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CHE'RAW GAZETTE ft . AND * ^ PEE DEE FARMER. " VOLu!^nva!, S =,!B, *, ,!l!= =^5ERAw!,SOUT^^^UNA*?RIDAY,EVEN!NG*^A7T^?!* ! *= * NUMER^^> Ke EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. TERMS: Ifpaid within three months, . . 3 01) II paid within three months after the close of the year, - . . 3 50 If paid within twelve months after the , oloao of the year 4 00 If uot paid within that time, . .5 00 - A company often persons taking the paper at the same Post Office, shall be entitled to it at $25 -provided the names be forwarded together, and accompanied by the money. ^ No paper to bo discontinued but at the option oftho editor till arrearages arc paid. Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines, inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty cents, each subsequent insertion Persons sending in advertisements arc request, eu to specify the number of times they aro to be iuse'ted; otherwise they will be continued till ordered out, and charged accordingly. 0"The Postage must be paid on all cominunications. XHFROYBMENT IN THE BREED OP HORSES. It will bo found on inquiry that gpadJfee*. scs have been becoming gradually scarcer in our fairs lor the last twenty years; and we find that many, of what was considered the most useful sort have now entirely disappeared. The breed is quite extinct.? 'Where for example, do we now find the fine short legged handsome cob, whose action and strength enabled him to go an> pace, and to carry any weight that could ride? How few of the splendid carriage horses which were met with fifteen or twenty years ago are now to be seen ! Nay, how t'cw of unythmg really good is there to be met with ? The breeders having parted with their best mares, are now under the necessity of ^employing those which remain. For these, perhaps, they look out for a good horse ; but whatever may be the good qualities of the sire, the produce will, in a greater or v less degree, receive the impression of the v. dam. If she want size, or is defective in her formation it is a hundred to one if the j foal uoes not exhibit many or most or ner defects. Too slock, however, is reared, and "may it is thought, turn out a good horse ; and certainly we are sometimes agreeably surprised in the progress towards perfection which some badlike foals make ; but, in general we are disappointed. In the sele tion, therefore, of breeding stock, a fine sound eye, a pleasant counte. nance, with the organ of benevolence (as the phrenologists speak, fully developed in the breadth ofthe forehead, is not to be overlooked as an indication of mildness of disposition ; but the .previous history, ifknowu, is the best criteriun to found an opinion on. The most conspicuous degeneration is to be found io the strength and due propoition ofthe different paris ; the limbs ana body are not in harmony with each other, and in nlmnat nil there is want of strength. Let^ 1"""w """" """* "" " o size and strength, then'fore, be kept in view; but let ail have proportion. In the form of the body we have a strong index of the constitution! on the form of the chest depends in a great degree the bottom and durability of the race.horse ; it is the essential of his wind. The exterior of the chest, the ribs and their muscles, and the diaphragm, are the active agents in re. epiration ; the lungs themselves are passive. Upoo the mechanical formation, therefore, of the ribs, depends in a great degrco the powers of respiration ; they must be long and circular at the posterior part to form a large thorax. Unless the chest (thorax) be large and easily acted on by the muscles, when the animal is making great exertions, us the blood is then flowing through the lungs with a velocity increased according to the degree of exertion, it must either pass through in an impure state, and be sent to other parts of the system unfit to fulfill its proper office, thus allowing the body to become fatigued for want of due nourishment; or otherwise by the chest not being capable of sufficient enlargement to admit of the free flow of blood through the lun^s, the animal becomes almost choked, by the inability of the muscles to enlarge the chest sufficiently and is thus on the point of being suffocated; here lies the connection between the blood and the mechanical formation. A capacious che.$t is, therefore, essenti. ally necessary to enable the animal to continue any protracted and severe exertion.? But there is a form also necessary for speed, in order that every part may contribute to the same end, ivc find, in all well-formed animals for speed, that tho anterior of the chest is somewhat flattened on tho sides, in order that the anterior extremities may be allowed to approximate, which is indispensably necessary in rapid progression.?Without this arrangement there would be a constant changing of the centre of gravity during motion, and instead of moving in a smooth gallop or trot, the horse with a wide chest would be waddling like a duck. A natural elipsis should be presented ia the front view. On the other parts of the trunk 1 need offer few remarks. Of length we generally have enough, but the breadth is often scanty. The loins should be broad and muscular, in which case length is an advantage; the whole trunk should describe a sweeping natural outline formed by two gentle curves, the posterior being tho slightest, which is formed by the tail; unless we have the tail well up, it is rarely set, and animals with too low a set tail are never i J good gc^rs. Eat wo may see u weiMormcu trunL, and still find some important parts deficient; we may see a well-made body, with legs unfit to carry it. The legs and feet are the most important parts to be at, tended to in the whole machine. But it is these parts thnt are mosf frequently over looked in breeding. Thero is a nicety ol adjustment and accuracy of movement necessary in all tho limbs of the horse, which might apparently be dispensed with in some other animals. They oughi, in the first place to stand well, otherwise the motions j are either unsafe or awkward, and there is an unnatural strain on some part or other. The princ pal power of progression resides in the hinder extremities; but for safety, and the conveyance of the speed acquired by the propulsion of the hinder extremities, we must depend upon tho well-sloped, clean and muscular shoulder, the strong and lengthy arm, the powerful shank with firm tendons, the well-set fetlock, and sound foot; without these the progression is deficient and weak. The most common defects in the forma, tion of the fore-legs are, that either the toes turn too much out or too much in. If turned out, the foot comes in contact with tbe opposite leg, and bruises it; the pasterns are, at'thg aametime. r^nei-nHir too lung. iimtfSr -tng"iiie strain great upon the tendons, and rendering them lmht? tn ftlonneo *1 ? ? q ?- .? ??%# ?v wiQ^ua^ } inv action is almost invariably low, and theani. mals consequently unsafe; tho feet also, accommodating themselves to the position and form of tho limb, become very liable tc various diseases. If the toes be turned inwards, tho animal is awkward in his action, and is continually stumbling; he is also liable to splints und injuries of the fetlock. To insure accurate inoiion, the fore feet should stand, in a front view, parallel with the sides of the animal's body. The feet should be sound ; flat ones, with low heels, are to be carefully avoided. But even where the hoof looks sound, if groggyness exist, the animals are by no means des rable to breed from. For safety, pleasure, liberty of action, we look to the lore extremities; but for the power of action, our at ention must be principally directo i to the posterior extremities of the horse. I would not as some are inciined to do, deny that tho anterior extremities ure concerned in progression, for, if we cast our eye abroad upon the face of nature, we are at once struck with the won. derful accommodations to particular circumstances in individual cases. In one, the anterior extremities are almost entirely laid aside as useless ; wh le in others we And that they are the principal organs of motion ; but in others, again, more especially the horse, a combined and simultaneous action : is required. Wo find the kangaroo, on the one hand, hopping at an immense rate, upon its hind legs with the assistance of its tail, carrying us namis tn its poacnes, much are only used to support the head while feeding upon the ground : but we observe the cameleopard, on the contrary, raised with his fore legs to a height which enables him to nip the buds from the trees of ;he forest, his hind legs nearly as short in proportion as the lore ones of the kangaroo. But when the fore extremities are to be the organs of motion, they are in one case found bearing ?he eagle to the chambers of light, and in the other forming oars, by which the mon. sters of the ocean are enabled to plunge through the mazes of the fathomless deep. But although wc have seen that, in particular circumstances, either the anterior or posterior extremities may become the organs of motion, and that in the horse all are required, still we must recollect that for power and rapidi'y of motion we must have, in this animal well-formed hind legs. In connection with these, strength of loins and length of quarters are of the greatest import, ance ; but there is a variety in the form of the quartern which must be looked to in reference to the produce, because f>r gaL fo-ninrr n form r\f ihu niinrlf?r_ nnrl inrlpprl. " """ "* "<v """I ? ? 1 the whole leg, arc required, which differ from that best suited, or usually formed for trotting. For galloping, the lengthy hori. zontal or finely turned quarter, with lengthy thigh, are best adapted for speed; whHe for trotting there is a greater degree of sloping in the quarter, which is less pleasing to the eye than the galloping quarter, and a rotun J muscularity well observed in all fast trotters. In all, however, this muscularity indicates great strength and action, more especially it'ii is observed on viowing ilio miinrml from behind, that there is a fine arch, from haunch to haunch, over his quarters, and that there is such a swelling out of the muscles of hie thighs, that when measured across there would be a greater breadth than in his haunches. The limbs should thon gradually approximate each other, tapering with the diminution of the swell of the musctes ?fs they send off their tendons, until they reach the hocks. To this point the eye of the breeder must be scrupulously directed, because there is no point of more importance in regard to action, and none so liable to disease : the diseases, too, depending upon the formation of the part. Unless the hock is well formed, there cannot be durability * and if there is sometimes speed with a badly formed hock, it is never for a long run. Tire most common defect which at present exists is a liability to curbs, such being denominated curby hocks ; these are seen, on taking a side view, by the ' smalhiess of the log below the hock, by the great projection of the point of the hock, and by a bent-hke appearance at the lower part of it, with a greater or less tuberosity a! the back part; these hocks are also more liable to spavins and other diseases of th( hock joint. There is also an opposite form of hocit wlvch is too straight ;this is connected wit! j a great length of pastern, und is liable tc ' thorough-pin? sr. the hock, windfall* nw f\ sprains of the suspcnsary ligament at the fetlock?joirit. A weliformed hock viewed i from behind, should stand with the .toe of i the hoof, and the fetlock, in a line running : parallel with the body, or, if altered from i that direction, the toe should inclino a little i outwards. The tendon forming the ham, string should stand clear and free from the i back of the leg above the hock; and the I back part of the leg from the hock, viewed latterally, should descend from the point of i it to the fetlock in a straight line, or if other* I wise, rather scooped out below the point of ' the hock than in tho opposite form ; the ten* r dons should be clean and well marked, and I the shank equal in breadth at the hock and i fi'Mnrt.. and the broader the hptfnr. The limbs can scarcely be too short, if combined with the qualities we have men? ; tioned, but the shanks from the hock and I the knees to the ground should be selected . as short as possible: and that these parts , divided in duo proportion, the fet. "Toclr shouldstaritl with the rest of the limb I and ihe foot at an anglo of 45 degrees, in i which case it will be of a proper length andv . proportion. , In addition to these remarks, I have only i to add that in breeding, it appears to me, i that although good horses of any desenp. tion will alwayssell well and pay the breeder, I strength and ac'.ion are the strongest recomr mendations of every market, Sussex Agricultural Express. ; tiie mores multicauli3. ; To the editors of the National Intelligencer. Baltimore, April 11,1339. i Gentlemen : A letter appeared in the National Intelligencer of the Oth instant, headed "Letter to N. B. Stoddart," on the subject of the culture of silk in this country, which contains several statements deemed by me erroneous, and which I must ask permission to correct. The writer, ? T,. T.." nhh'cts in tho morus multicaulis ?first, because it was,4 imported from a climate so different from ours, which cannot 6land the win:er secondly, and " which, ' by the rapidity of its growth, shows the short ness of its life." To the first objection I have only to remark that the white mulberry itself is a native of China, and was imported into Italy and France from that countiy; so that the first objection to the multicaulis fail*; for, if the multicaulis was imported from a country so different from ours, so was the white mulberry. But, reasoning from ana. logy aside, I know, from eleven years'pos. session of the morus multicaulis, that it is equally as hardy and just as capable of standing the winter os any other mulberry wtimcrct, mien pmutva wpvii huiuiui o?f. uation and soil. I have had it eleven winters, and have not yet lost a single bud i from the effects of winter. A single trco was given to Dr. Hosac:\ by Dr. Pascalis, i in the spring of 1830 ; the latter gentleman planted it on his estate at Hyde Park, on the North river, on a high bluff200 feet above the level of the river, and exposed to the northern blasts. That tree remains there still, never having lost a limb or a bud by winter. And, let me here remark, that the J ?uhi?o ninlhurri' itsplf is not found north of i that locality, except in gardens, and not often j there. I could mention hu dreds of instnn. I . ces where tho morus multicaulis has stood the winter unharmed, besides these cases, but it is deemed unnecessary. The second objection," the rapidity of its growth shows the shortness of its life," is the greatest recommendation that can be given of the mulberry tree. It grows so rapidly that we can plant it this spring, and get a crop of silk from it this summer f Is i this on objection to an American ? Is not the speedy return of the proceeds of an investment the greatest recommendation that the investment of capital can have ? And j suppose the 'rees were all to die in ten years, (my old tree is now eleven years old, and no \ signs of dying yet,) the returns they will have made by the "rapidity of their growth" - will have more than paid for replanting i them. So that this second objection is dis| proved. M L. T." next says that " the drought of i some parts of Europe iujures them exceed' inglv." The fact is directly the reverso in i this country. During that most unparral. i lelcd drought of last summer, the morus : t multicaulis preserved its luxuriance more j i perfectly than any other tree, native or for> eign. Indeed, the old trees were entirely j i unaffected by if, and none but the very young ones suffered at all, and even those > not ns much as the majority of our native i trees. With us its large leaves are not j i more easily spoiled than those of the com- j monjwhite mulberry. "L. T." also asserts < , that the morus multicaulis leaves " contain a j ! less quantity of nourishing substances ; the j i worms fed with them are often subject to , i many distempers," &c. The whole of this sentence is directly opposed to the truth. , From the most careful experiments, it has been found that 80 pounds of morus multicaulis leaves contain as much nutritive mat. ter as 100 pounds of the best of other varieties ; that 80 pounds oft c morus multicaulis will produce as much silk as 100 pounds of ; the best of any other kind ; and that the j worms are just as healthy on one kiud as i the other, diseaso beincr caused exclusively ' by mismanagement in some form or other. 1 | Let me quote another sentence from this 5 j writer ; and that it may not escape the ati' tontion of the reader, let me make it the ! more conspicuous by placing it by itself pal I ragraphically. j I * Good God! have they not eagerly a) | dopted all the improvements lately introduc. j j j ted in the culture crsilk by Verri and Dan dolo ? Have tliey not lately preferred to < the common white mulberry with which their i ancestors used to feed the silk worms, the Alpine morns, which grows even in the < n st northern climates, and the morus mor 1 tttif or machrophylla, which can be equally I propagated both from seeds and from cut- ' tings V' I If the reader has done reading this ex- < 8 . ? r ... t -? ijuisr.e paragraph, 1 wui just remarK, tnut | tic people ot France and "hally have not adopted all the improvements of Verri and Dundolo, and that these improvements are ' only adopted in a very few large establish^ ments in either country, the mass of silk pulturists continuing in the old routine of their forefathers, in spite of Dandolo and nil others. They have not preferred the AL pine morus, forthey nevtrsaw it; it is an American production, raised, it is true, from fee seed of the variety of white mulberry billed the moretti; but it is American, both wtH and name, and never vrus seen ur " heard of in Europe. If particulars aro desired, here they are. The Alpine mulberry was raised from seed of the Moretti mulberry, by Mr. Whitmarsh, of Northampton, Massachusetts. Out of many thousand trees thus raised from the parcel of seed, and nu. merous varieties, he selected a few of the best, and named them The Aipine ; and this only two years ago. This name never was know in Europe until it was seen in American newspapers. Let me stop here to ask what can be thought of a writer who rnak^s such blunders. 4 L. T." also confounds the morus moretti and machrophylla, or considers these names as synonymous, which is another instance of his knowledge of the subject on which he writes. He aljo says the moretti equally propagates from seeds and cuttings. Now, 1 do know that the moreiti is very difficult to raise from cuttings, and that it cannot be raised from seed at all ! The moretti being i'self but a variety of the white, the produce from seed aro almost as var ious"as their numbers. I saw some thousand raised from seed last summer, and the varieties were loo numerous to count; the most of them were evidently the common white mulberry, and a few like what arc called the Alpine. I must conclude this by assuring "L. T." and A to Z, that the morus multicaulis will never be superseded in this country by eith. er " Alpine morus," morus moretti, macro*, pbylia, Dandolo, aiaia, Calnbrian. or any * other. It has been fully tried, and found superior to all other kinds in all the valuable requ'sites for the silk culture in this country. Respectfully, yours. --- mnroM ? Ml TFT PEACII TREES. Peaches arc propagated by budding.? The stock should be of plum, and the tree is to be planted ss young as circumstances will allow. The season is just when the leaves become yellow, or as early as possible in the spring. And now for the pruning and forming the tree. The practice is to plant the tree, and let it grow in its one way. The consequence is that it runs up to a long naked stem, with two or three naked limbs, having some weak little bought at the top. The tree should, in the first place, be budded very near to the ground. After it be planted, cut it down to within a foot and a balfof the ; ground and always cut sloping close to a bud. In this foot and a half, there will be many buds and they will the first summer send out many shoots. Now, when shoots begin to appear, rub thorn all ofTbut three. Leave the top one, and one on each sidet at a suitable distance lower down. These , will in time become limbs. The next year! top the upright shoot (that came out of the top bud.) again so as to bring other horizon. Lai limbs, pointing in a different direction from those that came out lust year. Thus! the tree will get a spread. After this you ! must keep down the aspiring shoots, and \ every winter cut out some of the weak wood, , that the tree may not be overbuidened with i wood. If in time the tree be gettingthin of ; bearing wood towards the trunk, cut some of the limbs back and then they will send out many shoots, and fill up the naked places. The lowest branch of the tree nnme nut nf flip trunk at Not mnrn i than nine or ten inches from the grouod. ! By this management, the tree is always in j astute of full bearing ; always young. ON THE PREPARATION AND EMPLOYMENT OF I ASPHALTUM. Translated fyr the N. Y. Observer from the St J Petersburg Northern Bee. Asphaltum has the appearance of hardened pirch, is of a black or dark gravel color ; j and .when broken, the fracture has a glussy ! appearance. It is hard, docs not melt in I water, b^t is easily melted by heat, and ' cools with equal rapidity. It consists of lime and bituman, and its production is easily explained by the solution of mineral coal by subterranean heat, during which the bituminous vapor3 arising from the coal are imbibed by a stratum of lime covering the coal, bed. As far back as 1825,1820, and 1827, in the 7th, and 9Ji numbers of a French Journal entitled " Memorialde Poficier duffcnicmilttaric" was described the employ. ment of asphaltum for covering the vaults of fortresses ; but in consequence of the lim. lied circulation of this Journal, which is published exclusively for a corps of military engineers, usphaltuni has but just begun to be employed in public works in France. The first experiment was made about five years ago, in Lyons, on the bridge Morun, across Th^ trnt?n;?*c v*>r0 cov sred with a layer of asphultum, procured lear Seyssel,in the Department of the Am, In Paris, for the fir3t experiment, a part of the trottoir upon the Port Royal, was laid withSeysse! asphaltum; after two years1 trial, this was scarcely worn at a!!, whilst or the surface of the surrounding stones, which had been laid at the same time, the traces of feet were very perceptible. Atler this experiment, a small part of the boulevards al Paris was laid with Sey3sel aspha turn; M. Pouloceau empl yed it for the trottoirs of the Carrousel bridge, In other parts ol France asphaltum has been employed alsc in the wny of experiment, for covering the roofs of houses as well as in several hydraulic works. Notwithsanding the complete success ol almost all these experiments, the expensive, nfisa of Sflvsstil aanhaltum has DreVented tin extension of its application to building, an its Mtf^Sttttioirnmrgenerat use." Leaving out of view the increase 6f price occasioned by the company which hns obtained tin privilege of exclusive proprietorship of the Seyssel asphaitum beds, its price will ah ways remain on account of the expense incurred in cutting it out, me.ting in order tc purify it, and in carriage. In Paris, Mr. Bnlliante substitutes artifi. cial asphaitum for natural, with great success. He bays up at a very low price the bituminous remnants from coal thrown oui of the retorts employed in preparing the car buretted hydiogen gas used for lighting th< streets ; to these he add? pitch, and melu the whole together in boilers, mixing it uj with earth reduced to a hoe powder, oiftet and dried, and at last pours it into forms ii which the composition cools and hardens.' In this simple manner a material is obtained which has the same qualities as natural as phaltum.* Tho bituminous matter must he melte< carefully, without allowing the fire to be come too powerful, as it very easily take fire. After it has been a sufficient tim melted, a considerable part ofthe oily matte evaporates, and the mass becomes thicket The degree of liquidity ought to be sue that it may be easily mixed up with the pul verized earth. This should be done wit great care, so as to make of it a complete! uniform mass, in which the unassisted ey should not be able to dis.inguiih the parti cles of earth. In imitations of natural asphaitum lim was at first mixed with the pitch ;but expei ience soon showed that any pulverised mi teial would answer tho purpose, only it mui be thoroughly dry and very finely powdei . -aA . -T\h*? pr.iprtrtif?n in yllip!l I* gtirmM I' added is not as yet positively determinci At present four parts (by weight) ofpowdei cd oarth nrc mixed with one of bituminou matter. The forms in o which the artifice asphaltum is poured may be varied at iriii For greater convenience of carriage, th size of the pieces does net exceed a cub! foot. The inner surface of the forms mus be of polished metal, that the asphuiuin may not adhere to it. M. Brilliante make use Offcast iron forms. Asphaltum possesses a quality inva!uabl< in the art of building; that of being perfect ly impenetrable to water. In warm weath er it is somewhat flexible, so thatu slight in equality of the surface on which it is laic does not prevent its durability ; but in col< weather it becomes brittle. 11 attaches itsel strongly to any dry, rongh surface, ond doei not allow water to pass through whero i has been joined together by heat. Artificial blocks may be made of asphal turn, and laid like blocks of stone or bricks but a preferable method of using it 19, t< j .ofit by its property of being easily melted and to pour itjout upon the spot, in one soli* mass, it is generally useless, and only oc< casions unnecessary expense to have it vcrj thick. Its ptroper use is evidently to cover th* surface of a pavement or building, when i is required to render them water-proof, o to give them a considerable as well as uni form power of resistance against friction. For this purpose it is sufficient to pou a thin layer from one to two inches in thick ness, over the surface of a building, of what ever material, earth, wood, stone, &c.', i may be composed, and in whatever positioi 'he surface to be covered may be placed, ft is only necessary it be dry and rough The usphaltum shoald at once be poure< over to the full thickness required, as ho asphakum will not attach itself to cold, au< it cannot therefore be poured over in sue, cessiirc layers. It is equally useless and unnecessarily ex pensive to make use of pure osphaltum ; i it is melted on the spot where i is wanted, and to one part of it are adde< three of dry, coarse-grained, hard sand which has been first passed through a seivc in order to cleanse it, and to obtain grain of uniform &iz2 ; it is then carefully mixei together, and this composition is used in tin work. For the sake ot brevity, howevei we will sometimes call it simply asptialtum I will now describe, as I witnessed it ii Paris, the way in which one of the boulevard was paved with natural and artificial asphal turn : the method in both cases was precise ly the same. One each side of the boulevard is laid oorJon of hewn stones ; the one towards th houses rather higher than the opposite one consequently the surface of the asphalturr extending in a straight liuo between then >fr. Lebianc, engineer of biidges and roa<3 at Lyuna, first discovered that with a mixtur of pitch the composition hardens very speedil} but without if always remains in ? soft condi is inclined towards the street, which allows . water to run off. After levelling the ground between tbese cordons, a hydraulic beton is spread over it and levelled ; the surface of ' this must be as much lower th&n the top of i th-* cordons as the thickness of the layer of ' asphaltum, viz. about an inch and a half.? i When the beton is thoroughly dry, it is time to commence pouring the asphaltum upon it. It may, however, be observed, that the > beton beneath the layer of asphaltum hat 7 been more of lately found to bo altogether ' superfluous. If the quality of the soil itself 1 be good, it is sufficient to spread over the place a layer of the same kind of earth, then to level, tread down, and smooth it with the f roller just before pouring over it the (petted asphaltum ; where the soil is soft,a layer > of clean sand will prove as durable a found! ation for the asphaltum as a betdn. > The wwftjrcririftliM 10 drt wesifitr, 1 because aapfialTum will 'not adhere to the 1 wet surface ; besides, any water remaining 1 under it, not being able to evaporate, wiH - freeze in cold weather, and consequently force up the layer of asphaltum. ' In cose of a sudden and brief shower, of rain, the work is stopped, and the surface ? prepared for the reception of the asphaltum * ? ' is covered over wi.h mats, which imbibe-a 5 phrt of the water. The work is not renewt ed until the surface upon which the aspbqi* r V ' turn is to be poured has become sufficiently 1 dry. 1 A moveable s'ove is employed in tl*? 5 work, made of sheet iron, 3 1.2 foot high, and 2 1-2 in diameter. The upper part 1 contains a boiler, which is used for melting ? the asphaltum, or for drying the coarse '? sand and gravel which is to be mixed with ft. Around the lower part of the stove are drawers (or boxes,) used also for drying 3 sand and gravel. After filling up the boilor with one part 8 of asphaltum and three parts of clean and perfectly dry coarse-grained sand, the mixr ture is stirred up thoroughly, until it becomes ' a uniform mass; it is then ladied out into h small buckets, and immediately carried to I* the place where it is wanted. The stove is h placed within ten fathoms Of the place y where tlie work is going on, that the asphalB tarn may not become cold on the way thitbi er. The number of stoves mwit of course . depend upon the extent of the work, and the 18 degree of activity with which it is carried r- on. The asphaltum is poured across the i- boulevard in stripes of 2 1-2 feet wide. An st iron rule is first placed perpendicularly 16 r- the cordons, its height being equal to the ' upper surface even With and touching the - edge of the cordon on each side. The as * phaitum ia then poll red from a bucket, be. d ginning from the upper cordon, in order that ' it may flow down the decliviiy. By meant 0 of a wooden shovel it is spread over the c whole width of the stripo, is levelled, and aided in its course downwards, or kept back, n in order that the thickness of the layer may 8 be nowhere less than that required. A t the tame time a hot iron is drawn along the 9 edge, in order to unite it with the adjoining * stripe already cooled. After this a very thin * layer of coarse dry sand or gravel is scatter. - ed upon the still soft surface, and irome* J diately pounded ro; this enters theosphal* turn, and form9 a firm crasf, preventing it f from melting by the heat of the sun, and * adhering to the feet of passengers. 1 The Asphaltum is poured out every two or three minutes, from buckets containing ' not above half a robic foot each. The tea. ? son of the smailn sas of the backets, as well > as tho narrowness of the successive Vripes * of asphaltum, is that one may have time to ' spread out and level it with a shovel be' fore it cools. f In some parts of the boulevard the artificial asphaltum has been forced upondeven ? split; this proceeded not from the bad ^an11 ity of the material, as some suppose, but r merely from the work having been cftrticd " on in wet weather. fc ^ ? / i r j The repairing 01 a layer u? aspiM^M ^ r a very simple affair; it is only necessary to ' break out the injured part, remeit it, and * pour it back again, uniting it with the aor- 1 rounding osp.iabum by means of a hot iron. D in England M. Cassel has taken out a jiflfpnt fnr th*? nf artificial asphaitum. In this patent his mode of employing itisde 1 scribed at length; but it is much mo re comj plicated, and not a whit better than the French, for which reason I spare my readi - ers the details of it. Some have tried to muke asphaitum from ' common far, and.with success; but k m 1 quires to be boiled for a long time in order J to expel a groat part of the oily particles, * and thus to obtain a consistent mass, which '? will harden at the usual temperature of the ? atmosphere. s Asphaitum may be also employed with ^ advantage in paving streets and cliaussies, e beingpoured in a layer over the broken '? stone employed in Macadamizing. a From thr> New York Obvserer. 8 THE DAGUEBEOTIPS. The following isnn extract from a private letter of Professor S. F. B. Morse to the ed* itor of the Observer, dated, Paris, March a 9ib. 0 " You have perhaps heardoftho pagoer?' rotipe, so called from the discoverer, ?. ' guerre. It is one of the most beautiful dis '? coveries cf the age. I don't kuow if you recollect some experiments of mine in New " - ? wh^n I had my ,* Haven, many yean ugi'i f% printing room next to Prof. SiUimun'g, ejc, i. periments to ascertain if it were to fix the imago of the Camera Obscttrrt* I frm Abb ' T. / A<