University of South Carolina Libraries
? ... . /' r~? : :?~ ' " . -p V "' " J P VOLUME 12, NITMBER 34^ ' Two Count* I lo ray ror * of his estate was filed here ii ;v. . mother of WIlTfe b.arl, lynilu 7 drivers on February 17, a short time before i rom the J 5#--,y ?-i jfAAX-P- represen; in-: V . " : c" sii> Ka.-!n, who s.et forth in deadly "appuijiU'd admlnbiruu ix dT her Mjn's estate on last .Dec/"LI 1>y the I i h-itc coaia of Pickens county, Sjjr t]fe R';tion against Gveehft, v \;lh ahd Pickens counties. Papers ||fc , in the action were, served Saturday MKjjb- on John P. Ash^norc, commissioner ' for Greenville eojltity, and Pjckens i county 'oommis iioner T. lb Odell. .r-; Karlo is Iwdnji represented by. Attorneys Harokl R," Boulwftre *r? ' of ( ol'iii lyiw,?'i-huiK- Hkl1 - Mm'sliali Bfj%~ "*n<l Franklin H. Williams, both of . the N'AACP haliorial office in Near! v ( ALL DKATB. 'MOST CRUEL" "1 7 -bs. Earle declares in her com plaint that the.murder of her son ? - oft, a- lonely frosty road, across from i nvcat packing plant was a "most' ^PpW-MfU .Auu-fi>i ii_id ^ihi.inao" vfn " 'i he com plaint alleges that after Earle had been arrested the night feLi. of Feb. 16 by officers at his home in pV Liberty, Pickens county, he was taken to the Pickens coanty jail for questioning in connection with the " | stabbing of Thomas W. Brown, a . 7- white cab .driver at (Greenville. t.Hrie tfjul'conui home from Green-" vile cart lei- that night. _ * Shortly after midnight, the complaint sets forth, a mob o.f then un_....i. - identified persons gathered at the ~ y^.i* rf md prof"uiNstPtfrc dead man affdT g?r ' *~.r that after crossing into Greenville l-^1^ W1<* ^na^v m<t h'tn HBHBMLiJi ii, liTchFTrTaT of the 20 in statements sign1 ' J/Tfowing thei * arrest two days HlKjrji .that huge chunks uf Hct-li knifed out ot' tilt' vieiim's.1 WEfT fore.a shotgun Mast love away the right half of his face. The horribly ? V mutilated' body v. as loo murk?for : ^newspaper n' i/>rtrn ^ " " the left arm had been fit to the bone before the final shooting. out had -l>een made under the' chin and around the heart also, ^Af LER'K ;NAM E LISTED The complaint declares that l'i.-k-, "" . . fww faunty jtrfiffr .1. .Ed. (hint rap ^ surrendered the fljctimT However, "T"~ ;/ dnringthe t) itBft the defendants in" May of lU4^^klstvan 'testified s that he surrendc^p Earle only afBPl ? -\xe. fte a'nu 'bis. family had been A? ?" 1 I . ' The defendants were aciiirfrtcd of fat-y the charges, Brftwn died from the JL staffing pn Eel:. IS, ill 17.' and noet A Identified hii sticker. . H rp .were- he ^ persons to interview Mis Kml^. K-rrj a?ti;oegh daily' newspapers had . quoted-her tin ough the Picken s ! county ahoritf previously.?She kttid l l.er son^ an epileetic, had come home arid gene to bed before she left tor; Li .?urirk _ r ' ' 1. ? !. jT^t several weeks following the; ^?r f slaying it was expected thrit one or Hs <-**'iL7 ?i.I , . frfv. WWI ui wiv tuuut's vvoum |uty t.jfj vhr?im.'? -wWhar a nllrn r'*?f^.OOOT; . ., .", provided for in the state constitu-| "! tion whenever citizens are' deprived; The Columbia N A A FLOR _JKJDA?,FEBR ?"v?' a=r-- == - , : m in * !, >-. _ . . ; : - r- - . r J .-. -. - - r_?? ' .. -?t???: . -> '--J72 iw.2 " O LTHI BS ASKeri 47 Murder . ^NS) A $5,000 suit in behalf, i Common Pleas Court by the id by some 'JG Greenville taxi 1947 after he had been seized Pickens county jail at Pickens. of.orderly Ic^ral pr.wesses' while in - ihe. custody-*>4' l?w enforcement ofti ' "i i, lii'.'.vi' htttfyhalir.od liuu-~ i<v-erC - - > - . > 'i i.e comprint buses itself on Article \ I, section 0 of the state cohpstit'lstion aucl. tho S. C.?) t ode of Lawtj Vuimne. II, -- cetlorv 1)041. " Columbia Gets Third Policeman lf??n ^ - c-R-t i-, ?vmvci us utrpari-- J mo tot?thin week?wK<n 1 the city"~ civ i 1 service enmmiccinn op proved the examination_of WiV liaisr? Ralph Mims, 29 year old ..ut.ve cA Lexington county r? . Mr. Mi mis, a veteran, of World ye. wife land syn at IttUiT.jvuT ~ street, received .notification of his approval Saturday. from the examination taken January 21. He joins Claude Pearson and George Eleazer, approved by the 1 -The1' three' rhtert 6Ve. ' expected ^ to b e g i n training and jjuty "* arnuml mid-February. "" ~ Mr;-Minis was born in Lexington, May 1919, son of -George and the-late-Emma Sim- _ mons Minis. His father, a farmer, resides in .Lexington. The newest cop, who weighs Hit) and 'one-half pounds and. erects--at b ft:- 1. in., attended Lexington- ~ Ccntinued On Page 8 Judge Waring - -5 Given Willkie Award For ? I Vole Rulings New York - (ANS) U. S. District Court Judge- J. Wa.Llt'i-'~ Waring?nf - .Ulnu-lusd-un. ~ S. C., was one of thirteen Americans to receive WenWillkie -award during annual presentation here last 1 week. J Robert P. Patterson, ^ former so:rotary of war, made the pre- I 1 Mentation in behalf" of %?ine or -gtmi/ations, to; agencies and in- j dividual* ior "their important contributions to civil rights " c.iv.Lu 1U'.> CH.. N/_ Y.-L--za_~ _prtnr ipid ~> poaki'rrVoh'l the 'audi- j ence which had gathered in the t Willkie Memorial Building of 7t'r^cdom. House that - "of i y i 1 _ rights legislation . may. fail irT , congress because of lack of unity and disagreement among its VCip. 1 Uxa judfiy Waring V crtattOfi com mended him for restrained S. C. r Democratic officials? at- ^ tempted to bar Negro voters Continued On Pa^e W ^ t CP Branch Presents IDA A UARY 18-8;00 P. M ; > . Vr ' / /, . \ Rr%Sr: r pip | -*- - ^ TT" v ~ ~: l r~*~ % - t COM TMKiy 0 l/J-JLC^X k KLA\\sm~EN ON PARADEr-?-? -rf-r. < fii.tyiie was' taken for Th* TiiKlitluiuse and Informer ^Qr> intra rcrt'nr pahufe ot tluvkn Wux . i-.i r im.l to forcjra further shots I ui ie-iue^t of local authorities I Oklahoma Remits ?r in U I iian in colleges OKLAHOM A CITY, Oklii.-( ANIO \ recjiomuvendntion was tiled wit.h jt>v. Roy J. Turner and both ho'tWeV -i Ihe lejri-Iatui'e here Saturday jhy ho Oklahoma recent;.?fur- "higher duent inn. aiging tluu |nno!it -laio r.-iU!i'ai.iw:i .mrtr ti ht? ;ttn. ihU'd t" .evir.it institutions of higher loarniiit to admit .\ej>r ? students-. The recoiiinn-ndatinn a>ked that Morris Cbllege tallies Thursday li.' i:i large numbers Thursday. ??: it*. t'"i the iniii-w'iatri?raiiv at ilorris College, President n I' de:isaid Tae>da\, . i_.v; . . iv,;- i.? sTTjoi'r rhanbsgiviriLr l ay a jiiot o, are i \ m-( t. tl ;-; ,i ' v a if" is Weil < :i :__j>l.on e -a' >, d:d 7 ii'.-iv., ..r'.eia! - i.a 't -;-'i . ? the rear it n. The ehluvh is t. i .,. ,r .;n nua tiv? year t ' help the enlleg,to ' * aoeredMvd sta ? ratio;:. re "' h'',odi"t I'm \i-.y .id' I l RONORKI) President Reuben said ti a a Hotel Clerk Freed On Bias Charge ' X > 11 ? 1'a.nl t .:i.T~ ?t : htrttT rlork. 1mS ' 'en elTmred^rrfttfhftrg-r of reRiSTir o reht ti mora to a N.eer > women . - o. aeI race. i:en' in Special Sessions court rc-J riKfi n verdict. of innocent afterj o .. Vl'?l,-ny only '??o minutes-. -Our-; j.tt. iH-SI-, ^er- tiari^TTrr'tffmreri'* '.? nccusati' 11 which trrew out of a efusal to accomodate the wniimn.' Jrs. Jennie Heed of Hruijfhkoepsie, elcgrte to A State CIO, United i t.? Workers convention at one of? Syracuse's Tiesf hotels * }' , . " '4 >V IS i . " / ' ' ' 1 ? " 1 ' v r ? V . ' : v s ' ' > V';: - -r" :: - - " \ ; zr-^LJ A. JL Je rAND ^ V- S."T. ' _< . ? ~&c $'V~i i' i ':'''" ~ ?? ? '%&$&. ' v--\-. ~x'. .v . .... , . t _ ^ * , \v:h.o/ unal-le -to prevent the aptva'r^ : iinco. -nvT;1 TmnJbtio tn str.t stRtP h^tpp i h'cied to sit hack ami avoid :iiiv aoridents. Note the seetTihr*~of the railroad station in the Wu-ktrrmnd and the ;io:.(le;i fjjruros iiv t h<- late model ear. Asfe^grfyjytioir , ..." * %.. . ' db "> * ? Xeevoi s be a '.m it ted "in any jrradUHf-e trtt-1 ,^peHalized ouniouhnn fat any white, /rhpol in tlje- state) in v.'hieh ins?na-ticrns ,? n! -.stuntia!I" f'lnr Ch-nvarP ]' " IV i'.T.-re'i 'V.y ! an;' s'.oj! in:' <a > t . -rr^i n =?? :: vnnP't"n r^" ' 1 Ye -1ly V(i>~'f r,;,. Hie her oi.hn at?n :",.t \.n- . ,.s ;:,J It ? > j w.'ii:. ' \/.| re e./eajni -iijvaUiny ! [*' -:.ii >. f '-!' a :. .,' .. .. * to lie a it;ei)i<M i f?.- j; -iJ. Liu1. r. '.wii. 1 i>i aa-v w - ! ?' >' ? in-,! ? -i11 ' . .".441 1 i;j{' . V. ::i'e:: ia i n i" (it s I an.iM ? I ' ? v . i.. ( ' V. : i.'* ' t ;iv . \ . [ it . i M?li i i#! f.iM 1 ;. mA.i: ; i > :: i.i'yei:; Tip; ear . iV?in :> c; >, ?. :i .i. . : t : n . "1 t. . . t i !if 4- l.ci'f : - > * r.': 1 iul i'iuiii.iiii_uii i-Ut^ f--~r . BULLETIN i i'lrVII.I.':, K V, . \?\ ." ? ^ai-I t ..??i- ?rr' ' ? I .7 lie '. t.'fc. , ; y*- ,S. .' |- i'V tin . ? 11 *: ?7;?1 1IL ty ^7 ?'?j ******7 l_ Kfie'i i 1 ti ,; ! .. ? >>. ?..??4^^%?*-*??>>f*y?rr* - Ui-t-K" f-M-t >1. Mr. "A l-nr-rrri\ iAViiI'" <?\i:<-s.Yy <.? ^.i-Cial S?j:\Tf*o ? oiTi 'ili-si n' *r > t h? : *1 H ipi. < <>:, i n;'. (i(i (white) I h rr It* . *;' ] 1 i I I '| I ' i i i I' i ! .4 ' . ' * * f ' ) ' ? FTiTTy hi- rcj I'H'iel sitae k 1 "lias sun!" (<> sue]) ? law i> \c 1." ny I?t iM(i vr. '. } ,??t| | , , ,,? < - rmi'm < *>??t i'lhutmuji !i>,i u ' jit -jwv nii wnpjr.,j~ *" 0o0 ; r?"v * --?.? .1-.-. ~~~?^.... MALI f . ? 1 11 ? '"t' ? < * 1 ' " IP TAi Tf LLW ?I>A^HF^m^RARY Frankly. Senat or. Y 4iy AUIKHT AXDKHSOX X<ITON (A^J')- -tierier' Jifcltk'd is Georgia Senator Rus- .< He gave tht^oltt^nminyrrr^V:^ ? irinir'fli1 '*dd;V'>r>al .counties Hist i : <*> .Affi&m?*- ,'o". 1- ey f &' ) i " ^r?o dr.yife" oi' the t?1d"iW -' j knii-r ; i Fh<r!ish kin^s. In 'recounting for. |tis .hearers. in tin* ^senate. the number of e <iuiti\v ; in vail, "v states vV'th a p^-'-jioivj mno i>f Xetrro inhabitants. the So;t- ] a4?*r? 11 lc<:<lv?m ri en*: Vri\' Vil^^nTrf" 1? - I l'l> 111 j<- ' ' Kv< i -onee the state \v:i * into ^nii political units there have . V -a. u TTh. \ . ' \ i:j. v. "h V l'.. Dr. J. W. Murph Distinynishefl A ME 5 . ? I Leader Passes " t . - ' ^ _ >^4> ' ? ' v ; ?. ..... _ *". t-'V * . "_? ?-*m-;i 4^., ****<* ?~?:f?-"' rw- <^ . N'.: ^ .V .. ! >:\ * JitniCN \\ . Murph ^ ' v.. .l.nwwi \i, H < ). ? !'>Tt.: ""-* * " *; ~ v v?. Ul> ' i 1 . i. . \ ' : ii 1 Lfl.li. ill-ill L. i--? X f'n mmt -.t-ttp-; tv .! i,t\- ..u* " '* noun. ~~ ' - I r j j'li. w-h !. i ! n >! '. :ii'j ct-iiM' i*ver the Lulu-nW Wi-M ift nt :,.A . rf{ Kl. !?i r i no >n. v>" v i ^ ' c r, ; hp sutTered \\ p(hu'Si!;iy ir.ui :u ! . erniei.t w hs in the Walker cemetery i hen- ami thousands from all parts } oT tin', statr pathnod for the final s cf rrnionii's. ?,? 3 CHO - ,i *? ?-? '> 'v ? ? ~ _ ; - p ^ ,s , .JL^_, 4srr-? / ? M .#4 ^D * |^h m ' MS H BBr.^ MH BbU . Biff ER . .. -. . w >_/ < E, :n4n |L~ ~~"^?.~=r _:_, f / 1 S \. t.UUU 1 \ Mayiior. Others History Week - A:-i - - " ... " : :" i r? 1.11? i, i-1 i. ?! !-.? I 1 , 11. .?! , T. ,1'1. w : ! : !>;! : .i w ill k, a ; the J-.'''U-uiii ' -T". Hi-t -?y woek at"' ?i?: i * . '-.i h a i ' ' inire.1? ~~ 5 >'. F<11 1.. 11 y ttt? ? ; v. 11 ' -featured l!ay r.. j-la.-i - t. <n>tthe . r I ?.r the |'i '> .." i'i>, which', it;;- !i ; <-1;t j>?'-?* I!.* n.O'^mljon "t t1 - ?utu > role TUT .-\reerican:. % .a* a t. author. will) ] ! . tivyr i n rhi. ij.niin. I_ . y.ij .i;v proceeds l i em the. concert.iJL [yLf u ,)1 " tioiyHf ii>nV He'-.i' tiveiy aiding interracial relations. 1 i nfla i . - .1 _ fwi Are Wrong T ?^-ntr-rrf the cartHmtl._^>tltKe tn pre-j enting statistical figures to prove H?methjnK is to bexcj tyin tfeafthey]-u;e as ri^fbt as can^ bo and although i.?ico > ii- i.- ,u'u- apparaiu ? liuuV the number o* counties wh"*ch Tftel~~ Senator attributes to Virginia was, n not furnished by Dr. Houehins nor; v lis stalT. Somebody frogged?Umt>. p . *." '.'ihtion.j / .-.or will : ' ' .1 'IiO.'es, ' 1 ? ? ; n?JrM...hli:l . ... ' Ai rTTTi'a'1 j i . (?!; \ VfiTT:T i:<. -\ \ w ?Ua- ?its?...j, EWw known' a> OUhoun ?<>un!\. ISO7,-, a ........ -"-j.. -1 . a-r .? . I <>-' .1, I'to \|?'( :-v( i-":':sc(i-j . ii ,N ni t h ' ,i;J . ? v : S..;i' . : < :i-' <) in 1 in': A Af!< * ;. ) vliii ii hp hail si-rvrd. pas-^ , '.iTo- .!, ;jic liifinw .ntr i')t : Mar j ? . >*nrt <-i. ? Ki >?vw?\ Aikn.! > < ii ni Lriiiwn, i-.dunihia f ' : "A I . y\ as fn -!. mailt' ] i a".i>:' lie. law i'.11 ; i\ ; in .. ... H:-?hr>rr?Prank r i I. f: I'h'vaifil him ''a ' ! a:i* a) M t. /inn - w ;v o sons nif.f a (Jautrh-. " : a.iv v-;. ;. 1 j, n ai r Uo ... pii, .Jr.. >nan:iali. tja.. : i. r?J\ I.nirt'l, .Miss, afiilj ' ' - A. iiVarl Mui'ph) M'aiu'P.j a. \!i-, Mm j;h is (he J 'ii:..!! I,11:i? i of I-'ayt'tti'- j ?-?i?-?I'. i i.,n.. ? <" -ylrts appearing on """m"'**** ' " "'* :tfn"l"*"i*7rtnci. ltOV:jTQ 1 ai ;;tur i>i Mt.j X a ' h. . ti v. 1 In* ri !<*s .' ! .T. lU-ndiiiith, T;| J * F. 1 : .m-i. ;! ,\; \ 'a-nsj - 7^ > > ' h?i op. V. \. .i;<>p v_'' v; ' ?* (tl?v\-.'> |,,l' S: lo'ims, !'. a <'Anminjrham. \V. J], Cvumlin; \vl i' noi'arv pt^llboarers wore th*v pre- Hp Uiinjj oMars in the Seventh f?piWn- lo I RtIS II ALLEN U - * w*" ' v- '? ,v.:.; ? . * v. >"/ ; -A??: -j .>/. .. ET31 .' " " V* ' ' . .. / ;] +?' r v V . * * * ..? \AA0P1, j 7~ "State o'filTuTs" (5f tM~NA - i?? * . i i x* I'uciieus uuhui win coin, kcicle where the first clean ;'nith f'nrolina, JamfB M. Hih / , f . . : NAACP First .?' y - . J? Aj?ain -.j ' The. NAACP has to its credit many "firsts" since it beUWam< iw Ut?- fttmwioni" rights of all citizens fdhy; years aft). But this week In South Carolina, it added another first -records The NAACP, through its Columbia branch, wbn the lujjior of being the first customer of the Lighthouse and pia rt mentT ^ ^ ^ ^ 1J gene A. Montgomery, ordered state executive, secretary, Ed- i 2.000 tickets for its: February, 18 public recital of the FloH da , A. and M. College male glee club. Neither IheUrmtW nor Mr. Montgomery knew the order was the first completed. TTJIbs*viquartrr -f j " The* IoghTouse and Informer, effective >ith this .I'iition. . have been ransf erred.; to _n. spanking brancj en " 'hnlf jtdry_ jliTIiImg" '{icrs tile. .strcs-t- from Ulen University. . . . T h i s week's newspaper is >eing printed in this new home, i in" "equipment "purchased last all. Presently, employees and lirectors yf the business are Uuggling Ho get set up and chedules working, smoothly.?-^-?r?mcyanrmn - rnabtr? the lewspapcr iq Xo.ii printing as as ?hr regular paper. Si" nr.- December of 1941, the eadquai tors were "maintained 1 11)22 1-2 Washington st. Prior 'hat time' the offices were at. I 2 1 ..ne ,-tieet in Charleston. .' address, however was paper printed. The , Scott . v. spriper Syndicate had done hJ'-ihg prior tp this cditiorl, oO'o larlem's All Right 1 | 1 rv 1 M/nuyler Dt?clHrt?s' \ ' 1S.v iri i newspaper . ' '' ; a c<| :m' wl'lelya" c~ eK.e . ^ p-.-r.T Fin Hem has the rr-T Venr.'and >''loaded 1 -pea ing at the .?' a. the press ellib - -a . . arra u-.ri/.ed these " a , -! -j>t*'i otypes." j ' ? .1 .1 of h'gmu iuiii-1 a.- fnnn false' tel ryMOs^h' sail. t~ . ,. I ofto ? i Mississippi Hen viiys Freakish Egg IAi RMiA. TTTT^ \v- "r~ e;rL * lard try n herr owneil hy iss Loin ( ollins is oausing quite ( it of comijiiyot hero. Th.? ftrcr hich looks like h turtle, has a head rty arid tail. Soft-shelled, the yelw yolk can he seen through the < in monihranx. . , ?.t ?== N- RE( - - ,. - -----r~? 1 ? 11 ' ?T ~ > ' ? : ' , lj* i * i 1 1V1 . 1 '. 1 - . iv.. ^ ?'V " '' (^ ? ' .4 'W/ _J?PRTCE4-TKN CENTO? eurhers " ^ ? - ? ? . . . , ACP and the Palmetto^Btate er here.within a few days to " r <>ut" suit will be-brougjit in ton, st^te NAAC^ president, lit- Jean, out''daw suit .m bimt- : v Jar to.a recent Virginia' action which, ended in a court order deernreihg <. J ligation in every phase of the ;1 r. liintou said thut both the ' . ; ' A AO' arid ,'rtate teachers had dCr . "VJ on a np:ie3:af suits and that ' * -v&n -A?. r.f. i.innr .hose bctwstn leaderg,?1 - of the two organisations will deal -? - " T;i^Tnr;e amPptaee ot the KrSt- "Vaction. ' ' .* ^ . ft tbe scries issuccesSful, the cost \i ,'t, jfc'-artlinn wffl bt Stagger :ti . Trie N' AACP, while not setting hi* ^ ' '^diBri'd thc^la t'ff "would iLrve h^spend ~~ $44,000,000. Additional costs would" Vco.mc in the matter of length of terms, school, bases, teaching loads, ' js V .-'AV'-jl v TOE VIRGINIA CASE > ;. a.? the South" Carolina action would be modeled after that brought m . . King George county Virginia and decided last year.. It has the ad- V vantage ot^Mt^mj^-rfll. difference ;?&' in a single action,.instead o; hr-.i^ the i /..Sjjjjj they ought to Tfefcrn- that prejudi* T-eSst. ~ The "X'.^TAt'P HctVs'n'} hbliigvvr ~*"" the^?w-4S^ ^qt^trltzatitrn lTr WSgy Tvation, ami h*s consistently jpoint.ul ihe facts. The host way to convince the people we tire right is ^ eompt 1 them to equalize educa-" tional facilities. Faced with this ^ order, they have no altenative bur. * 1 to close clown the schools cir, to open. them to every- race act# citizen.*-; ??The latter bourse, he said;' i$ tfieT joiily tine left, and the one the South ' ;; \vill adopt onKf-thoy are convinced' .-^ait is the solution. . . i ' oOo ' ? \ i l_ , Contends KKK I :ir? \T A CCD iiii\c 11 iinvi ' . ' "/ ' S' . ' ; /vj CHARLESTON? (Special) Nfe-L! iu?t object to aetft^r ' inj; in The Nows an'l .Couri* , , ' .i'"i Sunday.. .asserts. ?? ^7 -m/ ;a are rof u 4,'Hilda who? a'WiCft<- "'fit ? ^ toe A sir- """ C" rp.t ^7Rt' 'it : 11*r read! ? - ?. 00 Ti objection " ,' ,.J ' :> '?<'? to the Ku ?I Han, Insomuch, as?CHeJT |bcir 'atiorial .Association f r Cv A ivon cniont ' 0/ Colo.e.i . . i t ' he Km K lux, Klan is an >. iajf^'e . r. ? A?thrilling, suspense filled " love story of an attractive "ca-, porter who had fto time for 1 >ve. met up with a "career man," who equally' had no time r>^ Am?-* IiuiIimI <.i Tn ? m-v Morgan a* jmt anothfr man until it happened. Mona Heath's c-IPtivating story, brought to ymm ? in aerial form, begins next week. Be sure to read each installment of?-XQ-rTKKFOirtiOVe" ?? ' 1 T~ '-aaw II I J* ' ' j'-.L-l?L. . ~ T~ :ital Tonnnw 1 j L?1.. J