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t ? MJ' m ? CHERAW GAZETTE. < ~f M. MACLEAN EDITOR & PROPRIETOR. CIIERAW, S. C., TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 1836. V0L-1 V03a- ^ Published evefy Tuesday. TERMS* If paid within three months, - . - 3. 00 c If paid withinthrce months after the close r of the year, - -- 3. 50 r If not paid within that time, - ... 1. 00 A company of six persons taking the paper at the same Post Office, shall be entitled to it at $15, tl paid in advance, and a company of ten persons a at $20; provided the names be forwarded togeth- M er, accompanied by the money. , ' ' ? No paper to be discontinued but at the option , of the Editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisements inserted for 75 cents per square cs the first time, and 87$ for each subsequent inser- \y ion. ul Persons sending in advertisements are request- j ed to specify the number of times they are to be inserted; otherwise they will be continued till ^ . ordered out, and charged accordingly. th (CTThe Postage must be paid on all commu- *ti nications sent by mail. n] RURAL ECONOMY. From tho Cultivator. I): ot MANURING tu Wnc held in such hiffh estimation by the <2V Romans, that immortality was given to Stu- w. entius for the invention. They collected it ta from every source which had been thought o t 0f "by the modems, vegetable, animal and mine, jj ral, territorial, aquatic and marine. Animal cr dung was divided into three kinds, that which is produced by birds, by men, and cattle.? i jjf, Pigeon dung was prctercd to all, and next t0 humau ordure and urine. Pegeon dung Cr was applied as a top-dressing; and human C(j dung mixed with the cleanings of the villia, and with urne, was applied to the roots of the vine and olive. Dunghills were directcd to be placed near the villa, their bottoms cd hollowed out to retain the moisture, and their cd sides and tops defended from the sun by j ex twigs and leaves.?Enc. of Ag. p. 25.? , w< Good farmers know how to prize and to G* economise the food for their animals?they save even the crumbs?but few, very few DI are equally careful of the food of vegetables, which are to feed and fatten their animals. . What an astonishing quantity of the latter > is disregarded or wasted upon our best managed farms. Every substance which has formed a part of vegetables. The urne of e animals, which with us all runs to waste; the ?u dung of fowls, which we generally disre- 0 gard; all vegetable and animal matter J'1",' which taint the atmosphere ; the filth about .u our dwellings, the refuse and slops of our ,a kitchens, which are seldom husbanded; and |P' the ashes from our hearths, all afFord match- ]i als upon which pfants live,grow and multiply ?J' their increase. Not a Darticle of vegetable ?,'! or animal matter is destructible. It may " die wither and rot?it may be reduced to a in, fluid, nay, a gaseous state?and become in. sa vidkle to the eye?and yet it is not lost, not ?u destroyed, however often it may change its . form. These elements control led by natu- i rallaws, will again unite, assume an organic a form, and become again parts of vegetables ^ c and animals. Truly "all flesh is but ,rc )> he grass. . . ? tii PRESERVING WHEAT FROM SMUT. The French chemists have multiplied experiments to preserve wheat from the dis- [', :?-> a ?*< case wtucn is lnaiscnmuiuiciy uam^u ^ smut, &c. This is well ascertained to proceed from microscopic grains, or atoms of bluck dust, which germinate, reproduce themselves, and take possession of the car. . J In the Bbiliothiquc Physico-Economiquc, 111 liming, by immersion, is said to be the only m preventive, warranted by science, and sane- ^ tioned by experience. The directions given ,u for this operation enjoin, that in order to do- 1 stroy this germ in 4 1-2 bushels of wheat 111 six or seven gallons of water must be employ- ex ed according to the greater or less dryness of the grain, and from 2 lbs. 3 oz." to 2 lbs. , 10 oz. of quick lime, according as its quali- tl1 ty is more or less active, or to the greater or less degree of smut in the corn. Bale a t0 part of the water, and slake the lime with it &1 after which add the remainder of the water. 01 The beat of the whole of the liquid ought to be such as that we cqp with difficulty bear cr the hand in it. Then gently pour the lime di water upon the grain placed in a tub, stirring & i* nritKnut ooncinnr nt first with a flat Stick th IV VTIMIVVIV VVWW?M^< and afterwards with a shovel. The liquor sc should atTirst be three or four fingers breadth <1* over.the level of the wheat. Leave the & grain to soke twenty-four hours, turning it ai five or six tiroes, when it may be sown. th Grain limed by immersion, does not in- ^ Commode the sower, like that which is limed ^ in the ordinary way. It adheres like a var- , nish to the surface of the grain; its germin- S1 ation is quicker, and, as it carries with it c< moisture enough to aevclopc the embryo, ^ the wheat will not suffer for want of rain; c< insects will not attack it as they cannot bear the acrid tast of lime.?See Rep. of Arts, r. 34.?The utility of lime in preventing ? smut is well known to many of our farmers; J; but the mode of doing it by immersion, according to the above directions, has manifest advantages over the common mode of ^ using it in a dry state. e. tJ GRAPE DIET. a The physicians of Geneva send some of v their patients to the Pays de Vaud, during e vintage, to take what is called a regular a course of grapes?that is, to subsist three ^ weeks entirely on this fruit, without taking s any other food or drink. In a few days a grape diet becomes agreeable and weak p persons, and the insane, have found great r relief from subsisting on it fbr three or four c weeks?BakewdVs Travels, v. 11, p. 206. i We can add our>own authority in conSr- c mation of the aridity of a grape diet. We \ have twice made our almost entire food, from ten to fourteen days each time, when confined with a billious fever. We ate them 1 without stint?they were at no time ungrate- I ful to the stomach, and we are satisfied they 1 did us much good. Reader, have you plan- < tod a grape vine ? Ifnot, do it the coming month. y * L THE EARTHS NOT FOOD FOR PLANTS. Giobert mixed together lime, clay, sand md magnesia, the true earths, in such proportions as arc generally to be met with in ertile soils, and moistioned them with wacr. Several different grains were then brown into this artificial soil, which germinted indeed, but did not thrive, and perished ,-hen the nourishment of the cotyledons? jc lobes of the seeds?was exhausted.-Sec :nc. of Gard. 201. Ilence it is neither arths, nor water, nor air, nor all combined bich afford the true food of plants?though 1 arc essential agents in preparing and aborating this food. It is vegetable and limal matters?-dung?filthy dung?fily?that feeds and fattens the plants that iminisler to the wants and comforts of an and beast. a good son., According to Bergman, contains four irts of clay, three of sand, two ofcalcareis earth, and one of magnesia, and quan. m sujficit of vegetable matter. In 400 ains of good soil, Foureroy found 52 of iter sand 240, vegetable fibre 5, vegetable extract 3, clay 48, magnesia 2, oxide iron 14, calcareous earth 30 ; loss 6.? oudon, p. 200. The ability, in the farm, to analyse his soils, would not only serve discover their defects, but would enable rn often to correct them, at little cost, and apply to them, with more certainty, the ops to which they are most suitably adaptTDiBtflt. The best timber is that which is seasonbefore it is cut down. If a tree be barkthc year before it is cut down, the sap is polled, and the alburnum is converted into ?i .i - rr\. jou in mo course 01 mu \ cui.?vj ird. p. 174. PORTANCE OF SALT TO CATTLE AND SHEET. Salt, as a condiment is as grateful and as nelicial to domestic animals as it is to man. serves the same purposes to both. We 11 readily determine, that it promote our alth and comfort best when taken with r daily food. Then why not equally so the cattle of our farms ? If may be ap. diended. that if ncrmitted. the latter will io it iu excess. This is not so. If they ve constant access to salt, domestic anials will take no more than is required by eir natural wants. But if given to them ' ly at long intervals, they will then, if portunity presents, indulge in it to excess. e have had salt troughs under the sheds our yards lor a dozen years, in which It has been constantly kept and to which r cattle have had daily access : and they ve not only not taken it in excess, but they ve been wholly exempt from disease; and ' hough they have bc^n Ic 1 three months in a ar with ruta baga, and pastured often in :sh rank clover, they have in no case been ivcn, nor has their milk or butter been inted with the flavor of the tt r.iip. i-nifc f?rrr> ? fltitv linnn enlf in I ...~ WW,. ... rcat Brittain, was so high as almost to cciude its use for farm stock. Petitions :rc sent to parliament, for a repeal of these ities so far as they affected agriculture. The mmittce to whom the subject was referred lied before them many eminent farmers id others, to testify- as to matters involved the inquiry. The evidence was v dubious and conclusive, not only that the duty counted almost to a prohibition of its use r cattle, and for the poor, but that where is privation had been felt, diseases had ultiplied, to man and beast to an alarming tent. We refer to the London Reperloof Arts, vols. 34 and 35 for particulars* i the mean time we give an abstract of c evidence of two of the witnesses, so far as gards the benefits of the daily use of salt animals, well known as men of distinlished eminence, and of extensive practiil agricultural knowledge. J. C. Curwin, M. P. states, among othadvantages of giving salt to his animals, lily, that it removed the unpleasant flavor ? - ?:n. _* r, i :?i. * : uni uie inuiv 01 tuwb jeu >\uu iurwps>, at it greatly lessened inflammatory diases?promoted digestion?increased the jantity ofmilk, and disposed the animal to tten. That it improved the general health id spirits of horses, rendered the gloss of eir coats remarkably fine, and, given at e rate of 8 to 12 ounces per day, render1 fit for service some which had become sablcd by a disorder called the grease. That ven to sheep, in the quantity of two ounjs per day, it preserves their health, renders iem sound, and sensibly improves their Dndition. Lord Somcrvilte, considers salt ali imporint to sheep. Without it even on dry soils, is flock became sickly, and lie lost many, rivimr it twice a week, thev were healthv. w ? * ? alt preserves hay, and restores it when amaged. In the humid climate of Great Iritain, his lordship feeds a ton of salt to very thousand sheep annually. It is par. cularly serviceable with green food, clover nd turnips, and prevents and cures the ho. en, which is pent-up wind, occasioned by xcess of fermentation in the stomach. In , wet season he did not lose a sheep, alhough fed with turnips, and he considered alt as a specific against disease. He genrally gives it with hay, about twenty-five >ounds being sifted on to every ton. These facts are of high authority, and of leep interest to the cattle and sheep farmer, ind of general application. The low price )f salt among us will enable every farmer to profit by them.?Cultivator, Gapes in Chickens.?One of our subscrit>ers informs us, that a drop ot the spirits of turpentine, put into the mouth of a chicken from the point of a feather or otherwise, will cure the gapes in chickens. Another says that mixing salt with their food will prevent their taking gapes.?Ohio Farmer. From tho Columbia Tolescope. *louisville, cincinnati, and charleston rail road. The act incorporating a company lor the construction of a Rail Road, from Charleston to Cincinnati and Louisville on the Ohio River, having become a law in the States of North and South Carolina1, Tennessee and Kentucky, the Commissioners appointed by the Legislature of this State to cause the necessary surveys to be made, met in Columbia on Friday last, the 25th inst. Tlvc following named gentlemen compose this com- ; mission, all of whom were present. i Gen. HAYNE, Chairman. Col. BLANDING, * Gen. THOS. F. JONES, i Hon. P. NOBLE, Dr. THOS. SMITH, i ^ CHAS, EDMONDSTOX, Esq. * 1 The Board adjourned on Saturday, after |; making all the preliminary arrangements ] lor entering immediately upon the necessa- f ry explorations aud surveys. 1 Col. James Gadsden was unanimously t appointed Chief Engineer; and with the as- j sistance of the following officers, (who have < been ordered on this duty bv the Secretary j of War) it is expected will enter immediate- ( ly upon the exploration of all the passes \ through the mountains, viz: ? Capt. Williams, t Lieut. Dravton, j Lieut. Wiiite, oftbc U. S. Army, Mr. Featherstonehaugh, a Civil En a.\ : _ /-i A. gmuur in me service 01 me viOTcrnmciu?an of them advantageously known to the public. In addition to these officers, it is under- c stood that efforts will be made by the Board to obtain the service of Col. Brisbane, now c in command of a Regiment in Florida, and j Capt. IIuger, and Lieut. Colcock, of the army?officers whose zeal and abilities e mincntly qualify them for the work. Gen. I Iayne, as Chairman of the Board, c and as agent of the State under the appoint- v ment of the Governor, will, we .are informed, c have the general superintendence of the o- L pcrations, during the recess of the Board, c and for that purpose, will consult and ar- i range with the Engineers the course of pro-, c ceeding. ti In the appointment of Col. Gadsden to s the important office of Chief Engineer, f there is every reason to believe that a gentleman has been selected whose distinguish- s ed talents and hiffh character will command T public confidence in an eminent degree. v This gentleman (who is well known through- t out the Western States) is a nalive of S. ? Carolina, and a grandson of the venerable c (Jen. Gadsden, of revolutionary memory, v He was for many years an officer in the t corps of U. S. Engineers. lie was present t in that capacity during the New-Orleans c campaign, and served also as an Aid de \ Camp to Gen. Jackson. He was greatly i distinguished for his gallantry and military v talents, as well as his skill as an engineer, and was honorably mentioned in the official t reports of his commander. So highly were his talents and character estimated by the j. G overnmcnt, that on the resignation of Gen. Bernard he was appointed to succeed him as Chief Engineer and head of the Bureau < in Washington, charged with the supcrin- * tendance of all the scientific surveys made under the orders of the War Department; , which station he filled until the new organi- ^ zation, by which that office was abolished. Col. Gadsden was also at the head of the t Board employed by the Charleston and Columbia committees in November and Dc. J comber last to explore the passages through . the Allegany- and Cumberland mountains; on which subject he made, in conjunction , with his colleagues, (Col. Brisbane and Mr. Holmes) a Report, which we understand gives ample testimony of his scientific attainments, sound judgment, and practical knowledge. The valuable information j which it affords will be of great service in ^ making the surveys now to be commenced. On the whole, it is believed that a gentle, man better qualified for the office could not have been obtained in the United States, and we trust that his valuable services may be secured to his native State. Prior to the adjournment of the Board, 1 Col. Blanding laid before them a mass of 1 valuable information 01. the subject of the' ] nroDosed Rail Road, csncciallv in connec- 1 I." *1. I , ' 1 - . I . tion with the resources of the extensive re- ? gion with which it will open communication * ?which was deemed by the Board of such 1 importance as to induce them to request that 1 lie would prepare a Report on those sub- 1 jects, to be published for general informa- ^ tion. This document will not only be valuable for its statistical information but will 1 also embrace, a satisfactory explanation of 1 the various amendments which were made 1 to the Charter by the Legislature of Ken- 1 tucky, most of which, in the opinion of Col. 1 Blanding will tend to promote the progress ] of the work, and extend its usefulness. address. The undersigned, in obedience to the direction of tlie Commissioners, would invite the attention of his fellow citizens to the subject of the Rail Road Convention, which is to be held at Knoxville, in the State of Tennessee, on the 4th of july next. The object of that Convention is, to bring together, by their Delegates, the people of all the States directly interested in the proposed Rail Road, which is to extend from Charleston to the- Ohio River. It is very desirable that South Carolina should be fully and ably represented in that Convention. No State can have a deeper interest in the proposed Road. It is now certain that Ohio, Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Georgia, will send to that Convention many of their ablest men, deeply interested in the This is the amended title adopted by the legislature of Kentucky. tjjieut, Reid ha9 einco been added. success of the work; and it is expected, that o the measures to be there adopted, will exert b a controlling influence upon the undertak- d ing. In order that these measures should a be conceived in \visdoU), and be guided by ti a spirit of conciliation and harmony?it is s< of the last importance, that ample informa- s tion should be spread before the Convention, tl in relation to the resources and character of b the whole country, through which the pro- C posed Road may pass. * With these views o the citizens of South Carolina are earnestly, u requested to assemble in their respective jd~ tl dicial districts, and appoint Delegates to the tl Knoxville Convention. The magnitude and hi importance of the proposed, work, not only a! to our own State, but to our whole country, la will of course suggest to every patriotic ci- o: '17.PH tllf> illirh rlnfv n(*i:iiftl>pinnr nr> fi./.linirc ill ?V?ui V'* ouuvt Ul^ t?V/ 4V.V^I*tl^O vt | ocal interests or-sectional jealousies, to find i p< x place in the measures to be adopted, in re- d< ation to this noble-enterprise. Let Deljfc ti< [jates be selected from among those best in- rc brmed on the subject of the productions, p: he cost of labor and materials, and other ol facilities for the construction oftherpropos- fr 2d Road and let them carry w\th them am- di pie information on all of these points, charg- tli 2d only by those they represent, to use their ti< best etforts to promote the grand object, the tli success of which will bean enduring inon- ai nnentof the wisdom and patriotism of our a; )Cople. b; ROBERT V. IIAVNE, fl' Chairman, #c. m Columbia. S. C. ~*th March, lHSb. ta fr | si XNTRAL RAIL ROAD IN NORTH CAROLINA. II] A convention of delegates from several i ^ :ountles of N. Carolina met in Trenton, j al ones county on the 15th instant,and adopted j ei be following among other Resolutions. . Resolved, That whilst we are the advo^ j te :ates of any system oflnternal Improvement dj vhich will promote the interest and welfare 0j if any portion ofNorth Carolina, wc cannot al mt regret the want of unanimity among our ai :itizens upon such a system as will build a] ip a market within our own State, devclope 0j iur own resources, and secure to ourselves ? lie auvaniages which nur cmuuic, sua uuu ^ caport towns, are so well calculated to af- 0| brd. ; . a, Resolved, That we believe that the con- gl tructionof a Rail Road from the pai t of ll 3eaufort, through Trenton, and thence west- ti< vard, would not-only promote the prosperi- it y of North Carolina by staying the tide of t'r (migration and increasing the wealth of her :itizens, but in a political point of view, c1 vould be the means of making us a conten- ^ ed, united and happy people, and of giving j tc j -1.1 .. _1 ] i O OUl* goou uiu oiuic, a uiiarauiui auu >uui- q ling, co-equal with that of her sister States ! p vhich her want of Internal Improvements a ind consequent dependence, have so long a infortuuately de])rivcd her of. tc Resolved, As the sense of this Convcn- si ion, that we will use all honorable means to h >romotc the construction of this Rail Road j d< ind in furtherance of that object, that a Coin- si nittee be appointed by theChair to draft aMe- h norial to the next General Assembly of this g State setting forth the great necessity, utility S ind advantages of this Rail Road, and pray- h ng the General Assembly, for an appropri- o ition in money to carry the same into oper- ! tl ition. ' tl: Resolved, That our Representatives in ti lie next General Assembly bo instructed to ifl irocure the passage of an act of incorpora- D ion for said Rail Road, to present tlie said s: Memorial to the said General Assembly, 0l ind to use all honorable means to obtain an <> ippropriation as aforesaid. g Resolved, Tliatour sister counties thro'- S1 )Ut the State, be respectfully solicited to co- tl >pcrate with us, in this great and important tl mdertaking, and that copies of these rcso-1 rj utious be sent to thfe Chairman of even bounty Court in the State. ! ft ' isl P Washington, March 6th, 1936. J u i Gentlemen:?I have the honor to ac-: It uiowledge the receipt of your letter apprising j h ne of the deep anxiety which is felt by a j ti portion of your fellow citizens, as to >ny v r'iews upon- a topic vitally affecting their! b mwiediate welfare and happiness, and ofJ o he importance of their being possessed of a t thorough knowledge ofthem ; and asking p nc to say whether I do or do not believe e ;hat Congress has the Constitutional power tl :o interfere with or abolish slavery in the tl i.:_ 1 tl Lusinci 01 e/Oiumuiu : , v. I am not only willing but desirous, gentle- p men, that you should have the most A thorough knowledge of my views and feelings upon the delicate and interesting c subject with which your question is con- p nected; and I shall endeavor to acquaint g you with them in the fullest manner in my r; power. # j tl Not having, heretofore, had the honor of i ft being in political communication with you, | tl I am not advised whether the sentiments 11< relating to it, which have been avowed by j p myself and by my authority, within the last; k two years, have come to your knowledge. ! tl I deem it therefore proper, to furnish you I with the substance of them before I reply to tl your more specific inquiry. The avowals f to which I refer, were? ; J * A Kor nn , I ist. -an opinion uuu i/uu^itoo uuo uu r right to interfere in any manner, or to any t extent with the subject of slavery in the t States. t 2d. Against the propriety of their doing < so in the District of Columbia; and t 3rdly. The statement of my full concur- t rcnce in the sentiments expressed by the t citizens of Albany, in public meeting, the 1 most important of whieh are as follows, ] viz: "That the Constitution of the United s States carries with it an adjustment of all I questions involved i? the deliberations which < led to it? adoption, and that the compromise t 'itiuTt" A *"> > - JH f interests in which it was founded, is inding in honor and good faith, inependently of the force of agreement, on 11 who live under its protection and parcipate in the benefits of which it is the ource"?" That the relation of master and lave is a matter exclusively belonging to ie people of each State within its own oundary, and that any attempt by the lovernmeut or people of any other State, r by the General Government, to interfere ith or disturb it, would violate the spirit of lat compromise which lies at the basis of ie federal compact"?"That we can only ope to maintain the Union of the States by bstaining from all interference with the lws, domestic policy and peculiar interests f every other State"?"That all such 1 tterference, which tends to alienate one i ortion of our cpuntrvnjen from the rest, 1 ^serves to be frowned upon with indignaon by all who cherish the principles of our 1 wclutiouary fathers, and who desire to reserve the Constitution by the exercise f that spirit of amity, which animated its onvftva" u tki.ir tho pnn. i i UlUWiJ A i'Ul IIJV^ UCVVUiWU HIV VVUnet of those who are attempting to coerce icir brethren in other States into the aboliDn of slaven*, by appeals to the fears of ? ic master, and to the passions of the slave; [id that they could not but consider them 1 3 disturbers of the public peace, and would, y all constitutional means, exert their inuence to arrest the progress of such 1 ensures"?" That whilst they would mainiin inviolate the liberty of speech, and the eedom of the press, they consider discusons, which, from their nature, tend to I iflame the public mind and put in jeopardy j ic lives and property of their fellow-citizens, 1 : war with every rule of moral duty, and .cry suggestion of humanity, and would 1 2 constrained, moreover, to regard those, ho with a full knowledge of their pernicious < ndencv, persist in carrying them, on, as 1 sloyal to the Union"?" That the people i " the South would do great injustice if they low themselves to believe, that the few who 1 re interfering with the question of slavery, *e acting in accordance with the sentiments 1 f the North upon the subjectand finally, 1 That they made these declarations to 1'iii" Sfiiitlwirn ItrAtKmn in tfio cfimA enirit I IVll K/VUHIVI AA Lfl ViliiV/ii *41 411V VVM11V wf - ? f amity which bound together their fathers id ours, during a long and eventful stoig. 1 le for independence, and that they dia, in i ill remembrance of that common associa- < on, plight to them their faitli to maintain ' i practice, as far as lies in their power, what i icy had thus solemnly declared." These views, thus expressed and santioned by myself appear' to me to cover le whole ground, save the abstract question ) which you have been pleased to call my ttention, and I cheerfully embrace the opnrtimitv vnn hnvfi felt it vnnV dutv to ffurd me, to explain myself fully on that Iso. As anxious.as you can possibly be, > arrest all agitation upon this disturbing nbjcct, I have considered the question you avo propounded to me, with a sincere esire to arrive at tlic conclusion, that the ibject, in respect to the district of Comibia, can be safely placed on the same round on which it stands in regard to the tatcs, viz. the want of constitutional power ' i Cougrcss to interfere in the matter. I we it, however, to candour, to say to you, lat I have not been able to satisfy myself iat the grant to Congress, in the Constitu- ' on, of the power of " exclusive legislation, ' i all cases whatsoever" over the Federal ?i strict does not confer on that body the lme authority over the subject that would therwise have been possessed by the States f Maryland and Virginia; or that Con. ress mijrhtuot, in virtue thereof, take such &ps upon the subject in this District, as lose States might themselves take within icir own limits, and consistently with their ghts of sovereignty. Thus viewing the matter, I would not, om the lights now before me, feel myself afe in pronouncing that Congress does not ossess the power of Interfering with or bolishing slavery in the District of Coimbia. But, whilst such arc my present npressions upon the abstract question of le legal power of Congress?impressions ?hich I shall at all times be Hot ouly ready, ut disposed, to-surrender uppn conviction f error?I do not hesitate to give it to you s my deliberate and well considered o-, inion, that there are objections to the cxrcisc of this power, against the wishes of ic slave holding States, as imperative in icir natnre and obligations, in regulating ic conduct of public men, as the most aIpablc want of Constitutional power would. ?. You have alluded in your letter to the onsj)icuous situation in which I have been laced before the public; and T take it for ranted, that it is to that circumstance, ithcrthan to any other, that I am to ascribe to solicitude felt by yourselves and your :llow citizens, in respect to lny views on lis subject. I recognise, to the fullest exjnt, the propriety of this desire cn your art; and although there is nothing in your Jtter making'the avowal necessary, I prefer liat not only you, but all the people of the Jnited States shall now understand, that if he desire of that portion of them which is hvorable to my elevation to the Chief Magistracy, should be gratified, 1 must go nto the Presidential Chair the inflexible and incompromising opponent of any attempt on ho part of Congress to abolish slavery in he District of Columbia, against the wishes if the slave holding States1; aud also with he determination equally decided, to resist he slightest interference with the subject in he States where it exists. In saying this, [ tender neither to them, nor to you, any pledges, but declare only settled opinions md convictions of duty. Those who doubt that they will be carried into full and fair efFect, are under no obligations to trust nte. An opportunity is afToYded tb?m to exercise their free choice in the matter, and they may ."% be assured, that there is no one less likely to complain of its exercise than myself! The peculiar importance of the subject, and a desire (which you will tittow me to feci) that my views of it should be correctly understood, make it proper that I should explain the grounds of the opinions above expressed. They are founded, amongst others*. ^ on the following considerations, viz:: 1st. I believe, that ifit had been foreseen at the time of the adoption of the Constitution, that the seat of the Federal. Govern- * ment woul be fixed in a slave holding region, and that the subject of slavery would be .* there agitated to the prejudice of those holding this species of property, the right to de so, would, with the assent of the nonslave holding States, have been made on ex ceptioa to the unrestricted legislative power given to Congress over the District to bo ceded. 2d!y. I cannot but regard the agitation of this subject in the District of Columbia* as a surprise upon the people of MaryMhd and Virginia, beint; very confident that if* the state of things which now exists, had been at all apprehended by those States, the cession of the District would not have been made, except upon the express condition that Congress should exercise no suchpower ; and that with such a condition the cession would, in the then state of public opinion, have been readily accepted*Sdly. I do therefore believe that tfte abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, * iku uiiakofi r\ F ilui v?k Vint I .TIT U^utuov WiV^ w ioiivo U1 HIV J|.?TV States, (assuming that Congress has the power to effect it) would violate the spirit of that compromise of interests, which lies at the basis of our social compact j and I am thoroughly convinced, that it could not be so done, without imminent peril, if not certain destruction to tlie Union of the States. Viewing the matter in this light, it is my clear and settled opinion, that the Federal Government ought to abstain from doing so, and that it is the sacred dttty of those whom the peoplo of the United States entrust with the control of its action, so to use the constitutional power with which they are invested, us to prevent it.1 think it due to the occasion, and' only a simple act of justice to my fellow citizens of the North, of all political parties, to add the eqpression of my full belief that tlie* opinions above expressed, accord in sub^ stance, with those entertained by a larger* majority of the people of tho noa-slavoholding States than has ever before existed ? ?' ? 1-1-? aaiioI ill muse ouiies uu u puuuu ijuusuuu w? vvjum magnitude. It is also duo to them to sayr *, that their sentiments on this subject spring' ' out of considerations of too high a character^ and look to consequences of too solemn an import, to be shaken by slight causes. With only a generous confidence' on thepart of the South, in their Brethren of the North, and a firm determination on thc^, part of each, to visit with their severest- 1 displeasure any attempt to connect tlie subject with party- politics, those sentiments cannot be ovcrtlirbwn. All future attempts* ou the part of the abolitionists to do 60? will then only serve to accumulate and concentrate public odiutn: on themselves. That there are persons at the North, who1 are fur from concurring in the prevailing scntutoont I have described, is certainly true; but'thw? numbers when compared with the rest of (he community are very inconsiderable; and if the condition of things be not greatly aggravated by imprudence, many of tliem, 1 have no doubt, will ultimately adopt sounder views of the subject.; and die efforts of those who may persist in* the work of agitation, may be overcome by reason, or rendered inoperative by constitutional remedies. To one class of those whoiiavc hitherto petitioned Congress "or the- abolition cf mIa avrvMtr in ik/t Tk af ?M r.i rvT P/\li?mKl<l 1 OA*1 Siuvcx v in niv ut vaiiuiiiuio) i - ini|not forbear to refer. I' allude" tb the society of Friends, or the people usually denominated Quakers. The uniformity of their course upon this subject, the temperate manner in which it has1 been manifested,, and the marked excellence of their donduct and character, nppear to rave1 conciliated respect for their motives, even IroriV those who differ with them in opinion;- As' far as my observation has enabled me to judge, it is due to them to say, that as there has-been no indication of any change of opinion upon their part during the pftteftf excitement, so has there bean no evidence of a disposition- to lend themselves to' the undue agitations of the public mind attempted by others. There is certainly no class of people in tl?is country, who'have a deeper interest in the preservation of the Union and of the happy system of GovOfb ment which it uphold^ than they; and it has now become very apparent to all reflecting and observing- minds, that the question of slavery in the District of Columbia cannot be pressed to the result they desire,, with satbty to those paramount" objects. Do not these consideration* justify the hope, that from them, at least, we may reasonably_expect, for the future, a mode of dealing with the subject, which, whilst it does nor injustice to their principles, shah repress instead of increasing agitation, and not endanger the great interests to which I havo referred? To doubt it, would be to distrust the influence which industry, morality, inteligencc and republican habits? qualities which all admit them1 to possess in a high degree?are calculated* in- great . emergencies, to exert uporr th* conduct* of theirpossessors. And for the like reason it may certainly be expected that web* disposed persons of other religions denornm*tions, who, withouta full considcratood ofiho difficulties which surround-thip subject, tod of the dangerous consequenccpto which the efforts of the Abolitionte $o evidently tend, have lent to thosa cflottf the influence of tlieii* names an<kcharacter, will bo cirdkl