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I- r ,et e lb aub i5 tT, ESTABLISH ED 18j5.ewber9tijRK AVEA THT SBPTIC TANKS. Up-to-Date System by Which Newberry Disposes of Its Sewage. Mr. Editor:-Au article in a late number of The Literary Digest upon "Sewage Disposal by Bac teria" gives some interesting read ing to our citizens at this time. As a system of serewage on this plan has just been inaugurated in Newberry *) by the commissioners of public works, under the superintendence of En gineer C. C. Beddoes, and as one of the best popular explanations of the e system, we. ask you to print the fol lowing extracts from the article: "The study of the way in which the purification of sewage takes place in filtration, the investigation of the mechanism of the transformation of the nitrogenous organic matter into 4ammonia and then into nitrous and nitric acids by the successive action of various ferments, due to the re r'searches of Schloesing and Huntz and of Win ogradsky, has led the 4 English to a sort of intensive filtra tion through a bod of slag of small dimensions. This constitutes the bacterial purification of sewage. "It was the chemist Dibdin who first applied this method practically. His process, first carried out at Sut on, near London, consists in letting the sewage to be purified stand for two periods of four hours each in ?;yasins, whose bottoms, properly 4Prained by a system of pipes, are covered with a layer of slag 60 con timeters [about 2 feet] thick, the size of the fragments decreasing from the bottom to the surface. . . > S "This is not at all filtration pure ,,;nd simple. . . . It has been found that, contrary to what we might ex pect, there is no clogging of the layer of slag, and that after six months it is as clean as at first. This is due to the work of the bac. teria in the sewage, which, finding in the interstices of the slag the oxygen necesary for their life, literally burn the organic matter, transforming successively the nitro-. genous substances into ammonia and then into nitrites and nitrates, which flow away with the water. "Thus the purification of the sew. age is effected by the very germs it contains, thanks to the presence of atmospheric oxygen; it is a process of oxidation in which the bacteria serve as intermediaries. "Cameron has modified the meth od-we cannot say perfected it, for both the systems are in use, and the question of superiority has not yet been settled. In the hope of avoid ing the clogging of the aerobric b)eds, :Cameron lets the sewage ferment twenty four hours in a a huge reser *voir, the 'septic tank,' out of contact with the air. A very active fermen tation develops: the water becomes covered with a layer that serves as a natural lid. This is broken here and th.me by discharges of gas, but ~4according to the inventor this is not Sobjectionable. The solid matter ~.liq uifies, and, in a word, the sewage ~becomes more ready for purification bthe aerobic contact beds through which it is afterwards passed(.... "Here, briefly sot forth, ar o the ,~wo English processes that are of. ;ered as a new solutiom of the seri ~~us question of sewage-purification. hey both have enthusiastic partis ans are ardert detractors, numerous ~are the articles and books of ~~which they have been the sub~jects.. S"The system that employs for the purification of sewage the very bace teria that it contains, and that consti tute its dlangeronls element, is evident 13y seductive. By it we confine with in narrow limits of spauce and time the work of purificat ion that is effect ed spontaneously in arable land ail in watercourses into which cities dis charge their sewage, as in the Seine, which is imf&cted at Asruares, but has become pure again at Meulani. "At any rate, the bacterial purifi cat ion of sewage conistit.utes one more step in advance, in the important do maimn of munici pal hygiene. TIhanks. to it we shall be able to (diminish the number of rivers that have been turned into sewers, whiere the sew age forms floating islands, and where the gas formed by Putrefaction imay burn in flames six feet high, as in certain English streams." The fearful contamination of the rivers and smaller streams in Eng. land and upon the continent, result ing from the sewage in available water courses, forced England in self. protection to pass very stringent laws against the emptying of sewage and other noxious materials from manu facturing establishments into any of the streams of the country. The old ways of sewage purification by chem ical means in large vats or filtration covering large surface areas proved too costly and consumed too much time. Under this stimulus science and invention have brought to the front the sceptic tank system. And thou h many of its best features are patented, thus rendered costly, and will probably be greatly improved in the future, still it seems with its many advantaL es to present the best up-to date plan for the disposal of sewage, especially for all interior cities and towns. It also simplifies the building of sewer systems, as it will no longer be necessary to have one continuous system, with deep cuts and expensive works to connect all portions of the city with the main sewer that may have to be carried some distance seeking a suitable out let. The system may be cut up into as many separate departments as ad visable, each one with its own seep. tic tank. The small building neces. sary for the tank would not attract any attention, and there need be no fear of its being a nuisance to adja cent property, whether used for busi ness or dwelling purposes. With the exception of a manhole in the receiving vat, that can be opened if necessary, but is sealed up air ight, there is no opening for the escape of either gas or odor. The sewage enters at one end of the building, directly from the sewer pipe, and after purification emerges through an escape pipe at the other end--clear water, free from all odor. The commissioners, after careful consideration, upon the recommenda tion of Engineer C. C. Beddoes, hav ing adopted the sceptic tank system for the sewage disposal, and having seen its successful action so far, now feel satisfied that the future will ap prove their selection and justify their action. James McIntosh, Chairman Board Public Works. THE GOVERNOR'S RECEPTION Given to the General Assembly, Officers and Clerks-A Most Elegant Enter tainmient [News anid Conrier. J Columbia, February 12-Quite the most important event of the week in official society, and1 one that wili be of interest to the wvhole State, was the first reception given. under the new regime at the Governor's Mansion. Tonight Governor and Mrs. Hey ward :gave an elaborate reception to the members of the General Assembl3, the State oflicials and all the clerks arnd private secre taries in the State House. Th'Ie whole of the lower floor of the Man sion waus artist,ically decorated with palms and potted plants, and thrown open to the guests. ,Just inside the dIrawinIg room doors stood the re ception committee, consisting of Governor Heywvard, Mrs. Heyward and the other ladies of the house hold, Miss Martha Campbell, a sister of Mrs. HLeyward, and( Miss Lucille Johnson. Lieutenanit Governor Jolin T1. Sloan also assisted in presenting the guests and seeing that they we're entertained. lIn the library was seen a flag wvhich was of great interest. It was the SouthI Carolina State flag, which had been sent by this State to wave over the Capitol of Texas at the inauguration of Governor Lan ham, who is a native douth Caro lintan. Delightful music was furnishied during the evening by the Columbia Orchestra. TIhe ref reshmients con - sisted of everything that was dainty and delicious in the wvay of ices and1( cakes, and everything that was comn fortable and congenial in the wvay o1 cigars am1 othe se s. IMPRISONED FOR LIFE. Pitable, but Deserved, Fate of W. G Rivers, a One-Arrmed Confederate Sol dier. [News and Courier.] St. George, Dorchester County, February 11.-W. G. Rivers, white, was sentenced to life imprisonment in the State Penitentiary by Judge Watts, presiding in the Court of General Sessions for this county, yesterday. Mr. Rivers is 64 years old, a vet eran of the civil war, who lost his left arm in the Second Battle of Manassas. He was convicted of the murder of George F. Ahrens, a for mer Charlestonian, whom he shot to death in the public road, four miles from Ridgeville, on the 21st of De comber, 1901. The testimony in the case showed that Rivers, otherwise amiable and peacable, was an ugly customer when on one of his period ical sprees and his neighbors were afraid of him when he was indulging this unfortunate weakness. The principal witnesses against him were his father in-law and sister. in-law and the wife of the deceased. Rivers hat been to Itidgeville on the day of the shooting and had imbibed a considerable quantity of what the community calls "Bull ens," other wise known as "Fust X." On his way home he indulged in lurid vocal pyrotechnics, stopping in front of the Ahrens home and making himself offensive. Some children were passing in the road and Mrs. Ahrens undertook to remonstrate with the old man and requested him to go on home. Rivers drove off in a fury, proceeded to bin home half a mile distant, returned with his gun-an old muzzle-loader --stopped in front of Abrens's gate and got out of his buggy with the gun, cursing Ahrens and his wife in the vilest terms and saying he had come to kill somebody. Mrs. Ahrens went in the house and brought her husband's gun, but he told her to put it down, as he didn't need it, but would quiet the old man and send him off. Putting down an axe handle, on which he had been working, he walked out of his gate, Rivers to be have himself and put up his gun be fore it got him into trouble. Rivers had his gun raised all the time- - caught under his shoulder with a hoop he had fixed in the stock so that he could manage it with his one hand-and when Ahrens came with in ten feet of him he emp)tied a load of small shot in his left groin. After the shooting the two men clinched and Mrs. Ahreni; grabbed the gun and beat Rivers over the head with it, nearly putting ani end to him. Rivers was tied by one of the neighbors and left in the road for a few minutes, when he untied the rope with his teeth and, jumping in his buggy, made his escap~e. He was found next morning in the corn house on his premises, sleepmng in the shuck wvith ii.half-emptied bottle lying by him. T1he father andl siste-in law, who lived just across the road, witnessed the entire affair and testified against the defendent, controverting his vor sion of the affir that Ahrens had attacked him, first. Ahrens was a rheumatic cripple. The jury wvere out three hours, finally agreeing on a verdlict of murder, with recommendai tioni to mercy. Messrs. Wolfe & Connor ap)peatreo and (lid all thait couild be dlone for t he defence. T he Legend of St. Valentine. (Exchange.) A long t ime ago there lived at man named Valentine. H-e was ia good man and he longed to (1o 501m1 great wvork to show that lie loved God. lie was at mionk andi lived in a honso with other monks, wvho were each able to do SOmes b)eautiful thing for God. noe coul d sing very sweetly; aniot her could paint thle mnost~ beauti fini pictures; aiot her was a doctor wvho made the sick wvoll; andu atnot her wats ) jo isetand hadt road So~ mny books( that people cames fromt fari awaty to askl him q nest ions iand gel his ad vice. V'alenttiui w vish*d (1 m)iuch t haut l, might find something he could do. He could not sing, nor paint, nor doctor sick people, nor was ho very wise. One day he sat. thinking about it and feeling very blue and discour aged, when he heard a voice say clearly, "Do the little things, Valen. tine. That will bring the blessing." He wondered what were the "little things" but the voice did not tell him. It left him to find out for him self. Now, Valentine had a garden. None of the other monks had so fine a garden. It was full of the most beautiful flowers and Valentine loved them so and tended them with such care that they grow better there than they did anywhere else. H used to give flowers to the children and to poor people and to everyone. He loved to give and when anyone had a birthday he would hang a little gift. on the door and leave it to be found in the moriing. Everyone loved him because he loved everybody and even the little birds were not afraid of this gentle man. SKIiTCIIES BY iX-CONFli). lie Writes of People of Ante-Belltun Times. Mr. John Davenport taught school at Mt. Zion in 185-I. He was the father of Mr. J. L. C. Davenport. Mrs. Mary Werts taught in 1855. A. M. Anderson t 'ught in I856. My recollect ion is that lie was from the lower part of the State. lHe was a fair teacher but had his favorites in school and soinie of the students were treated very badly. One boy took especial pleasure in furnishing music for the daily dance; the boy's mother (a widow lleninlly) heard of the daily performance and conclmldod she would take : hand, and when she heft the schoolhouse Mr. Anderson was a cheap looking ne. A r. Joln .1ohn1 son taught in 857. Mr. .1 ohnson was an excellent teacher. lie vent west afterwards, and was inl the Con federate army and visited the 3d Regiment near I)ransville, Vat., in 1861. In 1858 59 our school inter est was changed from Mt. Zion to near Samuel Spearman's place in No. 8 Township. This change gave this scribe a walk of nearly four miles to school, making a walk of 8 nules each day besides the daily dance. Mr. E. P. Chalmers was the teacher and was considered by the patrons one of the best teachers of his (lay; but I am frank to say that if a teacher of this day and time would treat the children as Mi r. Chal.. muers did his students. there would certainly be a dance right. I was wvhipped e.ch dayt3. If I wasH doing right I was whipped; if I did wrong I was wvhipped ; it did riot umake anry differeonce, I was whipped every (lay. One dlay at noon somet charges wore made against. me. These charges I proved to be false. Then lhe whipped me. I told himr again the chtarges wero false arnd he beat me. I told himn againi thre charges wvere false and I really thought lie would1 kill rme. I was an orphlarn boy arimi had1 to take what was given nie. I was now 15 years ol, arnd the year 1859) closed miy school dlays. I do riot. mearn to rieflect on Mr. Chahni eers. lie was a good cit izeni anrd initenrdeud to (1o right, but the liatrons warted the teach ore to flo'g thre chihl1ron andc their wishes were (en-,riedc out. Ini 18(2 Mr. Jiohlri Ioder taught at Mt. Zion, aned Alir. W. D). Reeder followed him i in 1868. T'her last named was a whiippeir arid had guite a time with the boys; they resisted, blowv for blow, arnd that was a stormiy year forl Ire teac-hr. WVithI these ox cotio all thIe parients of t hei chili dren who wvent. to school at. Mt. Zioni have crocsed ihe iver. Th'er excep tiorns are Alri. Ilasvi Slawsonr, wi, Iivyes near l.'rosperil y now; Mirs. I,iz zie Nel, wh livi es mi 1aerenis Coiuntit, and MIlrs. Naniicy 1'. I tood or, niow or Greeriwood. Whant lhas hiocomoi oif thI'e clhild(1r''n thenr so fitll of frin arnd frolicY Somte were killo<t ini thle Cjoltfederaitn e erviucn; solii0 have gone to other con'it in's arid States, hnt. miiany h ave "'ero-sied thle rive r toI rest unidr the shade of thIe t rees.'" lai 16 the schooh hionso was to)rn down, mal I do niot. supphoso any e cani tell I Ire ixatct. spot orr whlich t hr school humn- stood1 N. Co.,rc CRUM MAY BE REJECTED. Committee Reports Unfavorably on His Nomination. Six Democrats and Two Republicans Vote Against Confirmation. [News and Courier.] The Ropublic.ns joined with the Democrats on Thursday in authoriz ing an adverse report on the nomi. nation of Dr. W. D. Crum, colored, who was appointed collector of the port of Charleston. The Senate committee on con merco, to whom the nomination of Crum was referred, took a formal vote on the nomination without de. bate and the result shows that six Democrats and two Rept.blicans combined to spare the white citizens of Charleston from the infliction of a colored collector of customs; while seven Republicans, true to their party prodiloctions, felt constrained, sover al of them against their better judg mont., to vote to sustain the colored man whom the Fresident had nomi nated for the oflico. After the routine work of the com mittee had been cleared away Chair man Frye called up the Crum case. No one seemod dispose 1 to discuss the subject. further and Chairman Frye ordered the roll to be called as to whether or not the nomination of Crum should be reported favorably to the Senate. Those in favor of confirmation were: Senators Frye, Elkins, (lallin ger, Dopew, Penrose, Hanna and Mason. Those against: d ones, of Novada, Iepublican; Perkins, of California, elpublican: and the fol. lowing Democrats, Vest., Berry, Tur nor, Martin, Clay, Mallory---8. Nel son was absent. Thus the famous vote of t he electorial commission of I87, which docidedi the P residential contest of Hayes against Tildon in favor of the former was repeated in the Crumt case to-day. By this action the Crum case goes to the Senate with an adverse report. It is a very unusual thing for the Senate to reverse the action of its conmitiecs on matters of this charac ter. Seator Mason was the only member of the minority who indicat ed an intention of carrying the light into the Senate. lie was a re cent visitor in Charleston, where he was invited to address it Republican meeting. His reception there was anything but friendly, for he states that he was obliged to address an audience of about. three or four hun. dried negroes in the open street be cause no hall could be rented for his convenience. Later in the day he said1 that in view of the strong son imient, in the commflittee and also in the Senate against the confirma tion of Crum lie would plrobably waive his right to hbring mn a mmnor ity replort. Prior to thle meeting of the comi miittee this morning your correspon doint cal led at the White [House and1( had a talk with thle the President re. gardinig the Crmn case. It is 1no violation of confidence to say that the L'resid(llnt freely expiresed himnsel f to this 'ffect. In the first place, he salid lie had nt at.temp1tedl to ini. Ihuence the veo or thle opinionOl of any Sonattor regardinig thle Crumi nomi nat ion since it. was present ed to the Senate. lie added that lhe simply diesi red thiat a dIirect vote shouldi he had upon01 the niominiation of D r. Crumii. if he is rejected1 he said lhe wouII lid devor ti suggest the Iiame oif somiebody whio wvoiud b' imuoreo ac ('optdab le to thle j eople of Chiiarlest on. Ile was em phiatie, however, in sle. claring I tatany attempt to pestp1on1o mdilPIliitely or' ''dodge'' a direct vote onlii0lOi th llno ition 5o ash o defer atc tion unut il after Congress adtjoulrned, would( ) ie mt with ai ptrompIt reniom iniitioni of D)r. Crumtl as a recess TJhe views of the Presidenit were broighit to thle atttion01 of Seniat.ors pIrior to thle moiet ing atnd we-re large ly respionsiblIe for b ri ngin g act ion upon the noinai~tioni todaiy. it was the progratinoii of t he oppjositioni to Crumi to defer at final vote until 8some future day but. t here seemed to( be4 ai genetratl dipositioln amiiouig the Sonattors, and1( especialhly loaitnilg [Rb unben:-s to emnem.o to -u. quietus upon the discussion of th( race question by disposing of th nomination at once. Several mim berg of the committee, who felt con" strained for partisan reasons to vote for the confimation of Crum, private ly expressed their approval of the action of the majority of the con mn it tee. The tact that Dr Crum was once before rejected by a Republican Sen ate, when appointed postmaster at Charleston during the Harrison ad ministration, had cousiderable weight with Republican mombers of the Sen. ate, who deprecato the untimely and, as they express it, injudlicious agita. tion of the race problem in the South. LEGISLATURES IN ARMS. South Carolina's Struggle In 1876 Re'all ed by the Conditions in Cilorado. [A. B. Willi ams in Rtichmond News. We do not deny tiat ther is a deplorab'o lick of law and order and the requirements of civilization in some parts of the South; but there are others. We read in the newspa pers of members oft he Colorado Log. islature sitting at their placos with hugo revolvers decorating their desks and surrounded by guards prepared to resist by violonce and bloodshed the attempts of a certain faction of Republicans claitning to be members of the same body to onter the halls. The situation is curiously like that. in South Carolina it. 1871. Democrats and Republicans each claimed to have a majority of the louse, and each organized under its own Speaker. On a certain day the Democratic membhers marched to t he State Ilouse, headed by Col. J. L. Orr, now the respected and staid president of one of the largest cotton mills in the State, who knocked aside the door keeper and led his cohorts in. The rival bodies occupied the same hall, the Speakers sitting side by sido, twe nights and three days, as we recol lect. The United State troops were at the front door, and while they would not ojoet the )onocratie claitanlt'3 they refused to give permis9ion for any of them to go out and retirin. Consequently, those legislators were kept locked in the chamber for the time indicated, along withi their Ito publ)Iican opponents, everybody arm od to the tooth, and expecting trou ble to break loose each minute. A wenber from each IHouse al(lrossing and recognized by his own1 speaker n(11 speakilng at the top of his voice wvaR a conumon incident of this nerve cracking peoriod. Rep)orters and others who had the right to go in and1( out f the chamiber freely smug. gled in Winchester rifles, the bar rels thrust down their trousers logs and the butts under their waistcoaits for the D)emocrats, each of whom hat an average of three revolvers, besides th gnun wrappledl in hsis blanket oi overeoat, and1( probably the Hoepuli cans wvore equally well p)rovided(. Whiat a dIramtatic moment it watS for the sevenity odd( weary anrd red oyedl wIhite mecn who had1 been elxpoet inig duriung all the hours of a long~ night to engog cit uany mocmeunt in fight in ai locked hall with t heir Ito pulicacn and negro opploneOnts rein forced by hundreds of dleputy serge ants at arms, whlen the murky ant chilly (lawn of t he flcember morning was suddl(enly cut by'~ the sharp, facm iiasr robel yell. Both factiocis ad1. journed to the windows and( lookei out ocn a line of red1 shirts, many o thecm Conifederate vet eranis, doubtb quickig in swift cadence up th steep bill from the special train tha had brought t hemc inc. Those we tIhe advance gulard of 5,()()() of th s4amce kindl who arrived before nioont clattering in on horseback at fl speced, singly anid by squads, tumn bling, hurriedly from regular an< speciail t rains, eager to fight any thing or anyb)ody for Wade Hlamp Lon and1( white rule. But that was twenty six years agc and the fight was for ai principle, an< involved the very life of the Statt This affair in Colorado is ai mor squaibble over a United States Sects torship, probably with a good dec of boodle mrvolved1 ini it. So fair ci the morality andI respectab)ility an civilization of thle transactions aim concerned, South Carolinia appeni to have very much the beter of it REMARKABLE TURN IN KING CASE. Man Wanted In Florence for Murder of Sam Rogers, Who Was Captured in Denmark. (The State.) Denmark, S. C., February 12. Wm. C. King, wanted in Florence County for the killing of Sam Rogers and the wounding of Jaues Rogers, was ciught here today. The firm of May ield & King, con posed of Senator S. G. Mayfield and Wm. C. King, tobacco planters, has been dissolved by the arrest of the latter. Our intendent and chief of police being wido awake, saw in the Mr. King, expert on tobacco planting, the man wanted in Florence County for murder and notieied the sheriff that he was here. Mr. Thos. Burch arrived hero this morning at an early hour from Florence and from descrip. tion given himl) said at once it was the mnu wanted. Expecting that King would give trouble to those trying to take him, and knowing that he would be armed and knew the Plorenco sheriff at sight, it was de cided for Mr. Burch to remain ont of sight and let our plucky deputy, Capt. Hunter, arrest the man. )eputy hunter was assisted by C. J. Baxter, and expecting trouble 'hey had to do their work quickly. King wts armed as expected, having a pistol im the inside pocket of his vest. Hefore going to arrest King his room was visited and in it was found a Vinchester rifle, which he brought with hin hero, and this was taken possessiol Of by the sheriff. Mr. King tells your correspondent that he went direct to Sumter after the killing, from Sumter to (Jolum bia, and thence to Denmark, where he has boon over since; also that he intended going back to Florence in time for court.. It seems strange that he should use his correct tiani hero, but it is true that no one thought. to ask hin his first or given name. Says he thinks SHtnator May field should pit, in a good word for him. Mr. King, I learn, called on Sen ator Mayfield Tuesday morning after his arrival here and represented him self as an export oii tobacco raising and made a bargain with the senator to plant. 10 or 12 acres on shares, he to do il t he work and Mayfield to furnish the land and fertilizers. Mr. Kiog was progressing nicely with his neow farmi when the law steps in to (lay. It is hoped thle senator will succeedl ini getting anmothier ptartnler to carry on this wvork, for it is believed that onur soil is thle very th inrg for to bacco. -F'lorence, S3. (., February 12. IWilliam King, who killwi Samuel 1togers anid seriously wounded James lRogers, near here two weeks ago, wams caiptuired at Dommark today by SheriffT Unrehi and is now in the county jail here. Four Babies at a BIrth. Mrs. Staniislaws Spyhalski, of TIo le'do, Ohio, gave birthi on Sundlay imoring to t w() girls and t wo boys. The children are atll alive and healthy. The mot her, who woighis 200) poundls, has lbnern sitt ig tip hel p1ig takte care of the babies. Mrs. Spyhalski is only 22 years old, but has ai wond(erfull recordl as a mother. When 10~ years old shte gave birth to twins, wvho lived ten days. They were takeni out one t stormy niight for baptism, arid it is thought the coldl resulting hiasteod their (loath. Th ree years later, while the cou pIe lived in D)etroit, she gave birth to triplets, but they all died wvhon very young. Nine months and sixteen days ago, she gave birth to a -sinrgle child, which is a strong healthiy infant todlay, although small. T'he now children weigh five Spounds each for t he boys, and1( three and six pounds for the girls. They have been niamed Sam Jones, The odore Rloosevelt, lIleni andl Doro ,thy. S A telegr:nii giving imformation was Ssonit to President Rioosevelt on Mon day afternoon by a local newspaper man. T'he father, a carpenter and a "youthful-looking muan, has been out of work nearlyvtall t.hn witar