University of South Carolina Libraries
7 ,I. . .1 "TAB3LISHIEM 1865.,__ NEWBERRY. S. Co, FRIDAY, APrI,,L 8,88 WC EK.~ 5)AVFAI ~~4- V\ SPAIN AND I THE GROWTH ANI GREATEST NATI TORY OF TI Founded on the ruins of ancient i Rome and peopled by the ruggedest i races of the middle ages, Spain easily ' conquered the old world and discovered I and overran the new world. Under the I rule of Charles I of Spain, better I known in history as Charles V of Ger- I many, the Spanish empire included the i wh9e? Iberian peninsula, the Baleario islands, Roussillon and Cerdagno north < of the Pyrenees, the island of Sardinia, I Siclly, Naples and Milan, Francho- { Comte, Holland rid Belgium and prao- 3 tiotly Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and I Transylvania. In Africa it hold the vast I domain which Portuguese adventurers z had seizads and in Asia the Philippine I archipelago. In North America Spanish t territory included everything south of 1 Savannah on the east and San Francisco r on the west, together with Mexico, Cen- E trtl Amnerica and the West Indies. a Spain 4oninated all South America, in- i einding Brai-. which was a Portuguese t C t CHARLES V.t province at the time Spain ruled Portu- 1 gaij The total dorwinion of Charles at C its senit4 was rbout 17,000,000 square I miles, double that of the czar of Rlussia r and inQnittely greater than th)at of any a other naonarch in history. Nor was d Spain great in size and strength alone. E She was rich beyond comnputatioji. Be- I sides the botindlessq resources of the fl Spanish peninsula, which the Roth- a sohilds consider suporior seonrity for enormous loans, thbe wealth of Germany, I Austri,a and the Netherlands was at the 1 disposal of Spain. All this, h.owever, was as nothing to , C the gold and silver that poured ln frorn I Amierica. The native monarchs of Mex- I: leo, Central America and- Peru yielddd I> uptertreasures at the commnand of a Spnhh adventurers, and the inines,1 workedi by. Indian slaves, produe::d the 3 preciousn metals in quan tities that daz- I> sled th~e .world -and intoxicated the 11 Spaniards. It is estimated that during l> the century which followed the discoy- 8 8AS ) . rLG CHARAVf ~ AflhPORTU E N 17 -e t IER PEOPLE. ) DECAY OF THE DN IN.THE HIS IE WORLD. iry of the now world 2,009_tons of gold md 6,000 tons of silver crossed the )ceau to be squandered in Spain. Penuni ess noblemen borrowed money to pay heir passage to America and returned nillionuaires. Common soldiers cam lack to the mother country with proces ions ot slaves. A certain Spanish sol lier was married iu Barcolona to the laughter of a nobleman and celebrated be occasion by giving away in alms 600,000 in gold and silver. Anothor oturued Spaniard stood at a window n his house at Madrid and throw into lie street, a handful at a time, two bar els of silver coins for the fun of seeing he rabble soramble for the money. Na ional extravaganeo kept pace with in lividual profligacy, and legitimato busi less was lost 8?3ht of in speculation. ipain rulod the most of the world and nubbed the rest of it. Upon her strength vas fotzndod the national prlds which iroved her national weakness. How Ruin Came. At her zenith Spain seemed to possess nvincible power. Only one nation dared o challongo it. That nation was Eng and. Spain's argosies were succossf ully ttaokcd in the south seas. Then came lie destruction of the great armada. Cho charm vas broken. Spain started in the downward path and never stop ied. Foes developed without and with n. Under Ferdinand and Isabella be au tho ruin of the country which their uccessors have completed. They drove he Jews and the Moors out of Spain. t is that fact in Spanish history which ecounts for tho nation's decadence. 'he Jew and the Moor were traders and rtisans. They constituted the middle lass, and they wero the people which ho fanatiism of Isabella and the dark cal of Torquemada banished from pan ish soil. When they wore gone, the res of the inquisition wocre lighted for ho thinkers, anid free thought wvas al owed no foothold under the crosa of lastilo. When the philosopher, the cientist, the inventor, had gone, there enmained only the soldier and the.pa at. From the days of Ferdinand to the ays of Weyler it has been the policy of pain to terrorize her subjects into sub iission by torture and butchery. From rat to last this polioy has been a fail ro. Early in the sixteenth century the iethorands revolted and formed tbe Tuited Proinea. The sturdy Dutch men destroyed Avhat remnants remained f she Spanish navy, and in 1048, at toroy, the Spanish Infantry, hitherto svinciblo, was beaten and1 forever roken. Portugal and her vast posses ions In three continents were lost in 840. Naples rovoltord in 1048 under fasaniello. lHe was assassinated by raves in the hire of Spain, and after a mng struggle the rebellion was sup ressed. Buat Spain's held on the two lcilies, onco loosened, was never so ro CAN N c GRAY sO EM IE OF iANASR E' IY: strong again. France seized the prov ines north of.the Pyrenees and Franoho. Comte. All authority in the German states bud long been lost to Spain, and the last Spanish king of the Austrian dynasty, at the oloso of the seventeenth century, saw his realm the prey of the great powers. Equally disastrous woro those ,..mos in the colonies. The Dutch, Fronoh and EUglish seized f '(1thold in the Guiana and then helped themselves one after another to the smallor islands in the Caribbean sea. By the time of the Dutch war of 1005 the protensions of Spain to universal (ownership) in thoso regiois were wholly ignored. The English seized Jamaioa. Tho French first took Tortuga and thence sent out filibusters, who prosently drovo the Spanish out of Haiti-Hispaniola, Little Spailn-nnd made it a French province. Even Ha vana was attacked moro than once. Drako had a fruitless venturo at it. Penn and Vonablos, who took Jamaioa, tried to take it, but failod. England did storm the forts in 1700 and hold the city a few years, then gave it back to Spain. By tho end of that century Trin idad, too, was snatched away, and Spain's connorco with the American colonies substantially destroyed. Eng land camo to her aid at hono in the Napoleonic wars, and then Franco in turn helped Fordinand VII to hold his throno. Spain Los.6 n Continent. Early in the iiinctevith century re bellions Legan in Sotith America. So oret societ-ics were formed which had for their object the throwing off of the Spanish yoko. The chief founder and promoter (if these was at Spanish creole of Venezuela, Franciswo Miranda by name. 1io.hnd served under Washington in the American Revolut ion and had bo coino thoroughly imbovil w ith the spirit of ihorty and with tho principles of ro publicanism. What had been donoe in North America could, hu thought, be done in South America. Ho therefore forined in London, sinoo it could not // TH ALAZ sael e oo tCaacs te"Ga Rounion A morionn~~a.InohiBlvr gra unoad Nohig of imor sfel b8e0 whnena Caracas, thenlyGros again AoriSpas Internor, BMird and Bolivarthaing thre irevoale. Two years0 year cofiroloda node pocasing bftrtle nturentsa reolton, n earh nurof pc oeoplo.d The Interstioftho groopt Dofthe inonthgghf itpwa tan omen, tchievew dow thei A rile 1erte 1810 surenderad,can openl rello awaist tsSanishgoror Mirandaptrd takn~o onpain and foloed, no promur fored,e in a esurgent. sed. Boliv0an ar esuake ito dethoed Ceihbrings,prolinca numer ofrp.opl. '1h tjrttis tropn Otiber in812.nt hougvar ieetered Vanez111o1) wth 500i heir dcaring dwar sorted iory rnr Agust8,he re-o wasnted arend. indauph The cae taeertos an h'and dio ine prion-mur-n dored,m ityr boe thro .strugglolwvnr on, ntw 182,r heNwGandaan Venezuola withre unitedlan ndpend t, the kantife thane Span. Vtor being lowte victory. In Augst22,8 her fre anter startca in tri5undh. Then name reverse., aeru itsdlfoand ebto aaica Forsanke yeror the sr udonle-et Vemngel wnerentdt ind exnd trepubli thenyder the upin of 821,ond Guatemalatofthe inuih troop enga Amrica-outin 1824. Ncaor a adedov tonten heblaa iriv2.eru fa ehind. aoruat ined was unrol the n thew o thde yokndfpa. in 1821ean, an. lowed in the samo year and the Argen tine confederacon,af ter a ten years' war, in 1824. Brazil had been lust to Spain in the secession of Portugal, and Florida was ceded to the United States in 1819. Nothing was now left to Spain in the western hemisphere except Cuba and Puerto Rico. Rebellious Remonants of an Empire. Beyond the roar end of the Spanish peninsula, a few islands adjoining her shores and a penal colony in Africa in which political prisoners are starved and torturod Spain has nothing left but Cuba and the Philippines, and both aTo in revolt. (3olumbus declared Cuba to be the "most boanutiful land ever beheld by human eyes." Hor peaceable natives the Spanish exterminated with every horror of torture. Since there was. no gold in the island Cuba.was neglected and ignored for many years. But the Spanish colonized it and ultimately found that its sugar plantations and to bacoo fields were mwee profitable than gold mines. For two conturios it has proved the most valuablo of all Spain's possessions. Cuba finally grow tired of being plundered by Spain, and roballio, after -rebellion aroso, only to be ruth lessly suppressed. Thou came the fa. mous ton years' war and finally the present formidable insurrection. The smaller island of Puerto Rico, which,, with Cuba, makes up the remnant of Spain's empire in America, commands but slight attention. Its history has boon colorless, its individuality not sig niflcant. It hangs upon the fato of Cuba. The Philippines form an important link in the great volcanic mountain range lying off the-Asian coast-Kam ohatkn, the Kuriles, Japan, Formosa, the Philippinos, Borneo, Java. Thern are two large islands, Luzon and Min danho, seven others of considerable size, and uncounted hundreds of smaller ones, down to the merest dots of verdur ous rock on the sea. They are all made of volcanio rock and coral and abound in valuable minerals. The climato is tropical, but the height of the moun. Los - I . 9,O'SVIL? tain andplaeausmake itenduabl to Eropans Thetotl aea o lad i ea,ric and plteu aous mail enuabl toprsaoeril. Theare arf lu-i fal00esqu ie, pindeop they uaind emurs 8ga00,00. The fora i peonerthey itselfs Neg~risiereak,robabl andeh cahors Ten Plyn, esana vatn vaie tydotheniMalaynd perneme baring floe i getmers, rc and ofatfaeas t~ahemp Jpnese thae brcoee Thereng wte buf fale, igs,ayelophe, onoses aneds landwhe thloe. SAsh arte peple d.e are Spamuch popudlaios oeryf Spain. Itdsel.tryo. comere poably coier bhole. The areyteashipns, ain rad, tenlayaphnces, and am inr g radumersn of l6,0,00at years thell tent, itpmaydweity, eto oss the rin-o land whe the Spanios in ethellerd. bl here aren soteship ines,urahil, radgay tpaeraphs buy stre, and canfes, parks and palaces, hotels and theaters. The inhabitants are an amiable and handsome racs. Fortifled flties of Spain. The fortified citios of Spain on the ;orth and northwest coast are Santona, San tander, (Ooruna, Ferrol and 'Vigo; on the Atlantic, between the Portu guefe frontier and the strait of Gibral tar, there are Pales, MA Lucar, ner the mouth of the (Guadalquiver river; Oadiz and Tarifa, In the Mediterranean are Malaga, Cartagena, Barcelona, Pal amos, Tarragona, Almeria and Alicante. Barcelona, Cartagena and Almneria were formerly looke.l upon as the most for. aitrle feezawss a en '6Aavsmn - e - ; I HAVANA IN 1.-C-Flt eann, but their forti iileations aro now in locay, no little attiulion liaviig been paid to them sinlv( tho wars of tho renoh revolution thal, with thu excop. ion of a few modirn hatteries hore and therv, thuy aro not worthy of cuisidera tion. During the wars with Napoleon overy port of Spuin was put I a thor 3ugh state of defenso by English mloney, but since the $paniards havo bemn left to their own dvicos the fortifications baye beon neglouted, aid oveni forts and batteries of modtrn style are mounted with old fashioned imoothhoro guns, utterly ineffoctivo i modern warfaro. At the eutranic of t1be Mediterranean are two points which if properly forti led could bo held agaiist, the naval powers of tho world--Tarifi on the Spanish side nud Centa on tho opposito Boast of Africa. Tnrifa is. in the judg metint of military critics, eupable of bn Ing made as inivulnerable as (-libraltar. All the seaports of .1-mini have striin ger fortifications on Oheir iand side than on that toward the sia. 'his odtl cir Bumstanco is a relic of the French inva fion in the early years of this century, and also signiflcatt of tho turbulent oondition of the country ever sinef, ior Ihe cities of Spain aro, in tho judginolt Af the governmnt, in moro danger from the Spaniards thumselves thni from a foreign oenmy. On the bay of Biscay, Dorunn and Forrol aro the principal fortresses, while at Vigo there aro two imall forts -o protect tho entrance of the harbor, and San Sebastian, tho royal residenco during the summer, is guarded by a medimval castle and two or thro. water batteries. Corunau and Ferrol aro situated on thu samte bay, about ~20 miles apart, and the latter is the site of the largest navy yard and marine airsonal in Spain. Spanisha ChnaractorIstics. The story of Spain fromt great Charlos V to little Alfonso XIII has no paraillel In the history of the world. Historians and philosophers exlauin the phienomi enon according to their individual ideass. Protestants attri burn the fall of Spain to religiou, higotry and thu suppressioni of Indepondent thought by the inquisition. Dno Catholio wvriter, on the other handi, maintains that lonioney in dealing withI beresy marked that beginning of na bional decay. Haud Charles V been duly tiiligent iu stamipinug out the refornma tion in Germany, says this wvriter, Spain would never hanvo dleteriorated. The po LItIcal eCOtk iSt t(eaClcs that the enor asous wonIlh brought from America ini itead of enriching really imnpovorished Spain, sinico it induced nieglect of htoam industris atndo generated an extrava gance whieb became t he ruina of t ho na tion. Buckle finds, or t hiniks ho Ids, the cause, partly at least, in I ih supJer ititious reverenice for authority which kept the Spaniards faithful to church and state, eveni while they knew the one lo be corrupt and the other incomupetenLt Pride of character and an arrogance that mxited the hatred of all foreigners anmd the antagonism of all foreign states, sho waurli keit 1 s of t hoMpanuishi popeIO, monfirmued by eight centuries of const a.it xonflict with the Moors, draiin~g tho hountry oif its best meni andmo leaving only the weakly andl infirm--wacht and every ane of these causes, together with in ruemerable others, has bjeen upheld by TU NA AA Jtt A."; 01.1) PAI.NTj:, . atbl 11dv<l-lite". ]',o Ohw c:",-I w :t, Inly, the flacI is lipnr t 11h.0 thet vr .a. est nlationl (4 thil t, n M 'nt1rv i1111 a111li g th" least. ()f th1- 16iin 1 k-m,h. The( tweutieth cetutry mnay fintI hur nothing but at muemory. Spain uv aluid ini-h mrchiftwcture, somu art andl littlo litvraturo. Tilt ..\ hanlibral, the1-:0ra 11111 thlt M.\m.1z. aru marvvls (if hwmlY ywi:d ;:v;md-ur. in a book k-onspivnu s for- irictillne:s ! to Spain Mr. Chr ." thmt Spaniardk aro p labl.y b- :-; m-Arrst omd in Ant erica th:n iti pn ,h, in V1-urop.. I I fact, tho Ipi l.11. fn1 " ('11otion 1if he1 bpanlliai'dJifr wrapped ini at lia \-iIIw Umos viga rvee and c(1nonli1!i d;rk ded - rt of cmrialic. opora 1llin w h p:i,.i is vruellv. 'his al-i:uity is fully qui oi by tho Spalihl iA l (11r.. d Af. or ieans--or "1,). i mees" they N ( all us. Th !) l1k :j ' :I s a :1 W.cios tif plutmocrat ic i r hu ,v. how.so l1wr rit Jiv., in our Oud!ar , whosi jrmiirs art, boorishl and whoiso ;,(v,I rNI111nt. i.' thm mnost corrup( alld nilwn (Ivterl11aring il the wvorld. It is not. lwkvays ple.ditto 2 /N one rei!s in S ani- t .o r.t att pricipe o rHigidi,\\ h' i na i rt alivi an I t u',alo ; :n in iu pu l ati l .strikle gare lh , :':: n v. er a. 811nal1 liberity is t. ''L-'n ':3, 4n ri' n'i( sur1gingj in o(n3 's h,i ..31 .\' ai I:.' Ii*r uf Aiteri u is -jien i ly n P:a I i n l : the na1t1lionl hadi , j, i -.. 11r(idea ' chbarneerLI, for1iOltId ' 1 l' n !3nivyn hi. wotrbi tuver, a111l the iiianhol is viery liko othber 1111n, raie that1.Il he is down oni his~ luck. Like mii'. II,[II;.!13wh hanV known 'VOI prseity, h'eP find itlI diu iet, to mai1gnificenJt stand111oint ofI his iJI achev *3 - The Msslle That DidWt Co. 'l -; 1. 1 l, l -I N t. A\ in t .s in it,a ;riiit i nl 14) ll l ittsige r, A lift 'IN( re- Im 1 144.1 n 4ate ' . 1 il 1,:psi lls I W . o- i t tnill \ ill ('4011np0y W Ith1 1e rn I-sr t IP4,n11%141 lif by W ashV in g oin, A pri (I .-Not withst and ft t h iinant i nd a t diisappoint. m"n 'rso ilmo ll()Isl, by thll Withi I bi'' it'if i:rt 'n i h ifets me1sage, t i fr t tt l'rf til l, h .i chid [i t, to 1 S i"- htpromi 1)t I h ofr'rals ti il u a coml'so was 1 Hl"n d Ite l t vy 1411.4s-mrY by) Ilf fto< ' t I A o tl A iniriennt tit ill in ' a a s s ii i'l. I n m I tt i o acceptl thi i' all I itt t 'Wit 'lI iit h. Hot ltho F everti-Fn,ate ern thCsue.s oF tevoeawth w \i\hwh, inl thet talkeden lo \I. rwlh a viv itrong n prvSioln 't li 11i .i-t -; It ' \ t (I l in l \ I I, nu esSp inin -1i thu vowy Vt I .% s t-Io t n w ho Ia t it I : v - - ' :I I i t lin''slige,I l \, lta wi ti t inn i> bIe l a: ImI11 1 . 1iuI th s wh\ Io lIv. eN4 beenI takn Ir in, t ., , IIho rIleni inovo. m.l I It tit: l ho \'w N.i adhlit t ho p)(s Il ihy tat I W i t l "r. 'ub tlr e co h g t h I , t.,I. I I t 1 t 1 t vc I Ii 1 * I ' it f to4 luadvirS of h, I avI mInII, Im< ro dIll h r i- l ii 1.\ fr I ti il it ti 1\ oh l wh t ' llv- o . Thwy, how mil , r tiitld wIt h it ' i t ( hov 111n\ o It-v v Ic Iis it h t'lr cto1 Ir ift h I Im< s-Igi.. Johnson'"s ChIll and Fever T] onic Cures Ffever 1,n One Dy itk iith~~~~ I is 4ea ej - 4 s ' . It| . -| (-- p'