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SUBSOiLING OF LAND IIcv; PicdoiDiit Clay Soils May DIossoni as ilie Iiose. ? PivCr, NEWMAN GIVES HIS VIEWS In Response to an Inquiry He Writer. Intercs.ing y Concerning the Value of Subsoil.ug. ? r)i?rliutnn Wire mill J r Spartanburg, Special.?While wat hIng a subsoil plough going ucwii intc the hard-pan a few (lays ago it occureJ to your correspondent that Prof. Newman could give us some valuable information as to sufcsoiling and the permanent improvement of lands. He was asked a few leading questions, which he kindly answered. So well suited is the information given that your correspondent put :t in the shape of a Christmas gift to the farmers of the State w.th the compliments of Prof. Newman. Every suggestion contained in the communication is mos: valuable to the farmers who have clay lands. The correspondent can bear testimony to the fact that a pair of mules, weighing 2,000 pounds, will break anv of the Piedmont or rea ciay ianus sia to ten inches deep according to the depth of the top soil. If there is nothing to turn under there is no need of one plough following another. One team, one hand and one plough will do the work in a most satisfactory way. COL. NEWMAN'S LETTER. But here is the Professor's letter: Clerson College. Mr. Charles Pet y, Spartanburg, S. C. -^Dear Sir: In response to your inquiries of the 11th inst, I have been laboring for thirty years for the promotion of better methods in our Southern agriculture and through this tHe Increase of intelligence and prosperity of our farmers. Your first question as to the necessity of deepening and more thoroughly pulverizing the soil before planting strikes at the root of the matter. The most important thing for in Jn (a tr\ e?v?U"-<j jrnrut tf?X VUC iai UiCI IV UW IO VV ?vv%? V 0 ? ^ ? ture through the agency of thorough tillage. Without this much labor In the planting, fertilizing and cultivating the crop is done In vain. There is an old saying, which is especially applicable to farming, viz: "One bad job makes another." If good texture is not secured before planting we are apt to have poor stands of weakly plants, poor cultivation and small crops. If the soil is broken only a few inches in depth, and even thLs much not pulverized, there can be no storage of ' * ! 1 ? Hmnohf moisture against a. oumiuw but serious risk of surface washing upon rolling lands, since the comp el 6ubsoil or hardpan resists the downward penetration of the summer showers, the small amount of broken soil soon becomes saturated, and the water which should sink into the subSQi' flows off on the surface. This is the season for deep ploughing and subfoiling, while Jack Frost, the best pulverizer, Is rendering efficient aid. Walk over the fields now and observe the mellow condition of the surfafce, and notice that the clods which were ' " v tlllo rro. lost anrl n <T ieit inruug u puvi uuat^ .v yrumble under the foot. The surfp.c? ?eing pulverized by the frost present! little resistance to the plough, and hence the same team can pull the plough one or two inches deeper than It *1ll be able to do after the baking rain? and dtying winds of March. * One or two inefces of the ai'bsoil may ' be turned up now with advantage, since the frc6t will pulverize it and mingle it with the soil. If this is done in spring the portion of the 6ubBOil turned up will bake into clods and remain so during the summer. Every tiller of the soil should learn as his first and most important lesson the value of a deep soil, thoroughl> pulverized, to admit a free penetration of the air and circulation of moisture. rendering the penetration and multiplication of the absorbing root surfaces possible. This simplifies and facilitates all subsequent operation in producing the crop. There is another old saying which is applicable here, viz: "Thorough preparation is half cultivation." Thorough preparation and shallow cultivation should be our motto. WHAT FERTILIZER IS NEEDED. As to your question about the "amount of phosphoric acid and potash is the first ten or twenty inches of our Piedmont clays?" I have no source of accurate information. Prof. Bailey, in nf AerirnltJira " savs: * "C * ? ..Q r ? "Roberts calculate^ from many analyses that in average agricultural lands the surface eight inches of soil on each acre contains over 3,000 pounds of nitrogen, nearly 4,000 ppunds of phosphoric acid and over 17,000 pounds of potash." Much of these essential elements of plant food is locked up in insoluble compounds. By thorough tillage, admitting the oxygen of the air to which the fine particles of soil are exposed, by allowing an abundant absorption of mois ture to dissolve the mineral plant food liberated by the chemical action of the oxygen upon the insoluble compounds, and by incorporating organic matter Into the soil there will be le^s need of artificial fertilizers, and those aplled will prove more efficient. THE VALUE OF PBAVINES. 3d. "The value of peavin.es as a fertilizer" and "comparative value of root* and stubble and the vines." Analysis shows that a moderate crop o; pea vines contain feit.ilztng I ingredients follows; Pound3. Nitrogen u: the vines ;v- acre. .] 15.34 Niitovea in roots *n 1 r tub hie per acre 7.70 Total per acre 123.24 Phosphoric acid i:i vine-* p:r acre 39.03 Phosphoric arid in recta and stubble per acre V.I' Total per acre 45.93 i Potasli in vines pre acre ^S.T.- jj I'Oir.Sil in rwui r-mu -C >>v. acre 13.!:' Total per err? 1 2."91 i It must 1:? rrmtn Icicd that pea j vines gather the phosphoric a hi ar..! potash from the .soil and su' sal. jv that we can only credit them ! that part of their contents of nltrcrrcr. which they get liom the air. We vj no means of knowing how niiuh they got from that scarce.-. WHEN TO STOP SUB3CIUXG. | 4th. "Hew late in the spring should siusoillng continue?'' Fall and winter ' r.re the proper seasons for subrclling. i.nt ?? tt*. v be done in spring, provided the sub-oil is not brought to the surface. it can. however, be much more j easily done at the proper season, but i better late than never. Only lands which ha\e either a compact subsoil or a hard pan are benej fitcd by subsoiling. i 5th. "Should land be turned when | there is nothing to be turned under No; but gcod fanning will net have ! lands in this condition. I? land.,. left naked during winter after clean cultivation they will be Injured by i the loss of nitrogen and by surface washing. Such lands should have rye j or some other cover crop sown upon I them in the fall. This cover crop will j prevent the surface washing, and take i up the nitrates ana no. a mem. 10 ue | ' turned into the soil,in the spring.?J. S. Neman, Professo of Agriculture, OFFICIAL POPULAR VOTE. ! How McKInley's Popular HaJ ritj Stood in i8q6 and 1900. Returns from the forty-flvc States ! of the Union, gathered from official sources shew that President McKinI ley's defeat, of Bryan was far grc-atei j than in 1S9G, when his plurality was 1 only 601,854. In 1900 the Republican 1 plurality over Bryanism was 864,S16. 1 In 1896 Mr. McKInley's majority of the total vote of 13.S23.87S was 286,I 180. This year It I3 479,864 of a total. | of 13,907,280. Bryan's popular vote for this year was 6.35S.446, a falling off over 1890. when Ills popular vote was 6,502,923, of 144,479. Mr. MeKlnley's popular vote in 1S9C was 7.104,779 and this year it is 7,223,272, an increase of 118,493. The following table, compiled from official State returns, shows the vote , on the two leading tickets: McKis- Pryan, ley. Alabama 53.609 96,26$ Arkansas , .. 44,700 81,142 California 164.755 124,935 Colorado 93,072 122.733 Connecticut 102,572 74 0T10 Delaware 22, 39 18,558 'Florida 7,499 ^o.uui * Georgia 35.035 ?l.70C ! Idaho tf,m 29.414 , Illinois 5?>7,965 501,975 ! Uidiana 336,063 C09.5S-S Iowa 307,818 209,466 Kansas 162.077} Kentucky 226,801 234, Louisiana 14.233 53,G7r j Maine 65.435 36,822 .Maryland 136,185 122,238 1 Massachusetts . . . 239,147 157,016 : Michigan 316,269 211,685 I icinjRt 119 ctm Mississippi 5.753 51,706 J Missouri 314,093 S*'1.913 'Montana.. , . u .. 25,373 37,146 ! Nebraska 121,835 11^(13 Nevada 3,SOS 6.322 , New Hampshire. .. 54,7^8 35,489 New Jersey. ... 221,850 164.839 ' New York 821.992 678,386 North Carolina.,, . 132,997 157,736 North Dakota. . .. 35,89-1 20.519 j Ohio ' 543,918 4"4,882 i Oregon 46,294 33,067 j Pennsylvania. . . . 712,665 424,232 , Rhode Island 33,784 19,812 South Carolina. . .. 3,579 47,233 . South Dakota. . . . 54,530 39,544 j Tennessee 125.362 147,691 j Texr.s ... 130.641 207,432 I Utah 47.0S9 44.939 'Vermont 42. 12.S4S i VlMTifllu . 1 7 1 ?1 HS.17P Washington 57,436 44.S33 West Virginia. . . . 119,706 9S.G37 Wisconsin 265,866 159,235 ; Wyoming 14,482 10,164 Total.. .. ...7,223,272 6,33S.44G This year the Prohibitionists polled i 207,368 votes; the People's Pa.vv, 50,192; Social Democrats. 94,552, and the Social-Labor ticket, 33,450. In 1S96 the Gold Democrats got 133.424 votrs; prohibitionists. 132.007; Social-Labor. Z(j,ZY4, ana iNaiionaiusis. A Sailor's Tragic Death. Savannah, Ga., Special.?The Norwcain bark Piazza, which arrived at quarantine Tuesday, brought the body of Fearand To'e on, a young sailor, who cn Friday f 11 from the mizzen rigging during a gale at sea and was instantly killed. His head struck a deck house and the skull was cruched. ! His father, the ship's carpenter, wit| nessed the fatal fall. The body wa? buried here, trapped In a Nonreigas flag. ARP STUDIES HAZING LV>e!.]?:;:onis at West Point Watched by Bartow County Man. i;e sees no reason for it Vlditary InstituteShould Be Aboiishe.! "f Haz.ng Isn't Stopped, He . cys. A:p ftudies Hazing. : v.. hazing business at West Point pr:-;>:cxes mo. I've been trying to p'..io-cphJze upon it and and a reason ? * ! ?? * ?.o n ?</^+ If ic m A.:i hril 1 v'l Ii, UUl ( UliilvJt. k t AO bat^ UiVACb !/ %?'a! and senseless thing that young ricn calling themselves gentlemen were c.cr guilty of. The evidence already submitted has shocked the nation, and if it cannot be stopped the nation is ready light now to abolish the institution. It is a disgrace to humaiity. But what concerns me is to fi.id a plausible reason for it?an excuse or a palliation." The hazers say that it is o try a young man's metal, his courage. That is false, of course, for it requires no metal or courage to stand guard over a, dead rat or march alongside a turtle or terrapin. The whole course of treatment is one of devilish cruelty and insanity. We are told that some of those hazers were considered very good, klndhearted boys at hone before they went to that lunatic asylum, and henoe it must be that association has deranged them like it u?d for awhile at Yale and Harvard and other northern colleges. A crowd of boys away off from home influence will do what no one boy will wisn or dare to do at home or abroad. I had a dog on.ce who was faithful and kind? a good watch dog and fond of my children. I owned a flock of sheep and he protected them, bitt when other dogs from the neighborhood came after him In the dead hour of night and gave the sign he wou.d go with theaa two or three milee and help to kill a seroe of sheep and be back at his post on the piazza by daylight. I would not believe it for a long time, but the neighbors came and found wool in his teeth and he had to be killed. I reckon that's what the matter with those good boy hazers. They have got wool in their teeth and to my opinion, they ought to be treated like the Frenchman did his dog. He wanted to break him of sucking eggs, so he hung hteri by the hind leg3 to a limb and let him swing for a day or two. A neighbor said: "Why don't you hang him by the neck and let him choke to death?" "No. sare," he said, "me hangs heem by c!e legs to geve heem time to tink vat a tam rascal he vas." Tlose hasers ought to be hung by their hind legs mtil they had time to repent. The catalogue of cruel ind ridiculous things that tho.re cowards inflict upon a freshman is .'earful. Some of them are unfit for publication. I say "cowavcls" because it is a maxljn that, a cruel man is a coward, jf'tney re*il? wished to test a young man's metal err courage why don't they shut him in a room and go in one at a time and fight him fist and skull. They are cowards, that's all. They wouldent figl'.t a Philippine hand to hand. They will graduate cowards and smell the battle from afar, and let the privates do the fighting. They are of the same bretd as General Mi';eo> -who p^t the mauades on JefTerson Davis and tried to lie out of it He won his spurs in Cuba by getting on top of a hill and crying, "Beef, beef, beef." He reminds me of Patrick Henry's great speech during the first revolution, in which he scarified a man for crying beef, beef, while the patriots were fighting for independence. I have but little patience with the modern West Poiter. General Otis U a fair sample. He whipped the Filipinos every day before the election. Pay and proaiotion. is their soie ambition. They are a stuck up swell s.t and would establish a military monarch if they dared. I see that eome fellow is defending General George C. Thomas and "Black Jack" Logan in a New York paper. Well, I know all about them. I have now in my possession a letter written to me by Thomas in which he denounces us all as traitors and guilty of treason and says that treason embcdics all the crimes in the decalogue. A dozen of our Rome boys and girls had improved a tableau performance in the city hall to raise a little money to pay for replacing pulpits and pews in the city churches. The sacrilegious vandals had gutted the churches and used the pews for horse troughs and the churches for storage o. corn and oats. One of thft scenes in the tableau was a battlefield after the battle and an old confederate flag was lying down on the floor. For this they were an arretted and the play Droken up. A a I was then the mayor of tue poor little wartorn town I wrote a respectful letter to Thomas asking for hair release, and asserting thai no disrespect was intended. He condescended to please them, but scarified us and all the south in contemptuous and contemptible language and warned us that a rebel flag was the most odius emblem of treason and must not be exhibited In public nor harbored in private. Well, the Light Guards have got the old banner yet and show it when they please. I had not forgotten that In 18 4 two cavalry regiments were organized and added to the United states army by Jefferson Davis, the secretary of war, and that Thomas was a major in ooe of them and of the fifty-one commissioned officers thirtyone were from the south, and of these there were twenty-four who joined j the confederacy. Among these were . Robert E. Lee, Albert Sidney Johnston. Joe E. Johnston, Hardee, Vaadorn, Kirby. Smith, Hood and Fitz- ; hugh Ivee. What a galaxy of traitors 1 wad there. But Thomas was not i among them. If there was any trea- | son he was a traitor to his state. As for Logan. let the old veterans of Vin- , cennes tell. Saw a re-cent letter from one of them narrating how he tried to ' raise a regiment in Kentucky to fight 1 on our side, but could not get but three sickly companies and gave it up. But I forbear. Let me stop a while ( and give my indignation rest. It it was not raining I would go out and 1 dig some or chop some wood. God-on'?-m. Counfound' em. But I was considering this hazing business?this drinking tabasco and jiepper sauce and going through contortions until the poor victim faints or has convulsions. The dictionary calls it physical persecution, and George W. Curtis, the editor of Harper's Weekly, denounces the whole system as a brutal an(| contemptiblo denial of fair play. And yet it Ls allowed a>v? winked at by the offtcc/s in cnargo and no doubt the Investigation of the Booz case will all blow over and end in smoke. I wonder If our southern cadets join in it. We have never had any hazing in southern colleges that I know of. I remember when the sophomores and juniors used to play some little tricks on the freshmen, but they were not cruel or dangerous. I remember when young Whatley came to Athens from Talladega, Ala., with his father's wagon and camped out at night while on the journey. He was a country boy and hpd on a suit of home made jeans outside and plenty of grit inside. One evening after study hours the sophb and juniors combined to scare the freshmen who were timed and green and homesick, and so one big fellow pretended to take laughing gas or ether and after sucking a while * 11 - ? - V. m n n i'n /wt 1 an/1 on a nanriKercuiei uc gvi uouibuu <uu threw his arms about in a wild frenzy and distorted his countenance?sudj denly he drew a big, long butcher I knife from his bosom and the knowi ing ones shouted, "Run, boys, run; he's got a knife," and they all ran exi cept Whatley. He boldly stood his ground and seized a good sized etone and as w.e crazy boy got within a few feet of him and was brandishing his knife young Whatley let fly with the stone and knocked the breath out of him. We thought he was dead and a doctor was sent for in a hurry. That was the last trick played on the freshmen while I was in college. Whatley never put on any airs about it, u... he took first honor all the same and became colonel of a regiment during the war, and, I think, was killed in battle. I wish we had some southern Whatleys at West Point. After all. it is the officers of an institution who mold the character of the boys and as,that man Mills can't mold it he ought to resign. I was I greatly gratified to read that President I Hariy, who is at the head of the Agrt I cultural ana fficvikuuvm w<m J *;,Qere taere are iw stula.nts, made a request o/ them some | months ago that they wouji smoking, and all of t'^rflfsaid "yes, wo will?we Anything you ask nr. to do." And since then not a cigar ! or cigarette has been seen in that I splendid institution. Those young | men are gentlemen, and we are proud 1 of them?Bill Arp in Atlanta Constitution. Telegraphic Rriria. I The recent cipiure Of Helvetia, in I the Trasnvaal, was due to the fact teat the British were surprised. The common council of Giiiaha, Neb., has offered $25,000 reward for the arrest of th6 Cu^ahy kidnappers. . Mrs. Carrie Nati.n, the Wichita, Kan., temperance crusader, has been caugui 1U 4U<UUu.mv. Tho strike of stemmers of the continental Tobacco Company. at Louisville, Ky., has as;umed serious -proportions and if- ev ected to spread. Steam r Wrecked. St. John, N. F., By Cable.?The crew ' of the British steamer Ivydene, Capt. Milburn, from Hamburg, December 15, for Wilmington, N. C:, which went ashore Tuesday night, during a storm at La Marche, arrived here Thursday afternoon. One man was drowned. ! Twenty of the 27 survivors were badly frost-bitten. The steamer broke up Thursday. Nothing was saved. Most of the crew are Haitians or Sweedes and they were panic-stric-en. New York Gambling H vuses Closed. New York, Special.?The Evening oovc* "With the end of the IClOgiuui dh/M, century Mayor Van Wyck took steps j towards puting an end to gambling | ai.T as a result practically every gam1 ing roeort in this city is closed. The mayor ordered that this be done and Chief of Police Devery promptly obeyed the mandate. He issued instructions to his captains Monday nigh: and t-U keepers of the various establishments were given the tip that this time there was to Im no footing." A GREAT FAVORITE. She?The rarest fish, I believe, Is the ribbon fish. It is an inhabitant cf the great depths of the ocean. He?I suppose the inermaids are verj partial to this specimen.?Yonkerf , Statesman. ' % A Va uab.c irv-ution. According to the Electrical World W. S. Burnett and W. Ii. Coodhal, of Milwaukee, Wis., are the inventors of a device which permits the calling of finy subscriber or. .1 party telephone line without disturbing the other subscribers on the earre line. The apparatus is called the multiplex telesig. It is said to be possible by the use of the new device to maintain on one circuit telephone service, station signall [ng or. railroads, pclico and fire signalling. mesenger service. etc. A number of submarire mines mny be placed in lircuit and any of them exploded withaut affecting the others. THE FATE OF THE PICTURES. When Marius Dahlgreen, the artist, /eft for Nome some time ago to seek his fortuue In the gold fields he decided to take a vkriod supply of paints and canvas with him, so that, should the nuggets fail to materialize, ho might put in his time profitably Immortalizing the picturesque scenery of the new mining camp with his brush. These dreams were shattered, however, when D&lilgreen's party landed at Port Clarence, for on attempting to put together a small boat with which they had provided themselves, It was found that the dishonest?or only careless?shipbuilder bad forgotten to include the white lead in the boat's fixings. How to caulk the seams without It at 80 miles' distance from Nome civilization was the question. At last the Goth of the party suggested the artist's paintbox, and with tears the sacrifice was made, the "land --i. ? 4 It a scape or ine iuiure ucvuiauu^ ms insensate seams of the little craft. It was perhaps owing to this treatment, however, that the tiny boat escaped wrecking during a 28 days' Journey through the recent terrible storms from Port Clarence to Nome.?Argonaut. SODA WATER FOUNTAIN IN ENDLAND. It would be difficult to find a more peculiar American Institution than tha soda water fountain, or one which would act as a more immediate and powerful reminder of the scenes with which he is familiar in his native land than the marble-faced, many-fauceted and nickel-resplendent structure which is one of the numerous device* by which the American citizen tempers the fierceness of the periodical "hot wave " Hence the introduction of tlie soda water fountain into ureai Britain, as referred to In a recent report by the American consul at Birmingham, may be regarded as a notable Instance of the interchange of ideas and customs between this (Country and Great Britain which ia -growing more marked every year. T* seems that in a wind? ** : . ? : - or a "ehemisf B hi Birmingham there was ex-. bibited during the summer months a sign advertising various sodas and phosphates. The profirjijA who is ertioted as ''aTKcifb'fpris^^Bman who Is rend.v to try new thing^^aa proved his rountain to be a striking success. It seems that an American soda fountain syndicate has taken up the matter of these hot weather necessities in England, fnd a number of cities now havo fountains in successful operation, ; The Resomblanes. % Jackson?The baby's getting mors like its mother every day. Johnson?That so? Jackson?Yes; it's learning to talk.-* Indianapolis Sun. To Cure a Cold In On* Day. Take Laxatit* barmo Qoixin* Tablml All druggists refund the money if it fails to eurei E. W. Gnova's signature on eaok box. 25c. The champion oarsman should know tha rowed to success. So. 2. Cures Asthma Do you know what it is*to have the asthma? Or have you ever seen one suffer with it ? The hard struggle for air, the spasmodic breathing, the nights spent in the chair, all tell a story of terrible suffering. Ayer's Cherry Pectoral certainly cures asthma; also bronchitis, hoarseness, weak lungs, whooping-cough, croup, winter coughs, night coughs, ana hard colds. Three sizes: 23c., 50c* 5140. If your drjggVrt oanooi loppty yon, i?nd nt oao dollar aad wo wlU cjjwosi a iarjro botti? to yon, all efcargo* proralri.I5? roro and tlrw no yoer nwreit tijuoti ofllca. Addreu, C. ITU 00* LowoU. Sua.