't two wives break you up? Wouldn't three cause you to see stars ? Eow would ten strike you ? Why, man alive, yo^u do not grasp the magnitude of the statement that Solomon had a thousand wives. A thousand wives, standing side by side, would reach about four blocks. Marching by fours it would take them twenty minutes to pass a given point. The largest Summer resort hotel only holds about five hundred people, so Sol would have had to hire two hotels if he took his wives out for a day in the country. If you would stop and think once and a while you wouid know more.' , The grocery man's eyes began to stick out as the bad boy continued, as though the statistics had never been brought to his attention before, but he was bound to stand by his old friend Solomon, and he said : 'Well (Solomon's wives must have been dif? ferent from our wives of the present day.' 'Not much,' said the boy, as ho saw he was paralyzing the grocery man. 'Women have been about the same ever since Eve. She got mash? ed on the original dude, and it stands to reason that Solomon's wives were no better than the mother of the hu? man race. Statistics show that one woman out of every ten is red head? ed. That would give Solomon an even hundred red-headed wives. Just that hundred red-headed wives would be enough to make an ordinary man think that there was a laud that is fairer than this. Then there would be, out of the other nine hundred, about three hundred blondes, and the other 6ix hundred would be brunettes, and maybe he had a few albinos and bearded women and fat women and dwarfs. Now, those thousand wo? men had appetites, desires for dress and style, the same as other women. Imagine Solomon saying to them, 'Girls, let's all go down to the ice cream saloon and have a dish of ice cream.' Can you, with your brain mud? dled with codfish and new potatoes, realize the scene that, would follow 'I Suppose, after Solomon's broom brigade had got seated in the ice creamery, one of the red-headed wives should catch Solomon winking at a strange girl on au other table. You may think Solomon did not know enough to wink, or that he was not that kind of a flirt, but he must have been or he could never have succeed? ed in marrying a thousand wives in a sparsely settled ? country. No, sir, it looks to me as chough Solomon in all his glory, was an older masher, and from what I have seen of men being bossed around with one wife, I don't envy Solomon his thousand. Why, just imagine that gang of wives going and ordering Fall bonnets. Solomon would have to be a King or a Vanderbilt to stand it. Ma wear6 five dollar silk stockings, and pa kicks awfully when the bill comes in. Imagine Solomon putting up for a few thousand pair of silk stockings. . I am glad you will sit down and rea? son with me in a rational way about some of these Bible stories that take my breath away. The minister stands me off when I try to talk with him about such things, and ?ells rae to study the parable of the Prodigal Son, and the deacons tell me to go and soak my head. There is darn little encouragement for a boy to try and 5gure out things. How would you like to have a thousand red-headed wives come into the store this minute and tell you they wanted you to send carriages around to the house at S o'clock, so they could go for a drive ? Or how would you like to have a hired girl come rushing in and tell you to send np six hundred doctors, because six hundred of your wives had been taken with cholera morbus ? Or' '0, don't mention it,' said the gro? cery man with a shudder. ' I wouldn't take Soiomou's place and be the natural protector of a thousand wives if anybody would give me the earth. Think of getting up in a cold winter morning and building a thousand fires! Think of two thousand pair of hands in a fellow's hair! Boy, you have shown me that Solomon needed a guardian over him. Ile didn't have sense.' 'Yes,' said thc boy ; 'and think of two thousand feet, each one as cold asa brick of chocolate ice cream. A joan would want a back as big as the fonce to a lair erround. l>ni I don't o want to harrow np your feelings. I must go and put somo arnica on pa. He has got home, and says he has been to a summer resort on a vaca? tion, and he is all covered with blotch? es. Ile says it is mosquito bites, but ma thinks he has been shot lull of bird shot by 6ome watermelon farmer, ila hasn't got any sympathy -for pa because he didn't take her along. Milwaukie Sun ' Those who have been figuring on the wheat crop say that there is a short? age in this season's crop in this coun? try of seventy million bushels. There is plenty of wheat, however, to furnish bread for all, but the price may be a little higher. Our Forests. Southern men who own extensive forests should guard them jealously. In less than twenty years they will be more valuable than gold mines. Mr. Wm. Little, of Montreal, an expert, contributes a notable article to the August, number of an English periodi? cal called 'Forestry,1 wherein he proves thal the Canadian lumber re? gion will be stripped in ten years. Professor Sargeant, another expert, estimates that the supply of white pine in the United States will not endure seven years of the existing rate of spoliation. He says the pine of New England and New York already has disappeared. A few years ago Pennsylvania seemed inexhaustible ; it now is nearly stripped. The great Northwestern pine States Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, can show only a few scattered remnants of the forests to which they owe their great? est prosperity, and which not even j self-interest has saved from needless destruction. Everywhere the story is I the same. The timber has been wan-1 tonly and stupidly cut. as if the sup-1 ply was endless. To remove a large trunk sometimes fifty smaller trees have been cut down and left to rot or to lie as fuel when thc forest fires are raging. People talk of the inexhaus? tible forests of the South, but they know little of the sawing capacity of the Northern mills, which Mr. Little thinks could in twelve months time convert the whole merchantable pine of the States of Georgia and Alabama into lumber, and be but six months in using that of Florida or either of the Carolinas. The presentation of these facts has caused wide spread alarm, and there has been considerable public agita? tion of the subject. It is pertinently asked how long can ?300,000,000 worth of timber be annually cut with? out swift annihilation of a crop that nobody is planting. The Chicago Inter Ocean states, on the other hand that 'the lumbermen have satisfacto? rily shown that no remedy whatever is to be found in checking the cutting oif of the lumber, even if there were power in any government or set of men to do so. They show that, ow? ing to tlie frequency of forest fires, lumber that is not cut is sure to be swept over by fire every few years, and when once burned over it must be cut within the following year or the worms destroy it. The only way to save the lumber actually in exis? tence, therefore, and exposed to cer? tain fires is to cut it. Every town? ship and nearly every square mile in Michigan and Wisconsin containing lumber uncut also has its settler, and wherever there are settlers there are fires.' A writer in the same paper presents three alternatives, to take effect with? in a decade : . 1. A forced, sudden, and total substitution of brick, stone and iron for building purposes, in lieu of wood. 2. Wood pulp manufactured from worthless woods and straw must be? come a substitute for timber, or, as the phrase goes, we must build our houses of paper. Or, 3. The government of the United States must take efficient peremptory measures, either cf coercion or in? ducement, which will iiisuie the planting or relegation tc forest dees, but especially to the white pine, o: ai least y),000,000 acres per year, equi? valent to the quanitity we arc now deoudiug. The presumption is that by the time either of these palliatives could be adopted the forests would have disappeared. We can only hope that just as kero fone, gas and electricity were substi? tuted for whale oil, when tiie monsters of the deep were about to be exter? minated, so human invention will presently interpose to protect our forests from total destruction. If this be a deceptive expectation, what better fate can this country hope for than such as has befallen the territory of the unspeakable Turk, which has? been converted into barren wastes by the wanton denuding of timber lands. At any rate, let the South hold on to her forests, which will soon be priceless. We are apprehensive, however, that she will do nothing of the kind, under the pressure of North? ern lucre. Our section is threatened with an invasion of Yankee axemen more to be dreaded than a hundred Shermans at the head of armies with cannon and muskets. - wm IB ???. - 'Dar am nuffin which ruins a nigger more suddner,' said uncle Nash, solemnly, to his eldest hopeful,*'dan dc custom ot'visitin1 hen-roosts in de full ob de moon. It am well 'nough to tackle watermillyuu patches when de queen ob night am sailin' around in short neck and low sleeves, becauz de squawk ob a twisted watermillyun vine am not like de squawk ob a red-headed rooster when yon done pluck him out o' dc hen-patch. But take the rooster when de moon am on de half shell.'-De? troit free Prcas. A long-haired hermit has been dis? covered io the Now Hampshire woods. Ho does not know his own name. It i s likely he is the sole survivor of thc I Greenback party. A statement is going the rounds that the Texas cotton crop instead of roach? ing 1,500,000 bah-.-, as thc prospect at lirs-t indicated, will now hardly risc, to 1,000,000 bales. The presidental canvass in Kentucky will be made on a platform calling for J whiskey for snakebite? only, and a law ? will be pussed forbidding the killing of suakes under thc direst penalties. New England is badly damaged by a long drouth. In many localities the farmers have been compelled to take their cows from the pastures and feed them upon winter hay. IQ consequence thc price of milk, in many, piaces has been raised. If you would have your child brought into contact and association with men and women of culture, see to it that sueh men and women are secured for teachers. PINS, FAST AND PRESEN Each Woman's Yearly Allowance-Fa? About the Manufacture. [From toes Kew York Sun.] j To the young lady -Whose intrica 1 overskirt ia heid in innumerable fol by many pins, it may seem a bardah that her yearly allowance of pins is on about 140. Such, however, is the ce "with each individual in the Unit: States on an equitable division of t1 pins yearly sold in this country. B j the Indians in the West are not sn posed to use their full allowance, ai collar buttons have so far done aw? [ with tho use of pins by gentlemen ge eraily that the young lady may perha: j prcado herseli with some one els? j allowance. Thc pins used in ihe Unit* I States are made by fourteen iactorie I somewhat scattered as to hxrality, b j chiefly ia New England. Their aimu I production for several years past h ? been about 7,000,000,000 pins. Th ; number has not varied much for son \ years, thc demand remaining about tl j same. A few cf these 7,000,000,000 a swallowed by children, a sumner a ! bent up in schools and placed in vaca: and inviting chairs, and some miilioj get into the cracks of doors, and the re for the most part are scattered along tl byways and highways, where they ha^ dropped from dresses and been left i work their way into the earth. Two years ago the competition amor the nine principal companies then e: is ting for the manufacture of toilot pii led to such a cutting of prices that tl business became unprofitable, and tl market was flooded with goods. Dealer who were shrewd laid in stock, and fan ilies even bought in wholesale quantity for future needs. A year ago a con bination was formed of three wire con panics, and now all of the pins made b them are shipped to . .ew York, and hai di 2d by the head t agency in this cit; From their common warehouse they az yent to every part of the country i quantities varying according to the f< scale population. The importations of English, pins ai sma:!, and the exportation of pins froi tba TJn t-.-d S rutes ?3 confined to Cub? South America and parts of Canad' where, however, but few pins aro seni I&gland -supplies almost the whol world outside of the United States, al though it is claimed that the America }?ins ure not inferior in quality". Quality however, ii a mutter which but slight! concerns the ro:aii buyer. To him puper o:t' pias is a paper of pins so ionj us they don't have heads on both ends The raw material-the brass and irb] wire from which ali American pins ar ! made-is froin the wire mills of thi ! country, and much of the machinery fo: | their manufacture is of American inven lion and patent. _ DlXXJilif AXU XUJTCTUALITr. A prominent American statesman says the London Globe, was said to tab e * a pride in always knocking at any doo] I within which he had an engagement precisely with the first stroke of th? I dock or with the very tick of his watch Perhaps if that wondrous wise states? man had taken the troubla to "tot up' *U ilie od*ds and ends of time he mus? j have wasted in securing that pettifog j gleg precision he would have found that, i whatever he might havev done for othoi ! people's time, he had really been a? waste ral cf his own as the veriest sloven in this way may be supposed to be cn the j showing of very exemplary people-as j wasteful, fer instance, as Lord Palmers j ton. who was lino wu to drop in to a pub \ lie dinner lour hours after the appointed i time. When Bosvilie gave his fashionable ; dinnersia Welbeck street tho guests I were always given to understand that j ti] oe must be observed to the minute, j and that ii they wore not there dinner ! must proceed without them. It was not oxton that folks caine late, for most peo t pie can be punctual v, hen they know it U expected of thom. On one occasion, however, it happened to be the astrono? mer royal who came hi a half, minute or so 1 ^kiud the appointed dinner hour, and found the guests coming down the ? staircase to the dining-room. " I trust, Mr. Friend," said the host intfgrecting him, " that in future you will bear in mind we don't reckon time here by the ? meridian of Greenwich but by the nie 1 ridi;wi of Welbeck street." That sort of I ihing may ?ul be ve*y well when it is j clearly understood that, in auctioneers' phrase ology, it is to be dinner time, ! *' prompt," but it is not every host who I can muster the hardihood for such rig ; id i ty. even though their guests may rot I bo astronomers royal. Most people would agree with Dr. Johnson in his I well-known dictum on the point. ! " ?u'rht six people to be kent waiting for one'?" asked Boswell, who was him self hiciined to proceed without one lag i gard. "Why, ye said Johnson, "if 1 the ono will suiT.-r more by your sitting down than the six will by waiting." -., A ccj* Ol' TI:A. ' In a lecture by Hr. G. Ii. Tweedie, F. G. S., London, on "A Cup of Tea," tho speaker divided Ins subject into four sections-the tea, the water, the milk, I tim sugar. The- leeturor first drew attention io toa drinking with every-day I life, ano showed that the principal com ! uoncnts of tea were th?ine and the es ? seniiai oil of tannin, which latter pos? sessed astringent properties. He in ! formed the audience that the best timo to take tea waii about three hours after dinner or any other heavy meal, and deprecated in the strongest terms the excess to winch tea drinking is carried t>v some people, asserting that such a practice induced a nervous disorganiza? tion ami impeded digestion. Hoshowed thu t the sole ino ..renee between bla^k ?aud groen tea w as one of preparation, and that both kinds could be obtained from the leaves of the same plant After ?,sserting that the adulteration of tea had I '. cry much decreased of late years, which the tea-drinking public will be glad to know, the lecturer proceeding to treat of the various kinds of shrubs grown in difiei'ciit parrs o? the vvvrlu un ? uiv countries where the different kinds of toas were consumed, the lecturer came to the consideration of the milk, its value ns a nutritive agent, and, referring to its adulteration, he made the astound? ing assertion that in London alene ?very year no less than. ?70,000 was spent on water which was sold as milk. Pasing on to regard the sugtir, the lecturer de? nied the common error that sugar was injurious to the teeth, bringing forward as an example the negroes of .Jamaica, who, he said, though they were the greatest eaters of sugar in the world, were proverbial for their beautiful teeth. Do WHAT good thou canst unknown ; and be not vain of what ought rather to Ve felt than seen.- William Pauk USES OF CHARCOAL. Charcoal, laid fiat, while cold, on a bum, causes thc pain to abate ??mexii. ately ; by leaving it 021 for an hour, th? bum seems almost healed, when it is su? perficial. And charcoal ie valuable for many other purposes. Tainted meat, surrounded with it, is sweetened; strewn over heaps of decomposed pelts, or over dead animals, it prevents an unpleasant odor. Poul wator is purified by it It is a great disinfectant, and sweetens the air if placed-in trays around apartments. It is so very porous in its '* minute in? terior " it absorbs and condenses gases most rapidly. One cubic inch of fresh charcoal will absorb nearly 100 of gase? ous ammonia. Charcoal forms an un? rivaled poultice for malignant wounds and sores, often corroding away dead flesh, reducing it one-quarter in six hours. In cases of what we call proud flesh it is invaluable. It gives no disa? greeable oder, corrodes no metal, hurts no texture, injures no color, is a simple and safe sweetener and disinfectant. A teaspoonful of charcoal in half a glass of water often relieves a sick headache; it absorbs the" gases ?nd relieves i,he dis? tended stomach pressing against th? nerves, which extend from the stom? ach to the head. TBE STEADY TALKER. Conversation ss & very serious thing with some people. They talk all day, and the fact that they say 2;othing does not in the slighest degree interfere with the steady now of words. One of this sort on board the train was asked a very simple question by a fellow-passenger. She made a deprecating gesture and re? plied : " Excuse me, sir, but I am onlj going to the next station, and it's not worth while to begin a conversation. " NEWS, like other animate mattes; when it is once dispatched is dead. MU31 M.Y FLOUR* Of all queer flours wo have heard of, says an exchange, mummy flour is the queerest, and yet it is actually on arti? cle of commerce ir. Egypt With an iconoclasm that "ont-yanks tho Yan? kee," the inhabitants of Egypt have of late years been dragging i or rh the mum? mies that have lain for centuries in the catacombs and grinding them into pow? der. This fi mummy Hour" is shipped to Europe for fertilizers. Shades ci the great departed ! Just think of it. Bab? ing wheat and carrots and cabbage ?rom the remains of tho miers anti -'-'fimt citizens" of " Thebes of the hundred gate?." Wo might well parody Shah- ? speare's lines and exclaim, Imperial Pfcarsoh, d9*d snd ground tc powder, 3Jay rtjee tho iu-rb* to flavor a clam chowder. QUAKER LOVE AFFAIRS. George Books, one ci the founders ol j Irish Quakerism, while riding to Limer ick to woo a fair widow, fell in with an? other ricer bent cn t he same errand. ! His amotions on learning that he had a j rival were such '* that one af 1er another I the buttons of his waistcoat burst open." | Though he lost his buttons, it is satis- J factory to know that he won his bride. I Quaker love affairs have given rise to j many amusing stories. Thus, a well- j known gentleman of the past genera iion addressed au heiress on behalf of a i friend. ?.Friend J. H.," said the pretty and | wealthy Quakeress, "thy friend has no | chance, but if thee asked for thyself thee j might" .The hint was gladly taken. --- j THE DECORATION OF A ROOST' j Crude white is in favor with house, j wives for ceilings-4. it looks so clean.'* ? ( That is just its fault It looks so clean, I even when it is not, that it makes all ; else look dirty, oven though it may be clean. To paint tho fiat ceiling of j modemtely-sizedroom byhandissimplv j I a waste of labor. It is only at great j j personal inconvenience that one can | ; look long at it, while as a matter of fact j co one cares to do so. You see it cooa- ; sionaily, by accident, and for a moment, j and, that thar casual glimpse should not ? bo a shook to tho eve. it is we'd to tint it in accordance with the room, <rr oven . i cover it with a diapered paper, which ! ! wii! to some extent withdraw tho atteu- j I tion from the cracks that frequently dis- | i ugnre i he ceilings ol modem houses. 1 ,_ . .,. i 1 XMWZ nana-panitins: we eau aiicru mav 1 i best be reserved lor thc \ anais or doors, ! j kvmdow-ahuiters and the iil?c, where it j ! eau be se\-:i-those doors and the other I 1 ? ! I vrooa-wcr? being painted m two or three ? j S??dos ot colors, Hat or varnished, ac- : j ooivliug su; we prefer softness o? tone or ? j durability of surface. Perhaps it will ? bo bi st in this instance that tho wood- ? wi M k should fall in witto the tone >: ibo j dado ; but ibis is not a point on which j any rule can bo laid down. The decora- ! ? tion rtf the panais should bs in keeping ! J with the wall-paper patterns. It may be j j much more pronounced than they, bnt i J stiM it must not assert itself. One great j ! point in consideration in tho decoration j j ot a room is the relation, of tho various j j pat ems to one another. It may often I be as well to sacrifice an othenvise-ad 1 mirablo design simply because you can ? find nothing else io do with it. A single pattern, once chosen, will often control the whole scheme of decoration--Mag- ! azine of Art > PLEASANTRIES. A STRIKING affair-A prize fight. A PAYING business-The cashier's. A DEAD failure-A deceased bank? rupt WHEN is a man like a looking-glass? When he reflects. A NET that many aro anxious to get into-Tlie Cabinet THE weight cf the world-About twelve ounces to the pound. WEI is the letter "G" like the sun? Because it is the center of light EVERYTHING has to pay up sometimes; even tho little chickens have to shell cut. TEACHES-" What does it mean to say that a person takes tho palm ?" Boy " It means that he takes the cake." WHEN a man is latching pennies and loses cue, he reminds us of " Noah's weary dove," inasmuch as he is 1 cent out. " THIS is the kind of a cane brake thai I don't like,", was what Pompey re? marked when his master broke a walk? ing-stick over his shoulders, A Tr ZAN girl, having fallen out with her lovei*, sent him the following lines, which are expressive, ff not beautiful : There's a laud that is hotter Dun this, Where cover a coller win stand; Where j eople al": bubble <u;d blas Oh, go ?O casi beautiful iand. A KANSAS Judge has decided that a ticket to " admit one " is good for hus? band and wife. Gu this basis of reason? ing a child's ticket would s?dico for the average Sophomore class. A LITTLE girl, addressing her sister, a>krd, " What was the chdos pa was rey ding about to-day?" To which the .?t?erreph>d, "Twas a great pile of uocuing, and no place to put it in." F i CED was telling his mother about his dog Fido. " He just laughed fit to dil himself," said Fred. "My deas boy," interrupted his mother, "howcan a dog lasgh ? You mean that Fido was badda?." " No, indeed," Fred replied, quickly; "Fido was laughing with his feii?, for it wont wigglety-wiggiety," ?HI3 comes from Ghio : U"id?r this soi And andee these troes Lieth tbs bod yoi Solomon Pease. He is not >n tfc:s house, But culjhispod; Ee ??e!Ied oas his anal And weat np to hi? God. "How IN the world," asked a Galves? ton lady of a neighbor, "can I prevent my boy from stealing sugar out of the sugar-bowl. " " I kn ow how you can stop his stealing sugar out^f the sugar bowl," was the reply. "How?" "By simply putting the sugar ia the milk pitcher."-Galveston News, "How Din you like Europe?" "It's too splendid for anything !" was the re? ply. "And were you sick?'' "Yes, awfully sick." "And was your hus? band good to you ?" " Oh, he was too good for anything ! Just as soon as he found out I was sick, he went and drank salt water so as to be seasick in unison with me, and I'm not his second wife, ' either !" IN Iowa, a young man named Isaac Hood committed suicide because a young i'uly refused to marry him. Tba Coro? ner s inquest developed mitigating oir cumsiauees. It seems that Mr. Hood asked tho young lady if she could marry him, and she responded, "Ike Rood not'7 As 60on as Hood saw the point, lie ?cd with result stated. The young lady has not been arrested.-Atlanta Constitution. JIHMY TCFFBOY has issued a circular to the boys in the Mock, calling in his loans and retiring hi', circulation. He has had a " terrible time," thc boys hav? ing combined to prevent t^e maturing of hi* monopolistic schemes. But the mo? mo::* they began to feel his grip they M tumbled" and abandoned their "fund? ing-bill" project. Jimmy now controls tho marble market, tho boys having knuckled down, aud Iiis kite seems to ny higher than ever.-N&c Haren Reyustcr. RIOS AS FOOD, The value of rice as food is set forth by the Sanitarian : ?ice is almost the only diet of tho peo? ple in Chiaa, Ind?a and all Eastern countries. In those countries it is used ns a substituto fer potatoes. At the present low price of domestic rico, it is the cheapest food obtainable. Potatoes contain about eighty per cent, of water. do not gain much m the process o? cooking. Rice has np -.vacio whatever, eon iii:: 3 only twenty two per cent, of water, and hi filing ;iai?*s rune rimes its GriginaJ bnlir. ?enee, ene pound of .rice at sixaudono ;oorih cents per portad Blakes three t . : nos aa rAUch T% hes cooked ; eo^uai t > : iiit-e pounds e>i petAtccs at two aedone ?..if o? nts }K-r pound, er seven and cne ccu*??. Rice properly prepared should come :ipen the table dry, each grain unbrok r ::, and served with the condimentsused potatoes ; aud be partaken of as a var? iable, vviti: meats, ;:nd not as a dessert szsF av TUE OT in: r. MAN. One hight a burly Englishman, who i tad the faculty of exciting Carlyle to frenzy by talking shout O'Connell, caj?ttl ea him, and, after a little talk it the weather, at i: they went. It st Lot and heavy and a fierce and mor (. {, ? < contest Tea put a brief stop to ::, but :? soon begun again. There were > av?rai guest? present and Mrs. Carlyle I ut her loot on the Englishman's, im? ploring peace. He no sooner felt the pressure than ho screamed out; "Why don't you touch your husband's toe, M rs. Carlyle ? I am sure he is far more tb blame than I am." The whole company burst out laughing, including Carlyle himself, and to: was finished in compar*? ative tranquillity. IT is claimed that more rain falls now in Nebraska than formerly, and that this rainfall is mcreasing with . the march of settlement and consequent ! nltdvation. _