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**4. ' CHERAW O A Z ETT E.? ? / m. macle\n, editor & proprietor. CHERAW, S. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY 24, 1837. vol. n. nofii T. . PBTTEGREW, PRINTER. Published every Tuesday. TEBMS. If paid within throe months, - . - 3. 00 If paid within three months after the close ot the year, .. 3. 50 If paid within twelve months aftor the close of the year, - - * . . . . 4. 00 If not p*id within that time, . . . 5. 00 A company of ten persons-taking the paper at the same Post Office, shall lie entitled to it at $25, provided the names be forwarded together, accompanied by the money.- * No paper to he discontinued but at the option of the Editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisements inserted for 75 cents per square the first time, and 37$ for each subsequent insertion. -Persons sending in advertisements are request. *d to snecifv the number of times thev are to be inserted; otherwise they will be continued till ordered oat, end charged accordingly. ITTTho Postage most be paid on all communications sent by mail. BUBAL ECONOMY. contents of the southern agriculturist, for january, 1837. ( Part I.?Original Communications.? On Pise Buildings, by Bartholomew Carroll ; Successful Experiment of the sixacre system in Cotton-culture, by M Beau- j fort;" Three Experiments on the raising i of Corn, by M No Emigrant Entomol- < ogy.?The Grub Worm, by u D.;" Que- i xy on Salt as a manure for Cotton, by 'One i Interested with an Answer, by The < Editor; Experiments in growiug Irish t Potatoes, by The Editor. i Part II?Selections.?On Soils ; On j Agricultural Reading; Memoranda for | those who would improve in Husbandry; j On Beets; Rail Road across the Isthmus i ofDarien; Economical method olkeeping Horses, by Henry Sully, M. D.; Foreign Agriculture; On the Culture of Rye ; On the difference in tlie eflfcet of Dung up. on different Soils?and upon the same Land before and after it has been Limed, by William Dawson ; Short Hints on Ma. nures, and their comparative value ; Durability of Wood. Part III?Miscellaneous Intelligence,? Cochran's Many-chambered Non-recoiling Rifle ; To fatten Fowls or Chickens in four or five days ; To give lustre to Silver; Sir Walter Scott; An excellent and cheap way of manuring Corn; Beet Sugar; Removal of Fruit Trees ; Alum Mine discovered in New York; Suit made in New York; Spurious Mulberry Trees; New Silk Factory ; Sugar from Indian Corn ; To fatten Hogs ; A Lady clothed in American Silk; Mode of extinguishing Sparks in tlie chimneys of Steam engines; Bleeding nt the Nose ; Cure for Warts ; Wonderful Effecls of Culture. From the Southern Agricultural. j three experiments on the raising of | corn. i Mr.Editok,?In conformance with your 1 polite request, I furnish you with three ex- 1 pertinents, which I made last year in the < raising of corn. . < 1st Experiments?On a piece of land, ' well drained, though low, I ploughed up ' well, one acre for my experiment. This yas dooe sometime in February. About i the 10ih of April, I planted the land in corn, * after the following manner. About five j feet apart each way, or in squares of five ' feet, I made hills, under each of which I ( deposited one quart of cotton seed (black f seed cotton.) This gave me 1764 hills to J the acre, which, at tlie rate of one quart to ? each hill, took a small fraction over 55 ( bushels of cotton seed, to manure the en- ! tire acre. 1 During the season, I ploughed between 5 the hills, each way, with the cultivator; 1 oner when the corn was two weeks old. awl once when it was six -.reeks old. Besides this working, I hauled and hoed up to ' each hill, three times during the season, as 1 the corn needed it. I should have s'ated ; before this, that I left four stalks in each j bill. This gave me 6,05ft good stalks to the acre. I did not gather in this corn un- ' til the first week in November. As soon as I .gathered It in, I shelled it, in a corn- j shelter, which was handy, and measured off, ; as the produce of this acre, 52 bushels 3 quarts of as good flint com as I ever saw. The seed planted, was the common flint? not selected, except that the largest ears 1 were planted. I put fifteen or twenty seed in each hill, a practice I always follow, for the following reason : when the superabundant stalks or plants are pulled up, it loosens the earth about those which are left behind, lets in the air and sun to them, and greatly advances the growth of the young plant. 2d Experiment.?This experiment was as follows. An acre of land, adjoining Km fipot ovru>rimont urnc tripfl I LIJCU UU VTKMVH UIV ??o* iinvitb TVMW M ?vv.y was listed in rows of five feet apart; under the list, cotton seed was scattered, at the rate of 55 bushels to the acre. The listing was done early in March, aod, about the 10th of Af>ril, I made a bed upon the list, of the same size with beds usually made for corn. I planted the seed fifteen inches apart, on the bed, and left one stalk. I worked this corn the like number of times with the former, and gathered it in the same day. After shelling it out, it measured 46 bushels 5 quarts. 3d Experiment.?This experiment was on the same land with the two former, and was the same in all of its details, with the second experiment, except that, the seed was planted four feet apart on the bed, and two stalks were left to each hill. I gather, ed, shelled, and measured this corn, at the same time with the other, and its yield was only 39 bushels 15 quarts. The Blades.?The blades collected from the corn planted as above, stood as follows. The corn planted five feet square, with four stalks, yielded most blades. Next in yield, b came the corn planted fifteen inches, with I one stalk, and last of the three was the corn n plantwl two feet apart. Satisfied with my ii experiments, Mr. Editor, and a- indicative o of my sentiments, when I reflect upon what p we can do at home, by a little extra labor, s I remain and sign myself, b No Emigrant. f Georgia, Dec. 6, 1836. c - " * G m POPULAR SUPEBSTITIONS. tl There are few persons who will achwtel. s edge that they are superstitious; but there are c still less, who are not in some degree, under n tl>e influence of superstitious fears. There c is almost a universal apprehension of some. s thing supernatural. Those who laugh the & loudest at ghosts, and hobgoblins, will still I' quicken their pace, as tbey hear some unu. a sual sound when passing the graveyard at v the gloomy hour of midnight. The calm s and intellectual philosopher, wh^se -eason" q spurns all imaginary tYils, is .compelled at P > - L *J JlP is times 10 oc asnarnea 01 iiujmbji, ua nu tuius that imagination has the mastery over judg- M ment. The reason of the universal preva- 0 lence of those feelings is to be found in a ' great degree, in the impressions we receive S( in childhood. The tales of the nursery 'r awaken a belief, which the future judgment d may pronounce to be foolish, but the influsnce ot which, in a greater or less degree, M is felt through life. There is undoubtedly P much in the peculiarity of our present con- P Jition, to give the mind a strong tendency Je to apprehend supernatural events. The mys- J terious union of soul to body; the awful a phenomenon of death?the departure of 01 friends wc love, from present scenes, and ? their entrance upon a condition we know lot what, and into worlds we know not " where?the certain knowledge of spiritual ai existence unseen and unheard; all prepare P he mind to be easily excited by occur- Ci fences, apparently conflicting with acknow- tc edged laws. But it is generally in child- u] rood that we receive those impressions, hi which future years are unable to erase. j[] And jest any, from tlie selection of the * subject should anticipate a mirth making 111 Terformance, we forewarn our readers that SI t will not be our endeavor to amuse with ^ vitty speculations,but to interest with facts. th It is a fact, humiliating though it be, di hat there is hardly an individual in any in and who does not at times experience w momentary inconveniences from such feel- si ngs. And there arc great multitudes who w invc an undoubting confidence in the re- th ilitv of ghostly interference in mortal con- c? 3erns. - 111 Those who are not habituated to retlec- c? ion, often retain undiminished till a dying pi lour, a belief in those signs and omens oi vliich they were taught in childhood.? in riicy do not question the truth of those w deas, which have been instilled into the hi nind in earliest infancy, and which have w >een the motives to which parents have h< irst annealed, in imbecile efforts to eovern. cc I # CI Plow often is a child toW that unless lie m jeases crying, he shall be shut up in a dark bi doset, where the ghosts will come and get lo lim. And what an impression must such i threat produce upon the pliant mind, w iVith the unreflecting, superstition is con- H soquently strong. Their minds are not di ?ufliciently cultivated to throw off the load ei ivhich has been imposed upon them. The ? jctter informed, who are accustomed to w jxamine their feelings, and inquire into the M grounds of their belief, emancipate their ? udgmentrfrom these unreal fears, but are k generally through life in some degree un- c< ier the control of the strong predjudices, tl vtiich were early inculcated. The belief b in supernatural appearances is so general, " ind is productive of such evil conse- p [juences, that the subject deserves a so^cr a treatise. 0 1. We shall first allude to those appear- h tri/MMi irhiph ni*> iinnciinl. nnH which to the I uninformed seem supernatural, but which b ire capable of explanation from the known ? principles jof philosophy or natural science, u The fire balls, usually known by the name p of 4 Jack with the Lantern,' or 4 Will o' the s Wisp,' so often seen dancing over the d marsh, produce great terror and often se- f rious injury. Now here there is no de- 1] lusion. A person actually sees a light b where there is no human being who bears d it, and not being acquainted with the chetni- s cai principles of inflammable gases, & spon- n taneous combustion, he naturally concludes, a that it must be some apparition sent as a e warning to himself, or the village. Per- n haps in a lew days some accident occurs, p or some neighbor dies, and he feels with- tl out a doubt, that this luminous meteor was c sent as a monition. As it passes from v house to house, it is receiving constant ac- n cessions, and grows more marvellous and c more appalling, till every child is afraid to fi venture out of doors, alter nightfall. The ii man who is conversant with natural science, f beholds in this appearance no cause of t< fear, but an interesting natural phenome- c non. An inflammable gas oozes from the ground, and is set on fire by spontaneous tl combustion. A person who is acquainted v with gases, can take a tumbler and go to c the marsh and fill it with this gas, find rc. r turning to his house burn it there. But r how is it set on fire, down in the marsh, e where every thing is damp? It is well e known that barns are frequently burnt in It consequence of hay being put into them v before it has beeu sufficiently dried. The v damp hay inflames itself. In the same a manner this gas, which is so very com- a bustible, may be set on fire, and the inno- d cent flickering of its feeble flame, sends I dismay through an ignorant and superstitious village. ti Every boy is acquainted with lightwood,* and yet many a man has fled as though demons were in pursuit of him, because he has seen in some rotten stump the1 tJ right light which decoyed wood emits, lis terrified imagination, aided by the darkess of the night, transforms the stump j ito a giant with eyes of fire and tongue f flame, and remembering that the1 better art of courage is discretion,' he seeks afety in flight. YYThen he arrives at home reathless, and pale, and trembling, to satisy his affrighted hearers that he had good ause for his terror, he declares that the [iant called after him and pursued him, and bat he heard the loud clatter of the mooter's feet close behind him. The children reep off trembling to bed, and dream all ight of ghosts, and never forget the ocurrence till their dying hour. The poor tump remains in the field perfectly unconcious of the injury it has ^one. The ghf in this decayed wood is produced by substance called phosphorus. It is this > ?hich God has given to the firefly. This ubstance, cbymists can collect in large uartfitftV : ?'hc light which it coutS is so aldjtj^riv cannot be seen in the day, but s easdjf discernible in the night. A person* ith a stick of phosphorus once wrote up n the wall of another's bed-chamber, This night thou must die* When the peran entered his bed.chambcr the light of the imp prevented his observing the light of ic phosphorus; but as soon as the lamp 'as extinguished he beheld the warning ords glaring from the wall. But lie hapened to be acquainted with the nature of hosphorus, laughed heartily at the at;mpted deception, and quickly fell asleep, 'he experiment, however, was hazardous nd wicked, for an ignorant person, and ne of sensitive nerves, might have recciv. J an irrecoverable shock. The following account of a Case of nnecessary alarm is given by Scott. The gency of philosophical principles was emloyed in the deception. * At a certain old istlc, on the confines of Hungary, the lord whom it had belonged, had determined pon giving an entertainment, worthy of is own rank, and of the magnificence of ic antique mansion which he inhabited. lie guests of course, were numerous, and mong them was a veteran officer of husirs remarkable for his bravery. When ie arrangements for the nighl were made, lis officer was informed there would be fficulty in accommodating the company the castle, large as i: was, unless some one ould take the risk of sleeping in a room ipposed to be haunted ; and that as he as known to be above such prejudices, te apartment was in the first place propos- ; J for his occupation, as the person least; tidy to suffer a bad night's rest from this | iusc. The major thankfully accepted the j reference, and having shared the festivity f the evening, retired after midnight, hav.! ig denounced vengeance against any one ho should by any trick attempt to disturb j is repose. A threat which his habits , ould, it was supposed, render him sufsicntly ready to execute. Somewhat; ? I? .1 ?L - I intrary to tnc custom in mese cos?^, me ( lajor went to bed, having left his candle jrning, and laid his trusty pistols carefully aded upon his bedside, lie had not slept an hour, when he as awakened by a sotemn strain of music. | [e looked out. Three ladies fantastically j ressed in green, were seen at the lower id of the apartment, who sung a solemn jquiem. The major listened some time ith delight. At last he grew tired.? Ladies,' said he, "this is very well, but\ jmewhat monotonous; will you be so ind as to change the tune." The ladies antinucd singing. He expostulated, but ic music was not interrupted. The major cgan to grow angry. " Ladies," he said, I must consider this a trick, for the pur. ose of terrifying me, and as I regard it as n impertinence, I shall lake a rough mode1 stopping it." With that he began to andle his pistols. The ladies sung on. le then got seriously angry. " I will wait, ut five minutes," he said, 44 and then ftre without hesitation." The song was still i ninterrupted,?the five minutes were ex- : ircd. 44 I still give you leave, ladies," he aid, 44 while I count twenty." This pro- j uced as little effect as his former threats, j I? ,-~-l ? ? ?.?? tliwvi r?r?r?nrrl i nrr i It; WU1UOJ, ouc?mu unv^?owvw.^.ugff but on approaching the end of the num. er, and repeating more than once his etermination to fire?the last numbers, eventeen?eighteen?nineteen?were proounced with considerable pauses between, nd an assurance that the pistols were cock, d. The ladies sung on. As he pro. ounced the word twenty, he fired both istols against the musical damsels?but tie ladies sung on. The major was overome by the unexpected inefficacy of his iolence, and had an illness which lasted nore than three weeks. Tiie trick put up. in him, may shortly be described by the act, that the female choristers were placed i au adjoining room?and that he only j ired at their reflection, thrown forward in3 that in which he slept, by the effect of a oncave mirror.' Here the plain and well known laws of lie reflection of light, account for the irhole appearance. But, suppose the de-1 eption had never been explained, what eusoning could ever have satisfied the nan, that the room was not in reality hauntd. It would have been one of the most onclusive ghost stories, that ever was icard. Ilad he rose from the bed to inestigate, the ladies would merely have withdrawn from before the mirror, and the pparition would have vanished; and by gain resuming their place, as he laid [own,the vision would again have appeared efore him.?Scientific Tracts. 1 *Thc rotten wood, which in a state of moisure often exhibits phosphorescent light. POLITENESS* Sir Joshua Reynolds onco received from at> nobleman invitations to visit them on Sunday morning. The first, whom he waited upon, welcomed him with the most obsequious condescension, treated him with all the attention in the world, professed that he was so desirous of seeing him, that he had mentioned Sunday as tl?e time for his visit, supposing him to be too much enga. ged during the week, to spare time enough for the purpose, concluded his compliments by an eulogy on painting, and smiled him affectionately to the door. Sir Joshua left him, to call upon the other. That one received him with respectful civility, and behaved to him as he would have behaved to an equal in tlie peerage :?said nothing about Raphael nor Correggio, but conversed with oase about literature and men. This nobleman was the Earl of Chesterfield. Sir Joshua felt, that though the one had said tliat he respected him, the other had proved tbpi he did, and went away from this one glorified rather than from the first. Reader, there is wisdom in this onecdote. Mark, Ifetirn, and inwardly digest it: and let this b^the noral which you deduce,?that there is ^ist? jiion in company, hut that there are *. t no aisunciioiis.?ijuicv u/ j&iiquctic. CONVERSATION. The great business in company is convcrsation. It should be studied as an art. Style in conversation is as important, and as capable of cultivation as style in writing. The manner of saying things is what gives them their value. The most important requisite lor sue* needing here, is constant aod unfaltering attention. That which Churchill has noted as the greatest virtue on the stage, is also the most necessary in company,?to be "always attentive to the business of the scene." Your understanding should, like your person, be armed at all points. Never go into society with your mind en dishabille. It is fatal to success to be at all absent or distrait. The secret of conversation has been said to consist in building upon the remark oi your companion. Men or tne strongest minds; who have solitary habits and broken dispositions, rarely excel in sprightly colloquy, because they seize upon the thing itself?the subject abstractly,?instead of attending to the language of other speakers, and do not cultivate verbal pleasantries and refinements. He wno docs otherwise gains a reputation for quickness, and pleases by showing that he has regarded the observation of others. ^It is an error to suppose that conversation consists in talking. A more important thing is to listen discreetly. Mirabeau said, that to succeed in the world, it is necessary to submit to be taught many things which you understand, by persons who know nothing about* them. Flattery is the smooth est patli to success; and the most rctined and gratifying compliment you can pay, is to listen. "The wit of conversation consists more in finding it in others," says Brayere, "than in showing a great deal yourself: he who goes from your conversation pleased with himself and his own wit, is perfectly well pleased with you. Most men had rather pleaso than admire you, and seek less to be instructed,?nay, delighted,?than to be approved and applauded. The most delicate pleasure is to please another." It is certainly proper enough to convince others of your merits." But the,highest idea which you can give a man of your own penetration, is to be thoroughly impressed with his.?Ib. And when a man is mean and low-spirited enough to practice it, he often reaps his reward: but if his conscience is not seared as with a hot iron, he must always fed that his reward is the fruit of dishonesty.?Ed. Cher. Gaz. CHINESE EDICT AGAINST TIIE CHRISTIAN RELIGION. This edict, issued May 21, 1836, by I Lew. acting magistrate of the Nahae district, &c. in the name of the emperor, is prominently directed against Popery, but alludes to the circulation of books by Mr. GutzlafT on the Chinese coast. Whatever additional embarrassments to the diffusion of truth in China this edict may occasion, it surely promulgates far and wide the fact of the existence of the religion of Yazoo (Jesus,) and may excite in the minds of millions inquiry to know what uthis new doc. trine is" whereof the Emperor speaks. Of monies granted by the American Tract Society for China, $3,348 12 had been used previous to March 31,1836; 11 block-cutters and printers from China were at work at Singapore; Rev. Mr. Dyer, at Malacca, and M. Pauthier and others, in Paris, were and are still actively engaged in preparing Chinese metal movable type ; translations of a number of valuable publi cations in Chinese have been approved by the Committee of tiie American Tract-Society, and theer is access to tens of millions of Chinese beyond the boundaries of the " Celestial Empirein Siam ; among the Shans; at Singapore; on the islands ot the Indian Archipelago and other adjacent countries. With a view to meet the demand as now existing, the American Tract Society, of $35,000 proposed to be raised previous to April 15, for foreign and Pagan lands, have designated $4,000 for China, for Missionaries of different denominations, ! and including the preparation of metal I I The substance of the edict is as follows: u It is known from the records that the Portuguese have dwelt in the land teaching and practicing the religion of the Lord ol heaven, (Popery,) and they have privately printed volumes of their sacred books, from which they discourse to the people and dc. lude many; these spread the doctrines and practice, assume secret designations, and | the delusion reaches to the multitude : ol ! this there are certain proofs. The leaders after being tried and found guilty, cer.'ninK . fdiouM !>r> strangled. Those who secred\ disseminate this delusive doctrine, in num- 1 ber are not many ; those without any designation, after trial should l?e imprisoned t (before being strangled.) Those who have ( only, on hearing the doctrine, become dis- c ciples and do not know how to reform, t should be banished and delivered over to it the Pilikih officers, or to the Moosoolmen, c (Hwuy Hirny,) who are able to keep them il under, to be slaves. f " In the 59th year of Keenhing, the Por- r tuguesc Lomoiang clandestinely entered t< the country, and in conjunction with Kac. c kewsan Pihkinkwan, and others, taught and ' c disseminated the doctrine. In the 20th s year of Keaking, the Portuguese Lanyuew- g ang clandestinely entered the country, and a in conjunction with Ejoolan and others g taught the doctrine. Sooner or later the ti whole of them were seized, tried, and either strangled or expelled. Tlie rest of their h co-adju'ors in spreading the doctrine were C successively taken, and also tried and pun. t! ished acconJingtolaw. Since these very se- tl vere measures tin's teaching has gradually b ceased. ! n " But in the summer of last year an Iinglish foreign ship abruptly entered the wa- is tcrs oi all tne provinces, and distributed tor- i eign books. She was quickly driven away, ei These books advised men to worship and it believe in the religion of the Lord JESUS, lc (Yasoo,) which is, fronfinvestigation at the k several successive times, the same as the. b religion of the Lord of heaven. A great fi number of Portuguese dwell in Macao, e Deputed officers have already been hurried w to Macao, and they seized Keahacaou, who ft was hired to print the books ; and of foreign books they have seized 8 kinds, which I were forwarded to the foyuen to be exam, b ined and duly reported (to the emperor.) le He-(the foyuen) has proclaimed clearly to h the people of the land and bookseller's t( shops, that if they have received and keep 11 any foreign book of the religion of the fi Lord of heaven, half a year is allotted for a them to deliver in person, ('o the magis- tt trates,) which will prevent any investiga- o tion into their conduct; but if, after a search o is made it is found have received nnd re- w i .u .k?: -iw.il iw. lumru uiciji, uicir cimic siiuii |?u(ii9ircvi u with the utmost severity of the law. This o is on recordu The Portuguese religion of the Lord of m heaven (if it is allowed to) spread in the in- ft terior, is a custom or doctrine exceedingly s< injurious to the minds of men; the glori. tl ously splendid and lucid laws forbid (it.) tl The perfect and fixed code was early tl (formed) and has diffused i's bright light to d the present time, and is full of connected g and successive statutes i lite fate of the old chariot reflects as a mirror an abundant ex- v ample. v " * * r Tlic period limited for tlie delivery up (of (| the books) and escaping from punishment v for tlieir past crimes, is granted in sincerity p to the ignorant people who have been delu- u ded into crime; they are to be pitied. We e cannot bear to punish the uninstructed. We j, particularly enjoin you to renew yourselves jj and walk the straight path. a "After the publication of this proclaim- f, tion, if nil those who have received and re- n tained foreign books of the religion of the ? Lord of heaven, "or practiced and dissc- f minatcd that religion within the period of c half a year, deliver to the district officers n (their books) an J leave the religion, then j p their crimes will be forgiven. Now through n this not-ancient path of vice and stupifiea- {, tion those who try can retrace their steps ; c you should hasten to change your face and jj change your mind, and with the bitterest regret repent and reform. Do not on any ? account," halting between two opinions," o delay returning. But if you exceed the v n!l/\wivl r\o*?i/\rl fin/l arm in reoniva and retain I U1IU w WU |/V? I IUUJ UllU Mp? 1111 SVWVV'W ? . J| any foreign books, and do not deliver them e up, and persevere in practicing and spread- j, ing the religion?for those who act thus, an s examination shall be forthwith ordered ; 0 they shall be immediately seized and pun- *} islicd severely. , r 44 Now, how in this world below, on *\ which the splendid heaven sheds its trans- t forming and vivifying light and heat, can ( depraved discourses be permitted to flow ? f O ye fortunate people, you now live s happily in a stuie of peace and quietness ; * c you should adhere to the correct worship t and straight path, and reject and extirpate c depraved and corrupt doctrines, without cabals and combinations, without selfish s depravity. t 44 Follow the wa)*f of the ancient kings, f then you will be able to drink harmony and c cat virtue ; and you will all be the virtuous c people of an abundant and flourishing age. f We, the sze officers, indeed most assuredly l hope if. Do not oppose." Of the above edict, Mr. Gutzlaff says, j "The court has just now declared its firm , determination to persecute the Roman t 1 Catholics throughout the empire, the first ( edict of this kind since the accession of t Taou kwang fo the Throne. If this edict, | like all others, is to be a dead letter, and to , be placed on iecord,the law only demand- , ing a few victims to be satisfied, we have j to make no further remarks. But we ear- j i nestlv entreat the churches never to be j i startled when they hear of tierce proclama- , i tions. If we are earnest to promulgate the (" Gospel at all risks, God will advocate his own cause, and certainly prove victorious over all the machinations of the enemy." . madison's works. * A message was communicated to Con' gress by the President soon after the open- j 1 ing of the present session, embracing the fob ' j lowing letter from Mrs. Madi*op. No ac- ' tioij has, we believe, yet been had on the f subject by that body. . j Montpelier, Nov. 15, 1836. '! To ihr President of tin United States: Sir: The w:!l of mv husband. Jam"? Madison, contains the following provision : "Considering the peculiarity and magniude of the occasion which produced the Convention at Philadelphia, in 1787, tlie :haracters who composed i*, ihe Constiiuion which resulted from their deliberations, is effects during a triirf of so ninny years nthe prosperity of the People living under I, and the in crest it lias inspired among the riends of free government, it is not an un* casonablc inference that a careful and exinded report of the proceedings and diss ussions of that body, which were-with loscd doors, by a member who was contant in hts attendance, will be particularly ratifying to the People ofthe Uni ?dfB ates, nd to all who take an.interest in tlie prorcss of poli ical science tuid tlie cause of rue liberty." * This provision bears evidence of the value c set on his Report of the Debates in the Convention: and he has charged legacies on lein alone, to the amount of 8124)00, for le benefit of literary institu'ion* and for cnevolent purposes, leaving the residuary rti proceeds for the use of his widow. I" ? r>oruir nrri,*rtn !? Ilim find tvllicil it Itx U |/U|A^a will W U l/j MUiiy ?*??? ?? } proposed to annex as a#prelace o the )ebates, lie traces the formation of Conied. racies and of the Articles of Confederaioo. s defects which caused and tlie steps wiiioh *1 to the Convention, his reasons for tiing the debates, and tite manner in which e executed the rusk, and his opinion of the amors of thcCons i ution. From dde I xtract his description of the irtitfHMr in hich they wc?3 taken, as it guaraatieslhstr ilncss and accurncy. uIn pursuance of the task I had assumed, chose a seat in front of the presidirijf Hfiemer, with the other members on my tighten^ jft hands. In this favorable position Hor caring all ihnt passed, I noted IJown in jrms legible, ?tnd in abbreviations and larks iutelligible to myself, what was rend om the Chair, or spoken by the menitars; nd losing not a moment unneecssarily be. vcen tlm adjournment and roass^mbting f the Convention, I was enabled Kf write ut my daily notes dur ng the sess^sn^ or dthin a few finishing days afW its close, i the extent and form preserved* 4b my wn hand, on my m * *. "in the labor and correctness of thi* I 'as not a little aided by practice, and my imiJiantv with the style and the train of ofc. srvaton'and reasoning which chamcseriaed )c principal speakers. It liappeaod^Riib, lat I was not absent a single day, nor more ion the casual fraction of an hour in mm ay, so that 1 could not hare lost a single peecb, unless a Tory shorftne." . ? . 5 However prevailing the restraint wbksh ciled, during the life of Mh Madison, (Ms Dcord of the creation of our Constittnioi^ ?e grave which Ims clpscd over nil those /lm nnriainateil in its formation has se a rated their acts from all that is personal > him or to them. His anxiety ftr their arly publicity after this was removed, fnsy e inferred fit>ni his having them tfariMfi. cd and revised by himself; and, it may be dded, the known wishes of his tflcmfiiftus riend, Thomas Jellerson, and other distin. ;uishcd patriots, the hnportant ligbMhey , rould shed for present as well as future Bsfeillness, besides my desire to fulfil'the peuninry obliga ions imposed by his wifi, tir;od their appearance, without nwai iog the reparation of his other works ; and early neasures were accordingly adopted by me i ascertain from publishers in various par's f the Union the terms on which their pebcalion could 1x5 effected. It was also intended to publish with these )ebates those taken by him in the Congress fthe Confederation-in 1782, *8, and *7, of irhich he was then a member, and selections nade by himself, and prepared under his ye, from his letters narrating the proceedigs of that body during the period* of tfis ervice in it, prefixing the Debates hi I7f9 n the Declaration of loftepeiidencfeC bv fhomns .feffereon, so as to cinhody nTTdkj armorials In that shape known tottdir. This eVposc of the situation of the cbuhtfry iruler the Confederation, ami the defeat#'of he old system oftJovernmenf evidenced in he proceedings under it, seem ucli preceding information a* should ac:ompnny the Debates on the foHjwrtfoh"of hc'Constfcfction by which it wtirsfcMfeheied. \ The proposals which hive been ro6ef#d, ;o far from corresponding with^ie exfjeetaions of Mr. Madison when he clifcrgfedftte irst of the works with those legacies, fme tvidcncc that their publication chuld not be mgaged in by me, without advances'of unds, and involving of risks which J am jot in a situatirai to make or incur. Under these circumit&Rces^i Imve been oduccd to submit for yonr consideration tU nnkliMfMn nf (ItPM DifhatM-be W II\/1UV1 HIV |fHVHVUiivw w? _ _ _ i matter of sufficient interest to the People )f the United States to deserve to be brought o the notice of Congress. Ami sbonkfsucii ix; the estimation of the utility of these works by the Representatives of the nation is to induce them to relieve Die individually from the obstacles which impede it, their [jeneral circulation will be ensured, and the People be remunerated by its rtktre eeono. mical distribution among thern. With high respect and consideration, D. P. MADISON, ' t' Extract of a circular addressed by R. M. Whitney, agent of fa deposits Banks, to these Banks. t j The services to the Government, and the facilities rendered the communi y, which I have already detailed, furnish strong grounds for such chum on the part of, those banks which have |>crformed them; but there are titers which apply to nearly all?such as the aid given in carrying out tlie views of the Administration in supplying a metallic currency under the acts of Congress, and in rw?My ins ances, in r?di!irjtiishi?\tr a tA/ - * ' A