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' ' - ' > THE CmiMTY RECORD. Published Eyory Thursday ? AT? tINGSTREE. SOUTH CAROLINA. ?BY ? G. W. WOLFE . Editor and Proprietor. Tho (nrniat-p of the Great Eastern "Was 10,300 below that of the Celtic, which has just been launched at Belfast. It will be recalled that the Groat Eastern failed as a moneymaker and was retired as being unwieldy. It was power that the former ship lacked. The latter has it in superabundance. and it is predicted she will be a success. S The work of removing the little "white sehooJhouses from the Iowa hilltops is attracting more attention just now than any other educational movement of the new century, states the New England Farmer. Advanced ?iliif>9tnrc nf Tnw.'l hnvp pome to the realization that the theory of a schoolhouse every two or three miles along the country roads is all wrong. The last legislature recognized the fact that some provision should be made for lesseniug the cost of maintaining eo many schoolhouses, and passed > . Jaws making it possible to consolidate schools and to engage in the practice of transporting children from long disP tances to school at public expense. i Writing in Cassier's Magazine. -.1lon 1). Adams shows-that the tin: i ripe for the advent of a new sy: :i of urban and interurbaa transpc." tioa. The object sought in each change thus far appears to have been a reduction in operating expenses as Avcll as an improvement in service. In the opinion of Mr. Adams electric vehicles embrace the necessary e!>>i mr-nts of the next in: pro verm nt in street traction. There is no comparison. of course, in the matter of flexibility of operation and freedom from the street structures. It is only a question of comparative cost. Mr. Adams shows that for a given daily rxOrv.lf ntlifirv t >1 It Ut.ltinTl tf> < 'lUCCR storage batteries for electric vehicles need only have one-fourth the < npacitv in generating machinery that is noccssarv for the operation ot a tram car system, an 1 would require no battery plant whatever. After computing the comparative cost of maintenance and operation Mr. Adams finds an unbalanced advantage of transportation with elrctromobihs. a saving about one-half of the entire first <o... ar..i also.o? one-half of the annual in t eve., charges of present street car systems. The increasing number of farms operated by tenants has been pointed out as a sign that the former owners were rapidly sinking into a state of tenancy through the foreclosure of mortgages. This has. however, been shown not to be the case by Mr. I,. (J. Powers, the chief statistician of the division of agriculture of the census bureau. According to the new census figures, the total number of farms in the United States has increased from 4.500.000 in 1800 to 5.700.000 in 1900, and those operated by tenants have increased between 40 and 45 percent, while those tilled by their owners have increased between 15 and IS parent. Ilotli classes have increased more rapidly thar. the agricultural population. which fait disproves the assertion that tne owners arc being degrade I into tenants. Mr. Powers states that it d:>< s not indicate the degradation of the rural population, but an uplifting that has raised not less than 100,0o0 families from the position of wage-earners to that of lessees of small or large tracts of tillable land. When a wage-earner, he states, in a rural community gets a little capital ahead he often begins to . look for a farm to rent and operate. . Those owners of farms who have laid l.v o v.?i>7r>,l "npst-.Ajr?" nr?? rift oil <i?J ? bvvwV - ora ? - ? willing to lease their lands and retire to the city to Jive on their income. The result is an increase in tenant farms, but i' is in an economic improvement for all concerned. If the tenant be successful he may be able ? to buy the farm in a few years. Mr. K< ckcfcllcr appears to have collided with the "Id query as to whether n genuine bu?incs- man can become a * ' ; v *t c,: :.ig to be a V k M'LAURIN ON_H Claims Himself a Discif houn and GIVES (IIS VIEWS ON QUESTIONS,! In Repiy to a Request That He Show Wherein He is Not a Republican? j His Democracy Defended. I A Bennettsville Special to the Coin. . bia State makes public the following correspondence: Florence, S. t\, June 3. 191)1. Hon. John L. McLaurin, Bennettsville. S. C. Dear Sir:?I have taken great inter- 1 est in the political outlook ami as a : I matter of instruction ask that you i differentiate between your views, and the views held by leading Republicans. Most of us sc-e no difference, but perhaps you can show some difference. If so please do it. as I am not inclined i to condemn you without a hearing. i Yours trn1}'. W. F. CLAYTON. ; Bennettsville, S. C.. June 4. 1901. Mr. W. F. Clayton. Florence. S. C. Dear Sir:?In your letter of June ; 3rd you ask me "to differentiate be- ) tween my views and the views of leadintr mft?f r>f lie: cop no difference.-' I am very busy at this ] time, but will dictate a few thoughts j as they occur to me in reply to your question. 1 do this with the more pleasure because you have been opposed to me politically, but show a desire to seek the truth. At the time of the adoption of the United States constitution there were1 several distinct plans of government proposed. Of these plans the fight; was made upon two; the Hamiltunian idea and the Jeffersonian idea. Alex ander Hamilton 'openly maintained j that the British constitution was the; ; most perfect instrument of its kind i ever in existence. He wanted ail laws , for the government of the States to Le I passed by the congress of the United 1 States. He wanted the president cf i the United States and the senators to' ; hold office during good behavior. He , wanted the governors of the States ap1 pointed by the president of the United i States and he wanted the Federal gov- ' I - ? ? * oocin,/-. ilol>!o nf tllf* j CI UUiCiJl IU aoouiuv uiv \iv./iu v*. v..w i statutes. He wanted a strong sena'e and a weak house of representatives ami openly proclaimed himself that that the people were incapable of se'fgovernuient. John Jay was sent as mia- j ister to England in order to malto a commercial treaty which would have. placed our commerce under the con! trol of Great Britain. The Hamilton , idea was so far carried out that he j : succeeded in preventing the incorpora' tion of a bill of right in the Federal j constitution. Under his leadership the ! congress imposed the excise tax which ! ' made the rich escape the burdens of: i taxation and placed those burdens; upon the poor. This brought about the, revolution in Pennsylvania and came ; very near disrupting the new republic. Thomas Jefferson forced the bill of i rights into the constitution as an amendment. As minister to France he succeeded in defeating the purpose of the Jay Treaty with England. Hamilton favored and Jefferson opposed the granting of monopolies, the establish ins of a United states nana. an i me assumption of the State debts by th? federal government. Associated with Jefferson were Madison. Monroe. Samuel Adams. Albert Gallatin. George Clinton, and Benjamin ("Franklin. As-; sociated with Hamilton were John Marshall. John Jay. John Adams and Pinckney. The Democratic party has been in continuous existence ever since ti;e adoption of the constitution while the Federal party o? which the Re- J publicans are the successors have passed through a number of changes. The Federal party, at first successful, finally committed suicide by carrying their doctrine of a centralized gav- | eminent so far as to pass the alien and sedition laws. Under this law the p:esident was authorized upon his own volition to expel frr.n the country any alien whom he might suspect as dan gerous to the peace an;i uoeriy oi mc I country, etc., this radical measure! created a powerful reaction. 'lite Democrats then remained In i power, almost without interruption tin- j til 1S60. During this time all the territory acquired by the I'nited States up to ISitS was secured except the ter-1 ritory of Alaska, and every foot of it: was encountered by the vigorous denunciation of the Republicans. During the entire time the Demo- j crats were the progressive men. They held to the p. in. iple that the people ' should rule but that the general gov- j ernment while keeping taxation at the i lowest rate consistent with good gov- ; ernment could expend the fund thu~ i derived for the good of the whole peo-j pic. In lSr.6 they favore 1 subsidizing the Pacific railroad. About the same time they started the subsidy to the j J Collins line of steamsmps neiwfni u:t-; 1 United States and England. Based J upon the prniple of ihe Jeffersonian ' commercial treaty with Franc?, they had concluded treaties with all the principal nations and those treaties a o still in for.". They had built up our foreign commerce rntil it excited the wonder and admiration of the entire world. They had under Ger.eial Jackson stopped imprisonment for debt. T: ey had fonc'-t * w.> sv e??f-:l vtirs I villi foreign nations. They tad 1S_ DEMOCRACY." )Ie of Jefferson, Ca!-| Lowndes. lichojl fi f]-.rnutrhoiit thf? World second to no nation on earth. They were fighting for principles of the lib- j ertv of thought and action and the 1 freedom of American citizenship. Ma:- , ters of internal concern, the leaders of I the party differed abo. t. Gen. Jack- I son was the first to make a reciprocity treaty. The next reciprocity treaty was made by Presid nt Pierce. John Randolph acting against thr 1 jailers of this party voted against the embargo act and was finally stressful in defeating that legislation. Clay, Cahoun. Oheves and Lowndes actively opposed President Jefferson in the matter o? decreasing the army. The first proposition of a protective tariff for the ! purposes of protection came f'.omj James Madison and Calhoun and Lowndes joined with Madison in its favor. The Federalists opposed prntec-1 tion. Clay and Calhoun favored inter-1 nal improvement and'Madison ve o d 1 them. Our great distinctive foreign i policy known as the Monroe doctrine was a Democratic policy. The Demo-1 <rats defeated the scheme of the Republicans to turn over Oregon and I Washington to Great Britain. The Democratic party has never yet, denied to any man within its lines th? privilege of free thought ann free speech. It has never yet failed to correct mistakes when it has made them, j It has lost no opportunity to build up > the merchant marine and op.it .ip our j trade with foreign port?. It opened up the Japanese ports when a'l of th nations of the earth had failed. The party has never been inconsistent. and yet it has never stultided itself by adhering to previous plufurms when the condition? which demanded them had changed, Until lSoG the Den ccrats had denied the power in the federal government to make internal improvements, and yet it was the first to advocate the great improvement of, the Pacific railroads and the \i<:aia-j cnian canal. in the matter of tariff it was a pro ' toction party under the lead?:.ship of James Madison: declared for fr e trade in 184S; for ' incidental protection" in 1SG8: a tariff for revenue only in i.SS'J and in 1SS4 the convention said. "Moreover many industries have come to rely upon the legislation for successful continuance, so that any change of law must he at every step regardful of the labor and capital thus involved. The necessary reduction a:; I taxation can and must he effect?'. without depriving Atnericln labor of the ability to compete sue C3sfitli/ with foreign labor and without imposing lower rates of duty than will he ample to cover any increas u cos; of production which may exist in consequence of the higher rate of uaqet prevailing in this country." In 1SS8 the platform still reogniz 1 that other things beetles revenue w. r. to be taken into account in flaming tariff legislation. It said: "Dur <stablished industries and enterpiisos should not he endangered. For more than half a century Democratic conventions condemnc 1 a national bank and finally support/id a metallic currency. In 18S0, 1884, and ixxx the Democratic oartv declared i.i favor of gold and silver and nape:* convertible into coin on 'demand. In 189U it favored the coinage of both | metals under an international agro>,! merit. In 1SS8 the Republican platform read : j "The Republican party js in favor of the use of both gold and silver as j money and condemns the policy of cat- j Democratic administration in its ef forts to demonetize silver." In 189- the Republican platform was identical in principle upon this question with the Democratic platform of, l^O. 18S4 and 1SS8. There have been protectl >n Demo- ^ erats ever since Madison and Calhoun favored the protection doctr.ne. T.tere j have been free trade Republicans troin the foundation of the government Such men as Samuel .J. Randall.John Randolph and John C. Calhoun always spoke freely and clearly whether or i not they were in accord wit.li the phi forms of their parties. The Deniocr.r.i.party lias always favored freediii of speech and action. The R 'publican ( party has always sought to to ' entral-1 ize the government as to carry out the j idea of Alexander Hamilton. The ])e:n- j ocratic party has been a party that j has had for its policy the greatest goo! to the greatest number while the R publican party as a party has believe.I' wjth Hamilton, its founder, it: b stowing benefits upon the few and only burdens upon the many. "I'ntil these I latter day saints." have lead the part;, into socialism, while as to expansion' and subsidies, the Republicans ha\ , taken advantage of the situation and' baldly got upon the Democratic platform. They are now' upon the currency question practically where the Demo-' cratfc party stood up to is3They are now advocating the reeiprocitv of Jackson and Pierce. Thoy are n nv advo-ating- the Democratic princip'et which is announced in the Democrat> ! convention of lSr>G in the matter of i building the Pacific railroad. They want to aplily that principle to osr foreign commerce. Whenever the Republicans are forced to abandon their own policy they take up Demoa ?ti pr>:i-!?r. and th? Denircrnts nr.* ns!;?"d to opp ge t.c.s.- Dcnccra p.11 -i.a !.<? Jt ' i nilse lhey have been adopted ly the t Republicans. | c The Democrats of this country mu.-t1 \ stand together and restore their par'? ! i to the power which was thirs. They ( cannot do it by condemning that which * ] is good because the Republicans en- ' i dorse it nor can they do it by going off t after strange and unsound pdic.es in < order to secure some votes which ; might otherwise be Republican. Tne < fight of Hamilton and Jefferson :s still t on in This country and will be until it J j is fought to a finish. Either wa will 1 have an aristocracy or we will have a republic. If the Democrats are to dis- ! card their fundamental idea of the lib- 1 erty of the individual and freedom ef 1 thought and action by refusing to ! recognize as members of their party ( those men who have always fousht its ! ! battles in the p. st. but who in th-5 ! ] present believe tEat some of its por- | vies are not the policies of ibc true : j Democracy. The true Democracy is a j progressive party. It progress. > as no ] other party ever has done and thr na tion prospered by reason of its wisdom I and Rs administration of public af- 1 ralrs. in cannot pro per if it is *o op. ; pose the extension of our forc'gn ' trade, the creation of new markets, 1 the upholding of our commercial and j industrial interests, and the freedom j of the individual. If the Republican party, the record of which shows it to have been a party forbidding the free exercise of speech, concentrating the , wealth of the country in the hands of , a few, burdening the people by ercc?- | r.ive taxation, and conducting public 1 . affairs for the. benefit of private < iti- , zens; if that party is to be allowed to turn its back upon its re.-osd and by adopting the progressive features oi' the Democracy, become the party of I progress, then the Democratic party having allowed its opponent to appro-, priate its principles can no longer l.ve ] I believe that the Democratic party does not exist for the mere purpose of opposing whatever the Republican party may suggest. I believe th ,t i: lives as it has lived in times pas* f r the purpose of adopting that v.khvi i> right aiul discarding that whhh iwrong and conducting the affairs of State so as to make ail men equal under the law. (Senator McLaurin dwells at l'-ngth upon the money question and it; nur1 est does not warrant giving full space in these columns.) He s.:"i ;n nan: There is not a iine i:i any Dem > cratic platform fixing the ratio of silver and go! i prior to UOt!. There is I ' not a line in any Republican platform : 1 advocating or opposing the ratio of. 15 to 1 or any ratio. There were' i strong men in the Democratic party j in favor of the free coinage of silver; ; ] there wore strong men in the Republi-' , ran j arty in favor of the fr c coinage ' , of silver. lh- Republican party' adopted the lirst free coina ;? plat- j ' form. Although silver was bomonitizod by Republican legislation in'1 l.xTo. the onlv objection to ;'nat act ; made prior to earne from the; ' Republicans who had " parse I the j mintage act under whit 1: silver was domonifizeJ. What did these m< n find when they reached Kansas City? They fouu I ' western delegations in which not a 1 single man had been a Democrat in 1 Those iron demanded a reiteration -of tiie 1G to 1 plank of the Chi-! ( rago -platform. The proposition was . made to them that they could have !>o:h cnu ii lates, and they could have ? any planks they wanted which a'e not socialistic or anarchistic ami all the Democrats asked was that their j party be preserved by maintaining f its reputation as a safe and conscrva- tive organization. John W. Daniel of Virginia, as thorough a believer in the free coinage of silver as any man in \ his party and one of the grandest ] characters in the United States Senate. worked like a beaver day and ( night to try to convince these western 1 delegates that their policy was sui< i-: dal. Governor Smith of Maryland' ( told them that the Democrats, could carry Maryland without that plank and could not carry Maryland with j 1 it. ; t The old line Democrats declined to ? be driven from their party by a man ; who during ten years of political life I had been a Democrat, a Populist, and | | a socialist. The only office which' ( William J. Bryan ever held he was ; elected to by the Populists, it being j impossible for the Democrats to j secure an election in that district. He 1 acted with the Democrats in Con-1 z gr^ss. hut distinctly stated that he was ; not bound by a Democratic platform. 1 f Senator McLanrin quotes me con- i gresslonal directory to shw that Charles A. Towne advocated by Bryan < for vic? president, never ran for office t until elected to the Fifty-fourth con gress as a Republican, against Melvln , R. Baldwin, Democrat, and Kirtel Hal- ^ r. 1I.? , " vursun, rupuusi. When a party of men are willing to see their party go down in defeat it: order that one issue may he maintain - i) ed they either believe that this i^sue : ' lies at the very foundation of all gov- l' ernment. or else they have some nits-, rior motive. ? * ? j The south produces no bullion. It fv would have no need for maintaining ' a reserve iu the* east such as woul! ' he created lor the benefit of the west i by the bullion. All of its contracts would be gold ; v contracts. Kor all of its money it jj would I e dependent upon the east and j be com pell, d to pay whatever rati s , the eastern I anks saw lit to charge. "J Then a part of the same scheme was ; f to prevent the Democratic policy cl'; the repeal of the tax upon State ; banks, in order to prevent the south- a ern States from having any circula- f ticn medium whatever for local pur-, po-;e.~. The west -would.'have its sil \c- c- ;r liaafs tnf o:?tain!n*r iho v.. ' !? aa! lie ...:t wiuld conii ! tte ^ . 1 J 4 * i be Kouth woultl be prevent? I from vm having paper, anu woum ue iin !er the absolute and complete and perfect control of the cast ami west. iYhen I made a fight in the house for he repeal of the in per cent. tax. Mr. Bryan voted against it. and I invite . our attention to his utterance at this imp, which fully confirms what 1 say. Congressman Bailey, or' Texas. < ne of he ablest men in the United States, ailed my attention to this sinister atlitnde of Mr. Bryan at the time. The trouble with the south has always been its clinging to traditions ind its lack of practical wisdom, in preventing the- other sections from imposing upon them by underhand means. The couth is solidly Democratic. for nowhere in the world is there a greater iove for freedom of speech, liberty of thought ar.l action ^ in! absolut" justice. whiclt are tne foundation stcn- s of the Democratic * party. But thee were asleep in 1?H<> und 190') and totally ignorant of the reasons fur this new issue Loing forced upon them. It was in the Democratic platform and they therefore voted for it# Now it behooves them to consider why it was m that platform, and they will learn, that instead of being Democratic it was a counterfeit to be spurned and cast aside. The south should now take advantage of the fact that it controls ? the Democratic party and see to if. that tho e principles of justice and ?quality which lie at the foundation of Democracy are not again departed from and that no scheme for the enrichment of anv section, for the benefit of any other section, shall ever again be incorporated into - Democratic, platform. * **<' Yours respectfully. John Lowndes McI.au: in. Railroad Formally Transferred. Rome. Ga.. Special?Deeds w.up filed here conveying the Chattano iga. Rome fr Southern read to the Central of Georgia. The Central also recorded a mortgage to the Standard Tr.t.-tt Company for 82.100,000. covering the Co ??,i r,ii_ I jij.'i - ami .-wu.ii.iu, a...? ng due in 11T.1. AH the offie'-rs of the r Id road will retain places Fhrough trains wiil (;;? r.itr-d beore long between Chat'.anoo x and Sa? rannah. One On Or. Watson. The Ilev. Dr. Jolin Watson i' Ian Mac'.aren 't and others, ai.e.rd!ng to :he Congregational is:.- recently dined with W. S. Caine. M. R ilr. Cain? o:'ered to give C?0 to a hospital faml hrough the man v. *. should make the jost pun on his name within five r.iinites. Brains cogitated for a while, and f :hen. just as the time was about to expire and Mr. Caine thought he was to - 1 * V .T ape, .lulin v. ais ?n sum: uru l u<n such a hurry, Oaine." Even this idntlllating gem seems to have Leo a ather dear at $250. Newsy Notes. Seven hundred Boers attacked Wil- owmore. Cape Colony, an !. according \ o British report.:. v.ev beaten off aier nr::o hours' fighting. It is feared iu London lha' the rerut fight at Vlanfontein, in the I'ransvaal. was much more disastrous . iti-i;'iti.Mi the War O.iico a ill admit. A French soh'.'o " was killed and 13 "rench. Pritish. Japanese and German oldiers were wounded m an affray at Tientsin. The President has signed the commissions of a number of re ently-procoted naval officers. The exports from the United States o Spain are increasing rapidly. Viscount Katsura has formed a new Cabinet in Japan. In the French Chamber of Deputies H. des Tournelles do Constant alluded 0 the "American peril" as a nearer 1 C*?...?r.A <bon I V? o "VP! lfVW lUUfcei lo fjiuui/c i.. jeril." Sir Alfred Hickman, teplyirg to -onl George Hamilton, severely < riti ises American locomotives ami iridges. English capitalists are r.po t ?d to ie about to get control ot' the Missouri :ine and lead fields. United States Senator Albert J. teveridge. of Indiana, arrived in St? 'eterslnirg. Over 70 persons are reported to have leen burned to death in a forest fite on lie Isthmus or' Tehuantepee. The trial of .Mrs. Josp hine Woodniry's suit for $170,000 damages from , lies. Mary Ka!<er G. Eddy was tesumed n Huston. Marsall P. Ewell, LL. 0.. of Chicago, ias called as a handwriting expfrt in be denfen.se of I)r. S. J. Kennedy, Iiarged YVItn [lie run rue; u. tuiuuf. hub teynolds in New York. The Evangelical Lutheran Synod oted that the Foreign Mission Board ictP'l in good faith in declining ro rev urn Rev. X. E. Yeiser as a missionary o India. The National Woman's Suffrage C:>nention took a firm stand against the uvmncition tn spEreeato vice in el ties. It is reported that a $20,000,000 cominatlon of wholesale shirt and <. liar Inns is to be effected. William II. Newman, president of lie. Lake Shore Railroad, was. t-1 *. ted iso president of the New York Co t:al tail road. The Internationa! Associati 11 o' Ma' inisrs in annua! sesih.n in 'j. cn.o.