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CHERAW GAZETTE AND PEE DEE FARMER. VOLUME IV. CHERAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 27, 1839. NUMBER XLVI. EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. T~E R M S: If paid within three months, . . $3 00 II paid within threo months after the close ofthe year, - - - - - - 3 50 If paid within twelve months after the close of the year, 4 00 If not paid within that time, ... 5 00 A company of eight new subscribers at the same post office, whose names are forwarded together, and accompanied by the cash, shall be eotitled to the paper for $20; and a company * of fifteen now subscribers for $30. No paper to be discontinued but at the option , of tho editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines, inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty cents, each subsequent insertion. Parsons sending in advertisements are reques. tea .o specify the number of times they are to be ttXThe Postage must be paid on all comam nieations. ? ?l I'll To the Editor of the Cberaw Gazette. No. II. Sir?The question is often asked ** why is it you do not make more manure ?" and is as often answered* a we make aH we can? we cannot find time to make more." If this answer was founu ed on truth, 1 h efforts of your Agricultural Society would be fruitless, and the proposed Convention need never as. semble. The making and application of manures I look upon as a matter of tbo very highest importance. Indeed it may be said to comprehend every thing?it is the corner-stone upon which must permanently rest the Agricultural prosperity of every country. For example, look to the bleak and sterile hills of New England, where nature herself eeems to have stamped her seal of poverty, and see what mighty wonders an enligh-tened system of manuring has achieved; where its cost must be four-fold what it would be with us. I will not draw a comparison, for certainly it would be any thing but crediiablc to us. We should, though, strive to emulate her example, and profit by her experience* Oiw neonle are not wanting in either enter v *" I 1? o prise or intelligence, but they require stimulating and directing for the full developeraent of their unbounded resources. It is neither for the want of time or avaOable means that more manure is not made, but it is because we do not use either judiciously or economically The quantity of land under cultivation is entirely too great,?the val e of the labour required to cultivate it, bearing no proportion to the value of its production?which has given rise to the very common interrogatory, " bow much do you make to the hand 3'* not how much to the acre 3 Lessening the quantity of land under cultivation may be looked upon as the first remedial step, and employing the surplus labour in making manure. I think it can be demonstrated to be the very best investment the Planter could make. If the crop should be a little short the first year, it will not be so the second. Having now the labour to epare, by lessening rhe quantity of land under cultivation, the materials for making manure will be found sc&tered in profusion every where. There is nothing scarcely that may not be j converted into manure,?if thrown into jour etables and lots?leaves?straw?green vege ?ku matfnr nf pvprv kind, and above all the VQVIV UIU??V* J w 6uper-soil from the woods. The quantity that can be accumulated in twelve months by on^ band with a horse and cart, would appear incredible to those who had not tried it. Appro* pos the subject;?A communication jin the last number of the Southern Agriculturist over the signature of aC. R. C." says, " I selected the best hand on my place, the driver himself and ordered him to see how many loads of gum or oak leaves he could rake and cart in one day; and though the leaves were close at hand, the result was but five loads. He might have carted more, but the difficulty was in filling the cart. We have no utensil, and, indeed, it would be difficult to invent one with which to load; so in (my parts,' we have to use a baskot, and trample the leaves in it, and then in the cart." One will not be supprised that "C. R. C." should have made so signal a failure. To trample the leaves in the basket, and then in the cart, would be, indeed, a tedious process. I should oertamly have not trampled them in the basket. Much more Would have been done if the arms simply had been used. But the most expeditious way would have been to have incorporated a portion of the surrounding earth, while the pile was being made, and a large four-pronged iron fork used, I have no doubt double the quantity would have been done, and worth four times as much when done. To resume?It is a matter of much importance how this accumulation in your stables, &c. should be managed so as to make it yield its greatest benefit as food to the plants to which it is to be applied. It is a very common practice to expose the manure, to the dilcterious influences of both sun aud rain, by which, the most valuable portion is lost 1 am certain the injury f retained is much greater than most persons are aware ot. To remedy in the fullest degree these difficulties, regards should be had to site upon whtch you intend to erect your stabies and lots. If you are compelled to choose a situation not naturally adapted, you should by all means make it so. It should be so arrang ed that nothing could eecape from it?being tl first levelled, then slightly concaved?so every v thing will be retained. It is further necessa- 0 ry that your vianurt should be well sheltered. P A very suitable place can be erected at the extremity of the lot for that purpose. Chaptal gives some directions in relation to this matter r which I will quote. He says, M It is neces- ^ sary m producing the fermentation of dung a and litter, to use certain precautions, by which t| the inconveniences arising from the usual s; mode may be avoided. Instead of heaping up h in large massess, the collections of the barn tl yard and stables, and allowing them to rot P uncovered, and exposed to the changes of e .1 .1 1 U i o WCUIier? Llicy BIJUUIU UC piaixu UIIUVI a mi*,**, or be at least protected from the rain by a ^ roof of straw or heath. Seperate layers should ^ be formed of each clearing of the stable*, cow j houses mi sheep pens. These layers should fa be from a foot and a half to two feet in thick- {< ness ; and when the heat, produced in them ? by fermentation, rises in the centre to more d than 95 degrees, or when the mass begins to smoke, it should be turned, to prevent decora- h pjsition from going too far. Fermentation 11 should be arrested as soon as tbe straw con- j" tained in the heap begins to turn brown, and its texture to be decomposed." It has been a subject of dispute among Agri- y culturists and Chemists whether compost v manure should be applied in a fermented or t unfermented state. It is a question which t has elicited much speculation and experiment, r but does not as yet seem to be satisfactorily p settled. * Judge Bu 1, thinks that it altogether depends upon the manner in which it is applied. ^ If it is placed upon the surface of the earth, it r should be thoroughly decomposed?but if it c is intended lo be covered, it should not have f have gone through that process. Chaptal g advances a different theory, and mentions that ] it depends upon the nature ct the soil, and not c upon the peculiar application. He says,? t M Before deciding upon the question, whether t dung and litter should or should not be made c to ferment, it is necessary to take into consi- F deration the nature of the soil to be manured, f I f this be compact, clayey, and cold, it is better 1 that fermentation should not have taken place, ' as two effects will be produced by the application of the manure in an undecomposed state. ? In the first place it will improve the soil by a soften ng and dividing it, so as to render it jj permeable by air atxl wtn+ im tKa awt a place it will, whilst undergoing the successive s "f ,nrl flo^nmrwwitinn a piUtCHB VI iUUlcumtivu uuu warm the soil. If on the contrary the soil be s light, porous, calcarious, and warm, the tho- ) roughly fermented manure, or short muck, * H8 it is called by farmers, is preferable, be- ^ cause it gives out less heat, and instead of opening the earth, already too porous, to the ^ filtration of water, it moderates the flow of r that fluid. Long experience has made these r truths known to observing practical farmers, I Whether either or both of these different t theories, may not in some degree be correct,? n I will not at present undertake to determine! 1 but defer for a fiiture number. It is a question 1 of much importance and I should like to sec 1 it thoroughly investigated particularly in rela- J3 tion to the s ecies of manure commonly made use of in this section of country. I ARATOR. t c On Improving Worn-Out Lands. C Dear S*r,?In your lust favor you say, j " that about three years ago I published ( an article in yoar Journal, wherein I re. ( commended the owners of poor lands to , improve them, by planting a crop of small ( grain ; then peas, broadcast; and these to be ploughed under before hard frost, for the t next year's culture." This, I said, was the , practice in G -orgia. At your request I { am uow prepared to testify to the excellence of the suggestion, by my own, and the experience of others* To any kind of soil, green mat er, turned under, is ever an advantage, because it returns to the earth what it takes ; and much that it has absorbed from water and the atmosphere. However, a few general remarks are necessary before I give you " my say." > It seems that near every exhausted soil in this State, there is some material in a p. proximation to revive it?that, is clay or marl, high sandy lands, and vegetable matter in a state of nature, or to be produced by culture, niglt all of them. And to one 1 or more of these materials, must we look ' for the renovation of the soil. By mechan- i ical or chemical combinations, it may be * made susceptible of improvement; but after t all vegetable matter in decomposition, on e any substance, that when decomposing, will give out the elementary principles of vegeta- t bles, such as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, t constitute the food of plants. Moreover, it r will be found in the culture of corn and cot i ton, or in any other crop planted in as large t quantities to the hand ; as we do, the soil d must be invested by some material in ap. I< proximity, or the yield will not pay for the s cost of manuring. Manures that act as v chemical agents, that is that ioduee the de-, c composition of the vegetable mutter may be h fetched from a distance ;but it will be found ti that, for any other purposes, their expen- c siveness will not pay the planter in the yield n of short cotton. If these premises be cor- tl reel, of which my attention to manures has o assured me, the first questions for the owner il of poor lands to ask of himself are 1st. n VVhat is the nature of my soil ??is it chiefly r clay, or marl, or sand ; or combined of c liose three original earths ? 2dly. What egetable matter have I nigh me, or if none, t not in sufficient quantities, how shall I Toeure it? To the first inquiry, after he is answered, e will then say?that soil which absorbs aost moisture from the atmosphere, and eadily gives it out, is the best for cultiva. on; and that a due admixture of clay, sand, nd marl, presents the soil desired ; and if lere is no marl at hand,?Clay, mixed with and, and gravel or sand, mixed with clay, e may use as next in value. Now, to make lose combinations of soils, either of two lans may be selected. The first and most ffi ctual would b'>, to cart into the fi dd, that ne, or more of "the original earths" recured and plough them in : the second rould be to mix them in the cow-pen and table with the manure, to be carted out? fating In thislfray created a soil suscepti. le of being improved by manure, the planar should then look to trie second question ; rliicli because of its importance, I shall well on somewhat at large. To the second question. If the plamer - I? ? ? f -JIaaM<UI ft* Kltnd Uo as au auuuuiiiice ui uij icatcsui auu, *? iay use them ; if not, he may plant rye or rheat; which, being winter growths, can ie turned under, for the spring crop. And s I am satisfied thai the planters of shor* o'.ton in the middle and upper country will ooner or later have to use dry or green eg'Mable matter us a manure, to the relaive value of each, let me call your attenion. J must also request you to bear in nind, that I intend my remarks to be ap. died chiefly to the middle country, the dry egetable matter of whose high lands is an decomposable than that of the sea., loard; and, therefore, must be used with nore preparation for instunt crops. 1 have used dry leaves both for corn and :otton beneficially on sandy lands: how nuch more so then would they bo on cold, tiff* moist soils, you may easily conceive.? i have noticed that those leaves which pro_ luced the most potash or the most gum, are >est. Not because of the greater proporion of the ligneous matter in them, but, be:ause such leuves are more readily decom>osable than others, and their nutritious )articli>s more soluble in water, in whicn orm, the roots of plants consume them.? The gum leaf, for a present crop, is the first, hen trie hickory, then the oak; and, lastly, line trash. The leaves of the yellow pine cannot be used for a present crop, for they ire resinous, and for nearly a year insoluble a waler, or in othor mdecumposu. 4-, U.j leaves yield one seventh of tliemelves in manure ; warm the earth in their ict of dccomposi:ion ; and, by opening figures in it, admit air to the roo s of plan s : et, they are by no means so valuable, as ho turning under of green vegetable matter; >ecause, they cost more and do not afford ht same nourishment. I selected the best hand on my place, the Irivcr himself, and ordered him to see how nany loads of gum or ouk leaves he could ake and cart in one day ; and though the eaves were close at hand, the result tut five loads. He might have carted nore, but the difficulty was in the filling of he cart. VVc have no utensil, and, indeed, t would be difficult to invent one with which 0 load ; so in " my parts,*' we have to use 1 basket, and trample the leaves in it, and hen in the cart. With pine trash, we might se the ordinary fork, but the oak leaves all through its prongs, i allow then that he driver, horse and cart ore worth fifty :cnts a day ; I would not hire the same unler one dollar. Now 1 am satisfied by ex>crimenr, that not less than one hundred :art loads of leaves to the acre will benefit :otton land, so as to make an impression on t; and to cart there, it would lake twenty lays, and therefore cost ten dollars. Now, let us plant rye in September, #o be urned under in J one or July, while injlvwtr, vith a broadcast of peas ; and (hen to be doughed in before hard frost, for the,spring culture. Dne single plough, planting an acre or more per day, is $ 37j rlalf bushel of rye to the acre, or less, 50 3ne single plough, to plant peas broadcast, 37 J -v - L -L i ?i? i im jne ousuei p?us, ui ica?, * w 3ne double plough to tuio under pea stuble, 02 } *2 87J Two 87} dollars deducted from ten, eaves a balance of seven 12} dollars in fa* or of green vegetable matter. And this is tot all, it has been discovered by chemical inalysis, that while green vegetable mater contains one-fourth of manure, dry vegetables contain but one-seventh. But let me take another view. Suppose hat by some indention or improvement in lie construction of the cart and fork, a hand night increase the number of loads carried n a day, could one have the smallest hope hat he would accomplish twenty ; or if he lid, that is, reduce the price of certing, eaves to $2 87 1-2 the acre, would it be is valuable as gr*?en vegetable matter, vhich turns out nearly double the quantity if manure ? But it may be said, that one lundred cart loads of leaves, though conlining relatively less, will turn out on acount of bulk, or quantity, or weight, more nanure than a crop of rye to the acre. 1 o his I reply, that to produce the same effect n the acre as rye, the leaves must be double :s weight; and, that they are not, you lay decide, should you have ever seen the ye in flower, compared with one hundred art loads of leaves strewed over ao aero. The one may contain more bulk, but the \ former is heavier, and will afford more manure to theso'l, independent of the pea stub, ble, the nutritious qualities of which have been too long known to bedened. , However, I need not inform you how much green vegetable matter is valued as a manure : the books are full of its praise, and none presents a greater number of proofs of its effttet than Chaptal's. Whoever uses this manure should not forget that j green vegetable matter should be turned under while in Bower, or before it goes to seed. Chaptal says, page 94?"In order fully to understand this doctrine, which appears to me of great importance to agriculture, it is necessary to consider the success.ve changes which take place in annual plants during their growth ; first, they produce gjfiaa leaves, which hf coming in Contact with itio a!fr f? tK? nnnxinla* MfV ui|| BVWIVV II VIII ?% IIIU I'llllVipiUtf of which I have spoken; subsequently the stalks increase in size and number, and are covered with numerous leaves, which absorb from the atmosphere a degree of nourishment suited to the increasing wants of the plants; the strength, fullness, and depth of hue of the leaves and the stalks, particularly of the latter, increase in proportion to the richness of the soil. " This state continues till after the period of flowering, when a change, worthy of note, takes place ; the roots dry up, the stalks wither, and change their colors ; and when fructification is at length completed, both roots and stalks have become mere skeletons, which answer but little purpose either for nourishing animals, or manuring eurth. During this period of vegetation, what becomes of the juices that were so ab>, undunt in the roots and stalks? They have been consumed by the formation of the seeds. To illustrate this, he gives the experiment of M. Matthieu de Dombasle. Tiiis gen* tit-man on ihe 26th June, 1820, at their time of flowering, within a small space, selected forty wheat plants of equal size and strength, each having three stalks bearing heads ; he pulled twenty of theui, with all their roots, and left the rest to complete their fructification. Having carefully freed from earth the roois of those lie hud taken up, he cut the stalks two inches above the base, and dried separately the roots, aad the stalks surmoucted by their heads." The roots and the portion of the stalks remaining with them, weighed, grains, 627 The stalks, heads, and leaves, " 1946 6 Total, 2603 5 On the 28th of August, the time of har vest he plucked up the twenty plants which had been Iqf; for seed, Separating the roots, and cutting the stalks as of the first; of taese, the weight was as follows : GRAINS. Roots, 419 53 S.raw husks and beards, 1318 75 Grain, 1025 60 Total. 2763 97 "During these two months, t e roots and the portions of stalks adhering to tueni, had lost 237 52 The s.alka, heads and leaves had lost 624 67 Total loss, 862 19 u But as the seed weighed 1025 69 grains, the whole had increased in weight 160 47 grains troy. From tnis experiment we may conclude, that the juices contained in plants, at the time of flowering, contributes to the formation of the grain in the 862 19 proportion of ?nd that the excess of the weight of the grain, which is 160 47 grains, arises from the nourishment which the plant absorbs from the air or soil, during the two months of fructification*" From this exjierimeni, we at onco see the impor auce of turning under green crops while in flower, or before they go to ...J Tl.u off.mtn riP ikir nHIKMa nPP thfll A 11^5 v/1 una J'l uiw 1st. Green matter returns to the soil nearly double that of stubble. 2d. By ploughing it under in flower, wo have less grass to contend with the next spring. 3d By exposing their roots to the sun or the coming frosts, many paras'ic vegetables are de? stroyed ; and decomposing, udd something to the productiveness of the soil. 4tn. By the destruction of roots and parasitic vegetables. less manure is taken from the soil during the winter. 5th. This matter decomposes and is absorbed by the earth for early crops. 6th. The earth has not only received its first required ploughing, but is beneficially exposed to the winter frosts. Your's, truly, C. R. C. So. Agriculturalist. From the South Carolinian. GEN. M'DUFFIE'S LETTER. Sir The numerous and incessant denunciations, to which the " Cotton Circular" has been exposed, ever since its publication, and the misapprehensions in which those de. nunciations seem to have originated, render it in some sort, my duty, to explain the true object of that paper, so far as I understand it, and to state moreover, the exact relation that I bear to it. While remaining a few days in New York, on my return from Europe, I met with two of my friends, who were cotton planters; and the extraordinary and arlificiaI state of the cotton trade, and its consequent exposure to the mercy of adverse combinations, on the other side of the water, and of every great pressure in the money markets, either of London or New York, became the subject of frequent conversation between us. We concurred fully in certain leading features of a pian, for restoring the trade in that staple, which is the actual currency oj onrforeign commerce, to something like the stability and uniformity which should be. long to an article performing a function so highly important?a plan which would, at the same time, promote the interests of the cotton planters, give to our southern banks that control over the foreign exchanges, that naturally,and rightfully belongs to the States which produce the staple upon which nearly all the foreign bills of the Uuited States are drawn ; and by this means give a powerful nid, to the direct trade of importation and exportation, through our southern cities, in which all parties among us take so deep an interest. I will now, very briefly, stale the out-fains offheptsn, tn ajgph I hwv? far as my views and opinions tie involved in it. 1 propose that the existing banks, in the cotton growing States, should discount the notes of cotton planters and others, upon tho security of cotton, actually deposited in a neighboring warehouse, every paper being in posession of the bank, necessary to the completeness and security of its lien. That the notes should be discounted at 90 days, with an understanding, that if the proprietor of the cotton determined not to have it shipped to Europo in that time, the note must be punctually paid at its maturity,or the Bank be authorized to have the cotton sold, holding the surplus, after paying the note, as a deposit to the credit of the proprietor. But if the proprietor determined to ship his cotton, which it is presumed would be the case, in most instances, the Bank should be authorized, at the end of the ninety.days, to- draw a ninety-day bill upon Europe against the cotton, having been at the time of the shipment, placed in possession of all the documents necessary to make that authority affective, the planter or proprietor, retaining the control over the time3 and terms of selling the cotton, provided it be sold in time to discharge the bill drawn against it, at its maturity. This is the whole sum and substance ol the pian, so far as I have had any agenc) in it. In setting down ninety days as th< time that the notes discounted, and bill: drawn should have to run, I have merelj adopted what I suppose would be convenien pfrKwl*. subject of course to such modifica tio is as experience may suggest This is a very simple plan, entiiely unin cumbered with new or experimental ma chinery ; and though it aims to work ni miracles, I will point out in a few words whut I consider the plain results and obvious benefits it would produce, to our banks and our cotton planters and our merchants Ii would place our banks on a more solic foundation than any other banks in the Uni ted States, by giving them a constant sup ply ol foreign exchange. For example, I send my cotton to Charleston, at any con< venient periods. I apply to one of oui banks, to discount my note at 90 days, upoi the security of that portion of mycottoi actually in the warehouse, instead of per sonul security ; the bank having the cottoi inspected, its current value estimated bj competent judges, and discounting ray note for such an amount as will render the transaction perfectly safe. At the end of th? 90 days, I pay off my note, not in the bilii of iho bank itself, which it cannot couver into specie, but in an unquestionable bill ol exchange on London, which I authorize i to draw, payable ninety days after sight, or Baring, Brothers, &c Co., with whoso houst in Liverpool, I have in the mean time,cau sed my cotton to be deposited, subject to th< lien of the bank. Now, every welLiuform banker knows that, a bill of exchange upor London, is to a bank here precisely equiv alent to so much specie in its waults. Foi all practical purposes, therefore, I pay of my note to the bank in specie. It follow: that a bunk, that would go largely into thi: business, would have a constant supply o sturling exchange, of the most unqu<stiora ble kind, that would render it perfectly im pregnable. So much for the immediate benefits this plan would confer on our south em bunks. The benefits which the planter would de rive from it would be, in the first pclae, tb< prompt conversion of a large proportion o his cott n into cash, as soon as it reachet the market, without selling it, and witnou asking any costly favors of his factor o any body else ; for the transaction with tin bank, however, beneficial to the planter would be conferring a favor instead of re ceiving it. In the next place, the plante would have six months and a half or sevei months, from the time he received the ad vance upon his cotton, to avail himself o any favorable changes in the market, if h< should choose to ship it to Europe. A bil drawn on England at 9l) days sight, couk never be presented in less than 15 days, an< often in not less than thirty, after its sal< here ; so that this much would be added t< the two fixed periods of 90 days each which the noto and the bill bad to run: But another advantage would result t< the planter, from the proposed plan, less direct, but not less important?an advantage in which every class, on both sides of tht water, would largely participate. That ad vantage is, its strong tendency to prevent th< extravagant fluctuations in the price of cot ton, we have heretofore experienced, so ru. inous to all concerned, by taking the cottor trade, to a very great extent, out of the hand: of mere speculators, who generally, have very little capital, and rely almost entirety on bank credits for the means of operating The people Have no idea bow large a pro* portion of our cotton crop accumulates every year, io the hands of speculators, on both sides of the Atlantic* I was informed by one of the first bankers in England, that it was a common occurence, for a cotton broker, with a capital of ?20,000 to have on hand cotton to the amount of ?200,000. The matter is even worse in this country. A speculator, who can by any means, get a credit in one of our banks, for ?20,000, by repeating the operations of purchasing, shipping, and drawing rapidly, can soon have in his possessien cotton to the amount of $200,000; resting on no other basis than the original bank loan of $20,000. While trade is seemingly prosperous, money abundant, and loans easily obtained, this accumulation of cotton in the hands of specula*. l -loci and hnokaifc uadoubledljteoda to enhance the price. But the moment there oe. curs a pressure in the money marked and the banks have to call in their debtsand cur* tail their discounts, the whole of this accumulated mass of cotton it necessarily forced upon the market at once, in quantity, three or lour times exceeding the existing aemana for it; unavoidably producing an extreme and unnatural depression in the price. It is much more the interest of the cotton planters and regular merchants, that the price of cotton should be steady and uniform, than that it should be occasionally very high. But mere cotton speculators have the same Interest in the fluctuations in the price of cotton, as money brokers have in the derangement and fluctuations of the currency. I was very much surprised, therefore, ' a hen 1 saw that your intelligent correspondi ent, ** A Cotton Planterao very widely 1 mistook the matter, as to ascribe to the , u Cotton Circular," a design to force a i confederacy between the banka and the i speculators ! Heaven forbid the bancs of I such a union. Your correspondent would .* have come much nearer the mark, if he , had supposed that about nine-tenths of the I assaults made upon that paper, have pro; cocded directly or indirectly from this latter i class of persons. No banking operations can be morelc. f gitimate than that proposed by the circular, r Besides the stability and security it will im: part to the banks, it prescribes a safe praCi tical limit upon bank circulation. A cur* f rency never can become redundant, which t is issued upon the principle proposed, for . every dollar of circulation thus issued, would roprescnt the actual annual income . of the country. This would not be a mere . nominal repr< sentation, as is the case when 3 it is said that bank bills represent specie, i, The cotton is actually there to the full a. mount of ihe bills issued and advanced upon , it, when every body knows that the specie . in the vaults of all the banka does not a{ mount to one.fourth of their aggregate cir* . culation. So that, in, fact, every paper - dollar represents only twenty-five cents io [ specie. 1 shall be very naturally asked, . " if these are your views of our system of r banking, how is it that you signed a paper * DioDosinir the issue of Dost notes navable at t o t r ? r v remote periods 7" " I answer, that my name was signed to the Circular, by a friend several weeks after 1 left New York, upon tbe implied authority, derived from a very strong and intimate personal friendship, and from my known concurrence in the general principles and objects developed in that doc. nment. The issue of post notes, be no doubf considered a matter of detail, which the ' Convention would adopt or reject as its de. liberate judgment should dictate. I am very sorry it was suggested in the Circular, as it has given rise tu much of the opposition to a call of a Convention, and is a measure to which (should, as at present advised, be decidedly opposed. I do not think the proposed post notes could possibly be mader to answer the purpose of a currency, and as a cotton planter, I urn sure they would not ' answer my purpose. As to the sixty million cotton Bank, which some lively imagination has foisted ' into the Circular, the people of South Caro? lina do not require to be informed, that I am the very last man in the State, who would give it the slightest countenance. . They cannot but recollect, that in my last annual message?as Chief Ma gisti ate of . South Carolina, 1 used the very strongest > lunguage iu opposition iu uie cua'vci vi f u gigantic Bank then projected, urging in 1 opposition to it the general redundancy of t the currency, and predicting the commerr cial explosion which took place a few months 3 afterwards, to those who were utterly dca* t to the warning. That bank was chartered . by an ovorwh Iming majority ; those who r are now for a U. States Bank, and those i who are for a Sub-Tresury system, seem* - ing to vie with each other, who should con. f tribute most, to swell the torrent in its favor, 3 while 1 should have stood solitary and | alone." if the venerable Judge Colcocs, j whose loss South Corolina has so much J cause to deplore, and a few others, had not i stood firmly by my si ie. It would be ex) traordinary indoed, if under these circum. f u r?-r ....L . k.^1. , SlUIHJUS, 1 tilluUiU W?J ill wtui vi su^u m uuuit as has been recently suggested* Iamono > of those who believe, that the issue of one i hundred millions of bank paper, m addition , to the present circulation, so for from ad? > ding one cent to the wealth or capital of the . country, would be the greatest evil that $ could be inflicted on it; operating as an in. sidious transfer of that vast sum, from the , pockets of the people at large, to the cor*. \ poration issuing the paper. I believe our i currency is now redundant, and that no teak. edy can ever cure its diseased condition, ' whether it be the sub treasury scheme, or I national bank, that does not reduce our