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yi Fr..~ ESTBLSFED 86. EWBERRY, S. C., WEDNESDA.Y, NOVEMBR 2,183 "THEEIDUCATIONALPROBLEMIN TUE SOUTH-A PLEA FOR THE EDU CATION OF THE MASSES." [Address delivered before the Literary So !eidties of Newberry College, June 1892. by er L. E. Buslry, of lAesvil:e., S. C.] Young Men of the Literary Societies fNewberry College: I deem it unnec essary to express my high apprecia tion of the honor you have shown we in electing me to address you-an honor augmented by the two-fold considera tion that, on the one side, it is the spontaneous expression of your kind suffrage, while on the other, it is a zcompliment unsought and unexpected. The prestige of this position, long since secured by the orator, the scholar, and the statesman, lays your humble speaker under an embarrassing weight, the avoidance of which would be a source of pleasant contemplation. I have, however, made the oft-repeated advice of the sainted Dr. Bittle, founder of Roanoke College, the motto of my life: "Never to shrink from any work when duty calls." Under the inspira tion of that feeling I am present, not to presume to teach you, but with you to discuss matters of grave moment. it is more than a passing pleasure to review, in some manner, the associa tions of other years. Almost twenty years have come and gone since the tender ties of college days were broken. - The iron trtad of intervening days and weeks and months and years has ruthlessly shattered the speculative and ideal images of those innocent (?) days-the fantastic dreams which wrought a weird influence over a younger life have faded from the mem ory-and under the stern law of real existence and rigid discipline, the links that bind the heart to other scenes seem one by one to break; yet deep down in'my heart of hearts there is, and has always been, that loyal love for that kind mother-alma mater whose breast furnished the intellectual nourishmnent for my first young life; whose gentle arms sheltered my inex perience; and in whose indulgent heart I found a ready forgiveness for every wayward step. In this presence I re pledge that love-the honest love of a loyal son! I present as a subject for your consid eration, a plain and practical discussion of "the Educational Problem in the south;a Plea for Universal Education." Among the myriad questions of a worldly character that of Education rises, like Giant Saul, proudly above all others. - It has been justly styled the "Bottom?" In the majestic sweep of its onward tide the traditions and 5ntiquated policies of our fathers are - being swept away; and the revolution in the domain of thA social, industrial and intellectual realms for the last quarter of a century has, perhaps, found no parallei -in the history of nations. This iconoclastic revolution has broken in pieces the speculative ideals ofthe past, changed the entire aspect of great questions and policies; diverted .he current of public and pri vate thought; and has evolved a new and startling era in the annals of our history. In nodirection have mightierchanges been wrought than in that of educa tion. Here in the South we are brought fate to face with .the contrasted con ditions of the post-bellum times and those of ante-bellum times. Early in the settlement of the colo nIes and the organization of the States' fragmentary efforts were made to edu cate the youth of the country, and by the establishment of private schools to furnish facilities for the intellectual improvement or the people. But a critical study of the syst-ms of educa tion will show that they were shaped by such a policy as to militate against -the education, and consequent eleva tion, of the common,-classea of our citi zens. In the Northern tier of States popu lar education early struck the public heart, and readily received the encour agement and support of the State; while here in the South educational development was left in great pa rt in the hands of the individual. We have not far to look for the cause of this ab normal state of things. The Southern coloniste were the scions of aristocratic English famniiies, whose feelings and sentiments were embedded in the hearts of their descendants; and when these latter came to these shores they brought with them the aristocratic feelings and inflated predilections of their sires. In their touch of all social, political and educational policies they left the impress of their narrow views and keen '-judices. In th' aonmain of education the ethi cal idea prevailed; whilst the utilita rian idea, and the great principle of human brotherhood found but a mea gre tooting. The beau-ideal was found in the elassic gentleman and in the ab struse accomplishments of the higher mathematics; while the practical, the every-day, the "homespua" branches of an education were decidedly insigniifi cant. Such a system naturally moulded two classes of citizenship-the aristo k crat and the commoner-the lordly and th~e lowly-the master and the serf. The former by reason of their we,alth rose superior to circumstances by' re education "beyond the Sea"; the latter, ?~ helpless both by poverty and ignorance, were dependent for their eduication Iupon the meagre advantages of Infre quent private schools. The proof of this statement may be drawn from the public records of Sir Wmn. Berkeley, who, in 1671, wrote this remarkable ntence,-"I[ thank God there are no /reschools nor.printing; and I hope 'e shall not have them for a hundred 14ears; for learning has brought disobe ience and heresy and sects into the g'orld, and printing has divulged them .d libels against the best government. '~d'eep us from both." MWe are not only startled at such a timent, but we blush that it ever nd an advocate in the section in ch we live! ith such officials to govern thej e, and such sentiments to orig and enforce public policies we ,not wonder that ignorance anid e"ay have fettered the minds and -i the consciences of the masses te hundred yeans! A period of Stransition came, however, 100 0g. The Revolution of 1776 1along with the horrors of a -ry strife one of the greatest Sever bequeathed to the wit, our emancipation from 4pendenlce upon England for *ional facilities. The changed . , with that country coerced o sof self protection not only for iy but for the mind as well. - "self-evident truth" in the tion of Independence, "that all ~ecreated equal, and that the 2ble rights ot life,,liberty and rsuit of happiness belong to Sman," was the outburst of an consciousness, whose voice had n supipressed and whose power g been paralyzed. In that decla there lay enshrined the prophecy urance of liberated minds as u lberted bodies. Enslave the minds of men, and you makea nation of serfs! In the boundless resources of this Southern territory, waiting for the cultured brain and the skillful hand, lay the gold-paved way to prosperity and happiness, The gateway to this golden path was the scbool-house, and it was shut! Those who stood upon intellectual Horebs foresaw the em phatic needs of the people, and their convictions found utterance in no un certain tones. Washington, in hi memorable Farewell Address, gave expression to these words: "Promote, as an object of primary importance, institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge. In proportion as the structure of a government gives force to public opinion, it is essential that public opinion should be enlight ened." He recognized that a people sudden ly thrown, by the fortunes of war, into the arena of self-respect and self-de dependence, must be the projectors, the framers, and the perpetuators of "the best government the world ever saw:" Republican in form, and Dem ocratic in principle, this government was to become the consummation of all the wisdom of the centuries, and the splendid outcome of all the gov ernmental experiments of past history. Under such a form of government as ours every citizen becomes a potent factor. All classes are called upon to consider questions of every character pertaining to the welfare of the coun try. They are to consider and adopt, as Professor Painter, in his History of Education, has well said, "principles of human liberty; schemes of internal improvement; questions of finance and ed ucatioq; our relations with other countries,"'-in a word, I-may add, to devise, to test, and to adopt such sys tems and measures as will adjust them selves to the genius of our country, prepare every class for the dearly bought functions of citizenship, and exalt this nation to the focal-gaze of the centuries. Such duties and the attainment of such ends require a high degree of popular intelligence. "The illiterate," It has been truly said, "are clearly incapable of performing these high duties.' "They must, therefore, remain mere ciphers in society, dead weights and impediments to progress, or positive and active tools to endan ger the existence of our free institu tions." In meeting th - plain ande impera tive demand of the people, how did the two great sections of our coun try answer the question? The New England States decided upon an aggressive Dolicy in all educa tional directions; the South, either by obtuseness of mind, or shortsighted ness of policy, or worse than all, by flagrant disregard of the universal good,.repeated the suicidal measures of the past, and thus left the masses a! most as helpless as they were -before. From that day to this that class of our population has been the "football of fate," the "hewers of wood and the drawers of water." Southern writers have endeavored to minify the opprobrium of such mis shapen policies of our fathers. The scars still remain! The diisimilarity of temperaments, changed physical conditions, and the diverse character of antecedents may palliate the guilt; they cannot atone for the sin of our fathers. The direful effects of their sinister actions are still felt, though ten decades have come and gone, and like a fetid sore, continues to rancor In our social and political organism. The earnest, eloquent pen of Thomas Jefferson was wielded in the advocacy of popular education. "I 1ook," says he, "to the diffusion of light and edu cation as the resources most to be re lied on for ameliorating the condition, promoting the virtue, and advancing the happiness of man. . . A systern of general instruction which shall reach every class of our citizens, from the richest to the poorest, as it was the earliest, so it shall be the latest of all the public concerns in which I shall permit myself to tahre an Interest. Give it to utwin any shape, and receive for the inestimable boon the thanks of the young, and the blessings of the old." He prophetically saw that the hope of this Republic reposed in the lap of intel:igence! Would to God his elo quence had stirred the soul, and his p-n pricked the conscience of our Southern people! I have quoted this patron saInt of "Southern Democracy," young gentle men, not to instruct you, but with you to stand in wonder at the shabby spee tacle of our inconsistency! Punctil ious in our political creed, violators of its spirit, and Insensible to. its obliga tions! It was doubtless true that many cir cumstances hindered the benign work of educating the masses. Pioneer ef forts are always Imperfect, and nees sarily of slow progress. The broad expanse of country-the arduous strug gle for physical support in conquering the stubborn soil-the poverty of the settlers-the later impoverished condi tion incident upon tne Revolutionary3 struggle-the lethargic Influence of climatic conditions,-thesae and otbers fought with Spartan endurance against the supre.macy of popular Intelligence. But God has written upon the frontlet of the national, as well as the individ ual, heart, "Fance Omi!-"vr come every obstacle." The sure pro phecy of a brighter day lay enshrined in the unfettered mind, rather than iri the unskilled hand and the-ill-directed foot. Intelligent zeal can accomplish more in a day than ignorant applica tion of blind force can perform ina month! The fatal policy of educating the fewa by keeping the masses in the thraldroi of ignorance has, like the viper's eggs, hatched a horrid progeny of evils evils which, in their far-reaching re suIts, cast a gloom over the splendor of the 20th century! Let us now recapitulate, and thui measure our present educational- con ditions: I. The ancetral impes and predi. lections of the first settlers of thesa Southern colonies unfitted them foi undertaking th' experiment of a frei republic. Unlik- the settlers of Ne, England, who fled for conscience sake to these Western shores, to dii their fortunes from the "virgir mould,"-these came "On wrealth intent,, On plasure bent, An ncontent, To ecli the flowers, and evade the thorns,' and when the life-and-death struggi for existence came-as soon it did comn -they discovered that the "high pre cedent of birth" ill-comported witl their new modes of livnng. 2. The ill-advised schemes whic1 naturally sprang from these Utopia predilections fostered the ascendane: of the "chosen few" by subjecting tb highest welfare of the majority. All along the palimpeestic scrollc our national history we may discove the plans and schemes by which tb aristocratic class has been upheld a the expnsen of the paunp and the illi 3. Systems and policies in Cliurc and State have crystalizea these in fiated ideas, and thus laid deep the stigma of our reproacb. 4. The subsequent induction of sla very served to aggravate existing modes of thought and action by af fording the means for supporting thie lordly caste, and thus serve to fasten the Gordian knot of unjust and op pressive measures. I have mentioned these things, young men, not because it is pop ular to do so, but because strict honesty demands it. I trust my words are measured, not by the gilded scale of the cringing, chameleon-hued sycophant, but by that rugged, honest standard of unvarnished Truth. Absolutely nothing noble can be attained by ignoring or winking at the facts as they exist. The brave, the manly thing to to do is to look these facte full in the face, and by deter mined effort attempt their reform. We may well tremble at the grievous legacy of the ill-timed policy bequeathed to us by the dead generations. While we rejoice over the grand achieve ments of our sires, we are frank tolac knowledge their unfortunate mistakes. Error bears a prolific offspring. The distempered ideas of one generation become firmly rooted principles in the next; and every effort to break their fatal grasp will meet with satanic op position. I have presented this tangible and rerI status of affairs, young friends, to disabuse your minds of the delusive Idea that the "Golden Age" of our Republic has come. - We live in the age that will try the very souls of men. Startling issues are being sprung that will tar your strength, and test the wisdom of philosopher and statesman. A wonderful revolution is sweeping away the old landmarks. The ancient foundations are being tried by our lat ter day criticism. Traditions are los ing- their force on the public mind. The people of every class from the forum to the forge are beginning to realize that every man must think and act his own part in our national drama; that this nonopoly-of-brains policy is in direct antagonism to true prieiples of equity and independence. he "besetting sin" of the South has been the dictatorial assumption of au thority by the few to the private and public detriment of the many. In blissful patience and attenuated hope the masses have been waiting for the day of their educational redemption. One hundred years since the Revolu tionary War have marched with slow tread to the funeral chant of blighted hopes and fruitless aspirations. At la8t the day-dawn seems to break upon the peaks of self-independence and intellectual freedom. z The poor man has found upon his wrists a two-fold chain-the one self imposed, the other forged by the re -lentless usurper of his rights. The time has come when these chains are to be bro.cen, and hence forth he is to stand a freeman among his peers. The first great step towards this end in the South was taken early in the present century- in the enacunent of laws for the founding of free schools. The various enactments, however, lay virtually a dead letter upon the Stat ute book, so sporadic were the efforts; and so meager were the results. It was not until the establishment of a permanent 14ree School System since our last Civil War t?hat the doors of our school houses have been thrown open to all classes. In the beginning the system was wore or less imperfect. Ill-adjusted in some respects to the deepest needs of our people; un wieldly in its complex machinery; and abused in its management, the system has at length been shorn of its imperfections, and is accomplishing an untold good among our people. Additional reforms will come, not so much in the system, as in its applica tion, until at no distant day the s:ig. ia of our illiteracy will be wiped for ever from the Censui Report, and the South with her triple burden will proudly stand as the peer of the North. Following in the wake of a disas trous war, which, in the abolition of slavery, broke down the wall of sepa ration between aristocrat and comn moner, this Free School system has ameliorated the condition of the labor ing.classes, in whose interest it was mainly founded, by placing within his reach the brain-directed means to an easier livelihood. In the short space of two decades the most wonderful re suIts have been accomplished. With marvelous success the splendid work goes on; but a stupendous burden still rests upon our hands. Here is the present status of the case: 1. Enrolled in the public schi-ools in the South Atlantic States are 3,i97,83f white children and 1,213,092 colored making a total, of, say, four and a half million? of youth of school age. Add to this, the fact that scarcely more than 80 per cent. of children are enrolled, and we have, as Mr. Mayo tells us, a grand aggregate, in the Southern!States of 6,500,000 school population. In 1880, 35 per cent. of the white, and 70 pe. cent. of the colored youth between the ages of 10 and 14 years, and 16 per cent. of the white and69 pei cent. of the colored between the ages of 15 and 20 years, were unable te write! And yet, in order to remove this great mass of illiteracy, we depend upon rulnDing the Free Schools less than one hundred days in the year! For the education of these childrer we expend $23,000,000 per annum, making an appropriation of $3.50 pe: capita for their intellectual training. From the U3. 8. Educational Report for 1888-8 we learn that the average an nual cost of educatiug each pupil it Common Public Schools of the South is $16.51, leaving a deficit of $13 00 pel capita, or a grand falling short of $85, 000,000 annually in meeting the eda cational demands of the young! Figures and facts are stubbort things, and yet they declare unmis takable truths. Every man upon our soIl is free, and he must be mad! worthy of that freedom. I endorse the proposition of Mr. Hogg, Superin tendent pf Public Schools, Fort Worth Texas, when he says, "If universa suffrage is based upon universal ed u cation, upon intelligence, upon the ability of the voter to read the name of his choice upon the s'-leeted ballot there is a necessity, and a demand fo) Irelief at once." These six and a half millions will ir a few years form the tissue of our socia~ Sorganism,,and assume by constitutiona enactment a direct participat ion in tb Saffairs of government. But how shali they be prepared for the high function of their position? The best system i Sthe world must necessarily remain ini active unless there be financiul strengtl Sto put its machinery in motion. So fa as the South is concerned she seemi futterly unable to meet the educationa rdemand of her population. Our highe Sinstitutions almost without exceptior tare stinted and crippled for wantc means. All these, too, are solicitor cial stringency makes it impossible to give. Bisidts, such institutions are not expected to clash with the free schools in their curriculum-their c.fice is to develop to a higher plane the training already secured in the elemen tary school. To do o herwise is to over step the limits assigned, and thus lower the dignity of the institution. We come back, then, to the great problem, "How can we educate, not the majority, but every child in the South." I reiterate, the public fund provided for this purpose, and as at present ma nipulated, is clearly insufficient. What Gov. Seay says of Alabama, is, alas, too true of every Southeru State. In his Inaugural Address he says: "The State of Alabama has not failed to do her duty. We would blazon it to the world that we do appropriate about one-third of our revenue to the cause of education, and yet we recog nize that the State has not the ability to meet this great emergency." And in the same strain, Mr. Palmer, Superintendent of Education of that State, adds, "Just now the South needs assistance as she has never needed it before, to en. ble her to educate her sons and daughters, that they may be fitted for intelligent citizenship and useful lives, and without assistance I fear the State will never be able togive thousands of her children; now verg ing into manhood and wowanbood, that education so necessary to qualify them for usefulness, to make them ornaments in society, and benefactors to mankind." It is needless to look to our "fathers and mothers," as S-nator Morgan as serted, -for the ed ucatioi f fthe young." Such expressions are ridiculous when we remember that fully one-third of the fathers and mothers can neither read nor write; while probably another third have the most meager intellectual at tainments. The very fathers and mothers upon whom the heaviest bur den of this duty would fall are unfortu nately the very class least prepared to perform the task. If, therefore, the parents and the State are unable to edu cate the young, how is the imperative work to be done? I presume to answer the question. I believe it can be done effectively. 1. By Federal aid, as has been sug gested by the Blair Educational Bill. I am aware that such a measure has met, and will continue to meet, the opposition of our statesmen. It is claimed that such a step would con flict with the theory of State's Rights and our conception of Federal Govern ment,-a theory, by the way, that has not been sustained by the arbitrarment of arms! "These political theories form," says President Dabney, of the University of 'I:ennessee, "the greatest obstruction of the development of com mon schools in the South." "Many of our political leaders give these schools only a reluetant, half-hearted support, because they do not yet believe they are consistent with their theories of government." Let me ask this ques tion: "If the Treasury of the United States is to be emptied of millions in the selfish schemes of pensions for the Northern soldier, why sbould it be thought so criminal to expend some millions in the South to make the peo ple intellectually free?" I do not; however, press this point. Indeed I do not believe that aid. from an external source comports with the true dignity and-nobility of our people; nor do I believe that such aid would be productive of the most beneficial resolts. The strongq reliance of eVeP section must lie in its own domain. Lach sec tion must "work out" its own educational redemption. Most eminently is this to be the case in the South. With our long-engen dered predilections; a genius indigen ous to the soil; dissemilarity in tastes, customs, habits, and modes of thought; antagonistic in our theories and can ceptions of government, and possessing a tradition peculiarly ourown; we must depend upon ourselves for our libera tion from mental bondage. Although we have, in addition to a large per centage of ignorant whites, 7 or 8 mil lions of negroes, both nmentally and morally unfit for citizensbip; systems of livelihood largely undeveloped; vast areas of territory suffering from the want of diversified industry; and dis tracting exigency in financial matters; still I bielieve the apparently impossi ble task of educating the masses is to be the work of our own unaided hands. And I have faith to believe, also, thbat that salvation is within our reach if we have the stout heart and the invincible wilt to gras p it! "Faith. mighty faith the promise sees, And looks to that alone, Laughs at impossibi lities, And cries, 'It shall be done!'" But such blessings c'an come alone by the profound s udy and inaugura tion of economic measures, and the in tensification of existing forces; all these enforced by the impartial execution of rigi.l law. The first step is: To dieersify as well as intensify our industries and vo cations. It has been truly said that no people have ever become eminently prosper ous by depending upon a single indus try. The snail-paced policy of one ci op a year must be largely abandoned. New directions must be given to our energies by discovering and attempt ing tields hitherto unknown and un tried. Out of 265 occupations followed by the citizens of the United States, less than 37 per cent, claim the atten tion of our Southern people. Not only must there be improvement in the old, but there must be the introductiion of the new. Constantly increasing popu lation must be supplied through the cmanuels of varied enterprise, and these must thrill through the electric touch of intensified activity. When this is done, our people wi!l not be far from intellectual freedom. The second step is: To cheapen the means of obtaining an education. Economy must must be the order of the day. Channels of waste must be filled up. Efrpenditures be limited to necessity. Extravagance among all sexes and classes must be curtailed -not by that one-sided economy out lined in the stanza, "He taught his wife the sin of dress With eloquence and power, And then played billiards all night long, At sixty cents an hour," r- but the total abolition of that extrava gance which allows the indulgence of any vicious taste or prodigal habit, and 1 the application of the consequent say I ing to the uplifting of the people. The a masses cannot affo)rd exorbitant costs I of board, tuition and books. All these s must be reduced to a minimum. The i school house must be the fountain - head of "the moralities," the broader 2 economies, the laudable charities, the r self-sacrificing philanthropies; while at s the same time it must offer an irresist .1 ible barrier against prodigality, vicious r habits, 'inbridled proclivitie4 and sor , did sentimentality. It is a fact I be flieve defying contradiction that more jmoney is wasted in senseless display, 'a,ndr in the gratifiation of hurtful in dulgences and the acquisition of abnor mal tastes by the upper class of the people than would perhaps be required to educate the majority of the illiterate. This the crying needs of our South land cannot afford. The third step is: To inaugurate a thorough system of apprenticeship in all manual occupations. Clumsy work is always imperfect and unremunera tive. In this direction we have sorely suffered. The laborer works to con stant disadvantage. The physi-"labil ity to jag ofi a piece of timber with a saw, or carry a mortar-bod, entitles the one to be a carpenter and the other an architect! By positive enactment la borers should be trained and skilled in 1 their callings, and thus they would f acquire more than a paltry living. In other countries these laws are in oper ation, and the wisdom of such a step has for years been seen and felt. Thv fourth step is: Additional tax at ion. If we desire to see our section push grandly forward is the nmarch of civilization .our patriotism must be en kindled, and we must be willing to sacrifice more for our country'e wel- I fare. Instead of complaining about "ex orbitant taxation," we ought to learn that every dollar wisely expended in t an educational direction is the good seed from which shall spring abundant harvests. Whether-or not the Southern people accept the issue, and brace themselves a to the task, "the fact is," Mr. Mayo a says, "the South must in some way, within the next fifteen years, obtain twice as much money as she now has l for educ:itional purposes, or its schools cannot keep pace in their present t shape with the growing demand, and t millions of children will be crowded I up to the threshold of American ci i- l zenship, either illiterate, or with the e most meager outfit for life in the New s Republic." In order to inaugurate the measures v I have mentioned (and others which t want of time forbids a mere mention) 0 a complete revolution of sentiment and y policy must take place-a new spirit must take hold of the people. r It is a source of just pride to every t patriotic heart to believe that such a a revolution is beginning to work. In- V tellectual seers are standing upon- the b summits, and they behold the coming t day. There is a spirit moving upon the sea of humanity. Never in the a history of the South have the people e been so restless, so observant, so re- V flective. You read it in their faces, a you observe it in their movements, p it quivers upon their lips! When that h revolu-tion comes, like a shock of earth- 0 quake it will shake the old institutions S to their foundation; but we believe it ' will be the prophet of good! C The climacteric period in ournation- t al history has been reached. t One hundred years seem to mark r: the life of a Republic. Three genera- i tionm seem to be needed to measure moral and secular policies-the first to a adopt, the second to test, the third to a destroy. We need not wonder that in c this third generation of American In- 8i dependence the vast bosom of sixty five millions of people is heaving with b new thought, new emotions, new de- a terminations. Insubstantial theories t are crumbling away; effete systems are n vanishing; slavisn superstitions are P losing their bold upon the popular tl mind! The chai.ns forged in the fires of cen- a turies are breaking at every link-the 9 flood-tide of a new day seems to be C sweeping in! We bail the advent as C prolific of good. The. Insubstantial a and the impotent are to be submerged; ~ the true and good in Church and State C will outride the ocean storm. The God b of our nation is on the side of right! ' In conclusion: Young men, upon r you rests a part of the work I have t mentioned. In proportion as fortune d has favored you, does your responsibil- A ity increase. So eminently endowed ~ with mental gifts, and withal, so splen- a didly equipped by your college for in- ~ tellectual service, you are to feel the C irresistible demandi to lay them all upon the altars of your country, and ' like the young H'annibal, to swear eter- I nal hatred against enslaving ignorance C -the foe of our Southern land. t Here your lot is cast-here your life will, in all probability, be spent-here ~ will be your sepulture. Your life may I pant for ambitious beights! But alas! 8 inexperience and misguided genius ~ mray direct you into misguided ways. t The dizzy summits of fame and pomp and splend >r are not the home of the d truly great; but down here in the vale, ~ where the multitudes lie a-suffering- C down here the kingly men and queen- e ly women have their thrones! Here is the wide field inviting your best ser-t vice, and here you can gain the might iest victories! Go in to this field, young, men, and do your duty; and whben each of you shall fall the hosts of a liberated I people will forever embalm you in their loving hearts! THE EX-PREsIDENT'S BROTHER -1 Appointed to a Good Job by President Cleveland. WASHINGTON. November 14.-The President to-day appointed a number of collectors of customs and of internal revenue and other officers under the Treasury Department all for the North ern, Western and Southwestern sec tins. Among them was J. Scott Har rison, to be Surveyor of Customs for the port of Kansas City. He is the Democratic brother of ex-President Harrison and an active Democratic politician. Silver has declined to 71 cents per ounce in London, which makes the bullion value of the standard silver dollar 54cents. BALKED IN GRtEBNVrLLE. The Grand Jury of the County Evidently Regards the Dispensary Law as UJncon atitutional. GREENVILLE, S. C., November 14. The grand jury of this county has so far thrown out every indictment under the new dispensary law, although some of the cases were very strongly supported by evidence. Just full of improvements - Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets. To begin with, they're the smallest, and easiest to take. They're tiny, sugar coated anti-billions granules, scarcely larger than mustard seeds. Every child isi ready for them. Then, after they're taken, instead of. disturbing and shocking the system,l they act in a mild, easy, and natural. way. There's no chance for any reac tion afterward. Their help lasts. Con stipation, indigestion, Billious A ttacks, Sick or Billious Headaches, and all de rangements of the liver, stomach and bowels, are promptly relieved and per manenitly cured. They're put up in glass vials, which keep them always fresh and reliable, unlike the ordinary pills in woeden or pasteboard boxes. IAnd they're the cheapest pil1 you can Ibuy, for they're guaranteed to give sat isfaction, or your money is returned. You pay nly for the nood you get. WE HAVE NO "BULLY." Bill Arp Takes Excepdona to Page's Articli In the Forum About the *Southern Bully"-There Is No Such Char acter as the Author Describes in This Section-A Dense of the South. [Atlanta Constitution.] The Forum is a most excellent maga sine. It has ever been fair and liberal n sentiment towards the South. It is tmedium for advanced thought, a :onservative educator, and is always velcone at my fireside. But I confess hat I am not pleased with the editor's irticle on the "Southern Bully" in the govember number. Indeed, I did not tnow that we had such a professional nstitution in all our borders, and Mr. Page's twelve pages of philosophical nathema against him have failed to onvince me of his existence or of our langer from his lawless conduct. Distance does not always lend en hantment to the view. If Mr. Paze ived here in Cartersville he would be oon surprised to find that the bully vas not in these parts but was, perhaps, little lower down where the mosqui oes aggravate a man or some foul nalaria poisons his liver and disturbs lis serenity. When I was a boy study ug my first geography, I found there picture of a heathen Vhinee carrying n a pole a long string of rats for sale, nd so for forty years I believed that ats was the Chinaman's national food. ndeed, I was disappointed when I earne4 that they did not eat rats. I iad b;iieved it so long I wanted to con inue in the faith. In the same book here was a picture of a scene in Florida. t was a dark, slimy lagoon surrounded y a tangled growth of trees and vines overed with long moss, venomous nakes hung from the branches; greedy ultures perched in the treetops and ride-mouthed alligators were sunning bemselves upon the logs. That hide us vision of Florida lasted me for ears. Just so some of our Northren breth en have grown up with an idea that be South used to be full of desperadoes, nd is even now spotted with bullies 7ho are clinging to barbarism and rutality. They want to continue in bat faith. Mr. Page says "the bully is an old equsintance to those who know South rn life. He had much to do with the ,ar, the penalty of which other men rho bad nothing to do with it, had to ay with his oaths and his hrmor; he as s ratted through all the quiet ways f Southern life calling himself the outh and he leads mobs to avenge >ur women' * * * It has been left for ommerce by infusing itsinfuence into be body of local. public sentiment in be South to rid us at last of this histo ic red-handed, deformed and swagger Ig villain." Well, I am glad he has gone, if he ras ever here, for he must have been n awful bad man. Strange I did not Dme across him in my youth-st ranger ill that in the induction of the war minima pass fui" I did not recognize im and now in my old age I do not ee him with his last hold upon the broat of law and order. It seems to 3e that Mr. Page has set up the ten ,ins just to have the fun of knocking bem down again. If he means that those who voted for .cession were the bullies, than I plead uilty along with many of our noblest bristian gentlemen, such as Howell obb and Tom Cobb and Joe Brown uid General Evans and Colquitt and ~ordon and Nisbett and a host of thers wbom tb.e people of Georgia ave delighted to honor. Surely he is ot making a fling at these men. The ight to secede has long ago been set led, settled when the North did not are to try Mr. Davis for treason, their reatest lawyers declaring that he could ot be legally convicted. The South eceded-that was all. It was the North bat made war about it. Then who oes he mean by the bully who had auch to do wjth the war? Maybe he means the common soldiers, the high rivates, the "hoi polloi" who mainly id the lighting, No, he cannot mean bem, for they were patriots. Patriot sm was their only motive for they wned no negroes whose slavery was in eril. And besides red-handed, swag ering villains do not fight. They are owards. I remember but two or three own bullies in Rome when we wew caking up our companies, but they idqat join us. They dodged the war. 'hey had no influence in bringing it *n and took no perilous part in the onflict. Tihey never do. Who the bullies are that now have heir "last hold," as Mr. Page says, we re at a loss to know. If he means the lynchers, we must lefend themr from everything but ynching. They are neit her red-handed, leformed or swaggering. They are lot villains. They do not "pretend to he traditions of the old Southern gen leman." They are not a class. They bre a community. You cannot go into Lny town or settlement and pick them >ut and say this man will be a lyncher vben the horrible crime is committed. Mr. Page professes the highest re pect for B3ishop Haygood, as every ody does who knows him, and yet toes not seemi to respect his asseertion hat "the Southbern people are not cruel wud never were. They are a kind iearted people; good to one anothor Lnd to all men. They are kind to lumb brutes. Whatever may be true >r false about them, they were never ~ruel hearted. They were kind to the segroes when they were slaves-they Ire kind to them now." If this be true then where are the )ullies that these sweeping reproaches Ire hurled at, for it was thissame kind. 1earted class of people who burned the 2egro at Paris; the same kind who ilew the negro rapist at Port Jervis, in New York; the same kind that have tvenged the purity of woman in Illi 2ois and Michigan. The same red 2anded, swaggering villains. The only lifference between the North and the south is that the female victims here are hundreds to every single one at the S'orth. Over 500 have been recorded within twelve months. The human aature that prompts the lynching ii hbe same everywhere-everywhere where the innocence and virture oi woman is respected, and let me add the greater the respect the more speedy and terrible the punishment. Bishoi Haygood says "the South has alwayt been peculiarly jealous of its women.' MIr. Page throws a sneer at this whet be says it is theswaggering villain whc struts around and leads mobs to avengm "our women." Per haps he is not awarm that the marriage relation is muck: more sacred at the South than at thn North, especially among our commot people, who have not much else to livi for beside wife and children. Divorces are very rare in our courts, especially among the country people, the ver3 people who eompose the mobs whem the outrage happens, but who in al other things are the best citizens the world ever saw. Compare them wit] the North for ohbrliencto lna1w anr order and fop every white convict for felony in Georgia I will show ten in Mas.chusetts and twelve in New York in an equal number of population. Those are the tables from the last cen sus. We have but two white female convicts in Georgia. There are hun dreds in New York. And the state board of charities of Massachusetts id summing up their report uses this lan guage,"And now we find that there is hardly a country in the civilized world where atrocious and flagrant crime is so common as in Massachusetts." Now I am not arraigning any north ern State for its sad condition, but Iam defending the South from slanderous assertions concerning its morals-not only its morals but its good, industrious citizenship. For every pauper and every tramp that can be found in Georgia I will show you fifty in New York and nearly as many in any northern State. If idleness is the pa rent of vice as Ben Franklin said, then our people are not idle, nor is "over the hills to the poorhouse" any song of ours. No, the red-handed swaggering bul lies are not domiciled among our peo ple, but woe be to the negro or the white man wbo violates the sanctity of the housebld. How low down this sanctity can fall I know not, but Mr. Stetson, the statesman of Massachu setts, says in his report, "Within the last ten years divorces have increased three times as fast a W marriages, not counting the separations that do not get into the courts and now it is stated that not more than eight families in ten have preserved the honor and puri ty of the marriage relation." This is enough on the subject of that myth called the southern bully. As to the lynchings for outrage and the hnurder of a child, Dr. Haygood tender ly says, "It is an emotional insanity, and if it was my child who had been I thus dismembered I, too, might have ( gone into insanity that would have I never ended." e There it is in-a nutshell. Does any one think that a father would say, I "No, let us wait; let the law take its course." Could he say it while look- 8 ing upon the violated and mutilated corpse of a darling child? I confess a that I couTd not and would not. Let 8 me be classed with the bullies for this, t but this only. In all other things let d the law reign supreme. Outrage and : murder combined removes the brute at once from the human code and places t him along with the wild beasts, with t mad dogs and hyenas. If a burglar 0 enters my room in the night I may n shoot him before he takes my watch or I while he is taking it, or as he jumps from the window to make his escape. u I may continue to shoot at him and to J kill him if I can, even though I do not C know whether he has my watch or 0 not. What is that but a lynching- u lynching by one-and execution with- f out trial by jury. But for a crime in- ' finitely more horrible it is said that we a must await the law's dalay, even li though caught in the act. I have no patience witn such theories, nor would s I trust Mr. Page nor Judge Bleckley C nor Governor Northen to carry them out in a case that came home to his I house and his heart. BILL ARP. I THE CREAT PASTURES OF TEXAS- t .4t Enormous Areas that are Under the Contro' t of a Single Management. [St. Louis Globe Demociat.] Very few people at adistace.inth-mking of western Texas, understand that nearly the whole of it is at present fenced up in mammoth pastures, yet such is the case. I Many o&them are larger than ordinary 1 counties, and some of them embrace large parts of three or four counties. Just west of Belcherville,. Texas, come the Silvertiein, the Ikard, and Worsham pastures. This latter contains 50,000 acres, and has one line of fence twenty-three miles long. Pastures of about this size continue in almost unbroken suc cession until we reach Armstrong County. There' we find what is known as the. Goodnight range, the southern boundary of which is a little string of fence eighty-1 three miles long. Charley Goodnight, as the owner is familiarly known, is considered one of the richest men in the Panhandle, but I really feel sorry for 1 his boyn~ if he ever sends .them out on a hot iternoon to stop hog holes in that I line of fence. It is hardly likely that this is the case, however, as all fences in this country are -built to turn cattle and with out reference to hogs. There is a little railway station called Goodnight which consists of the Goodnight residence and I the depot. Mr. Goodnight lives in almost baronial style. His park contains deer, a drove of elks, and one of the few herds of buffaloes to be found in the Unitad States. Another fair-sized holding of land is that of the Espinella Cattle Company. This contains over 1,500,000 acres and takes in parts of Dickens, Crosby, and Emma Counties. If the land were in the I form of a square it would be about fifty miles each way. The Matterdore is smaller, but still includes rather more than 1,000,000 acres. These are both owned by syndica tes, with headquarters in London, and they are only two selected at random out of a large number. They have their bearing on State politics If- it were not for the Railroad -Commis sion, the uniform Text Book bill, and the alien landhoider question, Texas politics would not be worth shucks. The largest of these alien land hold ing belongs to what is called the Captiol syndicate, A few years ago the old Capitol at Austin burned down, and it was decid ed to build another on a magnificent scale. An English syndicate agreed to put it up, and in payment therefor they recieved 3,000,000 acres .of public lands. Does the reader realize how big 3,000, 000 acres of lands is? Imagine a slice of land twenty-four miles wide and extending across the State of Missouri at its north ern border. Such a strip would include the whole northern tier of counties, and would be larger than several States of the Union. Tins would be about the extent of the Capitol syndicate's pasture. Few people have any idea that there is such a thing as a single pasture, in one body and within one fence, larger than some States in the Union, yet such is the fact. iMore than that, it is owned by a foreign syndi cate. It takes in half the Deaf Smith County and parts of several others. Another large pasture is that of the X. I. T. Cattle Company. It begins with the Colorado line and extends several counties back this way. The Fort Worth aud Denver Railroad runs through it. Some idea of its size :.nay be gathered from the fact that the regular night ex press train enters on the south side of the pasture at 11:05, and, after continuous running, leaves it at 3:20 next morning. A pasture which it takes an express train three hours and a quarter to cross would be considered large in some countries. If Any One Will Use a case of the Harris Lithia Water and is not benefited, the money will be re-. JUST FROM JERUSALEM. Still Expecting Something to Turn up aa Confidence to be Restored-The Man Whio Has Means Is Wranted-The Experlence. Wil be Furnished. To the Editor of The Herald and News: Some time since, I mentioned, incidentally in a communication to you.. paper, that, should I come up missing, some fine morning, that par ties wishing to correspond with me, would accelerate matters by directing mail matter to Washington, D. C., care, G. Cleveland, Esq. I had no idea that such a trivial af fair, as the repeal of the purchasing clause vjould have so utterly absorted the attention of the Lords of Patronage as to have obscured the eminent qual- - fication of myself and a few others, who were waiting so patiently the workings of the law of gravitation. But tempas fugits et mutats and lam rude ly awakened from the pleasant reveries >f expectation by something like the ollowing: DEAR SIR: There is an urgent de' mand for some action on your part, hat would tend to the "restoration of .onfidence". You have worked the 'purchasing clause" of the supply bill, intil we feel it encumbent on us to no ify you that the "Senatorial dead ock" has, at last, been broken, and a -esumption of specie payment Is ordered brth with and immediately, if not ooner. Without grace or any other 7 >rthodox exercise to speak of, you will proceed to waltz to the time of rnd cts. SwIFT, BUSINESS & Co. Now, wouldn't that have been a 'daisy" to fall into the hands of my 'Private Secretary?" Ishudder to hink of it, and beg to acknowledge my asting obligation to the aforesaid G. )leveland, Esq., for holding my ap ointment until a "more convenient eason." I am in daily expectation of as dis atch, conveying the intelligence that have been appointed Plenipotentary nd Envoy Extraordinary to Jerusalem rith instructions to get a hump on me nd rustle up a sufficient amountof the. ina qua Lon, to meet the exigencies of be case, arising out of the electrical(?) emolition of the cloud with a silver oing. What a pity that "silverlined clouds" ave depreciated so that for the future bey will become theexclusive property f such low grade poets as those who aasquerade in the character of Poet - ,aureates of England. The prophesy that cotton would."go. p" upon the passage of the Repeal 3ill, will fgure as the last link in the hain of inspiration. The inspiration' ,f hindsight, as it were, for it has gons p out of the reach of the fellow who Alowed the "little brown mule" the rhole summer, and is now in possession f the only ones whoever make a decent iving out of it, viz., The Incabii. Grease of all descriptions has been o high that we have raised a fine crop f corn-in our brogans. Other varieties suffered from a sa >erabundance of water, and "sliort" is he name of it.~ Eight-pound yellow yam potatoes Is he way John P. Wicker figures it this' eson. We have kindly volunteered o bank his surplussage, and promisa)d o take care of them as long. as they ast. Our whole crop, carefully gath red, we feel, would approximate omething like eight ponns;- but, for ear that- this estimate may be too arge, we defer making a final rpr vill feel this reduction from our .n- - " ral average, which is a hamper ?il, >ut "There is no thorn without its ose,'' for John isa sound sleeper and he potatoes are banked a really phil inthropic distance from his domicil. The confidence of some people Is ruly beautiful anyway, and glass Loors to potato banks, with "Push and valk in," are among the possibilities af the near future. School matters in the land of the 'elect" are still in statu quo, which Is .*tin for "in a deuce of a Aix" This s not chargeable to tjijschooI board, or we are a law unto ourselves, good,1 ad orindifferent, as thecesse may be. The "Syrians are coming down like nolves on the fold," and report says hat several of the fairest that be i mong the inhabitants of Judea will eborne captive to the homes of the trangers. it must be nearing the ime, as the turkeys are getting so fat hat they have to sit down to gobble. It has been suggested that the "Pled nont Land and Improvement Corn >any" build an Intramural or Trans Jontinentai Railway from Newberry tation out to the city of Jerusalem, hereby securing, in connection with [ittie Mountain, the two most proba >ly passable sumnmer resorts on the South Atlantic Seaboard. It is In erred that the saje of preferred lots in he city of Irmo will secure enough of be available to insure the 1st mort ;age construction bonds, said bonds to 1un for aperiod not exceeding 90 Ways md to be held by the citizens' Eastern l'erminus as security against the trans-. nission over its system of U. 8. CIrcuit Fudges and blind tiger whiskey. After reading aui the opprobrium hat has been hurled at the Senatorial yortion of the body politic, I had-come ;o the conclusion that I would lose o>mething of prestige to cast my lot imong them, and had about agreed In niy own mind to allow 'Iman and Butler to have the race to themselves; mut, since the expose in your last issu >f the affairs "de Senectute," I must icknowledge to a slight change of pinion. In fact, it c nei so nearly zp to the surroundings of my palatial residence on this boulevard de Joni lab that I feel that I would experience but slight inconvenience in offering myself as a sacrifice upon the altar of my country's weal. I have not exact ly determined, but I rather think I'll go. It is true that I might be forced to call on one of my attachees to go to a door or window to throw out my pindar hulls, whilst at home-I can poke them out myself without trouble through one of the many admirably arrafged ven'tilatgrs that render my domicile a lovely inspiration as a sum mer resort. There is a fine opening for several parties with amnple means and small experience in this community; in fact, no experience whatever is needed to begin with, as we have enough and to spare, and promise to furnish It in quantities and qualities to suit the most fastidious or exorbitant demands. Any instrumentality heading off such parties and turning them in this direc tion will be 'pleasantly remembered, and on the day immediately succeed ing that of the sale of the effects of said parties, will receive the "freedom of the city" and a public expression of the gratitude of the populace. H. - If You Will Read the strong testimonials of persons who have been cured by the use of the Har ris Lithia Water, you will be convinced of its efficacy. tf.