University of South Carolina Libraries
THE DARLINGTON HERALD VOL. I. DARLINGTON, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 1891. NO. 44. CHURCHES. Pbbsbyterian Church.—Rev. J. G. Law, Pastor; Preaching every Sabbath at Hi ■- m - and 8 p. m. Sabbath School at 10 a. m , Prayer Meeting every Wednesday afterno on at 5 o'clock. Methodist Church. - Rev. J. A. Rice, Pastor; Preaching every Sunday at Hi a. m. and 8 p. m., Sabbath School at S p. m., Prajer Meeting every Thursday at 8 p. m. Baptist Church.—flev. G. B. Moore, Paster; Preaching every Sunday at Hi a. m and 8:30 p. m , Prayer Meeting every Tuesday at 8 p. m. Episcopal Chapel.—Rev. W. A. Guerry, Rector; H. T. Thompson, Lay Reader. Preaching 3rd Sunday at 8:30 p. m., Lay Reading every Sunday morn ing at 11 o’clock, Sabbath School every Sunday afternoon at S o’clock. Macedonia Baptist Church.—Rev I. P. Breckmgton, Pastor; Preaching every Sunday at 11 a. m. and 8:30 p. m. Sabbath Schcol at 3:30 p.m., Prayer Meeting every Tuesday evening at 8:30 o’clock. COUNTY OFFICERS. Sheriff.-W. P. Cole. Clerk of Court.—W. A. Parro.t Treasurer.—J. E. Bass. Auditor.—W. H. Lawrence. Prorate Judge.—T. H. Spain. Coroner.—R. G. Parnell. School Commissioner.—W. H. Evans. County Commissioners.—C. B.King, W. W. McKinzie, A. A. Gandy. }3rofc00tonfll €nrbs. w. F. DARGAN, ATTORNEY’ AT LAW. Darlington, C. H., 8. C. Office over Blackwell Brothers’ store. E. KEITH DARGAN, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Darlington, 8. C. N ETTLES & NETTLES, ATTORNEY’S AT LAW, Darlington, C. H., S. C. Will practice in all Stale and Federal Courts. Careful attention will be given to all business entrusted to us. P. BISHOP PARROTT, STENOGRAPHER AND T Y P E-WhlTER. LEGAL AND OTHER COPYING SOLICITED. Testimony leported in short-hand, and type-written transcript of same fur nished at reasonable rates. Good spelling, correct punctuation and neat work guaranteed. Office with Nettles & Netties. c P DARGAN, ATTORNEY AT :- LAW AND TRIAL -JUSTICE, Darlington, S. C. Practices m the United States Court and in the 4th and 5th circuits. Prompt attention to all husineas entrusted to me. Office, Ward’s Lane, next to the Dar lington Herald office. DARLINGTON MARBLE WORKS. DARLINGTON MARBLE WORKS. DARLINGTON MARBLE WORKS. -ALL KINDS OF— MARBLE MONUMENTS, MARBLE MONUMENTS, Tablets and Grave Stones furnished a Short Notice, and as Cheap as can be Purchased Else where. HF” Designs and Prices Furnished on Application. fy All Work Delivered Free'on Line of C. & D. R. R. DARLINGTON MARBLE WORKS, DARLINGTON MARBLE WORKS, DARLINGTON, S. C. FIRE! FIRE! I Represent Twelve of the most Reliable Fire Insuiance Compa nies in the World—Among them, the Liverpool and Lon don and Globe, of England, the Largest Fire Campany in the World; and the /Etna, of Hart ford, the Largest of all Ameri can Fire Companies. ty Prompt Attention to Business and Satisfaction Guaranteed. F. E. NORMENT DARLINGTON, 8. C. Office between EdwarA, Normcnt & <?o., an 1 Joy A Sanders’, A SUMMER SONO. Ah! whither, sweet one, art thou flei— • My heart ot Mayt In vain pursuing I am lei A weary way. The brook is dry; its silver throet Rills song no more, And not a linnet lifts a note Along the shore. Will thou return?—I ask the night, I ask the morn. The doubt that wounds the old delight , Is like a thorn. Ob, come! I lean my eager ear For laughter’s ring; Briug back the love-light cool and clear— Bring back my Spring! —Clinton Scollard, in th» Century. How She Wore His Ring. BY MANY KYLE DALLAS. “What is the matter with you, Frank!" said I; “I never saw you look so sulky before.” “Sulky!” Frank repeated, “I’m in trouble, and you have no sympathy for me. So much for friendship.” “Good heavens, Frank!” I cried, div ing into my pocket and producing a well-tilled pocket-book. “I had no idea—tell me how much you’ll have. If there’s not enough here I’ll draw a check. The idea of keeping it from me, when you know that if I had only a dollar in the world I’d share it with the friend who saved my life—and an ungrateful wretch I’d be, too, not to do it.” “Ob, put up your pocket-book, Jack,” said Frank. “Can’t you thiuk of any other trouble in life but want of money! Y’our ancestors have rolled in gold so long that I suppose you think the rest of us beggars. There, I know you’re a k'nd-hearted fellow and my friend, but I’m not out of cash,” he laughed. But in a minute more his face was as gloomy as ever. “Tell me what it is?” I said. We were sitting on the bank of the river fishing. Frank had come out to our place to visit me. We had been at school together, and just as we were about to graduate, Frank saved my life. I sha’n't tell you how, that would be another story, and I want to talk about this affair just now, but he saved my life at the risk of his own; was laid up for six months, and always limped a little afterward, and I vowed eternal gratitude, so did my parents. We all adored him, and we had been very intimate ever since. He was twenty-five by this time, and an artist. I was twenty-four, and as Frank often said, “disgustingly rich.” He was usually the merriest fellow alive. I don’t want to convey the idea that Frank was a sickly cripple. He was a very unusually handsome 3 oung man, and his little limp only made him what the ladies call interesting. It was quite in his favor with them, and I noticed that when he was intent on making a conquest, he limped more than usual. But as gracefully as possible, you may be sure. He made a great many conquests. For my part, my weakness was not the teu- “Why, Jack, old fellow, all the wo men like you,” said I. “You're suro to get her if you try hard enough. They're often like that, I'm told—coquette with a fellow till the last moment.” “Oh, she didn’t,” said Frank. “Shs accepted me at once—yes, at once. It was love at first sight with us. I mot her at a dinner. I took her and her mother, or maiden aunt, or somebody in a cap and eye-glasses, to the opera. I met ter by accident, and walked with her. I asked her if she could love me, and she said, ‘Oh, yes.’ We were en gaged. I almost ruined myself to buy a cluster diamond ring, and we bad der passion, and I rather laughed at his affairs of the heart. “I suppose it is a girl,” I said, after a pause. He looked up at me with his loug-lashed, gray eyes, for I sat on a rock some distance above him. . “Jack, I don’t believe you have ever been in love, or ever will be,” he said. “Oh, I like the girls well enough,” I said, “and no doubt when I am older I shall marry; but I don't think there's any of the ‘Amanda Rosamanda, the world would be a desert void without thee' sort of thing about me.” “I don’t believe there U,” said he, in a tone that did not make the remark sound li ,- o a compliment. “But, Jack, that sort of >Lijg, laugh at it as you may, is solid fact after all, aud hearts can break, and lives be shattered,and fellows go to the dogs because a woman ” He broke down. My arm was around his shoulder in a moment. the happiest winter that ever mortals lived through. Our wedding-day was fixed for October. Her father promised all sorts of amiable things, and I was font enough to kiss another girl. She rather dared me to do it—you know the way some girls have—and by the most dreadful ill luck Jenuie saw ms; and, look here.” He took something from his pocket and held it out to me. It was a ring— a cluster diamond. “She sent that back last week," he said, ‘ ‘and I’ve wanted to die ever since." And he rolled over on the grass and hid his face. “Oh, go and make up with her, Frank," said I. “I’ve tried," said Frank; “she won't ( speak to me—she won’t look at me. She sends my letters back unopened. No; it's over, and I shall never be good for anything again.” He seemed to mean it. “She's gone to Washington,” said he; “and they say an old Senator is miking love to her. She'll marry him; I know it is out of apite, but she'll do it.” “Go after her,and cut him out,” aaid I. “I start to-morrow for Mexico—a business engagement, signed and con tracted for. I’m to do the sketches for i work on a certain part of the country, •>il I hope I’ll never come back,” said Frank. I never saw any one look so desperate. “Frank. ” 1 said, “if you really are at mad about the cirl as vou say you are. I’ll promise you to go after her myself, force her to be reasonable, and coax her to make up with you.” “It’s impossible to do anything of the sort,” he replied; “but if you could— my God! if you could, I would lie down at you feet and worship you!” “As I'm not a Japanese idol, or any thing of the sort, I sha'u’t ask you to do that,” said I. “I owe you a little debt of gratitude, remember. I’ll go to morrow, and you can depend oa hearing good news.” He shook bis head. "Y’ou’re a dear, good fellow,” he said. “I don’t believe any other fellow living would do so much for a friend; I don’t indeed. And, Jack, look here, I shall be down in Mexico soon, you know. Write to me, but don’t mention her un less you should perform a miracle. Then —then—oh, good heavens! telegraph to me; send me those words, ‘She wears it,’ and I’ll fly through fire and water, or, blood, to her side!’’ “Wears what, Jack?” I asked. “Oh,” said he, “I felt as though you could rqgd my thoughts. This ring; take it with you. If she ever says, ‘I’ll forgive him,’ say, ‘then put this ring on sgain.’ And when she does—’’ “All right,” said I. And he kissed the diamond, and put it in a little box and transferred it to me. “And now her name and aldress?” “You don’t even know what?” he cried. I did not tell him that he was desper- itely in love with another girl when we last met. He was in real trouble and I did not think it right to joke with him, snd he wrote the lady's name; “Jean nette Donald,” and the hotel where her people were stopping on a card, and said again: “No use, Jack, no use, she said she would never trust me again. Shcmeait it.” A week from that time I was ic Washington, and Frank on his way to Mexico, aud I had called on Mr. Donald on a business matter, concocted by my father to help me out. Dear old dad was as deeply interested as I, and I had thus been regularly in troduced to Miss Jeannette. She was a beautiful blonde, with golden hair and violet eyes, and the sweetest smile, and a little, pmsive way that made me fancy that she regretted Jack. But I was very artful. I laughed and danced with her, and walked with her, and talked with her, and made her ac quaintance very thoroughly before I ever mentioned Fraqk. At last one day 1 said' “You know Frank Ludwig, do you nol, Miss Donald? I've heard him speak of you.” “I was once slightly acquainted with Mr. Ludwig," she replied. Her tone prevented me from saying any more just then; but as time went on, I was more and more determined to do what I had.promised. The old senator had been in the field when I arrived, and I had been obliged to—well, to appear to be very much ir love myself, in order to drive him away, and he had said some very biter things about “young puppies” before ho van ished. But now he was paying his ad dresses to a young widow, who appeared on public occasions dressed principally in bugles, and leaning on his arm in the tenderest fashion. In fact I worked hard for Frank’s sake to keep other fellows awsy from Miss Donald, and to make her like me, and feel that I was a friend, and I had just got myself firmly into her good graces, when with a horror which I»have no words to express, I suddenly discoveref that I had fallen in love with her myself. Yes—in love, and in what I had once laughed at as the “Amanda Rosamanda style.” It was not a joke, but a serious truth that I felt that “the world would be a desert void” without Jeannette Donald. You see it was the first time I had been so much alons with a beautiful girl, and she had been so sweet to me, snd she was the realization of my ideal of womanly beauty, with her golden hair and heavenly eyei, and —a thousand other things. However, I was not a false rascal. All that made no differencr, I had come to Washingtou to work for Frank, and I would do my best for him. Conscious as I was of my own feelings, I dared delay no longer, and that very evening I took my way ta Mr. Dosald's house, determined to plead for Frank as though he wore myself. She was alone at the piano, playing softly when I entered their private parlor. §he hqlci out her hand to me, I took it, and could not help holding it a little longer than I ought. “Miss Jeannette,” I said, “I have a confession to make. My acquaintance with you seemed to come about almost accidentally; but the truth is, that I came from New York on purpose to know you.” “Is it possible?”said she, blushing like a rose. “Yes, indeed, Miss Donald,” I said. “I asked you once if you knew my friend, Frank Ludwig. He who used to talk so much about you. Oh, Miss Donald, you are so sweet, so fair, you look so gentle. How can you be so cruel!” “I cruel! I do not know what you mean, Mr. Leslie,” Jeannette cried. “When a woman has won a man’s heart, is it right to cost him away—to doom him to despair,” I said. “My pur pose in seeking you out was, from the first, to ask you to put this ring oa your finger.” I was about to say "once more," when a hearty slap upon my shoulder startled me. “Come,come,” said Mr. Donald—he was a man with a loud voice and a Scotch accent—“come, come! You've been very sly, young folk, but I was the same myself in my time, and I’m not sure ra object.” “ We've not been sly, papa, said Jeannette. “Jack has never said a word to me before.” *• rut It on, lad,’’ said the old gentle- man; “put it on her finger, and my blessing on ye both,” What could I do ? I put the Hug on Jeanette's finger. Nothing else was possible. The old gentleman left us together, her head sunk on my shoulder. I have often wondered since what she thought of me, for I never uttered another word the whole evening. As soon as I decently could I got away. I adored her; I knew that I should be miserable without her, but I could not play the part of a rascal. Having stolen Frank’s diamond ring and given it away might have been rather bad, from a detective’s point of view, but I did not think of that. It would seem to him that I had been false, cowardly, treacherous, and had won his Jennie after promising to make all right between them. I could never tell Jennie the troth after all she said to me that night, things that would have made me the happiest of men, if I had dared to be, aud as walked homeward I decided to shoot myself and end it all. I could write a letter of adieu, explaining all to Frank, telling Jennie how I loved her, telling my parents that without honor life was valueless. I had a pistol in my valise at the hotel. Well, the sooner it was over the better. I was in an undescribable state of mind, for I loved life, and I saw it bright and glowing before me—but for my lost honor. As I entered the hotel, I turned and gave a last look at the long, beautifnl street. Before morning my eyes would clrse on the world forever. “There’s a message tor you,” said the clerk as I passed his office. I turned and took it. It was from the city of Mexico, from Frank, of course. I tore it open, these were the contents. “Don’t go further with that matter; I’m married.” So I was when he next heard from me. —Family Story Paper. How the Forty-niners Lent ■ Hind. Men pocketed their pride in Califor nia in those days. I met in the mines lawyers and physicians, of good stand ing at home, who were acting as bar keepers, waiters, hostlers and teamsters. An ex-judge of oyer and terminer was driving an ox-team from Coioma to Sac rnmento. One man who had been a State Senator and Secretary of State in one of our Western commonwealths was doing a profitable business at manufac turing “cradles,” while an ex-Governor of one of our Southwestern States played the fiddle in a gambling saloon. These idlings were hardly remarked. Every one went to the Slope with the deter mination to make money; and if the mines did not afford it, the next inquiry was what pursuit or business would the sooner accomplish the desired end. Thousands who ha I not the necessary stamina for the vicissitudes of a miner’s lilc, nor yet the means of going into any of the various channels of trade, were for a time compelled to serve in capaci ties far beueath their deserts, until time and means should justify time in choos ing for themselves. — Century. Som; Odd Comparisons. A railway train, at a continuous speed ”1 foity miles an hour, would pass from the earth to the moon in a little more than eight months; to the planet Venus, io seventy-one and a half years; aud would reach the suu in two hundred and sixty odd years. A ray of light will pass from the moon to the earth in s trifle over a single second; from Venn! to the earth in a little more than two minutes, and from the sun to this little sphere of ours in about eight minutes. If this same comparison were applied to ihe fixed stars it would be still mort startling.—St. Louie Republic. A very handsome spoon seen recently wss of gold with a handle deei^ned jo open work. THE TELEGRAPH. HOYY A GREAT INVENTION HAS GROWN. Morse's Systeu Has Been Developed to a Marvelous Degree—The Unit ed States Leads the World in the Extent of Lines. Noah Webster defines the telegraph as “an apparatus or a process for commu nicating intelligence rapidly between distant points especially by means ot preconcerted visible signals representing words or signs transmitted by electro magnetism.” The apparatus for per forming the requirements of this defini tion was invented in 1833 by Professor Samuel Finely Bresee Morse, an his torical painters. The first telegraph line constructed in the United States was from Washington, D. C., to Baltimore, Md., a distance of forty miles. This line was completed and opened for business May 27, 1840, Professor Morse himself transmitting the first telegram. There was little or noth ing done toward promoting the advance ment of this new art until in 1854, when it was taken up by several capitalists, and lines were pushed rapidly forward, the line of wire reaching out to San Francisco. “The overland route” was subsidized by the Government by the act approved hy Congress June 16, 1860, to the extent of $400,000, or, $40,000 pei year for ten years. The line was built hy Hiram Sibley, on his own account, though he was at that time President of the Western Union Telegraph Company. The line was completed during the win ter of 1861-2, juft at a time when its use was indispensable to the Govern ment. In 1848 it was discovered that the dots aud dashes of the alphabet could he readily distinguished one from another by the peculiar tap of the embossing pen of the register upon the paper band, thus enabling the receiving operator to perforin his duties with greater celerity aud exactitude than by the old method, which was promptly discontinued. Sev eral telegraphers, among whom is ex- Governor A. B. Cornell, of New York, now a director of the Western Union Telegraph Company, claim the honor of having been the first to receive a dispatch by sound, and from this fact it would appear that four or five operators made the discovery at about the same time. Up to 1872 but oue telegram at a time could be sent on a single wire. In that year, however, the duplex system for sending simultaneously two messages, one in each direction, on a single wire was improved and reduced to practice by Joseph B. Stearns,of Boston. Stearns’s improvement on the duplex made pos sible the quadruple for sending four tele grams, two each way, at the same time on a single wire. In 1887 Thomas A. Edison introduced his phonoplex sys tem for using an independently induced current as a circuit. To-day, by combin- ing the quadruplex and phonoplex sys tems, five telegrams, two one way and three the other, can be sent on a single wire at the same instant. The modern electro-magnetic telegraph is based upon the very same principles as the original. It is applied, however, in a more convenient manner. Instead of the clumsy register and unwieldy circuit breaker of 1844, which weighed in the neighborhood of 200 pounds, we have at present the neat little office outfit which might be carried without inconvenience in one’s coat pocket. The growth and dcvelopcment of the telegraph during the last three decades has been marvelous. The following figures will serve to give one a general idea of this development and of the tremendous volume of business handled hy the largest companies: In 1866 the whole length of telegraph line in the United States was less than 40,000 miles, with a mileage of wire not exceed ing 80,000, and there were less than 2400 offices. In 1890 there were 800,- WO miles of wire and over 34,000 offices, the Western Union Company operating 650,000 miles of wire, working 19,000 offices and handling over 60,000,000 telegrams a year. The Postal Telegraph Company owns 55,000 miles of wire, has 1600 offices and transmits annuity 6,000,- 000 telegrams. About fiity smaller com panies have a total of 8000 miles of wire aud carry annually about two hundred thousand messages. One-third of all the telegraph lines, one-half of all the tele- graph wire and one-quarter of all the tele graph stations in the world arc within the United States. No better example of the devclopement of the telegraph than the Chicago office of Western Union can be mentioned. In 1866 seven operators found it rather difficult to keep them selves busy. A toy switchboard with fifteen strips accommodated all the wires running into the office and 200 cells of gravity battery were sufficient to supply every circuit. To-day 550 telegraphers are required to work like Trojans; ten fifty wire switchboards are necessary for the mam line wires alone, and nineteen electric dynamos,driven by three motors, two of fifteen and one of ten horse power, furnish the electric currents. The length of tbs submarine cable systems of the world is 120,070 nautical miles, and the oldest cables now in opera tion between Europe and America are those of the Anglo-American Telegraph Company, founded in 1854 hy Cyrus Field, The story of the several attempts to lay a cable in 1857 and iso a is too well known to bear repetition. Yet it may he stated that the first cable between Valencia and Newfoundland was com- lilcted August 5, 1858, hut ceased to work September 1 following. This calamity, coupled with the losses caused by laying the cable of 1865, wrecked the Atlantic Company and resulted in its amalgamation with the Anglo-Ameri can, then organizing. The first cable for the new company was successfully dropped from the Great Eastern in 1860. The Atlantic Telegraph aud Cable Com pany (Western Union) has two cables from New Y’ork to Laud’s End via C'anso, Nova Scotia. The total length of those cables is 6789 miles. The Commercial Keeping a Razor Sharp. Men who shave thcmsoivcs often com plain of the difficulty that they experi- *f ce in keeping their razors sharp, says i , barber. If they would adopt the methods of the professional barber in one or two respects they would find the task of keeping the razor in a proper condition by no means a difficult, one. If you watch an amateur stropping his razor you will notice that when he turns it the edge is frequently next the leather —in other words, he turns it on the edge. This should not be done, ai the fine edge is likely to touch the strop and be turned. A barber always turns his hand so that the back of the blade is next the leather and the edge in the air. Again, a man should never use a strop made of leather glued to wood. A great many arc sold, but all are destructive to razors. There is always more or le 3 s of a shock wnen the thin blade is brought against any unyielding substance, and the entire edge is frequently turned up ward along its whole length. The worst cuts are inflicted by such a razor. Tho strop should be of leather, with no backing whatever. Another point that is little understood is the efficiency of hot water in keeping a razor blade sharp. YVhy this is I do not know, but the ef fect is unquestionable. Let a man who shaves himself frequently dip his raz >r into very hot water and be will flu I that the operation is much easier, and that the blade requires far less stropping tli-m when this is omitted.—G&Jz-XfeTDsmf. Cable Company (Postal) owns two caoies, one from New York via Wa‘yville, Ireland, to Havre, the other frox. Boston via Waterville to a point in England near Bristol, a total length of 673-1 nautical miles. The total length of the ten European-North American cables is about 23,009 miles, aud over 10,000 messages daily pass between the two con tinents.—Chicago Herald. The Sparrow., For the common house-sparrow, distinguished from the so-calldd hedge- sparrow and the tree-sparrow, nothing can be urged in its favor. Destroy them utterly, is my advice. Experience lias shown that their ill-advised importation into Australia and North America has wrought incalculable harm to cultivated vegetation.*The bird is a grain and vegetable feeder for at least three-fourths of the year, seeking insects only when leaf buds and cereals are not available for food. Sparrow clubs should be en couraged in every village, in order to check the undue increase of tho species, which, by the way, breeds at least three times in the year. In connection with these sparrow clubs, it is somewhat curious to note that the authorities iu some English country parishes have from time immemorial paid the lads at the rate of four a penny for killing these birds, and have, moreover, purchased eggs. And some kind of sparrow seems to have been considered destructive io Syria in ancient days for we are expressly told that “two sparrows were sold for n farthing.”—Macmillan'$ Magatine. Boston’s Famous Ginkgo Tree. No tree scarcely except the Washing tou elm at Cambridge is more famous than the ginkgo tree near the Joy street gate on Boston Common. Dr. Holmes celebrates it and others have often men tioned it, but its name is often mis spelled “jingo.” It has never shown signs of fruiting, but Carden and Forest says that the Japanese ginkgo tree docs sometimes bear fruit; that a tree planted in the grounds of the Military Academy of Kentucky produced fruit several years ago, and that one of the trees In Central Park, in New York, is now fruitful. A iree in the garden of Charles J. Wiitar. at Geunantown, Penn., now about forty years old, bore a few fruits last year for the first time. The fruit of the ginkgo is somewhat similar to an olive, with a 1 large, hard nut surrounded by thick oily flesh which soon becomes rancid aud is very disagreeable. The kernel of the nut, however, has a delicate almond-like flavor much liked by tho Japanese, who use great quantities of these seeds as des sert fruit. Au experiment was made the other day on a railroad train ruuniog from Rome to Frascati with a new combustible prepared from lignite, rich deposits of which have beoa found in Italy. Tar combustible was invented by Signor Si- pori of Siena. Of tho new fusl 337 ki’.- ograms were used, doing tho work of 300 killograms of coal. The discovery is expected to prove a valuable one, as it will do away with the necessity of the importation of coal. The new f uel makes a light smoke. In addition to the fuel, lignite also yields a brilliant gas. CURIOUS FACTS, Electric light illuminates Jerusalem. A Ukiah (Penn.) man incubates 24,000 eggs at a time. Oroville, Ala., has a “boneless boy,’ who is unable to stand. Hebrew women, on an average, are said to live longer than those of any other race. The highest railroad bridge in tho United States is the Kinzua viaduct on the Erie Road—305 feet high. The oldest known journal of tho weather was- kept by one Walter Merle, a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, England, during A. D. 1337-44. The Michigan penitentiary has a class of fifteen in telegraphy, originated by one of the prisoners. Each convict pur chased his own instrument by working overtime. Joshua Atkins of Deadwood Hill, Penn., has a curiosity in the shape of a pig. It has eight legs, four ears, and two tails, lacking only auother head to constitute two pigs grown together. It is the intention of the owner to place the little wonder on exhibition. Russian journals report that since their marriage the Grand Due Michel Mekal- lovitch and his wife, the Countess de Merenburg, have taken the names of Count and Countess of Love. This ro mantic appellation is the literal transla tion of the name of the Romanoffs. The ways of the auctioneer in differ ent parts of the world vary greatly. la England and America the seller bears the expense of the sale, but iu France tho purchaser bears the cost, five per cent, being added to his purchase. In Holland it is still worse, the buyer being required to pay ten per cent, additional for tho expenses of the sale. One of the most frequent complaints among canaries is asthma. This disease is easily cured if taken hold of at once. The bird-dealers sell a powder that is mixed in the water the birds are given to drink, and there is also a bird tonic which is good for all the ills that bird flesh is heir to. When a bird has the asthma the symp toms are a heaviness of breathing at night. Canaries with this complaint have been known to breathe like human beings. Recently a workman, while excavating for a levee near Skelton, Ind., unearthed a mammoth foot, supposed to be of tho ostrich species. The leg was disconnec ted at the knee joint. The leg from the knee down was intact. This relic was found about eight feet below the surface of the ground. The entire length of tho limb from the joint to the end of the middle toe is six feet nine inches; the length of the toes is respectively nine, seven and CJ inches each. It is thor oughly petrified and heavy as rock. The first firearms used in Europe were cauuon. Gunpowder artillery was used in China in 85, B. C., but the arquebus to he carried by a soldier was not in vented until 1480, A. D. Inventor not known. Charles V used tho musket in 1540. These used matches or match locks. The wheel-lock was invented in 1517, the Hint-lock about 1692, the per cussion principle by the Rev. M. For sythe in 1807. Speaking generally, the early hand guns were breech-loaders. First patent in the United States for a breech-loading fire-arm was to Thornton and Hall of North Yarmouth, Mass., May, 21, 1811. Great Men ve. Change of Nam e. Henry Wilson, Vice-President under Grant, was christened as Henry Colbath, and was known by that name until after the end of his nineteenth year. By a curious coincidence U. S. Grant, who was President at the time Wilson was Vice, as above mentioned, was also a hero with a changed name. Prior to young Grant’s eighteenth birthday “U. S. Grant" was a term unknown even iu the embryo General’s family. “H. U. Grant” would sound odd if written on the pages of history, but, in fact, would be perfectly proper. The great General was christened Hiram Ulysses Grant, and by the name of Hiram or “Hi” was known to all his school-fellows. Hon. T. L. Harmer, an ex-member of Con gress, is responsible for “U. 8.” Grant being thrust upon the world. It came about in this way • YVhen the name of the aspiring young man was sent in as candidate to West Point, by some over- siglit on the part of Mr. Harmer it was sent as “U. 8.” in place of “H. U.” Grant. “U. 8.” Grant was appointed. When he graduated in 1848, his com mission and diploma were both made out to “U. 8.” Grant, therefore he was forced to accept the inevit- nbie. Jules Grevy, so well-known as the late President of the French Republic, is neither “Jules” nor “Grevy," but Ju dith Francoir, Paul Grcviot. Frank Leslie was plain Henry Carter until after he was twenty-seven years old, adopting the new name on his ar rival in America.—St. Louie Republic. During 1890 there were built in tho United States 8500 churches; ministers to the number of 4900 were ordained, and a membership, in all denominations, o' 1,090,000 added, Gettysburg and Waterloo Compared. At Gettysburg, writes Theodore Roose velt iu the Century, there were present in action 80,000 «o 85,000 Union troops, snd of the Confederates some 65,000, At Waterloo there were 120,000 soldiers of the Allies under Wellington and Blucher, and 72,000 French under Na poleon; or, there were about 150,000 combatants at Gettysburg aud about 190,000 at Waterloo. In each case the weaker army made the attack and was defeated. Lee did not have to face such heavy odds as Napoleon; but, whereas Napoleon’s defeat was a rout in which he lost all his gnus and saw his soldiers become a disorganized rabble, Lee drew off his army in good order, his cannon uncapturcd, and the morale of his for midable soldiers unshaken. The de feated Confederates lost in killed and wounded 15,530, aud in captured 7467, some of whom were likewise wounded, or 23,000 in all; the defeated French lost from 25,000 to 30,000—probably nearer the latter number. The Con federates thus lost in killed and wounded at least twenty-five per cent, of their force, and yet they preserved their artil lery and their organization; while the French suffered an even heavier pro portional loss and were turned into a flee ing mob. At Gettysburg the Northerners lost 17,555 killed and wounded and 5135 missing; in other words, they suffered au actually gffater loss than the much larger army of Wellington and Blucher; relatively, it was half as great again, being something like twenty-two per cent, in killed aud wounded alone. This gives some idea of the comparative ob stinacy of the lighting. Iu making any comparison between the two battles, it must of coarse be remen- bered that oue occupied but a single dav and the other very nearly three; and it is hard to compare the severity of the strain of a long aud very bloody, with that caused hy a shert, and only less bloody, battle. Gettysburg consisted of a series of more or less completely isolated con flicts; but, owing to the loose way in which the armies marched into action, many of the troops that did the heaviest fighting were engaged for but a portion of the tune. The Second and Thirl Corps were probably not heavily en gaged for a very much longer period than the British regiments at Waterloo. Both were soldiers’ rather than gen erals’ hatlies. Both were waged wit’i extraordmiry courage and obstinacy and at a fearful cost of Lie. Waterloo war settled by a single desperate aud ex hausting struggle; Gettysburg took longer, was less decisive, and was rela tively much more bloody. According to Wellington the chief feature of Water loo was the “hard pounding”; and at Gettysburg the pounding—or, as Grant called it, the “hammeriug”—was even harder. Washington and “the Old Army.” The following is from Gcueral Sher man’s last speech," printed in the Ctn. lury: The toast assigned me is “The Old Army.” Yes, that army is “old,” older than the present Government. It began to take form the moment the colonists made a lodgment on the cost of Massa chusetts and Virginia; grew in propor tion up to the French war of 1756, and still larger during the Revolutionary War, 1770-1783. Iu 1783 the armies of the Revolvtion were all disbanded, except “eighty privates and a due proportion of officers, none to exceed the rank of captain,” to garrison West Point and Fort Pitt. In June, 1781, the Congress of the thirteen States provided for two com panies of artillery and eight of infantry, not to exceed thirty-seven officers and 700 enlisted men. In 1786 it increased the number to forty-six officers and 840 men. At that date these troops garrisoned the frontier posts, viz.: Fort Harmer, now Marietta, Ohio, Vincennes, Indiana, and Venango, New Y irk, iu addition to West Point, Fort Pitt and Springfield, Massachusetts. Theu came 1789, with its new Constitution, and Washington became its first chief executive. He was the father of this nation. His efforts re sulted in the formation of the present army of the United St iles. Cultivating the Rubber Tree. The threatened dearth in the world's supply of rubber has .ed to the formation of a syndicate which proposes to culti vate the rubber tree on a large scale. In Ceylon steps have already been taken to carry out the same idea by sewing the seed of the Cetra in patches of jungle, and the supply of rubber from that island promises to be iu a few years, double what it is at present. Encouraged by the apparent success of this experiment, the syndicate proposes to carry on the rubber cultivation on several large es tates iu the southern part of Mexico, not far from the gulf, where the climate will ho most favorable for their operations. The rubber tree grows with great rapid ity, and a tree of average size will yield about twenty gallons of milk, which is equal to forty pounds of dried rubber. From the testimony of exports, it is found that this yield will give a hand some return on the capital tc be invested. —Aeio York Commercial Adeertieer.