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CHERAW GAZETTE r "> rft " - r AND*" PEE DEE FARMER. ??? | rfVOLUME IV. CHERAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 25, 1839. NUMBER L. J? 9B&0&8& HP, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. TERMS: If paid within three months, - . $3 00 It paid within three months after the elose of the year, 3 50 If paid within twelve months after the close of the year, 400 If not paid within that time, ... 5 00 A company of eight new subscribers at the name post office, whose names are forwarded together, and accompanied by the cash, shall be entitled to the paper for $20*; and a company of fifteen new subscribers for $30. , No paper to be discontinued hut at the option of the editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines, ' inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty oonts, each ssdweqoeat insertion. Persons sending in advertisements are requester to speciftr the number of times they are to be iuss*teo; otherwise they will bo continued till ordered out, and charged accordinglyILITThe Postage must bo paid on all communications. TO THR CONDUCTER OF THE FARMEti*b MAG A. *4H&o February 29.?I ain sending letters very frequently ; but were I to do otherwise, one third of what I learn every day could not be communicated. 1 be obligation conferred in sending me there 19 groat indeed ; and assuredly, if i am not taught farming in all its 4>ranchcs sufficiently, it is not for lack of opportunities. It was stated in a former fetter, that Mr. Jamieson had several head servants, to whom his orders were entrusted. I am now well acquainted with them all, and shall attempt a description of each, and their re*, pective duties. The first is the head ploughman. His name is James Elliot. He is a middle aged man, is a complete ploughman, perfectly cajfatJle of teaching an ignorant fellow to manage the plough in the best style, and in ^ short qualified to execute every branch of field work* He has eighteen jdoughs under his inspection; seldom works himself, but accompanies the ploughs to the field, and sees ?very- thing properly exccu'ed. He feeds the horses, has the charg of nil work done by them, and of all the implements which appertain to that department. The second head servant is R, ilph Howard, who is a thorough judge of live stock. He has the charge of the whole sheep and cattfe kept on the farm, nnd attends markets ' either for buying or selling. He has six herds and feeders below him. Tl?e third head servant isJolm Fairbnirrt, who superintends the stacking, thrashing and dighting of tho oorn ; also the stoning f grassland, weeding the corn fields, gathering quickens, dec from the fallows, &c. dec. He has four men and five women con. stantly under his charge, and occasionally a greater number of the latter as may be called for by the work to be executed.? Draught's are oflen made from my corps to assist him, especially when the thrashing l -? : 1 i uracniae is eirijiiuyf.-u. The fourth head servant is the clerk, whose work is the easiest in one sense, but > most fatiguing in another. the orders?posts the books,?rides upon business,?receives money,?and pays it away as ordered. Bvery night he gets reports from the other head servants; and * upon Saturday, settles accounts for the past week with Mr. Jamieson. The fifth head servant is your humble servant, and the nature of his office is already explained. Vou would be surprised, notwithstanding the number of people employed, and the multiplieity of the business executed, to see i i what order and method every thing goes forward* In fact, every headsman may be y considered as a separate farmer; with this benefioia) difference, that his attention is in a great measure direct d only to one-object ; whereas, in ordinary cases, the attention of a farmer must be displayed upon multifarious articles of business, some of which, of course, stand a chance of king neglected. Mr* Jamieeon - insists, in the mostpoiuted way, that none of us shall interfere with the business of his neighbor, or even go near each other during work hours, unless when directed by him. maintains that these rules are not only necessary to support good government, but even to preserve unanimity amongst ourselves. I belicirc hft i? it? 1K0 nfftbf. sntl ahull ivaIIt %ia* *?v?m ?ir tf'y, ' cordingly. Elliot is always first up in the morning, ha ving bis horses tafeed; and rings a bell placed on the top of the granary, which summons his men to the stables to feed and dress the horses ; after which breakfast is taken. In the mean time, he goes to the office, and - receives orders for the day, with which he instantly returns, and distributes among his ploughmen. In good weather this is an easy task, because the whole are usually kept together; but in bad weather, the scene is changed, and a greater division of orders becomes necessary. Howard, after re. ceiviog his orders, goes to his herds and turnip-feeders in the byres; Fail bairn to his barns; and me to my old fellows, who assemble in a shade adjoining to the house, where their implements are deposited. Mr. Jaraieson goes where he pleases, and super. i intendents the whole. At.night, after work is over, we .go to ' the clerk's office, and give in our. reports, which are entered in the journal for Mr. Jamieson's inspection, who,. .from . these vouchers, and observations made by him, self, determines upon the orders for next . day. When money is wanted as every beadsman pays the people employed in his . department?we make out, an account, which is shown to Mr. Jamieson, If be is i pleased to order payment, the pencil mark of "pay" is affixed, and we go to the clerk who takes our receipt at the foot of the ac. count, and delivers the sum wanted. These accounts are kept by the clerk till Saturday evening, when Mr. Jamieson takes them off his hand. By attending to these methods of carrying on business, I am bold enough to say that the affairs of this farm are regu. larly conducted, and with much less bustle and confusion than on farms not a sixth part so large, where order and precision are n*glected. You will be well pleased with these particulars being a lover of regularity, and a keen friend to sys'ematic arrangement in exe<~u'ing every kind of business. March 4. Mr. Jamieson des red mo to take a walk with him this forenoon, which I did wi:h much pleasure. We went to a field where Elliot was criliing beans, his whole eighteen ploughs and six drill barrows being employed ; and a noble sight they made. Elliot/ says Mr. Jamieson, 'have we a prospect of obtaining a good crop here ? *In my opinion,' replied Elliot, 'we have a fair chance of it; the land is rich and clean ; and if the season is not against us, eigh; or ten bolls per acre may be expected.' Pray, Mr. Jamieson,' I said, 'how many beans will you low here V for I could hardIy see to the end of the field. To which he reolied. 'There were just one hundred acres in the break, which may require from 130 to 140 bolls of seed.' 'And what time may it take to plough and sow the whole of that quantity 'Eliot' says Mr. Jamieson, 'how long have you been here?' 'Why, Sir, two days before this one ; and I am tolerably certain that in three days more, if you allow the whole strength to continue, we shall have the field finished.' As this was nearly an acre per plough per day I expressed some amazement at the quantity of work executed; but Elliot said, that a pair of good horses with a light furrow, such as should be given to covermg beans, were unprofitably employed, if they did not turn over an acre per day, at two journeys of four hours and a half each. So much for the despatch given to business at this place. We went from the bean field to the land intended for oats, which Mr. Jamieson thought to be in good condition for receiving the harrow; and added, that the moment his bean seed was over, he would strain every nerve to get his oats deposited in the ground as speedily as possible. He in* formed me that his earliest oats, though often ofleastghuik, wore alwavs more prolific those lyttor sown, ntrl that a dny at this season was of incalculable value. Here ended our walk; and I went to a detachment of my old fellows, employed at turning a compost midden, the remainder being with Elliot wheeling his bean drills. Howard tells me, that he has got a few tumbs and expects teu or twelve score more, before eight days are over. The ewes, I notice, have got a supply of turnips lately on their pastures, which Mr. Jamieson assures me, is absolutely necessary at this season, if good lambs are to be reared. It is the -New Leicester or Bakeweii sort of sheep that are chiefly kept here, and they are quiet and docile in disposi ion, beyond any sheep that hitherto have come under my observation. March 20. Our oat-seed is finished this day ; and when I tell you (hut three hundred acres have been sown, you will allow that no idle bread has been consumed, either by men or horses. I noticed that thirty*six harrows were employed, and learn from Elliot, that above thirty acres were, on an average, finished in each day, a good part of it having to get four double times of the harrows. He add? d, thut when grass land is not very tender, ne manes it a ruie 10 go over it two times in length, before he drives the harrows across ; and this is done so as the furrows may not be pulled back, and the sward brought into its original position, which hurts the crop exceedingly. I under, stand that about one half of the early varieties are sown, and the other half of the kinds called Angus and Blainslies. I ventured to inquire at Mr. Jamieson which of > the sorts were most profitable ; and he was so good as to inform me, that both had their properties though as the ear y ones generally yielded the greatest quantity of grain, he was partial to them ; but that as the o?h. ers produced most fodder, which was an important object with him, he was led to sow them in equal proportions; and th it, in this way, his harvest work is divided, and much hurry and hazard avoided at that pe. riod. Th*?, to be sure, is a matter of importance, therefore deservedly viewed in that light by so celebrated a husbandman. Our turnip-fed sheep are all gone off; and the field which carried turnips forth, with to be cleared, and the remainder of the crop brought home, so as the ploughs may be entered preparatory to the sowing of barley. It seems that the charge of tupping, tailing, and building of the turnips, is to be entrusted to me, and of course that my svuad is to be employed in these operations. Howard informs me, that about thirty of the turnip cattle are still on hand, and (hat these, and the stock of ewes, will consume all the turnips that remain; though, he adds, they are losing their nu'rititre quality very fast. Mr Jamieson continues to favor me - with his approbation, and my fellow servants, particularly Elliot, have shown a steady desire to give me every manner of i. assistance. In a word, my time here is not only usefully but agreeable spent, and I ; thank you once more for placing me at such a school. . April 8. The barley after turnips is at h last sown, though the work gave Elliot more i trouble than be expected. Owing to a sudden drought, the ground turned up with a heel, < as he called it; so a cross ploughing was i first given ; then, after harrowing it, rollers i were applied ; and finally an ebb seed fur- j row ! when jt was sown with early barley i and grass seeds. The field looks well to the eye, being finished in a most husband. J man-like style; but upon taking to Elliot I concerning it. he shook his head, and said, i ho seldom saw good barley after turnips, | when the land required to be forced ; and that he will pawn his word that we have I better barley upon the break that carried f beans last year, which he is forthwith to t appd.fiirr ,w. He savss that he means 1 | to sow this field green or uft?*r the I plough, andjiot allow it to spire and lose i braiding sap. The field to be sure is clean, < and perfectly free of quickens; so I dare ! say the method meant to be taken,is a \ good one. Fairbairn and his womeii, for | aevenl days, have been gathering stones t on the break of clover intended for cutting; ' and my corps hare digged a number of drains in the adjoining field intended for f summer-fallow, into which the stones are t deposited. Three carts are employed to t drive the stones, which are instantly pur into s the drains ; and while Fairbatrn superin- c tends the gathering process, the task of fill- ' ing in and covering up, is committed to your < humble servant. We work five hours in 1 the forenoon, and four in the afternoon, and < go merrily forward. } From the American Farmer. I China Tree Corn* t There are few subjects on which such opposite opinions have been formed and ex- c pressed, as there have been in regard to this i corn. Whilst in some places it is denoun- t ced as a humbug and a cheat, in others it \ is declared to be a valuable and prolific p variety, and is considered worthy the atlen- c tion of the farmer. We have heretofore published communications highly favorably r to it from Mr. Sangston and Dr. Muse, f and we present a second one this week from s the pen of Eil. P. Roberts. Esq. who has f fell i: due to Mr. Thorburn to give this sec. p ond testimony in its favor. We frequently t hear of disappointments in the result of plan- p ting seeds, which in many cases are producted no doubt from unsuitable location, or c other similar circumstances, but there is as i little doubt are as often from the want of e I genuineness in the seed. As we are anx- s ious to do justice to evpry one, wr most r cheerfully give place to the communication ?t of Mr. R. ii The Chinese Tbee Corn. i J- S. Skinner, Esq.?Dear Sir,?In I publishing my note on the subject of the \ Chinese, Tret Corn, of the 31st of July last, t you appended a note from a correspondent t! of Fairfax County, Virginia, who remarks, c that he had planted two cars of the Chi. Ij nese Tree Corn upon land well manured h and limed?the result will prove it absolutely worthless, and more like a rush thao a l< tree." ' v I have read also in your paper an article l Imrtm tk?t ovAullflnl naimr. ** TA* SI Farmer," whose editor affirms, that ** the China Corn is a complete deception practised upon the credulous and confiding public," and adds with great severity,?and if the Chinese Tree Corn was the worthless thing 1 represented, with equal justice, that the author of the deception would be entitled to the severest reprehension. The same ar- r tide contains the declaration of Mr. How- v ard, the able conductor of tho ZanesvilU, c Gazette, that it was not an early corn, and p that some farmers " observe that it will re. quire two years to mature this com." ? 1 have no doubt that each of those gen- v tlemen have spoken conscientiously upon j tb<8 subject, ond I am equally certain, from j, the result of my own experiment. that they f have been deceived in the variety of corn g they have purchased as the Chinese Tree Corn ; for it is impossible that results so r different to my own, could, under any other c circumstances have occured. r As I promised you in my former note tj that" io the fall I would mea*ure my little c patch, and gve you a faithful account of its t, yield," i now proceed to redeem that pledge," y and 1 do it with the more cheerfulness, ns I p conceive it but an act of justice due to Mr. j( Thorburn, that those at least with whom his p com has succeeded well, should speak of it p as it deserves, in order that so far ss their Q moral influence may go, his name may be rescued from the fate of those who practice j, <* deception" either upon private individuals, p <> ilia nnhlil* u 1 IIIV |/uuiiv? II With these explanatory remarks, I will t state its yield, and such other characters- r tic traits as it strikes me to possess. h My patch was planted on a plot of ground t in my garden, 32 by 23 feet in dimensions, d making 736 square feet. The soil a was a deep rich loam, which, as I described a to you, I highly manured. It had the bene. r fit of good culture, and its working was at- ( ways done at the right time. On the 15ih j{ of September, I gathered and housed my t little crop, consisting of 254 good ears, re- [ jecting all the nubbins. While the corn was in the roasting ear state, as I observed ( . in my former note, I pulled 24 good ears. If t then, I add these to those I pulled on the [ 15th of September, it gives the product of f 268 ears on 73i square feet of ground, and j as there are 43,560 square feet in an acre, , the yield calculating that each ear will shell ( half a pint of corn,* was at the rate of 128 ( 33.64 bushels per acre. But this is far , short of the actual yield, as one of my cows , found her way into my garden on the night * I measured an 8 inch ear, the yield of which wajbfdfa j>ia? i rf th4kjl5th of August, and destroyed a considerable quantity. Besides this, my chick* ans depredated largely upon it. Having spoken of iff yield, I will proceed to state its peculiar traits of character. \\M9uckers branch out from tho root, and ifter arriving at maturity, it is difficult to hstinguish them from the main stalks being jo nearly equal in size, and so alike in appearance. The stalks and suckers were from 9 to 11 i feet high ; not so thick as mav be supposed i rom the number of suckers which were hruwaoutand permitted to grow, as the arger varieties of fieid corn, which are ; ?eneraly carefully suckered. From actual l measurement, however, I cnn state that the i mclrtr^ and stalks in my patch were from < 3 3-lfl.io 4 1*10 inches in circumference, wftusiffi fotl^ inches from the ground, i tfanted but two* grains of corn in each hilf, tnd yet those hills had on them 10,14, and n one instance, 19 good sized ears each. The ears have 10 rows ofgrain on them, i ire from 8 to 11 inches long, of medium I hickness; the grain a beautiful pearly whit^ 1 lint, of great specific gravity, and from the i iweetness of the roasting ears which we i looked, I have no oubt will prove an ex. i iellent meal-corn, and be found to posses a rery large quantity of saccharine mattter. i X makes as may be presumed, a very large j juantity of fodder; and on that account is < lesirable to a very great portion of corn i >!antera, most of whom rely in a measure ipon their corn-fields to furnish winter pro* < render for their stock I So far from its being a late corn, and retiring two seasons to mature it, I consider t an early corn, which opinion is borne out >y the fact of my having gathered and toused mine on the 15th of September, a leriod when much other corn is scarcely mt of the milky state. 1 have given the result of my own expe. ience above, and will add, that two of my fiends who made experiments with it also, peak in high terms of its productiveness, besides these gentlemen, I observe in your taper that Dr. Muse and Mr. Sangstont of he Eastern Shore of this S:ate, are well I (leased with their experiments. I have thus discharged a duty which I j iwe to Mr. Thorburn, and will remark, that j n doing so I have no posssible interest, eith- I Tofa pecuniary nature, or of feeling, to i ubserve. He is a gentleman that 1 know | lot except by reputation. I have never had i he slightest correspondence with him, and I n all human probability never will. But it i s sufficient for me to know that he is a dis. i inguistted Seedsman, and that he is theor- i gmtf of Laurie Todd, to ma ke me feel solid- i ous about his fame, and willing, whenever hat fame may beasaaniled with unmerited < tbloquy, to take up the gaunlet, couch a i ance, and run the hazards of a tourney in I lis defence. i I will conclude this, perhaps uninteresting i ?tter, by stating, that 1 am so well pleased j rith the Chinese Tree Corn, that I have de- i ermined to plant no other kind next season < I1 Respectfully, your nb't. servb.. < Edward P. Roberts. Mulberry, Grove, Oct. 1, 1839. ______________ 1 rhe Farmer should Read and Think, i Shenectady, May, 1939. i J. Burl?Dear Sir?We learn from the 1 nost skilful anatomists, that the brain of all 2 ertebral animals is of rapid growth and in. urease, from conception to birth, wiien the 1 train of all such animals in the sea e below 1 ran, is complete and full ns at maturity of 1 ige. Some evidence of this may be obser ed from their activity and facility of help. ' ng themselves to food, &c. With men it 1 s otherwise, which may also be observed 1 rom bis inability to do any thing for him. 2 elf in infancy. * The brain in man, is also of the same < apid growth from conception, but is not I omplete at birth. It continues the same apid increase in volume and improvement ' ill the seventh year of age, when it is also 1 ornpb' and is fully developed, as at ma. I jre age, with little increase to seventy 1 ears. All the increase and volume of the > train af:er birih in man, is wholly wanting * mi A . i l_J_ t n all other animals, mis tact snows piam- v y the beneficience of the great Creator, in 1 estrwing on man greater gifts than on any f his creatures. I When the brain has become complete ' 1 man, at his seventh year, it is like a large ? lank book full of leaves ready to receive i mpressions. He now becomes a moral ' xiing, with capacity for intellectual improve. ( nent, as well as'physical. He is now to learn ( lis relations to his God, as tho great and | eneficient giver; to himself, as the imme. liate field of operation; and to his neighbor 1 s the comfortable and convenient fellow 1 issociate, in the mutual uses and improve. 1 nent of the immense good gifts of the great ' Creator in the relations here, and of the ' nfinitely greater gifts and provisions for a 1 letter existence hereafter, beyond our vision, >ut of full and perfect faith. From all theso blessings, it must be evi- ' lent to every rational and reflecting man, hat all these superior gifts were intended to >e improved and accounted for, like the 1 alents bestowed by the "man travelling nto a fur country, who delivered to his ser. /ants his goods. To one he gave five tal- 1 mts, to another two, and to another one? ind who after a long time, returned and 'eckoned with them."?Mathew xxvi. 14, SEC. Can man, on whom such great bounties have been conferred, fulfil all his duties, by folding his arms in idleness ? If he be rich in the good gifts of Providence?in wealth, health and intellect, shall he say that he has enough, as an excuse for indolence and < ease ? We read, "to whom much is given, of him much will be required and it wi'l be with the highest justice, too. ' But, farmers in general, have chosen to i degrade their own occupation, by calling it ! a life of drudgery and igrance~thinking it i enough if they know the horse from the ot, \ can plough, sow their seed, swing the axe, ! the scythe and the cradle m harvest. They < should ^collect, that the first and most honorable employment appointed by God to man, was to dress the flower-garden, and till the ground. And shall man despise this noble employment, under such authority and profit, and call it degrading? He i does so, and it is because he is idle, and ig- > norant of the great gifis, of almost infinite uses of application in science, in the perfotr mance of Mm various duties of the good husbandman. \ To be a good and profitable farmer, requires the man to be as scientific, as to be i the good and skilful physician. He is to i learn and understand that all vegetables | must feed, as well as all animals do. He < should learn how they feed, and on what < aliment they thrive most rapidly. I When the farmer has acquired sufficient I L-rirtuiIf>Acrn in hnlnnv nnH r?hr?rr?ioti?v for ! renv<* ivug?' wumim j ? ? ^laviuiwii j w? profit, to guide him in his husbandry, ho j will know that all living substances, that is, | ah organic bodies possessing the gift of life i whether of the animal or vegetable king. \ Jom, must derive their sustenance from or. i ganized matter, that is from animal or veg- i stable i odies in a state cf decomposition \ ificr death. The earth is a scene and footpath for locomotives, in seeking their food < ind pleasure. It is the foot-stool and sup- < port of the vegetable tribe. No animals 1 Dr vegetables can derive nutriment from uther living organized bodies. The stom- i ich of no living animal ha9 any di- I gestive power over any living animal or I vegetable in it. Bu?, so soon as life is ex- i met, all animal and vegetable matters, be. I :ome food, to digest and nourish all living 1 organized bodies, both animal and vegota. trie. Although the human stomach has no digestive power on living matter, yet i'a own gastric secretions will digest even its own, the same stomach that secretes it, so soon is the subject is dead. The living principle protects all living bodies from decomposition and digpgtion. But tho moment the living principle has departed and become extinct, it is subject to both decomposition and digestion. So the vegetable feeds on decomposed animal ar.d vegetable matter, as does lie animal kingdom. All the nourishment of animals and vegetables is derived from organized matter, that is, from matter once possessing the living principle, and that has suffered death, or the cessation of the living principle. The air, water, lime, alkali, caloric, silex, phosphorus, carbon, light, oxygen, hydrogen, nitric and electric fluids, and the thousand 1 o her fluids and gases yet beyond the knowledge of man, all lending their aid in promo I ling animal and vegetable life and growth, 'he earth being the vehicle and support. What a wide field is here opened to the vigilant and intelligent farmer! And will he husbandman continue to waste his leisure hours of morn and eve, and rainy days j in idle talk and sleep, when his profession iuffers so great loss from his ignorance? If the farmer would begin to read, he would soon acquire a taste for reading ' iiore; and his thirst for science would urge 1 lim to notice that most valuable injunction, ga'her up the crumbs that nothing be lost." 1 How many crumbs of time are lost to the "armer, which, if employed in reading. ' would make him intelligent and honorable 1 imongmen.and skilful in his occupation. ' 3un all this useful knowledge of the growth )f vegetables be understood by the self-suf 1 cioiiii uui iguuram mrnicr i To become a scientific and successful 1 uisbandman, requires more knowledge in 1 laturul science, than to be the most im- ' jrovd mechanic. Although the skilful mechanic must learn the principles and ' rules of his operation from the laws of naure, by reading, and the application of in- 1 iustry, yet his task is more easy, because 1 nore visible and tangible. The husbandman, al:hough he cannot jerfectly understand the process by which lis vegetables' increase in growth, yet he I tees that they have grown and produced a j rich load, and he reaps the most bountiful larvest from his improved and scientific ' :ultivation. The numerous reports of 1 scientific farmers, recorded in the Cultivator ' 3rove this. The principles of husbandry must be the ( same every where; but different soils and | different climates require a diversity of treatment and culture. All these man must J learn by science and experiment; for that { law, that he Mshall eat his bread by the j sweat of his brow," has not been repealed, j Nor will Divine Wisdom ever repeal that i law, because it is not for man's good to be j idle. If he were not obliged to labor, he ( would soou perish in filth and sloth, and not | learn gratitude to God, who gives him all < things ric-'ly, in goodness and mercy. I must defer saying more till another opportunity, as this will occupy too large a space in your useful Cultivator, to the exclusion of more interesting matter. Respectfully. DAVID TOMLINSQN. rohan potatoe. The Rohan Potatoe has answered admirably in this state, as far as we have heard ?several farmers in the vicinity of this city, have been very aucceafbl, and wo learn from (ho Somerset Herald, that Mr. W. W# Johnson, from 6 lbs. of tubers planted, obtained 846 lbs. or 15 bushel, and 6 lbs. allowing 56 lbs. (o the bushel, and which if Bold at the price which wa9 paid for the said seed, 37 1-2 cts. per lb. would produce $317 25?and that Mr. T. G. Dashiel from two small tubers weighing about a half a pound produced 112 lbs, or two bushels. Mr. D. has sold some of his crop at 50 cents for each potatoe ? We copy the following from the Nations! Intelligencer as shewing the success which has atiended the culture in another section of the state, which proves that it may with confidence bo relied on as suited fer our meridian. We have received from a subscriber in Montgomery co. Md. samples of a crop of the Rohan potato, raised by him this season on bis farm ia Hiat&mity? Tte potatoes Bent'to us are of enormous size and weight; being also perfectly sound. The following information concerning this valuable pro* duct, extracted from the letter which accompanied them, may be useful the many readers :" The Rohan potato, latterly introduced into this country, is remarkuble for its large size, extraordinary productiveness, fine flavor, and farinaceous qualities as & lute or winter table potato, or for stock. For experiment, I plauted sen8rately two potatoes, weighing e?ch a pound, (being about half the size of the accompanying) ind i raised from them 143 lbs. which is rather more than 2} bushois; and I have reason to believe my whole crop (about 3000 bushels) will fully equal this increase. They are certainly a most valuable intro. Juciion, and I doubt not will be universally cultivated?giving an increase of more than seventy fold." In order to accomdate our friends who jesire to cultivate the Rohan, and to ensure to them a genuine article, the publisher of the American Farmer expects shortly to receive from M C. N. Bement, of Three Hills Farm, near Albany, a email quantity, which he will dispose of on moderate terms. American Farmer. Management of Benet, Desultory Observations on Breaking Breeding and Managing Horses and Treating some of their Diseases. To the Editor of the Franklin Farmer; ?I have often thought that the horse was much neglected here, in comparison with any other stock. I do not speak of the raco horse, which is not, in my opinion, of any use to agriculturists or ftftliMi,* but as being only the means of gratifying the national taste, rather more innocent or agreeable than the Bullfights in Spain.? About forty years ago, horses were generally handsomer and better in Kentucky, than they are now ; but as soon as our at. tention was turned to raising mules, the horse was neglected. In Europe, horses were divided into three classes?the drought or work horse, including the carriage horse, the horse of burden, and the riding horse or poney. Draught or work horses must be of a strong make, t iller than the others, and yet be active and supple in their movements ?-his height 15 or 16 hands. The horse of burden must be smaller, say IS or 14 hnnds, and is preferred by many for his su. ptrior strength. The riding or saddle horse must be slender and elegant in alt his limbs and may be within 15 bands. It would be advantageous for every rich far. mer to own a stud horse for his own use, ind of a strong breed of the draught and riding classes combined. If amonghiscolt* here should be a racer, as it might happen, le won Id be sold as such and would be an ;xtra profit without any risk. The stallion :hus kept for the farm, and therefore limited u a certain number of mares, would have a lardy and strong progeny, far superior to he weak offspring of a worn out tire. The animal himself would preserve his strength a long time unimpaired and even be worked with great advantage to his owner. The extreme plurality of mares, bred to one lorse, is one of the causes of the degeoera. 3y of horses. The choice of mares is still more import* int than that of the horse; for many oolts resemble their dams, more than their sires; md this is another cause of degeneracy.* rhe education of horses, like that of men, begins in their infancy. The care that is jiven to ;he mare naturally enables a perion to touch and caress the eolt kselfc which doses its shyness, and becomes gentle and jasy to break to his future labor. But al. hough he may be broke even at two years !>ld, he should never be rode or worked un* The parent which has had ant quality good or bad deeply impreeeed upon too constitution by inheriting it through a long lino of aaeaatij will commonly transmit this quality to the off-* spring. Therefore if ono of the parents is wall 1 ' ? ! !>?< tk. nrnmimint ffMltmslL ureu t iUftb 19) IIM (MM* MiV 1 ties of its species to descend! to it through both lines of ancestry, or through the several conveving lines, without a cross from aakaals of hilc. rior auality, and the other parent is with** bidding that is, has no distinctive qus^T inherited through a line of aneestry,~theP*i|e ofibpringwill common y if not invariable rsseable the well bred parent, whether unle or female. This principle is well exempted in the oolts of Imported Stafford, which resemble the sire, without exception so far s? we have seen or beard, in color, and general!/also in form, so far aa the former can be judged of at so early an age, notwithstanding the great diversity in the color and form of the dams. The principle of which we speak is also strikingly exemplified in the Devon cattle, the oldest of the improved stocks, and of coarse that A in which the peculiarities of the stock are ran. _J deied most thoroughly constitutional by long in- / bsritance. The peculiarities of the stock invariably predominate in the half, and svso in the quarter bloods, especially wfcsn the erase fc wtt} unimproved Mocks. M V /