University of South Carolina Libraries
\ . / f(-t' 1 * I SOUTHERN/ 7WVCS OF INTEREST TO THE PL AN Tt \ SolUBindlnz Grasses. The "good roads" movement during the last few years has caused the buildof many thousands of miles of Q?J^^led country roads. In building roaus, in oruer 10 swurt; a muH grade it is necessary to cut HHgh hills and raise embankments w stretches. Such work is very H^^Ktly, yet in driving over these roads many neighborhoods we find that HHntbin a year after the building the ^^embankments are damaged by washing W to one-fourth or more of the original W cost This damage is to a large extent * inexcusable, resulting from ignorance or carelessness of those responsible for the preservation of the road after it has been built. We have a number of soil binding ^ grasses and legumines which at a comparatively trifling cost can be made to cover road embankments in a very short time, and which when once established will prevent damage by washing. Among such grasses we may name for the cotton States, Bermuda grass. Louisiana grass, red fescue grass and white clover. For more northern regions where Bermuda grass does not flour'sh we have Couch grass, red fescue, Ahnless brome, white clover, yellow tifefoil and many species of the Desiilwliums. Where the soil is very sandy, and for preventing beach sands from blowing over cultivated land, we must employ grasses specially adapted for such soils. The best of these are the Lyme grasses, Spartinas and Bitter Panic grass. The lupines are legumes likely to thrive on sandy soil. The best of these for this use is Lupinus perennis. All the plants herein named are hardy for the localities mentioned, and with careful preparation and fertilization they may be sown at any time of the year, or whenever the road is made. None of these grasserf or legumes should be sown alone, for holding the soil. Sow a mixture of all. including always a good percentage of legumes which in addition to holding the soil ?* will act as feeders for the grasses. Too much care cannot be exercised in securing good seed, since unless the seed 1s fresh and vigorous germination will be slow nnd much damage may be done before the ground is covered. -gr^Hie seed bed should be made ns fine ?s possible, nnd except in lime stone regions a coating of water slaked lime should be raked in before the seed is own. A good complete fertilizer containing easily soluble plant food should also be applied either before or just after the seed is sown. A good fertilizer for this purpose is as follows: L Cottonseed meal 800 lbs. \ Superphosphate TOO lbs. \ ^Muriate of potash. 500 lbs. Mix and apply at rate of COO to 1000 ^ pounds per acre.? Gerald McCarthy. Botanist. North Carolina Department ? of Agriculture. ^ponth n Corn Growln* Country. Two hundred and thirty-seven bushels of corn was grown on an acre in South Carolina, and the highest average for an entire county was grown In Issaquena County, Miss., In 1879. It is true that the average yield per acre is less in the Southern States than in the Northwestern States, but it is also true that the heaviest yields for a single field, or for a single county, have been made in the South. It has al iways been me custom iu im? ovum w jive the best soil and the best labor to cotton, because it was cotton that brought the money; and that the corn fields received only such care and labor as could be spared from the cotton, i Usually corn has been grown only for plantation use. To grow more of it .vrould be done at the expense of the cotton crop, a contingency that could hardly be thought of. and if by rea. son of a wrong estimate, not enough was grown for this purpose, it could 1*? bought with the cash received for the cotton. To grow pork for plantation use would necessitate more land and labor devoted to corn and would be an additional tax on the cotton, a thought repugnant to every old-fashioned Southern farmer who believed that the financial sun revolved around the cotton field, and that it was the duty of the farmer to keep himself in the light of its rays. It was considered a waste of time for a farmer io try to grow a large amount of corn on a small amount of ground when all! this extra elTort might be devoted to cotton. The result was inevitable that corn yields would average but an insigniflcent figure. And even at this day, when wrong methods are giving way to right on-'s, a compromise has been made in the case of cotton vs. corn, by planting more of the latter, v..* n?:ncr m#\?n nn/l hotter cultivation UUl frUAU J U.v.v ?v%?v. | to the former, so that the average yield of corn in the South is still ridiculously low. Land for corn should be deeply brohen early in winter and it shdn^-rot have gone longer than one' year without a croo of cowpeas. which ! .will mellow the soil in a manner and to a deDth nearly impossible to plow. Then after corn Is planted. It should be Curren* Events. A small fraction of an ounce of radium, properly employed, would provide a good light sufficient for several rooms and would not require renewel during the present century. President Elliot, of Harvard, does not believe that women can indulge much In athletics without injuring themselves, and condemns boating, patting the shot, and such violent forms of exertion for women. ' - . . ! r ' \ : r* - J l * ii safe* . ^ -y. v v, .. .... , JfOTES. S-g F/?, STOCKMAN AND TRUCK GROWER. given frequent, but shallow* cultivation, such as will leave the soil as near level os possible. And as a preparation for the cotton crop to follow and the corn crop to follow the cotton, cowpeas should be placed in the corn at its last working. Then if stable nn<1 If thrt CAl 1 ic (1p, uiuuuit* 10 uuuru, uuvi n iuc ovu uv flolent in potash or phosphoric acid, applications of kainit and acid phosphate are made, the conditions for heavy yield of corn are present?Farm and Ranch. Raising Males. The advantage of a mule over a horse is he can be taught to turn shorter, thus preventing the breaking down of vegetables or other plants. Ht can go in rougher places, is not affected by heat as badly as the horse, and requires less attention in the way ol currying, rubbing, etc. His feet being smaller, he can walk closer to the row of growing plants. , To make a good mule worth from $TiO to 5S0 at weaning time or 5140 to 5160 as a two-year-old, he should be foaled from a large mare in April or May. He should run with the dam until October 1, then be weaned. At this time he should be at least fifty-two inches. Put him in a large shed with plenty of light and feed oats, with clover and timothy hay. Too much core fevers the legs and produces scratches. The next summer he should have access to the pasture, with a little corn each day, until cold weather, when he should be brought back to the barn. At two or two and a half years old he should be sixteen hands high, fat, and ready foi market. When feeding, care should be given to keep out scratches. The following Is a good cure: Take equal parts ol blnestone, white vitriol and verdigris, grind together with parts of soapstone, mix with warm water until about as thin as paste, apply with a swab on the end of a stick about three times a week. Mule colts are no more troublesome than horse colts. The colts run with their mothers, but a separate pasture is required for two-year-old mules. Growing Protein For Dairy Cows. A recent bulletin by the Tennessee station treats upon the "Relative Yalut of Protein in Cotton-Seed Meal. Cow pea Hay and Wheat Bran." We will enumerate the conclusion of the experiment. Cottonseed meal is one of the richesl of protein foods, but it must be fed sparingly, as it has a tendency to pro duce nervous derangement of the cow's system. Only about half as much food is consumed in making a gallon of milk as in making a pound of butter. T>?._ -11 i- - f J. lit" aijuiiicsi itiiiuuiiL \jl iuunu.>B<. consumed in making a pound of but' tor was 43.S pounds, in which thirteen pounds of cowpea hay was substituted for four pounds of cottonseed meal. This was with a group of three cows, 'the highest amount of concentrates consumed for a pound of butter was by group 1, which took 0.2 pounds, 01 3.2 pounds more than group 3, and 5:2 pounds more than group 2. This shows that the substitution ol pea hay for wheat bran in group 2. and for cottonseed meal in group 3 greatly reduced the cost of concentrates. It was proved by this experiment that one and a quarter pounds of chopped cowpea hay was equal to one pound of bran, and three pounds of the chopped pea hay was equal to one pouud of cottonseed meal. Wintering Colts. It is a well-known fact, says the Texas Farmer, that horses and colts that run out In the winter thrive, providing they are provided with comfortable shelter nights and have a feed of good hay and a fair ration of grain. They are animals provided by nature with a heavy coat and are well adapted to withstand the rigors of winter. They will thrive better under a common sense regime than by petting and pampering. A successful Eastern breeder says: "The shelter should not be drafty, of course, but it should not be so nearly airtight that it will not ventilate itself on cold nights. The foul air in the close and warm stable is far more injurious to the colts and 1 -1 ???/* oli" nf nImnct LIUrSf5 111 till liirnu, j;ui v ?n v*. any low temperature can possibly be. Blanketing is oftener overdone than underdone. The horse standing in a blanket on a cold night may be seriously affected when the blanket is thrown off in the morning. If he stands blanketed night and day during the cold spells he will get into such condition that he will take cold easily when a draft hits him. Coddling is one thing the horse cannot stand. Cold weather coddling in particular is calculated to weaken him. Treat him on natural l'nes in the winter and he will respond by setting into and by remaining in good condition." A criminal is a man who is found out. Notes and Comments. The Mt. Hermon School, at Northfield, Mass, founded by the late D. L. Moody, has decided to found an agricultural department and ofTer courses cf instruction in that study. This step on the part of one of the large6t secondary schools In the United States will be of interest to those who are following the progress of secondary agricultural education. ' V-r. > ' A . - f i "v. ' ' - **' ,:fy ' A Mixnouri Iile*. . 1SS0URI is not usual! \ v-w- X credited with being alios o lY'I O of Iowa in anything. Hi >( Jr Missouri has been fir to discover that it is tl care that is given to dirt roads aft they are made that determines whet er dirt roads may be good roads. Tl , discovery was made in a very simp manner, as set forth in a bulletin tin the Missouri Board of Agriculture distributing among the farmers of tl State. After the same experience wii roads that Iowa has had. good a lltt while and theu bad a long while, was suggested by some one that : every farmer would keep up the rot i running past his own farm all tl 1" ? ..1^ ann? ho in I rUHUS HUUIU ovuu uw ?u (svv/u at very little cost to anybody. One < ! the farmers to net upon this sugge tion was D. W King, of Maitland, wl > with some ingenuity set about niakii a drag for himself, and it is this dn i that is the subject of the State board i bulletin. The bulletin describes it i > follows: The rand draw is very simply co structed. It is composed of two sp i logs, nine feet long, Joined togetb i with short crosspieces. After en< i rain the road should be gone over wi the drag, carefully smoothing dov i all high places and Ailing up the rul In the course of time the road so tres ed will become hard and Arm and. wi i a little attention after each rain, i > ways will remain dry and smooth. E periments have been made in eve: > part of the State, and on every kii I of soil with the drag, and it has bei found to be successful." i The Register and Leader takes plen r nre in presenting this Missouri id to its readers. It is the solutii , of the road problem for Iowa, and tl , only solution. Each farmer may n i wish to keep a road drag and to dri i bis own road, but every farmer oug i to be willing to combine with li neighbors to secure a road tend ( whose business it should be to ke i our dirt highways smooth and pass i ble. Every township in the Sta should have a man, with sufflcie teams and tools, hired by the year do nothing else. In one year nine o of ten of our dirt highways would t ' come so well hardened and so firm th no ordinary spell of wet weather won affect them further than to moist the surface. _ Even if Iouyi should secure macn ' amized highways, they would requi constant care. Why should not tl State provide the caretakers for tl 1 dirt roads that it will be compel! to have when permanent higliwa; [ come in??Des Moines (Iowa) Regist " aud Leader. k i ? A Dln^race to Civilization. i While the people of this count L have been expending their energi and means in contributing the be , system of railroads upon the enrt . flioro >in? hcum little Attention fftvi i to building highways according modern ideas. There has been no ad ; quate system for maintaining thei and their condition in this age of ge ' eral development and improvement I a disgrace to a civilized nation. It seems to be settled beyond arg ment that the public roads in th : country are to be improved. Arg ' ment is all on the affirmative side, ai i there is no opposition. The only quo ' tion to settle is of ways and meat ! and the attention of the people is b ing directed to national aid to roi improvement as outlined in the Brow low bill. In countries that are famed for the good roads their general governme is a large factor in their general ma agement. Nearly a hundred yea ago our national Government was e gaged In projecting ar.d building e tensive systems of public highwa; to develop the resources of the cou try, and probably would have conti ued such policy but for the raD growth of steam railway systems th; seemed better adapted to the nee< of the expanding business and the I creasing traffic of the country. Within recent years, through the D partment of Agriculture, the office < Public Road Inquiries was esta' lished and is maintained by year appropriations from the public trea 11 rv resulting in irrr.it trood in nromo ing road improvement, and there hf been an increasing demand upon tb office, not only for achieving aid, hi for material assistance. In responding to the peonle's on for Government nid there has bee made a safe and healthy beglnninj and it seems an pnportune time to <31 large and extend the work. retrifled Hat. About four years ago Charley Erwi paid a visit to the petrified forest < Arizona, and while there left a larg sombrero under the natural bridg near the falls, and in such a positlo that the water dripped ou it. One sid of the brim was pinned up to th crown, and therein was worked wit cord the letters "C. E." In this plac the hat remained until about a mont ago, when Mr. and Mrs. George Ru? ner were visiting at the place. Erwi gave them a description of the locatio of his "plant," and thither they wen and found the hat. A c mplete petr fication of the chepeau had take place. It was absolutely stone. Mri Ruffner brought it home with hei and now has it, regarding it as one o the choice curios of her many travel! ?rrescott Courier. - ' ' ? ? ?< .>i? 7 r~ The Alderney Breed. "The Aldemeys and Jerseyg are sa ? closely related and so much alike In appearance that the description given for Jerseys will apply to them. They * can be classed as the same breed, but bearing the name of their Island home. The main difference is thai the Alderneys are smaller and moro delicate, and for this reason are not ao much In favor." The above passage was printed in a !>' book which I judge Is in the hands 111 of many farmers throughout the country. When Channel Island cattle were ie first Imported to the United States. j'r and for a long time thereafter, both Jersey and Guernsey, and especially ,1(^ the former, were called by many peopie Alderney cattle. The Isi&ad ol ! Alderney Is one of the Channel group, j* and although the third In site 1? too ,(i small to export any cattle. It probJe ably has no cattlo except a few for it family use, and so far as records show none were ever exported from I there. The name may hare originated 10 from the fact that Alderney, having u a good harbor and being nearer England, all the vessels carrying cattle ,s_ or produce from Guernsey and Jersey 10 formerly cleared from the Alderney ,jr port before leaving the Islands for England. This may have given the [ s impression to early English Importers n8 that they were Alderney cattle, and the name co came to this country. n. The fact Is that there Is no such lit thing as an Alderney breed of cattle. er -h Tha Glory or California Scenery. ,n As long as there remains the love of beauty In the human soul, so long will the glory of California scenery tl, and that of the whole Pacific Coast, jj. prove a source of lasplratlon to the x- poetic mind. Descriptive verse hae ry been from the beginning a marked id feature of the literature of this re fu gion. in faet, the term "landscape poets" may be properly applied to thii is- bevy of song birds wmcn seemea ic ea the late Maurice Thompson to have on taken "complete possession of the lie entire Western seaboard." Suffice to ot say, that If a volume of verse were is written by a Callfornlan which re lit fleeted nothing of the state's scenic lis beauty or Its warmth of color, it er would not only come as a surprise to ?P most reviewers, but the loyalty of the a- poet might be seriously questioned While all this display of local coloi nt may seem too apparent an effort on tn the part of California to place upon ut, their work the stamp of a definite lo,e" j cality, and may be considered by i some cheap form of art, it is this '(* | very eensitiveness to the beauty and eu : grandeur with which Nature has cloth| ed the West that offers the most prom | l'se of Its rapid literary advancement re ?a sensitiveness, moreover, that will lie become more and more acute with ^ the cultivation of the higher facul ties through increasing educational growth.?Herbert Bashford, in the At or lantlc. Royal Taxidermist. Th? Oueen of Italy has nresented t< : one of the Italian natural histor: museums a fine collection of animal: ^ and birds, many of which she stuffei 9' with her own hands, which 6he gath ered during a yachting cruise in north , era waters. le 31 Ten British towns besides Londoi n- ??re larger than Dublin, which now ha is 245,000 people. JCdiuburgh beats Dub j lin by 57,000. u-1 lis FrTSoermanenttv cured. No flts or nervous U- ness after first dav's use of Dr. ^line's Great , NenreRestorer.%2t rial bottle and t reatlsef re1 1(1 Dr.R.H. Klihk. Ltd.. 931 Arch St.. Phih.. P i, 1S Japan hts 255 people to the square mile * China?usually considered the most dense! ,e" ponulated country in the East?has onl; id 230. n" I Nothing: More Dangrerons. mi '-~4-J " Jo n.U. f TV .1 man a. ncg?cwicu tuu^u, <a ????.. ~ ''r F. Hammond, professor in the Eclccti n* Medical College, says, "and as a prevents n" tive remedy and a curative agent, I cheer rs fully recommend Taylor's Cherokee Rem n* edy of Sweet Gum and Mullein. At drueeists. 25c.. 50c. and $1.00 a bottle rs n. Go right on doing right, at any cosl n? till death comes. So. 1. kl 7s * Hair Falls b- "I tried Ayer's Hair Vigor to !y stop my hair from falling. Ones' half a bottle cured me." it. J. U. Baxter, eraiawooa, ill. ts 1 is Ayer's Hair Vigor is Jt| certainly the most eco11 nomical preparation of its J1 kind on the market. A little of it goes a long way. It doesn't take much of it to stop falling of the 3 hair, make the hair grow, I i t? ... ?? aiiu icaiuic wuiui iu giay g n hair. JI.W a bottle. Alldnatta. | ? If yourdnijreist <*nnot stipplyyou/1 send as one dollar and wo will express I h yon a bottle. Be euro and give tbo name I of your nearest express office. Address, fl h * J'C* AY^R c0 'Lowe11- | a C* Dropsy 1 L J^K f Removes all swelling >n 8 to so n / days; effects a permanent cure - Aw A Injoto 6odavs. Trial treatment /mL w given free. Nothingcan be fairet 'rnhiWlTll Write Or. H. H. P'Mn'S Sons. f Seaeiallsta. Bex W Atlanta. fta **' ThoojsM's Eya Wafer *. ' .-iIk ' ' 'V' - * i?E&k<i>? - iMsfefSfe .fe-i ' < ' ' t . V" SISTERS OF Use Pe-ru-na for Cough! Catarrh?A Congres In every country of the civilized world mm! Sister* of Charity are known. Not only Dr. 1 i do they minister to the apiritual and intel- Th lectual needs of the eharges committed to man their caae, but they also minister to their The ' bodily needs. G With so many children to take care of have and to protect from climate and disease, bott these wise and prudent Sisters have found and I Peruna a never failing safeguard. bene i Dr. Hartman receives many letters from fronc . Catholic Sisters from all over the United of t States. A recommend recently received feel trom a Catholic institution ih Detroit, belie > Mich., reads as follows: cont full] 1 Dr. S. B. Hartman, Columbus, Ohio : disei ** ? l"Ti? ..Anm* nft^L vJkA near o?r.- 1>? ???? V Wv u ted the Peruna tcae suffering from Yh laryngitis, and lose of voice. The phya 1 result of the treatment %cae most Stati ' satisfactory. She found great relief, and after further uee of the medU medj cine we hope to be able to say ehe is If i entirely cured."?Sister* of Charity 1 The young girl was under the care of the full Sisters of Charity, and used Peruna for ca* be pi tarrh of the throat with good results, as grati . the above letter testifies. Ac Send to The Peruna Medicine Co., Co- Hart . Ask Your Druggist far a free Pi BEST FOR TH blood, wind on the stomach, bloated bowels, foul I pains after eating, liver trouble, aallow skin and di; ' regularly you are sick. Constipation kills more pe S starts chronic ailments and long years of suffering. CASCARET3 today, for you will never get wall a right Take our advice, start with Cascarets tod money refunded. The genuine tablet stamped C booklet free. Address Sterling Remedy Company, l^B^^Wf/TnipSE^OUI^OMAC^ ' I H IT la J/ Xo Cure Your Haadacho 7 Ta* CAT WD I? 7 1 Immediately? while you wait?and hu na bai Cures Colds A r. ^^^^Qolderr^ule ^ I of Agriculture: $ Be good to your land and your crop ' will be good. Plenty of (J Potash i in thefertilirerspellsquality f A*. J | and quantity in the har- . J , vest. Write us and , we will send yon, Vw'^'Pto'-' t'n free, by next mail, is our^money winning po GERMAN If A! J WPPIf? iWlmikW' Ca, " CROUCH ~ i W Marble and Granite Co. 1;' /rty\ ?MANVPACTUKKS OF? I... SpJ MONUMENTS, Vau U, fctatuary, Headstones, etc., ui any Granite or Aiaroie. (p Death Maakh a Specialty. n (?jy-Mention this paper.) ATLANTA, GA. I# i pAWMILLSSsI | * with Here's Universal Loa rfeams.Rectilin f #ar. Simultaneous 9ei Works and the Hea- muC ooeit-Kinflt Variable Feed Works are unex- C0Q] Voelled for aocukact, simplicity, dvcabii.- rftm SlTY ANI) CASK OPOPXEATIOX. Write for full k| KQj * descriptive circulars. Ma nifactured by the di.i PaALEat IRON WQRK8.\\ in-t<?n-8a,eiii.N.C. W fori be--t jal.-aWi M cutl WNUt AH tut FAILa. GT IghL 13BeetCooah ejrmp. futasGood. Um> M 1""* i " la 11 ma ftoid by druxgl.ta. W I _?m ^ ' x . "T* r, > -i Tvl? CHARITY fl#tl?l? fiwin AHft >9 UUIU9| wip a 111* email's Letter. ;|Mfo \f it MeS* ?<*E 11 >ua, Ohio, for * fre? book written by ttartman. e following letter it from Congrtee Meekison, of Napoleon. Ohio: Peruna Medicine Co., Columbna, 0.: lentlemen: "I > uaed several > let of Peruna j1 m 6ud &: VW# : l et catarrh i; ^ he head, and|>^^^> > encouraged totjBfaii ! that itaj[^^BA !? inued use will eradicate a i-WiflPnwr ; i?c of thirty 11 *31 ?' itending."-; | David Meekison. J: id Meekison. >%%%??%%??%?<>%%%j 1 . Hartman, one of toe beat know* iciant and turgeona in the United sa, was the first man to formulate Pe~ . It waa through hit genius and per* ranee that.it was introduced to the ical profession of this country, you do not derive prompt and aatie>ry results from the use ef Peruna, e at once to Dr. Hartman, firing statement of your caae and he wil) leased to give you hit valuable adriee it. ldreas Dr. Hartman, President of The :man Sanitarium, Columbus, 0. ? r? i nni Bruna Aimanau ror igut? E BOWELS ^ uieta, CANDY J I CATHARTIC pendicitis. biliousness, bad breath, bad noutb, headache, indigestion, pimplea, rzinesa. When your bo we la don't mora )ple than all ether discaaea together. It No matter what aila you, atart tali lag nd atay well until you get your bowvle ay under abaolute guarantee to cure or C C. Never aold in bulk. Sample and Chicago or New York. JM 1 Yith Naoaeoua Ceihajliea fE. It Cures I ieffects on the Stomach. IT IS tso,l0,23 *nd 50e FOR WOMEN 9^^ ! Boston physician's diI very which cleanses and als all inflammation of the mucous 1 imbrane wnerever located. [n local treatment of female 01s Paste is invaluable. Used as a douche it a revelation in cleansing and healing wer; it kills all disease germs which use inflammation and discharges, rhousandsof letters from women ove that it is the greatest core for ucorrhcea ever discovered. Paxtine never fails to cure pelvic :arrh, nasal catarrh, sore throat, sore >uth and sore eyes, because these Jr eases are all caused by inflammation the mucous membrane. For cleansing, whitening and prervlng the teeth wo challenge the >rld to produce its equal. Physicians and specialists everywhere .'scribe and endorse Paxtine, and thouidsof testimonial letters proveits value. \t druggists, or sent postpaid 50 cts. V large trial package and book of I itructlons absolutely free. Write I } B. Paxton Co., Dept. '2.' Boeton, Mm | So. l. IPSI6UM VASELINE (vcx dp ix collapsible tubes) ibstltate foraad superior to mnalard or otiier planter, and will not blister the itdeiica.e sjsio. 'i be yain-allayingand itiveqaalitiesoftliisarticlearewonderU will stoptb* toothac neat once, and are head acne and sciatica. Ha re co raid it as the best and safest external uter-irritanfknown,also asan externa) edy for pains in the chest and stomach allrheum*tlc,neuralgicardKoaiy comma. a trlsl will prove what we claim t, and it will be found to be invaluable ae household.Many pconlesay'lt lathe iof all of your preparations.** Price-** at al 1 d ruRKlhtc or other d ealera, or by lliigthlsamonnttonsln postage stamp* rill send yon a tnbe by mail. No article ild he accepted by thepuhllonnlessth* scarries onrlabel. as otherwiselt la not nine. CHBSRBROL'OH JttFQ. CO . 17 3tate 8treet> New Ib?e Cirr.J