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Li- sbfrjik fi-’. THE DARLINGTON NEWS, P OBUSK*I> 1VBBTTHURSDAY MORNING henry tTThowpson. PROPRIETOR. tBB K9..$S L**** ,n AdTa,, « e - On* bwertion. fl.OO One SquAM, ••oond mwition .60 g»try »ubMq*nt iM*rtiqn 60 Coatnot ad»«rtiB«menU inserted upoa the most reesonsble terns. MerriMO Notice# and Obituaries, not exceeding six lines, inserted free. DARLINGTON 1 “FOR U8 PRINCIPLE IS PRINCIPLE—RIGHT IS RIGHT—YESTERDAY, TO-DAY. TO-MORROW, FOREVER.” VOL. m NO 47. DARLINGTON, S. C.. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1886. WHOLE NO 620. Our job departmeut issupplicd witherer^ feciliijr ueceseury to enable us toconpr'p both as toprlce anil quality of work, with e,*^ those ot the cities, and we guarantee satis, factum in every particularer charge nothing for our work. We are always prepared tp fill onlers at short notice for Blanks, Bij Heads, Letter Heads, Cards, Hand Bills Posters. Circulars, Pamphlets, &c. All job work must be paid for Cash on Delivery- A Kiss—by Mistake, Upon the railway train ws mat— She had the softeet. bluest eyes, A face yea nevtr could forget— “Sixteen,” with all that that implies. | knew her once, a little girl. And meeting now a mutual friend, Onr thoughts and hearts got in a whirl; We talked for miles without much end. | threw ny am around the seat Where, just in front, she sideways sat, Mer melting syos and fhee to moot, (And no one wondered much at that,) Nor soon the station whore she left Would on the sorrowing vision rise, And I at least should fool bereft ; I thought a tear stood in hsr eyes. She was bat kith, not kin, of mine— Ton years had passed since last ws mot; And whea, in going, she did inolin# Her face, ’twaa natural to forgot, £t seemed sc like the child I knew , I met her half-way fer that aake ; And eomingnear those eyes ef bins, She gently kissed me—Ay mitt akt; She saw her error, and straightway ran With fir ring blushes, rosy i ed ; I should not ho ons-half a man If thanght of wrong same in my head : fu fact, I’d take that very train And travel daily for her sake, ft she would only, eome again Aid gently kl W me—Ay mitlakt! Jotl Benton, in Jlarper'e Magaiint. Carolina’s Legislature. (Ger. Augusta Chronicle.) The next South Carolina Legis fature will cootaiu a great mauy of what is oommooly known as “wild members.” They are the members who will be serving their first terms, sms ‘♦fresh from the people,” thoroughly imbued with a patriotic desire to do something for some- body. Their intentions will be good, and they will strive to promote the public welfare. They will not be ♦♦rotten saturated or permeated with poUUos,” but will be chock fall of Ideas concerning everything, and jn endeavoring to carry them into effect, they become “wild.” They are, however, all South Carolinians, consequently, conservative, just and true to the best interests of the State, and in the end will act wise ly and well. Many measures of im portance will come up for considera tion. Among these the establish ment ot onr Agriculture College, the reorganisation of the Depart ment ot Agriculture, the repeal of the Lien laws, and the calling of a Dtate Constitutional Convention Jt is too early to predict what may be done with any of these matters. It is the general opinion however, In well informed circles that the de pressed condition of the agricul tnrists, and the great loss of prop erty in Charleston, will operate to deteat the Agricultural College and defer, for a time at least, the Con stitutional Convention. The Lien laws have been practically repeal ed, so far as the merchants are con cerned. The land owners (and that term is synonomons with iarmera) having a prior Hen upon the crops of tenants, pats this whole matter back in the hands of themselves And as they are more interested in tbs question than any other class, except the tenants, and they bays little to say in the matter of legis- lation, it may be considered that the Lien law is a dead issue. It has been proposed to reorganize the Department ef Agriculture by increasing the number on the Board and having the members elected by agricultural societies sod conven tions. Tbs wildest member ot the Legislature will hardly favor this proposition. Some of the members of the Leg islature may favor enlarging the Board, bat they will never consent to give ap the power of electing S et Board themselves. The Legis- tors is aooonntable to the people for its nations, agricultural dabs am aooonntable to no one. The fionth Carolina Legislature always contains a majority of farmers, and jan election by it is equivalent to an election by a responsible agricultur al convention. It .If vary probable that there will heaaoftest for the Speakership pt the Boose, ft Is said that Dr. B- Pope, of Mewbeiry, will oppose Bon. James Simons, of Charleston. Dr. Pope was an active member of the fast Boose, and will doubtless have a good following. Mr. Simons has filled the Speaker’s chair for two terms, and is recognised as a fine parliamentarian. Dol. John C Haskell will no doubt retain the (Chairmanship of tbs Ways and Means Committee. It will be a dif ficult patter to find a successor to <Ool. 0. H. Simooton as Chairman ot the Judiciary Committee. He was, during fiis satire service in the House, the recognised leader of the body, ft has boon saggeffod that aa Jndge Bipoaton will be bolding court <uufng the session of the Leg islators, that he should adjourn court and help the legislature to organise its work. Seriously, be will be greatly misled, bat the man la always ready for every occasion jaad he wiU not ba lacking this itims. Ooh W. ti. Parker, of Abbe *Uls, might be the man if he did not have the judicial bee lu bis bonnet. Evidently ha will prefer .expounding the laws to making CANDIDATE FOR CLKBR. It is believed that Hon. H. A. Gaillard, of Fairfield, will be elec- t Mi Clerk of the Senate. Colonel Jno. T. Sloan, the veteran Clerk of the House will, in all probability be complimented with a unanimous vote. There are no indications of a contest for any other subordinate positions. Capt. John D. Brown, of Barnwell, who was the gallant tyler of the Wallace House, and who has been Sergeaut-at Arms ever since, will no doubt be re elec ted by acclamation. Apparently very few young men have been re elected to tbe Legislature. Two of the most useful and progressive yonng men of the last House, G. W. Brown, of Darlington, and Stan- yarne Wilson, of Spartanburg, were defeated. Two others, how ever, of equal ability—0. G. Dant- zler and T. M. liaysor, of Orange burg, were re elected. The great majority ot yonng-sters will remain at home this time, and the older men will manipulate matters. Among the young men who return after the absence of the one term, ie Hon. E. B. Murry, of Anderson, who will represent his county in the Senate. Major Murray is aggres sive, alert and level headed. A good Representative in either House. Among tbe veterans who have been prpmoted, may be men tioned Gen. R. R. Hemphill, of the Abbeville Medium. He is a veteran, not in years but in public service. He also goes Irom tbe House to the Senate, having been promoted b.\ tbe unanimous vote ot bis people. Aiken County sends a splendid del egation, among them one who has served her well for several terms— Hon. James Aldrich. He would make au excellent head for the Judiciary Committee, being fully qaalifieo for the position by exten sive practice at the bar and long service in the House. Jjarewell sends to tbe Honae, Jndge Maher, a fine orator, a polished gentleman, au able lawyer. Several of tbe best men in tbe Senate are “holding over” members. Hon. L. W. You- mans, the Senator Irom Barnwell, is one of the ablest men of that body. Senator Bell, of Aiken, is a ‘‘progressive’’ Democrat, one who favors the development ot the re sources of tbe State, and tbe en couragement and promotion of all worthy public enterprises. But the list of distinguished members is too long to enumerate. On the whole, it is quite possible that the Legislature of 18SG will compare favorably in all respects with any similar body that has assemb ed since 1876. It seems to be pretty well settled tbat Elliott has been elected to Congress from tbe Black District of Sontb Carolina, This gives tbe State a solid Democratic delega tion, and sweeps away tbe lost rem nant of Republicanism in South Carolina. Now for tbe Indepen dents two years. The Democratic majority is too big altogether, and the people too apothetic. This means disorganization and iude- pendeutistu. Tbe signs are already visible. An Agricultural College. [CorrespcnJeat News and Courier.] The late Farmers’ Con van t ion urged the establishment in South Carolina of “a real agricultural col lege, moulded after those of Missis sippi and Michigan,” and the leader of the “farmers’ movement express ed the opinion that such a college could be supported by the privi- jege tax on commercial fertilizers, (say about $25,000 annually,) and the interest on the land scrip fund, about $5,700, making a total of $30, 700 annually. ’ As the proposed college is to be moulded after that of Mississippi, let us see whether or not it could be supported as Capt. Tillman says. I have the report of that college for 1884 5, probably the latest issaed, aufl let it tell the cost of that insti- tntion. In tbe “general summary” of ex penses (pages 18 and 19 ot the re port slluded to) \ t j is shown that there was drawn from the State treasury in two years $72,746.81 and received from other sources |16,861 60, inakiug a total of $89,- 608.31, or au annual expenditure of $44,04.20. A couple of items in these expenses will be interesting to taxpayers : Salaries $40,658.26, and student labor $10,199.61. (See page 18 of the report.) This is said to be a thoroughly equipped insti tution. On page 18 it will be seen that $12,279.33 was expended for “equipments, incidentals, repairs and insurance.” These are very general terms to explain so large an expenditure. On page 5 it is stated that the valneof the college property is $203,401.84. On page 7 the amount paid in salaries each year is stated at $24 045, exclusive of salary to professor of dairy husbandry “not fixed.” On the same page Geu. Lee recommends additional appropria tions for the several departments aggregating $32.10. On page 9 the president as$8 for 100 “stand of arms,” worth say $2,000. On page 12 he urges the establishment of a I chair ot veterinary science, coat $5,000. On page 15 he ask for a “small printing press,” sav this will cost $500. On page 14 he boasts of his college library, wbicli has al ready cost $2,044, and asks for $5,- 000 more to make it wbat it should be. On page 15 he asks the Legis lature to “provide a scientific build- ing for tbe department of biology, agricultnre and horticulture wi h dairy, library and armory rooms.” “This building,” he says ‘ is abso lutely necessary for the preserva tion of propeity, and to meet the very large attendance of students.” As the library alone is to cost about $8,000, it will uot bo a high esti mate to say tbat a building to con tain these books, and to be used for tbe other pnrposes mentioned, will cost at least $10,000. Tbe professors follow their presi dent in asking for appropriations. Prof. Phares, in charge of the de partment ol biology, (on page 23,) says: “Yet very many additiou-tl appliances and facilities are much needed for rendering instruction in tbe subjects confided to this de partment as efficient and complete as it should be.” This gentleman almost makes it appear, in his re commendations, that be has abso lutely nothing to work witb in this department after five years of prac tice. Prof A. Gulley, says: “Experimen tal stock teeding, to give good re sults tbat are rei iable and of practical value, calls for a large amount of skilled labor and special equipment of stables, scales, cooking appara tus, &o The necessary outfit has been beyond my iqeans until the past year, and as yet we are bnt poorly equipped to give such work tbe attention it should receive at this college.” Judging from his ex- periments reported he needs very considerable appropriation to make bis experiments of any value. The chemist (on page 35) says : “Onr physical apparatus is less complete, and should receive a lib eral appropriation in order to in crease it at tbu earliest possible mo- ment.” Cost unknown. He also wants an anemometer, “costing about seuenty-five dollars.” He is very urgent in bis demands, but furnishes no definite estimate of tbe amount so necessary to carry them out. The acting professor of mathema tics (on page 58) says: “This is an agricultural and mechanical college and yet there is not a tingle means of illustrating mechanics here taught, and it is in the college course.” (Italics the professors not mine.) The acting professor of horticul- culture (on page 63 and 64) says : “With more capital to invest in a propagative bouse, nursery, stock, and proper buildins for keeping fruits and vegetables, our work would be much more satisfactory. The instructor in drawing (on page 65) says^ “The most urgent and imperative need of the depart ment is a large and well-ligb.ed room to accommodate the iucreas ed number of students in the junior and sophomore classes ” The librarian (on page 67) re peats Gen. Lee’s recommendation of an appropriation of $5,000 for the purchase of books. The princip il of preparatory de partment (on page 69) says: “In order to teach the metric system of weights and measures successfully a set of apparatus is necessary, and I now remind you of this necessity, hoping that you can make arrange ments to procure tbe needed appar atus before the session closes.” The writing master (on page 70) asks for a larger and better equip ped room, and expresses the opin ion that short hand and type-writ- ing might be very easily added to this department with very little ex pense.” The surgeon (on page 71) says: “I am satisfied with the present fa cilities and the steward (on page 72) says: “My department is in good working order and well equip ped.” The doctor and the cook are all right. On page 78 the chemist recom mends tbat he should be paid “enough to live upon.” His salary as appears in tbe general summary, (on page 6,) is, I presume $2,000 a year. Here, then, is au .institution tbat South Carolina is asking to copy that has already cost abont $300,- 000 ; that is now costing about $45,- 000 annually ; that requires, by tbe president’s estimates, about $25,000 for special purposes, a id probably as mneb more if tbe appropriations required by the prolissors were granted; and which does not, ac cording to the reports of the profes sors, now contain a single properly equipped department Give Capt. Tillman tbe college buildings and tbe lands, the live stock, tbe orchards and vineyards, the scientific appar-ttus and tbe va rious other paraphernalia of au ag ricultural college, and tbe privilege tax would not pay tbe salaries of his professors. What is the object of tUs Missis sippi college ! Let one the pro fessors answer. I*quote bis exact words, from page 30 of the report: “Without the student labor the col lege would simply be au ordinary literary institution, and there would be no reason tor its existence.” In other words, for the privilege of giving the boys a little manual ex ercise tbe State has paid about $300,000, is now paying ont about $45,000annually, and tbe president and professors have adopted the motto: “Tbe old flag and au ap propriation forever.” Cost of Agricultural Colleges in Mas sachusetts and in Kansas. (Cor. New* and Courier.) After sending off my letter a few days concerning tbe expenses ot the Mississippi Agricultural Col lege, I glanced over the reports of tbe Massachusetts and Kansas col leges and find tbat, financially, they appear to be in the same condition as the Mississippi institution. I have the 17th annua! report of tbe Massachusetts College and on page 12 ot tbat report the president says: “A reference to the sum mary statement of all expenditures on account of the college on pa^e 108 shows that the total cost of this grand experiment in agricultural education and improvement has not been less than one million dollars.” Tbe president of the college thus, after seven teen years of work and the expen diture of one million dollars, admits that bis college is yet an “experi ment,” while Gen. Lee claims that his college is already a success; and as a matter ot fact the Massa chusetts College is as far ahead of the Mississippi institution as au English university is ahead of a free colored schoel in South Oaiolina. To returu to the expense. One million dollars has been expended and all through the report addition al appropriations are requested. Evidently at the date of the report there was great dissatisfaction with the college in the Htate, for ibe president takes up two pages in ex plaining why the institution should be supported. This college was ocated at Amherst because that town bid for it “and paid her money on demand,” and the president urged tbat the State should con tinue its support as a matter ot good faith with the town. The following are the items of expenditures from 1863 to January 1,1867, given on page 112 ol the report: Salaries 4 182.06Q 23 Lands and buildings. 45,499 60 Building fund account. l- r >0,7b0 61 Current expenaa account. ) 18,01166 Farm account. 64,258 94 Bills payable. 56.150 42 Interest account. #,24M Income of Hill fund expended, 5,1 ^0 Term bill account, 30,257 06 Board of students 47,810 48 Botanical department. 7,673 65 Extra instruction and lectures. 5.248 6? Grinnell prize fund investment. 1,000 00 Income Gnnnell prize fund ex pended. 417 00 In;ome prize fund expended. 487 00 Mary Robinson fund invest ment. 1,000 00 Indebtedness paid in 1876. 8,232 12 Total. $729.’26 31 The Kansas institution is in a bad way also for moftey. On pag* 5 of the report for 1883 84 the value of the college property is stated at $145,857 95. From this page on down to the bottom of page 12 the president is asking for additional appropriations, aggregating $34,- 674, for special purposes, exclusive of regular appropriations for cur rent expenses. The running expenses of the col lege for 1882 ji3 was $48,620 62, and for 1883 84 the expenditures amoun ted to $66,378 86. Tbe summary ot general college inventory June 30, 1885, placed the value of the prop erty at $182,957 21. Notwithstanding the enormous expenditures the reports make it appear that the college is poorly equipped, and certainly nothing more than an experiment. In view Qt these facts can any thing be more absurd than Geu. Lee’s claim that his “college has passed through that depressing period of nucertainty which attach es to all new institutions f” Noth ing can be more ridicnlons, unless it is the statement made by Capt. Tillman tbat such a college can be run in South Carolina on about $32,000 aunuallv. It is very pia>u that tbe advo cates of tbe “real agricultural col lege” have finally concluded tbat the people are unable to give tbe money necessary to carry oat their scheme, but they believe that bv claiming tbat it can be done with out additional taxation they can in duce the Legislature to inaugurate the college and, like they are doing in Massacbnsetts, Kansas and Mis sissippi, get all they need after wards by claiming that the faith of the State is pledged to tbe scheme. There is another matter that should not be forgotten in this con nection. If the privilege tax is givsn to a college it will take away the omy support heretofore given to the department of agriculture, and of necessity abolish tbat de partment, unless other appropria tions are made from the treasary for its maiutaiuance. Tbe State has been for six years establishing tbat department of the Government, and its work appears to ha ceived general oommeudation. the people cannot afford to throw away the money already exp ended on it to try an experiment that, as I have already shown, is a very ex pensive and unsatisfactory one. CITIZEN. The South Carolina College. [R. Means Davis, in Neivbarry Observer.] Mr. Tillman’s recent speech in Newberry, as reported, abounds in error regarding the South Carolina College. Will you permit me to give some correct information as to its aims and work f 1 desire to do so only because those who are better fitted than myself tor the task are absent from the State. Absence from home on my own part is the cause of this lardy Statement- First, let me say that the charge tbat the Professors of the South Carolina College, or any of them, inculcate in their students tho idea tbat labor of any kind, manual or otherwise, is dishonorable, is not only unfounded, but so ridicul >us as to be beneath notice. In what follows I shall confine myself to au explanation of the work of tbe agricultural depart ment, as the literary departments were not subjected to criticism. Although the facilities ot the College have recently been increas ed, so as to ensure greater useful ness, I shall mention only what has been done ; for the College is cen sured for its past couduct. Since 1882 tbo College has had the fol lowing scientific chairs: 1- Agricultural and Rotany. 2. Natural Philosophy, Geology, Physiology, etc. 3. Mathematics, pure and ap plied. 4 Chemistry and Mineralogy. Professors McBride and Wodrow are esteemed on both sides of the Atlantic. Prof. Sloan is a distinguished graduate of West Point. Prof. Burney is a Ph. D. of Heid elberg (under Bunsen); a student of the University of Paris under Wurtz, and a fellow of Johns Hop kins. Prof. Lou glib ridge and Prof. Me- Elroy, both thoroughly fitted for theTr work, have been added re cently. There are five four year courses, amt as many two year courses in the entire College, lu three of each the study of agriculture for one year is compulsory, In most agri cultural colleges this subject is taught one year; in the Missi.-sippi College it is taught for one year and one third, lu the South Caro lina College, in the technical agri cultural course two years in agri culture and one in agricultural chemistry are required besides the other cognate sciences. Since reorganization in 1882 an average of 43 students a year have pursued one year’s course in agri culture, besides the students in the technical course, who have done much more. Yet the public has been told that only two students have studied a little agriculture, which is defined as ugiicultura! chemistry. Two studios are entirely distinct. .What constitutes agriculture as taught in tbe South Carolina Col lege 1 During the first year the follow ing subjects are treated: Soils; manures, organic and inorganic; grasses and clovers; meadows and pastures; crops; rotation ot crops; weeds, noxious and innocuous; im provemeut ot soils; farm mple- meuts and machinery; farm loads and buildings; domestic animals, etc This is the course studied by general students. Special students during the see- ond year, having been carefully grounded in theoretical chemistry, are put into the laboratory for work. Lectures are given on the chemical constituents of manures; theory of tbe action of manures, and best methods of application; classifica tion and improvement of soils; principles of breeding stock and feeding; laws ot plant life and growth ; analysis of soils, fertilizers, etc. (See catalogue.) The following are some of the many concrete examples actually given to the class : I. “At the present cost of cotton seed meal, stable nitrate of soda, etc., find cheapest in proportion to tbe amount of nitrogea supplied.” II. “The determined value of ni trogen, phosphoric acid, etc., being .given, analyze — fertilizer and determine its market value.” Ill “A company having offered to exchange 1,000 seed meal for a ton determine whetuer vantageous.” Similar problems have been giv en to determine the proportion in which different kinds of food must be given to animals at work, at rest and fattening. Tbe tables by which these are solved have been verified by 30 years nctnal test in Germany. Botany is also thoroa*bly taught. The last halt of tbe course is prac tical, and tbe professor lays upon the desk of each student some un known plant to analyze and name. Some students have m ute several hundred analyses—many outside of the class-room Some capital bot per ton manure, which is lbs. of cotton of cotton seed, the otter is ad- anists have been graduated from the College. Agricultural students are also compelled to assort and name mix ed seeds, to test their germinating power, ami the amount of adultera tion, sous to know the quantity necessary to plant a given area. As all farmers know, many kinds of seed are badly adulterated. When some students have step ped from the engineering course into important positions on rail road surveys, others have been able to s;ep from the laboratory into the practical work tequired by tertilizer companies in the quantitative an alysis of manures, soils, etc. Besides this class work in agri culture, the President has tor three years past carried on systematical ly at least 150 lull experiments with cotton, grasses, etc. These are con ducted in duplicate, and are so va ried as to eliminate any difference in the soil, etc. Publication was not made for two years, because ac curacy was desired, and this can only be secured by a series of ex periments. The ttrst bulletin, pub lished this jear, shows, for instance that a special brand of cottou seed gives tor every 1,500 pounds ot seed about forty pounds more ot lint than any other kind. This would nuke a difference in 600,000 bales (the crop of the State) of about <8,000 bales, which at 9cents woqld increase the crop by over two million dollars a year. The dupli cate tests of three years all testify to this superiority. It must be remembered that the Legislature has never given a cent for experimentation, and in this way the professor has been ham pered. Give President McBrjde a few more thousand dollars, and he will do work in South Carolina that will secure as universal attention as his expcrimeniM in Tennessee did and will greatly benefit the agricul ture of the State The College is anxious for visitors to inspect its work. It has invited its critico to make a close and thorough investigation. So far as 1 know, none have done so. No wonder they err so widely in their statements concerning it. So soon as the College opens I know that President McBryde and bis colleagues will be most happy to receive a delegation I'roui the Farmers’ Organization of Newberry Count.!, in order to lot them see whether or not the Trustees of the College have so used the agricul tural fund as to defeat its objects. Certainly no candid man will criticise adversely without satislV iug himself as to the facts Thoughts tor the Month. (W. L. Joint*, in 8oulb«ru Gultifaior.) Iii the southern portion of the cotton belt, oats and wheat may still be sown ; in Some sections it is tbe best time to start these crops. But in the noi them portions of the belt, it is too late to sow anything but wheat, rve and barley—too late for clover and 4 tbo winter grasses. Cottou planters delay the sowing oi wheat, until tbe cotton is picked out, both because, while that work is progressing it absorbs all of tbe available labor, and because wheat usually follows cotton, aud the ploughing in cannot be done till the ottou is out ot the way. This makes the sowing of w heat come on a little later than is desirable Fear of the fly, justifies delay till after Iros.t, but the sooner after Irost wheat is sown the better. The plant needs time while the weal her is still mild to develop roots and pu>b them well into the sod aud get a good strong loolbold. .Some think that deep covering of grains makes them stand cold better; our observations do uot accord with this belief. Wheat, oats, etc., have little stem beneath the surface—if covered deep they soon throw out a circle of roofo near the surface aud the part below dies. Bat while (he stem does uot extend down wards mneb, the roots may, aud of tea do. penetrate the soil to a con siderable depth. This uot only es tablishes tbe plant firmly, but pots the ends of the roots (which are their main food-absorbing part) be yond tbe re icb of the severest cold. In our climate the ground is not of ten frozen more than t^ro or three inches; only in very extreme cases does the freezing extend to a ((epth Of five or six inches. Root growth, therefore, can go on most of tbe time during winter; and this it does, tbongii tbe part above ground makes little progress The roots are gatbeiiug materials and laying the Foundation during winter tor a vigorous growth ol the plant in tl e early spring; and this is just what is needed, in our climate, to hasten mntnrity aud escape the rust. Tbe greater yield of fall, as compared with apring oats.illustrates the ad vautages of tbit root growth dur ing the latter part of autumn aud through tbe winter. The pari above ground may be sharply cut down by the cold, but that wbiuh is be* ueatti and at the sui face goes ou accumulating, aud storing mate rial out of which the stalk, blades nd ear rapidly develop in the spring; just as tbe dowering stalk of a turnip shoots up in a few days tioiu itsenlarged underground root, in which material tor growth haq been stored the preceding autumn. It is gratifying to notuau increas ing desire and disposition .among our farmers to raise needed supplies at home, (trend and meat head the list of these, and us we are a wheat-eating people, it u ex tremely desirable that varieties adapted to our climate should be; discov.red or developed. Eveiy plant we cultivate does, or may ac quire special adapt atiou to any lo cality in which it cau ^row at a,l. Note the varieties ot corn North and South, the rust proof oat of the South and the several kinds at tbq North Rye from the Northwest fails utterly iu the South, even though one cannot detect any dif ference in appearance of seed oc ether parts of the p.aut. Thu game holds iu case of Iruiis and vegeta bles. With these tacts before ns, is it unreasonab.e to suppose that g variety or varieties of «beat might be developed at the South, thor oughly adapted to its soils aud cli mates f Why should wheat form an exception f It has beeu local ized in other portions of the worla | the Mediterranean wheats grown for centuries in aouteru Europe and iu Egypt, are marked varieties uoiq- pared with those of northern re gions. Why may uot the cottoi; States have corresponding varieties adapted to them f If farmers would examine their wheat fields carefully Indore harvest, and when rust pre vails, gather the beads of those stalks which aie entirely free frou; rust, sow the seed from these by themselves the next season, and again select hs before, and continue doing thus ior a few years, we bavq Utile doubt a rustproof variety could be established. Further se- leoliou of the most prolific stalks with best developed seed, would carry the improvement still further. Time would be saved aud chsuce^ of success increased by starting with varieties—like tbe Mediteri ranean—which have already bo- come accustomed to warm climate^ lu the meantime, those varieties may be sown which the concurrent testimony ofa neighborhood sbowg to have succeeded beat iu it. A^ ^Uled before, the seeding down should bo done as early iu Noveuu tier as possible. Wheat follows cot. ton admirably, and the highest, dryest land should be selectud for it. The surface soil, to a depth of three or four inches, should be brought into tbe finest tilth by plow lug, rolling and harrowing. What ever manure is used slionld be thor oughly incorporated with this sur face soil. It cotton seed is applied, ii should bd plowed in witb tbe wheat. Commercial fertilizers may be plowed in shallow or harrowed in. In olden times, fifty bushels of cotton seed to the acre was regard ed as a sale guarantee of a good crop, even ou poor laud. Thirty bushels ofcot’ou seed and one hun dred and fifty pounds of acid phos phate per acre is preferable to fifty bushels of seed alone. Three buu dred pounds of cotton seed meal f about equivalent to thirty bushels of seed, and may be substituted in place of them. The above quanti ties of manure may be applied at tbe time oi seeding. In the spring it may sometimes, be desirable and profitable to give a light top-dress ing of phosphate, nitrate of mi. $ and kumit or salt- During w nter it is well to roll wheat with a heavy roller, after every unusually bard freeze as soon as the ground is en tirely Unwed. Tbe freezing, ei«a when it does uot lift the plant out of the ground, destr-ys the neces sary contact ot tbe roots with tbe soil, aud interferes witb their ab- sorbtiou of water and food. If, by proper use of sieves, the small, imperfect grains are remov from tbe seed wheat, oue bushel of seed is enough for au <iere. Well trained bauds can sow seed very uuiformly« but as a rule it would pay a farmer to have a seed sower. Seme of these are cheap enough to be within the reach of all, aud the rapidity and uniformity of sbeir sowing soon pays for them. Irreg ular sowing and irregular covering, so that a part of tb* young plant* die out from overcrowding, and a part of the seed never comes up from being covered with clods or something else, have caused a great waste of seed. It is probabls that from small, defective seed, irregular sowing and improper covering, one; fourth or more of the seed sown if practically lost. After due prepar ation, sow the heed, plow in lightly —not more than two inches it nso- essary harrow —and finish up by rolling tbe laud. (coucladed next weefc.) Cure For Skk Headache. For proof that Dr. Gunn’s Liver Pills cares Sick Headache, ask your Druggist for a fwib trial package. Only oue forNf -dbo* -. boxen, 23 wots. Sold by jWTlwifc4 Co. W ^ ^ A 2/(t is folly to neglect a Ough or l^ttd. Aw expenditure of 25 cents i for u bottle of Hughes’ Uough Si rup I will prove a firot-claas investment, 1 Ask your druggist for it.