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\\ K % VOL. 3. ABBEVILLE. S. C., TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 2. 1886. NO. 5 Water Transit. [Published by Request.] Trotter's Shoai-s, > Savannah River, Juno 5,1878.S Cyrus 11. McCormick, JCsq., Chicago. Dear Sir:?In a letter just received from Messrs. Gains & Yingling, New York, are the queries subjoined, which, sincc they relate so nearlj' to your interests, 1 refer to you, viz: "Can you give us any information concerning the Dorn gold mine ? Is it for 41 sale ? Is it now worked ? Does it pay ?" Doubtless to the second query I might answer, no?now the Augusta and Greenwood Railroad will pass by it ; that, on the contrary, you will cary out your original intention of building them to escape the horrible winters of the North. You will soon realize that the region embraced by Aiken and Anderson Court House enjoyes one of the happiest climates on earth. Equally removed from the great agents of atmospheric change, the ocean .and the mountains, it is exempt from destructive storms of wind, rain or hail. Blessed with sunshine and showers, throughout the year it is the surest for crops. There is just winter enough to keep insects in check, while the pomcgranite and the fig do not require to be sheltered. Through the operation of an obvious cause, the summer is attempered by a constant set of the air from a higher elevation, through forests and over innumerable pellucid streams. The nights are alwayfi cool. Living immediately on the banks of a river, half a mile wide, I am never troubled by mosquitoes. No where can there be found a larger per ceniage 01 population 01 seventy years and upward. Mr. Lee, who sold to J. C. Calhon his plantation on this river, a few miles below uie, was one hundred and fourteen years old when I last saw hiin. He was then brisk, and expressed himself to be more anxious than ever to live. Mrs. Fleming numbered her ninety-eight years on this estate. My nurse, "Aunt Peggv,'' died here, from the effects of a fall, aged 106. Her mother went to 115. Sevral of my tenv. ants, older than myself, still uso the \ hoe. 1 am an octogenarian, with the IVesh vitality of twenty-five. This is tnbeountry in which to grow old, comfortably. Orcourse you will add to your possessions on the line, destined in the early future to be one of the grandest throughfarcs of the continent. If you enlarge hitherward you may reach the Deculiar. eenerous "mulatto soil." ad mirable fur wheat, and which produces the finest upland cotton that grows. The famous Abbe Correa daSerra, many years Portuguese Minister at Paris, was transfered, in my time to Washington. He said the district including Washington, Ga., and the "Calhoun settlement," Abbeville, S. C., resembles the best section of France. Gov. Chamberlain, with a magnanimity consonant to his high culture and suprior intellect, paid the other day . "South Carolina offers the most inviting inducements to the immigrant. Her resources are almost indescribable. Her cotton, long staple and upland, her rice and corn, her facilities , for production and manufacture, are ab 8oIuteIy unsurpassed. * * * * For she is Massachusetts, Alabama and Iowa jrolled into one. She has great variety of climate and soil." He might have added that her colored people arc the best laborers, the best domestics in the world. In the spring of 1823. at the breakfast table, the Secretary of War, as if thinking aloud, said : "I'm sorry I can't spare Lieut. Talcott." "For what?" I asked. "Major Long ought to have an assistant engineer to aid him in exploring St. Pc~ ter's River." "Can I take the place?" "Yes, if you ' iFh." The second night I was off in the stage to intercept Major Long and his party at Columbus, Ohio. We passed a few days at Fort Dearborn, a dilapidated stockade, on the site of Chicago. I was taken in a canoe up the South Fork of Chicago River to a flooded prairie, whence the water flowed in one direction to tho Gulf of S.t Lawrence, in the other to the Gulf of Mexico. I did not then anticipate that in so short a timo I would become aware of an outlet intermediate to those two, one quasi* j. Arctic, the other quasi-tropical. In 1825, while visiting my friends near Pendleton, I heard of the failure of repeated attempts ao ascend the Whiteside Mountain, plainly in sight from the village. That was enough for me. ' \ * fc" ; . Taking a servant and a pack horse, T 1 went up Keowee River, and at the North 1 Carolina line engaged as guide a man i who had never been near the motntain. i The region, then belonging to the Chero- 1 kecs, was s? thoroughly a wilderness < that in our excursion of several days we i did not see the least sign of settlement^ , nor did we meet a single human being. ? W! 11? - X- * V 1 1 - * t - ruitiiiy, u uear pain icu us 10 mo sum- ^ mit of the mountain. On the way back t to my Naval Station I fell in with Major ( Long. I told him that at the Whiteside t the character of the mountains changes t from an unbroken range nothward to ^ isolated masses toward the South. That \ a canl communication with the West t should be sought for among the head- f waters of Tugalo Iliver. That the Cha- 1 tuga comes down at a right angle as a ( feeder, and breaks through the ridge^ { and that its great fall gives choice of , level. We arranged to make an early | reconnaissance, for it so happened that ( his mind had been long occupied with t the project of uniting the waters of the Mississppi with those of the Atlantic, ( somewhere through the Alleghanies. But as he wrote me, a certain influnce with the govennent had procured his employment far away. I was promoted and went to sea. Mr. Poinsett, President Van Buren's Secretary of War, recommended the establishment of barrrcks in the South, to be co-relative with those at Carlisle. Penn. He had in view the region immediately beyond Walhalla, for the reason that, being an apex of country, there is descent from it in directions through more then half the points of the compass. The sources of the streams running to the occean inter lock there with the heads of others I turned toward the Gulf: their waters < have been ] brought together forindus- < trial purposes. Hon. Geo. G. Dibrel, M, C. from Tennessee, introduced a reso- 1 lution for the improvement of the navi gation of Hiwassee River, perhaps < looking to this interflow. The lower i portion of the Hiwassee is the most fa- ] vorable, while the upper of the Little < Tennessee is superior. A slight cut I across the Rabun Gap would pour theity- < five miles of smooth of water of this latter < into Tugalo River. Four years ago 1 water was drawn from Black Creek, an I affluent of Tennessee River, across the . Gap to Izell's Mills, on Checkero Creek^ an affluent of Savannah River. Less 3 than the expense of a single railroad of < equal length would give the Northwest ' a water transit more efficient than a i dozen railroads. 4,It has been proven an the Western waters that a light tug can tow Darges lacicn with iJ'J.OOO tons. To remove the same bulk by railroad would require 3,(XX) cars, 100 locotnetives and 600 men." Chicago become the entrepot for Canada West, and all the great lakes would soon be without a rival among interior cities. The productions of the great Northwost arrived at the distributing point. Augusta, would be competed for by Brunswick, Dnrien, Savannah, Port, Itoyal, Gharleston and Wilmington. They are ports of an immense plain extending from Chesapeake Bay to the FU-rida line, traversed by streams, at average intervals of less than thirty miles, practicable for sotainers 150 miles to the first falls of^the rivers. It is the extreme verge of the true cotton region, nearest to the marts of the world. It fronts the ocean the safest and the 1 j readiest, to navigate. It is most con ' venient lor commerce with South America, the West Indies, the Mediterranean, the East Indies, and China. The company making the canal and slack-water improvements would derive a double benefit, from tolls and from let- , ting water power. To illustrate the inconceivable profit from leasing water power by the square inch, Gerrit Smith's bought for $14,000 yielded him an income equivalent to interest nn $800,000. The Passaic Falls,located in this quarter, would not be remarkable. The proprietor, hearing I was in New York, sent to invite me to visit him at Paterson. I found him in a house still unfinished, that already cost $112,000. , His income was such that he allowed his wife $14,000 a year alimony. Yet, to bring his water in shape, he had to build the highest stone wall in the world, except one ^on the Languedoc canal. An equal outlay on these shoals WAllIf) 1 ivo m fV A *! ? - ? nwaav a tUUUHUU lllllUi) UIC WB" ter. Savannah River with its affluents would furnish power enough to manufacture all the eotton that can be grown in North America. Southern spring*, pursuing the true policy, would put themselves beyond the competition, not only of all exterior to the cotton region, but even of those it or near our own cities. By securing i suficient area adjacent to their factories, operatives would go home, at night, :o their parents, the renting of land to tfhom, would, in great part, balance vages. Strikes would be obviated, and lince provisions would, along this great vater transit, be cheaper than anywhere ilse, to a manufacturing population, all or a wide spac around, would devote ;hemselves exclusively to raising cotton o sell in the aeed to the factories, to be worked up by tho new process, adding wo items not counted heretofore, oil md oil cake, which would go far toward neeting expenses. Besides the hulings are a better fuel than peat, and he ashes afford a supperior phosphate ertilizer. A Northern company has ecently transfered itself to Georgia, hat it may operate under this system. Georgia and South Carolina will take he lead in cotton manufacture. Direct art answor tn Drv Ornvo P Abbeville County South Carolina. Very respectfully j'ours, James Edwakd Calhoun. Tennessee's Taylors. Washington, October 25.?A gentlenan just from Tennessee give a new eature of the campaign in that State. Jefore Alf Taylor was nominated for jrovernor he was given the nomination or State Senator in his district, which is argely lleublican- He is still a candilate for Senator, no one having been nominated in his stead, and it is not the ntention to do so. Ass there is no law ireventing his being voted for as a canlidate for one or more offices, he will loubtless be elected in the Son?te. There is another feature marked out t>y the Taylor brothers which may plaoe Bob in the United State Senate. In the contest for the Senatorship there are a number of candidates in voiw of a possible deadlock Dob will be presented is a dark horse. With Alf in the Stato Senate the interest of Bob as a candidate can well be served. In the event [>f a vacancy in the Governorship the President of the Senate, who is elected from its members, becomes Governor. As Alf will undoubtedly go to the Sutae Senate, he will be a candidate for the Presidency, though to be in the line of election he will have to effect an alliance tvith the Democrats. If this can be done ind Bob become United State Senator. A.lf hopes to be Governor. The Free Trade Association Colonel John J. Dargan has written a letter to Prof. Davis resining the PresiJency of the Free Trade Association, on iccunt of a contemplated removal to Western Texas next month. He will ?ngage in work upon the editorial stall if a daily paper, and promises to wage a lively free trade campaign. He extends best wishei to the order in this State. Prof. Davis repled regretting the circumstances that render resignation necessary md expressing a sense of the loss sntailed on the State by the departure :>f one so eminent for personal purity and levotion to principle. Some time ago. in accordance with resolutions of the Executive Committee of the Association, Prof. Davis requested the State Democratic Executive Committee to prvoide for tariff discussion at the meetings in the Stato canvass. The committee declined on the ground thai the tariff is a Congressional issue anc that Congressmen would have beer nominated before the campaign begun This eqylains the silenoe of the As sociation on the subject. The Sixth Auditor's office in Washing ton City was the scene of a sensational suicide last Saturday, Robert W. Alston, clerk in that branch of the governmental service, after coolly announcing 4^ AL. io m? vuiei ui uie uiybiuii iuii lie wat going to put an end to this thing, walkec to his desk, too* a. thirty-eight ealibrt revolver from his pocket, and in th( presence of his fellow clerkr, sont a bal crashing through his brain. The unfortu nate man lived but forty-five minute: after the fatal shot was fired. Nervou* A?kMAna?A?t in a I /\<4 ? & iL . cnoiuu in oaiu iiiu hut u irtl iu VII act. Alston, who was a native o Georgia, was about twenty-eight yenrt of ago, was unmarried and was wel kuown in Washington, especially amonf Georgians and Southern men. He wai a son of Col. Bob. Alston, of AtlanU who was ahot a few years ago by Mr Cox. Demise of Mrs. A. T. Stewart. New York, Oct.?Mrs. Cormelia M. Stewart, wife of the late million %ire dry good merchant, A. T. Stewart, died suddenly this morning at her residence Thirty-fourth stroet and Fifth avonue. The death occurred at 10 o'clock this morning of congestion of the lun-js and hoart trouble. On Friday she took dinner with Mrs. Henry Hilton and on her way home contracted a heavy cold. On Saturday she was so ill that she was comnellod tn crn tr? lioH nnH 11r Mil""' . o - ? ?? was sent for: Yesterday Mrs. Stewart grew worse and Dr. Milnor remained at tho house all night. A.t 9;30 o'clock this morning ex-Judge Horace Russell called ?t the Stewart mansion and was informed that, although Mrs, Stewart had spent a restless night, she was able to sit up in bed without great effort. At a few minutes after 1/D o'clock ex-Judge Russell was surprised to leain from a messenger that Mrs. Stewart was dead. TITE FUNERAL SERVICE. The funenl will be held Thursday afternoon from her late residence, 34th street and 15th avenue. Rev. Arthur Brooks, of the Church of the Incarnation will officiate. The services at the house will be private. The remains will bo taken to Garden City for interment. Public services will be held in the chapel late Thursday afternoon, Bishop Little-jobn, who is in Chicago, ha> been telegraphed for and is expected to arrive in time to take part in the servicos. The servicc will be of tho plainest description. The casket will be covered with black Yelvet. silver mount-1 ed, and will be ficlosed in a 'st eel cn6ket to prevent a possible chance of theft after the burial. Mrs. Stewart was the eldest daughter of James Church a pioneer merchant of this city. She was born in 1802 and was married to Mr. A. T. Stewart in 1823. Since the death of her husband she has led a retired life. In person she was small and of slender form. The Supreme TribnnaL Washington, Oct. 24.?[Special.J? The Supreme Court rendered its decision to-day in the case of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad Co., the . plaintiffs in error, against the people of the State of Illinois. The specific allegation was that the railroad company charged Elder & McKinney 15 cents per 100 pounds for transporting goods from Peoria to New York City, and on the same day charged Isaac Bailey & F. 0. Swannell 5 cents per 100 for the same , class of goods from Oilman, Illinois, to New York, Gillman being 86 miles nearer New York than Peoria. The (^crimination., it was alleged, was inviolation of the law of Illinois, which prohibits ' anj charge for the transportation of , passengers or freight within the State of i Illinois proportionately greater than would be charged for the transportation of like classes of freight "over a greater ' distance of the same road." The gist of t the decision is contained in the conclut sion, as follows: I THX QI8T OF THE DECISION. "When it is attempted to apply to trans portation through an entire series of States a 1 principel of this kiud, and each one of the ! states or half a dozen shall attempt to establish itr own rates of transportation its own methods to prevent discrimination in rates or to prevent it, the disastrous influence t upon tho freedom of commerce among the States and upon the transportation of goods > through those States cannot be over-estima. ted. .That this specics of regutetion is one which must be if established at all, of general I and national character and cannot be safely and wisely remitted to local rules and local k regulations we think it clear from what has . already been said, and if it be a regulation of commerce?as we think we have demonstra' ted it is and as the Illinois court conceited it to be?it muBt be of that national character and the regulation can only appropriately bo made by general rules and principles which demand " that it should be done by Congress under the | commcrce clause of the constitution." Tho judgment of the Supreme Court . of Illinois, which was adverse to tho k railroad, is reversed and the case, ro, raanded to that court for further pro| ceedings in conformity with the above 5 opinion. Opinion by Justice Miller. ) DISSENTING VOICES IN-COURT. 1 Justice Bradley delivered a dissent ing opinion in which the Chief Justice } and Justice Gray concurred. In this i opinion it is conceded that Congress 3 might, if it saw fit, regulate the matter f under consideration, but not having i dono so it is held that the State does 1 not lose its power to regulate charges 5 on its own railroad in its own territory, i simply because the goods or persons i transported have been brought from or . are destined to a point beyond the Stato borders* cs ii I Thfl Atlantic, Greenville and Western ltnihvnvEditors Chronicle: To accuse auj party who is interested in the welfare of this road of poisoning the minds of the people seems unjust. Evory stockholder has a right to express his opinion. If the Tennessee Company would only uncover their scheme and let the people understand what they are after and what they want, it would then put thn stockholders in a position to think, and on the 4th of November they would be able to accept or reject the offer of the "Tennessoe Company.'' But this Tennesseo Comnnnv. nnmnnnpH ftf hrnino nnH mnnnu r n 1"" ?..x* "-v.iwj, supplemented by these bank presidents, and one capitalist (reputed milltonarie) prefer to lock their secrets up in the breast of a few trustod friends and expect to buttonhole every man who Jean be persuaded, and in this way carry their point. It is too thin, the American people are a jealous people, and if any secrets are kept from us wo get suspicious. We are told that these Tennessee gentlemen are rich men, capitalists; yet when we ask what guarantee they are going lo give us for the faituful performance of contract, the answer is ''second mortgage bonds," which about the time they are due will be worth probably the paper they are written or printed upon. Wo think if they are rich bankers, &c., they should give us first mortgage bonds. None other should suffice. But they say we can't do this, wo want the first mortgage bonds for the New York men who furnish us the money to iron and euquip the road. Here they let the cat out of the bag. Here their scheme explodes. They are no longer the rich Tennessee capitalists, but just as poor as we are. If we will vote taxes to build a road bed and give it IA A?TI />? -? ? iv %.\j nitiu niuj v,au iivii auu uijuip uil first mortgage bonds?want our property to raise money on. I would just as soon go over to my neighbor and tell him if he will give mo his farm I will build a fine house on it and live in it, and enjoy it, but that he must move away, but continue to pay the taxes. A. Prohibition in Atlanta. The Atlanta Constitution of Ootober 26 says: The Daily Voice of New York city yesterday afternoon contained an accurate statement of the prohibition situation in Atlanta. Early yesterday morning Hon. George Hillyer, Mayor, received a telegram from the managing editor of the Voice asking for positive informar tion upon the subject. The telegraph read: "New York, October 25, 1886.? Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia:e Pleas give us five hundred words on the effecfc of prohibition since the last license expired. n? a i _i_ r % % u-ive me numoer 01 arrests ior arunaonness and deeds of violence yesterday as compared to the same day the last two years. The morning papers here are filled with reports of big jug trade in Atlanta. Important to have facts in the Voice thiB afternoon. "Editor Dailly Voick.\ Immediately upon receipt of the telegraph Mayor Hillyer caused the city dooket at police headquarters for Saturday and Sunday just passed to bo carefully examined, and comparing them with the same days of 1885 and 1884 sont the following telegram: "Mayor's Office, Atlanta, Ga.? October 25, 1886.?Editor Daily Voice New York: I shall publish your dispatch in the Atlanta daily papers with the following reply: In the barroom days, drunkness was common, and not always noticed; the police loss attentive, and many escaped arrest. Now, if a man gets drunk, or even partly drunk, it attracts attention; police are active and vigilant, and arrest early certain. The figures in the police office show the ar? rests for disorder and drunknesss on Saturday and Sunday, Ootober 23 and 24, 1886, to be 22; corresponding days in 1885, 31, and 1884, 25. Many casen at present are chargeable to domestic wine, which is not prohibited, and which it is said is often doctored. Figures in the express offlco show hardly one jug or demijohn shipped into the city per 1,000 inhabitants. All exagerated reports are to be condemned. The good effects of prohibition hero are apparent. Trade in all branches, except the whiskey traffic, is prospering. There is marked improvement in the habits, morals and happiness of the peopl?. Prosperity ii admitted and rejoiced in, both m to private and public affairs. It is greatly ' 'w "4 # . to be deprecated that when scores and hundreds of facts, such as peaceful streets and happy homes, and sober hus bands, sons and brothers, with plenty to eat and to wear, where before was broken hearts and fear, and sometimes actual want, the great daily press abroad say nothing about it. But if a hand truck load of jugs is seen, which is no great matter to sixty thousand people, this must be magnified into "a jug train," and the whole press of the United States made to ring with it! There is not one-tenth as much intoxicants drank in Atlanta now as there was a vear aim. * ~ow* possibly much less than that. Formerly theadvocates of barrooms were numerous and powerful. Now nobody advocates restoring the barrooms. Formerly the issue was high license against barrooms; now the very most that the opponents of total prohibition would contend for is high license. The barroom nuisance has gone out from Atlanta forever, and we would like all the world to know it. We are determined to give total prohibition a fair trial under the law, and arc groatly strengthened and oncouraged with it so far. But our people are already practically united in the beliof that the barroom will never come back. I only wish the people at a distance could see the truth as it has been demonstrated here, and thus escape the danger of being misled by tho many exaggerated, prejudiced rumors thatan? ntihHcTio<i ?? other States on the subject. "Gsoroe Hillyeu, Mayor:* [Note.?It must be recollcctod that the Mayor, the Chief of Police, and the poliecemen are ardent prohibitionists, and as such are anxious to make as good a showing as possible in favor of the enforcement of the prohibitory law. With this end in view it is not policy for them to make any more arrests than they are forced to.] The Southwestern Storm. The storm which has^ been jB^rking^ such havoc among the coast towns of Tnxas was first heard of by the signal office on the 10th instant, as being southwest of Cuba, and apparently the island and,thence shoreward. All during that day and next it was traced upward toward the coast of Florida and Alabama, and promised to expend its energies somewhere over northern Alabama and Tenuessee, or making its way across Floriday northwestwardly, ultimately develop into high winds along the Atlantic coast, but in this purpose, s if for convenience the elements may be y supposed to have a purposo, it was/ defeated ; since before it reached the coast it encountered an extensivp field of high barometer and dry air covering the , Atlantic coast which it was unable topenetrate or surmount By this it was deflected along the Gulf westwardly, manifesting itself in *'dangerou3 winds ana mgn uaes" atl'ensacola on the llth^' ' its outskirtst touching New Orlenus on the 12th, and its full energy striking the coast between New Orleans and Galveston on the afternoon of the 12th. It was not a remarkable storm, as the Gulf storms go, and its only apparently exceptional feature was the route it traveled. nilinc nn nnfnrc nnH nnn.!n/. ?i.? , I o ?f v.M -*?v? pwuilii^ illCIU upon the low coast of Texas. The posts on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico wero given about forty hours' notice of the ' coming this storm. A Disappointment. President Duncan of the State Agricultural Society has for some time besn quietly moving the proper influences to I secure a visit from Treaident Cleveland to our city during the approaching fair. The prospects of bringing tbo Cheif . Magistrate of our great country faoe to ^ face ivith so large a nurabfir of our oiti- * * zens as would be in attendance on the fair was quite encouraging for a time, but yesterday Colonel Duncan received L a letter f oin ex-Governor Thompson, 1 dated at Washingto on the 20th, in Y) A ata frno tnf K m? />V* if M>V4? uu O?(*vvo nun u.uvu ivgiub WlttW, having presented the matter to Mr. Cleveland with much urgency, tho Presi1 dent assured him that it would be im' possible for him to give the time necos1 aary for the trip. To those, who knew of the effort to securo the presence of the President at > the fair, and * ho had hoped it would prove successful, this is a treat disapi pointment, as it will be a regret to the i public generally to find that the effort i has failed.?Coiumbia Register. i Subserve to The Messenger.