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( II Eft A W GAZE T T E. - -~k i ?a*"*"1??wn??JIU. ,l?.J. H1IWIW.III i?c?? M. MACLEAN*, EDITOR & PROPRIETOR. CHER AW, S. C., TUESDAY, MARCH 1 1836 '% > ' TOL. I. MOf^v I Published every Tuesday. TEB.1IS. If paid within throe months, - . - 3. 00 31 paid withinthrcc months after tiie c!ose oi the year, - - .1. 50 If not paid within that time, .... 4. 00 A company of sb; persons taking the paper at tlio same Post Oilice. shall he entitled to it at 815, paid in advance, and a company of ten persons ; at 020 ; provided tiso names be forwarded togcth- I, cr, accompanied by the money. No paper to be discontinued but at the option of the Editor till arrearages arc paid. Advertisements inserted for 15 cents per square J the first time, and 37? for each subsequent inscr- ' o ion. !t Persons sending in advertisements are request. ' ^ cd to specify the number of times tlicy are to be j inserted; otherwise they will be continued till J ordered out, and charged accordingly. O-Thc 1'o^tajjc must be pc:-J 0:1 an coua-.u- ; . rucations sent by mail. c 1 ? ? ? " I MEDICAL. ! C I I t CAUSE AND TEEAT:iENr or STUTTERING. I I s From the. Elements of Physic, by Dr. Arnoti. ; ^ u The most common cause of stuttering," , says Dr. A. " is not, as has been almost universally believed, where the individual has a ? difficulty in respect to some particular letter b cr articulation, by the disobedience of the h parts of the mouth which should form it to ; the will or power of association, but where . 1 he spasmodic interruption occurs altogether j behind or beyond the mouth, viz. in the j a glottis, so as to a fleet all the articulations j a equally. To a person ignorant of anatomy, fj and therefore knowing not what or where ; 'W the glottis is, it may be sufficient cxplana- ; tion to say, that it is the slit or narrow open- < 11 ing at the top of the windpipe, by which 1 h the air parses to and from the lungs, being '< ft situated just behind the root of the tongue. sj It is that which is felt to close suddenly in j hiccup, arresting the ingress of air, and that; which closes to prevent the caress of air j " from the chest of a person lifting a heavy | weight, or making any straining exertion: j e< it is that also, by the repeated shutting of ]? which a person divides tlie sound in ])ro- ; * nouucing several times, in distinct and rapid succession, any vowel, as o, o, o, o. Now j the glottis during common speech need ncv- 1 cr be closed, and a stutterer is instantly cu- 1 red, if by having his attention properly directed to it, he can keep it open. Had the * edges or thin lips of the glottis been visible, like the external lips of the mouth, the na- u turc of stuttering would not so long have c] remained a mystery, and the effort necessary to the cure would have forced itself upon t{, the attention of the most careless observer: ! but because hidden, and professional men (jj ^ had not detected in how far they were con- 1 u, corned, and the patient himself had only a ; tjj vq?uc feeling of some difficulty, whicli, af- | 0j tor straining, grimace, ges!i :ulation, and (0 sometimes almost general convulsion of the I p, bodv, gave way, the uncertainty with respect I j, to the subject has remained. Even many u persons who by attention and much labor rc had overcome the defect in themselves, as j g, Demosthenes did, have not been able to de- e, r?thnr<; t!ie nature of their efforts,! u, 4 *yv iv - ?;o as to insure imitation : and the author 0j donbts much whether the quacks who have S( succeeded in relieving many cases, but in 0I man^lso have failed, or have given only a temporary relief, really understood what a precise end in the action of the organs their [j, imperfect directions were accomplishing. 1?a "Now a stutterer, understanding of anat- sj omy only what is stated above, will com- ; ,J( prehend what he is to aim at, by being far- j t her told, that when any sound is continuing,, as when he is humming a single note or a i ' tune, the glottis is necessarily open, and t si therefore, that when he chooses to begin h pronouncing or droning any simple sound ( s' as tltc c of the English word berry, (to do 1 c which at once no stutterer lias difficulty.) j r< lie thereby opens the glottis, and renders the ; o pronunciation of any other sound easy. If' s then, in speaking or reading, lie joins his words togetfier, nearly as a person joins them in singing, (and this may be done with- ! j out its being at all noted as a peculiarity of e speech, for many persons do it in their ordi- p nary conversation,) the voice never stops, ? the glottcr neves closes,and there is of course n 110 stutter, l^he author has given this les- j v son, with an example, to a person, who be-' a lore would Jiave required Jialf an hour to j v read a page, but who afterwards read it al- j ] most as smoothly ns it was possible for any j p one to do; and who then, 011 transferring ! s the lesson to the speech, by continued prac- p ticc and attention, obtained the same facility q with respect to it. There are many per- j{ sons not accounted peculiar in their speech, I; who, in seeking words to express themselves, a often rest between them 011 the simple sound ! t of e mentioned above, saying, for instance, hesitatingly, "I c think c you ^ may,"?the sound never ceasing until the j end of the sentence, however long the per- j ? tn nronounce it. Now a 4 OVAI ItlllJ 1 v v j - ? stutterer, who, to open bis glottis at the be- j - ginning of a phrase, or to open it in the mid* die after any interruption, uses such a sound, [ would not even at first be more remarkable than a drawling speaker, and he would only require to drawl for a little while, until practice facilitated his command of the other j , sounds. Although producing the simple sound which we call the c of berry, or of the French word fete, is a means of opening the glottis, which by stutterers is found very generally to answer, there are many ! cases in which other means are more suita. i f hie, as the intelligent preceptor soon discovers. Were it possible to divide the nerves of the muscles which close the glottis, with' / out at the same time destroying the faculty of producing voice, such an operation would be the most immediate and certain cure of j I stuttering; and the loss of the faculty of closing the glottis would be of no moment. " The view given above of the nature of stuttering and its cure, explains the following j I facts, which to many persons have hitherto l ^ appeared extraordinary. Stutters often ' can sing well. aud without the least interruption?for th<r tune being continued, the glottis does not close. Many stutterers also can read poetry well, or any declamatory composition, in which the iiniiitcrurptcd tone is almost as remarkable as in singing. The cause of stuttering being so simple as above described, one rule given and explain- i ed may, in certain cases, instantly cure the ' iefcct, however aggravated, as has been oh-! ;crved in not a few instances: and this cx- j >kiiiis also why an ignorant pretender may ! occasionally succeed in curing, by giving ! he rule of which lie knows not the reason, i md which he cannot modify to the peculiar-; tics of other cases. Stuttering is a mere hulk, win'J; any man ?f the least firmness of purpose can entire- j v overcome in a short time. We we re I ' t >nce engage 1 in the occupation of school- j caching, and happening to have two or three {utteringpupils, we so far broke up their' iabit of stuttering that they could road a- i >ud, and declaim in the presence of the chool with little or no impediment or em-; arrassmcn'. We did it by frequently tak-;' ]g them to a separate room, and making icin rend aloud to us. In doing which , icy were required to speak very slowly, nd always with the muscles of the throat < nd nccl: and abdomen relaxed. "Whenever icy experienced the least dilliculty in sneak- j lg they were ad vised to stop, relax the above . luscles and again commence slowly. We < avc no doubt that this simple rule, if faith- 1 illy observed, would eventually cure any j ammercr. , One of the pupils referred to we saw a , sw years afterwards. His habit of stam-! l ' - - i 4 lering had, from mere carelessness, retumJ. The others we have neither seen nor card from. Editor. PABE\rS DEPABT.TIEXT. ni fortuity nccrssary iu the govcrnmcut of Children. rom Hall's Lectures on the education of children. Parents arc under obligations to cultivate niformity in their course of treatment of tiildrcn. * If the father or mother is rigid at one j me, and lax at another?if they condemn . i-day what was permitted yesterday?if J icy punish for a fault to-day, which passed (inoticcd oil a former occasion, Iiow can icy receive the affections or confidence children. Parents cannot bo too solicits to be uniform, in their requisitions and ohibitions. Uniform censure, wheu chilrcn do wrong, and uniform approbation : hen tjiey do right, are certainly dictated by ?ason and common sense. But without reat carc, it will be impossible to preserve itire equanimity of feeling, or pursue an " ,i varying course of conduct. The state . * - - ? ^ / i j f the health and How oi animal spirns arc , ) subject to change, that the 3pmc object ii different days, is contemplated through ' different medium. It is very easy to guide i ship while wiud and tide are favorable,? Lit in the storm, and the tempest, to main- ( lin the same course, requires experience, ] till, and great firmness. Still, this is more j L'ccssary now, than when All calm the sky, tho ocean sleeps. j "Unvarying and inflexible consistency i iiould be exhibted by all whom Providence ] as placed at the head of a household. They < bould not only he excellent, but consistently i xccllent. An unbroken uniformity should i iign over the whole character. Nothing 1 ontradictory, inexplicable, or irreconcileable i hould ever be seen.'** < In order to exhibit tin's consistent excel- r.nrnnta miict nmClicO Seif-nOVCfllTn^llt. 1 x ? ? low can one govern others who cannot govrn himself ? To all persons entrusted with 1 ower. self-government is valuable; and I ' nay add, indispensable to a right perfor- ] nance of duty. Those who witness the 1 .'hole tenor of our conduct, submit to our 1 uthority with more reluctance, than those ' .'ho are less conversant with our infirmities. Icnce, as parents arc almost constantly cxloscd to the observation of their children, elf-government is of inoic importance to hem, than to the instructor, who is less lrcucntiy iu the presence of his pupils. To iic instructor, it is on some account more iccessarv, than to the magistrate, lint to .11 it is essential, in order to exercise authoriy judiciously and successfully. Self-government in parents must be universal in regard to its objects. It is manii.?ti ilrrn iMtrcolf in OSUV I\ji me n; JIIUUI?VS iuicvk ... | hings, which I condemn in others. Does the parent or teacher labor to conrincc those, who are placed under his care, hat anger is sinful, he is under high obligu * *v ions to restrain his own passions. Does ic tell them that industry is a moral duty,? ic must not love sloth and idleness himself. Docs he admonish his children that slander s highly criminal?lie must avoid both "inconsiderate and malicious slander" himself. Self-command must extend to thoughts as veil as to the actions. Let there bo ever ;o much cfTort on the part of parents to cxiibk tho appearance of self-government while jefore their households, if they do not really iracticc it, the deception will be apparent, [t is impossible to dissimilate so successfully is to prevent detection* Th? effect of this will be worse, than if dissimulation had not been attempted, as it }vi!l show an evident disposition in the parcut<o wish for tnat indulgence, which he refuses to the child. Those, therefore, who do not strive to govern j themselves as strictly, as tiny govern their | children, are guilty of ah important error: j .Tames and cannot be viewed as pursuing a judicious j course in training up the children which God i gi lias given them, i'an'iits should cultivate a spirit of patience. By this I mean a disposition to proceed in si their labors for tbc welfare of their children, si as assiduously in the midst of difficulties, as m when none oppose them, and as constantly sij when unsuccessful, as when their efforts arc al crowned with a favorable termination : that fu the obliquity of children should not discom- aj pose them, or cause them to think their labor m too difficult to be accomplished. ar la order to exercise a proper degree of sp patience,the parent must contemplate before- lii hand, the nature of his duties, and the difficulties in the way of their performance. in One must be possessed of 110 common bo energy, to meet and overcome unexpected difficulties, without being moved by them, tci or showing impatience under them. But all most persons can encounter perplexity and cs care, when anticipated, and the miud is nerv- of 1 1 ? I I i* ! /%? 1 . cu to cuuure mem. n airncuiues occur jc where none were anticipated, they often ap- fi t pear more formidable than they "really are, m and by the pbrturbation they produce, we cn are frequently embarrassed in the discharge wi of our appropriate duties. gr " Instruction," says Dr. Dwig]it, "must be of communicated to children, with the most un- m: wearied patience. Christ in this, and many of other respects, has left us a pcrlect example. Although his disciples were dull of hearing, up and slow of heart to believe; although they by liad many, and those often very unreason- ah able prejudices, his patience was never less- CI mcd. 11c taught them also without weari- tlx icss, without frctfulncss, without reproaches tci and without intermission. At times, indeed, re; ac reproved them, and with some degree of cit severity; but always with tenderness and tin jood will. In this manner should parents each their children; should be patient with an :hcir ignorance, their backwardness to re- the /% 1 iicivc instruction ; their mistakes; thctr for- sul ptfulness; the necessity of teaching them va again, and again, and the doubts and difli- soi rallies they from time to time suggest. In en ill these, parents should manifest not only juiciness of mind but cheerfulness,& willing- >u< less to repeat instructions. Impatience dis- wl jualifies parents and all wlio have the care )f children, for the faithful discharge of duty, 'iitiencc, on the other hand is an essential equisite, and should be cultivated by ever}* Er larent, with great care." wii In connexion with tlic exercise of patience, rci would urge parents to be persevering, up \iticnt perseverance is in no instance more cai equisite, than in those, 011 whom it devohes ui< To pour the fresh instruction o'er the mind. P? If children were possessed of holy hearts ?tl>n Am'le r\C i(ninmnnn fink* wnro tn 1?n U'e " ' *"'1" V" W.-V .. _ ivcrcomc; if they always inclined to do ? J ight, when they once know what is right; ^ he work of instruction would be easy, and * here woul 1 be little occasion to urge on paents the claims of perseverance. But it is ?vc lot so. Children " arc conceived in sin and' ,nc jhapen in iniquity." As soon as one fault s corrected, others will require attention. fVhcn one habit is formed, others also must ? )2 cultivat.d. It will often require the ut- [<n nost perseverance to cherish virtuous prodensities, and eradicate those wliich are evil. s [fa parent enters on a judicious course of un lisciplinc, it should be prosecuted with un- . iring constancy. If you attempt to correct 0 1 i fault, and then yield to the obstinacy of he child, you will injure him more than if l! 10 attempt is made to secure his rcforma. J* ion. Efforts to form a necessary habit, if r< ibandoncd, will do hurt, ratlior than good. 0 Every parent is under obligation both to his 0( children and himself, to yield to no discourigcment, in training them up, in the nurture . md admonition of the Lord. Rut if a dcorminnfion to ncrsevere is not formed and steadily adhered to, the discouragements he as encounters will deter him from further efforts. Do you require a child to comply with a reasonable requisition ? then let nothing pre- J rent your being obeyed. This rule should be 1 maintained as well when the command is , trifling as when it is important. As much in little things as in great ones. If a child cc is prohibited some indulgence, no importunity of his should induce you to revoke your decision, unless you become satisfied that your original determination was clearly ot wrong. If you were deceived, and formed r'1 a wrong opinion, frankly acknowledge it. P This may justify a change in your order. c!l] U * * lit OY RURAL ECOZVOXY. From the Southern Agriculturist. 01 Plau for an Agricultural Society. ^ Mavlcnton, Newberry District, S. C. n January 23, 183G. Mr Editor,?In your periodical for this month, I read an article on the establishment of Agricultural Societies, and with hut a ^li<rht exception, I entirely concur, in the R? Others exclusively to corn and all small *ain, &c. Others to rearing of each kind of stock., Each member to pay anually into Treairy two dollars, which will accumulate? ilHciency to award any member making ost corn, cotton, small grain, &c. tofi ngle acre, a considerable premium, and so for the average crop. Also, for the lest one and three year's old blooded colts prcn.i uu, as well as common blooded colts, ule colts, and nil other stock. Awards c adjudged by the Committees and re actively presented at their annual rnecjgs for their exhibitions. Tiiis systematic arrangement has resulted the wiser culture of our lands, and in the Iter regulation of our slaves. We contemplate, however, a farther ex ision of usefulness; in which, also, i hope your intelligent readers will feel interte?J. After we have organized a number these Societies and conformed them to a gular and systematic plan, we will send jin each society annually, delegates to cet in Columbia, about tho first of Sepnber, the earliest time that we can report th certainty on the prospect of our annual owing crop. Somo ol the couscquences this meeting, as to its efleet upon our arkcts, are referred to in the contribution ' A Reader" alluded to. Finally, would it not be advisable to call >011 the Legislature, not only as suggested the Society Committee for Learning,but so that it blend with the Professorship of icmistryand Geology, also Agriculture in 2 South-Carolina College. -This would id not only to dcvclopc immediate good suits with their present plan, but would climore talent and better material for conued research. As the project, however, is in its infancy, d rendered peculiarly discouraging from j general inactivity of our planters on the bjcct, you have the means through your luablo paper, either to mature or devise me alteration more conducive to the genii good. I have mado these remarks in a hasty lmnnt. if noressarv. I will write a train, icn more at leisure. I. B. I). rsexcii ;.iode of fattening cattle. In some parts oi J7ranee, according to an lglish writer on Agriculture, they fatten tli maze, [Indian corn,] "but in order to idcr it tender, they pour boiling hot water on it, cover it Up close, and give to the ttle the same day, and in this way it is a >st excllent fattener, both of cattle and ultrv. But in order to make them fatten oner and better, they give them every jht, and sometimes of a morning, a ball pork grease as large as an apple; they say sis both physic and food and makes ;m thrive the better. "The fact of hog's grease being given, is confirmed at Souilliac; it is given to nnfl <incmw3 woll. reuse uie unu wmi>V>V - ?, i beasts perfecly devour their food after and their coats become smooth and ining. The most fattening food they o\v for a bullock, is walnut oil cake. All re give salt plentifully, both to cattle and eep. And this practice is more or less, iversal through the whole kingdom. "In Flanders, from Valenciennes to Cries, for fattening boasts, and for cows, }y dissolve linseed cake in hot water, and ? animal drinks, not cats it, having various icrfood given at the same time, as hay, an, &c.; for there is no point they adhere more than always to give a variety of )d to a fattening beast." Potato Bhead.?The manner of making a bread is simple and easy: boil good poocs, pro;>erly drain off the water as soon they have boiled sufficiently, let them rciin in the warm kettle to dry, take off the in. put them into a mortar and pound the }al tine, to which add a little fine salt, cvious to putting in the yeast to raise the E?ad, mix the potato meal thoroughly with 3 Hour, afterwards pursue tiie usual pross of making bread from flour. Western Farmer. Roasted ArrLES.?The following mode roasting apples will make a rich dish, ol thcr an insipid one: Select the Iargcstap-s; scoop out the core without cutting lite through; fill the hollow with butter and ie soft sugar; let them roast in a slow en, and serve up with the syrvp. Ib. Clove Cake.?Three pounds of flour, ie of butter, one of sugar, three of eggs, o spoonfuls of cloves?mix it with molass. . lb. ABOLITION. unarks of Mr. Tjnckney and Mr. Hammond, on Mr. Piuckney'iJ rcrolution. Mr. Pixcknf.y said lie would not detain c House long. I le bad oflbred the rcsotion before the House upon most delibere ru Auction, and alter consolation with se ral highly respected und judicious friends :d because lie honestly believed it to lie the ?ry best course that could be adopted in rclion to the dangerous and exciting subject which it refers. Mr. P. said he was vara of the responsibility lie assumed, but lowing that lie was acting for the highest >od of the whole country, lie was perfectly ady and willing to encounter it. He was ding for the true interests of his constitute, for the true welfare of his native State, id of all the South, and, he was neither aaid nor ashamed to add, with a view to the ?acc and preservation of the Union. But, jcause lie had dared to adopt this coarse, 3 had becH bitterly assailed by a certain -int, (the Telegraph,) and that, too, before 2 had even had an opportunity to assign is reasons. Sir, (said Mr. P.) let me say uce for all, that I am not ro be dnven by * * .* ""O?, . * . organization suggested by "A Header," nor should I presume to propose any nl?.no tKoro not now in progress a til plan consonant with the general objects of lu yours, but with additional ulterior ad- at ventages. vc Jn tiie back country we have commenced ar organizing Agricultural Societies, and hope vc that not only you, Mr. Editor, but also your la contributors, will co-operate in our eudea- to vour to render them successful. 1 shall at mention to you the plan of the Society to kt which I belong. ?< The Society has a President and See- re rotary the latter of whom acts as Treasurer; ac the whole society is arranged in separate ci committees, with their respective provinces ai allotted to them. fr Oiie Committee to experiment on . the p< composition aiid application of manure, as b( required by dilFcrcnt soils and adapation to h< diiierent productions, with a lull detail of pi the culture, seasons, &c.; and another Com- hi mitrcc exclusively to experiment upon cotton h; when to top it and whether material at a:!, oj newspaper assaults, or culuminious imputations upon my motives, from my settled conrictions of public duty, nor from my determined purpose to take high and patriotic ground upon this subject, and to prevent it, as far a9 I am able to do so, from being made a perpetual source of agitation, to the ruin of the South, and the dcstrtruction of the Union. I have no fear that the assaults to which I have alluded wiil iujuro me in thftjpstimation of of the citizens of Charlesi _ JL At - - ' ? 1 iu^' lu v consuiucniK nave Known me long and tliey know mc well. They know that I am utterly incapable of being tempted to desert my dutyTo them, in any matter in which their rights or interests arc involved; and they will spurn thft base imputation upon me, as an insult to themselves. But I do plead guilty to the heinous accusation of desiring harmony?of desiring to produce a safe, and advantageous, and honorablo adjustment of this question. But how, Mr. Speaker? By evading the resolutions offered by the hon orable member from Maine and Virginia, as I am charged with doing ? No, sir.. All who know me, either hero or in South Carolina, know that I ncvor havo twadod or avoided any vote or any question, upon which it lias ever been my duty to act as a public representative. It is not my nature: it is not my character. I would disdain to shrink from an open avowal of my scnti-' meats, or record of my vote, upon any question which any gentleman could make before this House. Ifow then, sir? By retracing ground already gained, and yield, ing an advantage obtained from the enemy? No, sir; for I know of no ground gained,? no advantage obtained; but I am decidedly of opinion, on the contrary, that \yc have lost ground daily, by the course that has been pursued, and that ice shall lose more and more. the longer it is persisted in. This accusation, then, is absurd. I have evaded nothing: I have yielded nothing. I deny the imputation, and every vile insinuation connected with it. But, sir, 1 do desire harmony; by producing harmonious, uni. led, and efficient action?by taking higher ground than lias yet hcen taken?by covering the whole field?by bringing up the main question, and acting upon thai?and by doing what no one else has yet attempted to do?by procuring a direct role and a practical result upon the whole subject of tne abolition of slaveby ! This is my object, sir; and am J to be denounced for this? Are my constituents to be incited to suspect me, because I am honestly endeavoring to bring this distractingcontrovcrsy to the very best issuo of which it is susceptible? Is it treason to the South, sir, that this House should declare, by a solemn and deliberate vote, that Congress possesses no constitutional authority to interfere with slavery in any of the States? Is it treason to the South, that this House should declare, by a solemn and deliberate vote, that Congress i.i ? i ?-'! ...HI It,in nnv OUgUl iiU.j uiiu niu in/i, iiitv?v.u, ... v?v way, with slavery in the District of Columbia, because it would be a violation of the public faith, and dangerous to the Union! Has such a point as this ever been gained before ? Has ever such a vote been taken, or such declaration made, as this ? Is it treason to the South, that a committee should be ordered to draught a report, as ably as they can, to secure and maintain the just rights of the siavoholding States and of the People of this District, on the one side, and at the same time to restore concord and tranquility amongst the various sections of this Confederacy, on the other? If this be treason to the South, sir, let my constituents judge me. I am responsible to them, but to no individual, be he who he may. If this is treason to the Union, let the People of America decide: for I cheerfully acknowledge that, as a citizen of the Union, I am _i ilinm Rut nf all pi'pnts. lusu i<7 inv.ni. UUI)... .... J however I may be denounced for my audacity in having acted thus, I have the consolation to know that the propositions I have offered meet the cordial approbation of many members from the South, than whom there arc no purer patriots, or more devoted Southerners, upon this floor. Several of them have said that they would have rejoiced if this very course had been adopted at the beginning of tho session ; and I have evenreason to believe that it will now be sustained by the almost undivided vote of the whole Southern delegation? What, .then, Mr. Speaker, am I and all the Socitlicrn delegation who act with me, are all of us traitors ; and is the individual who has assailed me, the only man who understands the interests, cr cares for the rights and honor of the South ? But, sir, I feel that I ought to ask pardon of the House for speaking in this manner. It is exceedingly painful to mc to speak of myself at any time or in any place, but especially before so respectable and enlightened a body as this: but, fn justice to myself, I could not have avoided it on the present occasion. Sir, I will only trouble the House witii one ?r to observations more. I wish my constituents to understand my motives. It is my duty, as the representative of the People of Clinrleston, to render an account to them of every thing that I may say or do in my public capacity, and I wish them to understand me distinctly, that they may judge me correctly, and especially before any false impressions may have been crcatod in tlieir minds. I say, then, Mr. Speaker, that I have threo great objects in offering this rosolution. The first is, so far as possible, to arrest tbc discussion of the subject of slavery within these walls, which I believe to be useless?worse than useless?pernicious to the South and dangerous to the whole country. The second is, to bring the wfwlc subject of the abolition of slavery to a practical result, in a. manner safe and a<jvanta. geous to the South, satisfactory to the North, and calculated also to tranquillize the count rv and to confirm the Uniop. My last object is?and this indeed substantially $ ' * I includes the whole?my last object is to put down the spirit of fanaticism?to repress the spirit of incendiary agitation?l^y disseminating throughout the countrg a calm and temperate report, emanating fnwtf tliis body, having the high sanction of the National Legislature, and calculated, both by its own arguments and the high source from win'ch it issues, to produce tluu sound and rational state of public opinion in ttie non-slaveholding States, which is oqually due to the South, and to the preservation of the Union ; and, for this great put pose, sir, I would cover the whole ground,. I would embrace the States as well as the District of Columbia. 1 know no reasonable objection to doing so, aud it is justified by precedent. It is the very course that was adopted by Congress in the memorable resolution of 1790?a course that was sustained (I believe proposed) by the venerable Moaison, and that received the unanimous sanction of the whole Southern delegation of that day; and I can see no reason why the same course should not receive the unanimous sanction of the whole Southern delegation now. In my humble judgment, it is the only course by which we can bring this mottf*r fn nn nf)..nn(nm/Mte idCtlA Hl'tllMn U*G W fcv 1411 UUTUllbU^WUO kMUVi have bocn fighting about mere abstractions. Hitherto we have been contending about the right of petition, and other minor and unimportant points. We have been wasting our emerges, and losing ground upon a fuse issue, an issue upon which we never can or rive at a practical result?an issue upon which the whole iCorth is united, and the South divided; and the very debate upon which, so far from doing the least good, ?oly increases the spirit of abolition at the North, inflames excitement at tho South, and is daily widening the breach between the different members of the Union. Now, sir, I am for overstepping tlteso minor, abstract point9, and taking higher ground. I am for taking the question upon the whole subject. I would let the right of petition alone, as no way material to the truo issue. I would have a broad and comprehensive declaration, that Congress possesses no authority over slavery here or clsewkem, and will not interfere with it in any way whatever.Is not this the true position for the South, sir ? I think it is; and my constituents, too, (all of whom own elopes,^ will think upon it too. Sir, the emancipationists aim at general emancipation. No candid man can doubt it, or deny it. AO their writings and publications prove it.. You cannot read the proceedings of a single anti-slavery society, or a single production of the incendiary press, without being thoroughly convinced that they contemplate abolition in the States as their grand ultimate object, and that they never will be satisfied with any thing short of it, as long as they have the slightest shadow of a hope. Now, dli) A ? UU1U tllV/ill) UIIU vtvtv^v* ? w once and forever, upon that I consider that we do but little, if we do not crush their hopes in relation to the States. There can be no doubt that all their attempts to procure abolition in the District ore, that it may constitute a foundation for their general scheme. They regard it as an entering wedge by which they may carry on their operations afterwards to an indefinite extentGive them this District as a lever,, and they will never cease until they bring this Government to act upon the States. I would,therefore, cut off all their hopes at once, as. regards the States, by saying to them, plain*, ly and distinctly, that this Government pos*. sessrs no power whatever, by which they* couhl be aided in thciF views. Satisfy themthat they have no hopes in relation to the? District. But, "to make assurance douhljf sure." I would also destroy their hopes a? regard# this District. I would meet them at every poiut, and put them down on all. L would say to them, that so far from their ever obtaining the aid of this Government in their designs upon the States, they shall never be permitted even to obtain a foothold here. They shall never be permitted to use this District for the purpose of convulsion and disunion. And, surely, Mr. Speaker, if any tiling on earth can repress the spirit of incendiary agitation, such proceedings on the part of this House must produce that effect. And not only that, sir; it will not only tend, as I firmly believe, to check and repress the fanatics, but, what is stiff more important, it will tend, powerfully and irresistibly, to produce a high-toned, generous patriotism, an enlarged, magnanimous Amerienn spirit, in the great body of the non. slavcbolding States, eminently favorable to the cause of peace, and to the constitutional rights and interests of the Soutliern States. Only let this House adopt the course indicated in the resolutions I have offered, end, ? - - 1 my life upon it, they will be sustained oy every honest heart, by even* time American patriot, in every non-skxvenolJing State of this great Republic. Now, sir, this is the very result I desire to * produce. The battle of abolition is to be fought, not at the Sonth, hut in the ilon^kvcholding States. The People of the non* slavclioldiug States arc divided into two classes: the incendiary fanatics, who are plotting our destruction, and the destruction, of this Union?and the great body of the People, who respect tlie rights and feelings of their Southern brethren, and are doing all they can to put tlie fanatics down. TYTiaf, then, is our policy ? To make a now issue upon abstract points ? To change the xvholo aspect of the question, by contending cgainsi the right of petition, and thus increase abolition, and drive our supporters from the field ? No, sir; I would strengthen our fiionds, not weaken them, I would lot them fight the abolitionists m their own wttv, and not hamper or trammel them by making new contests, or creating new difficulties of an}-- kind wliatcvcr. And I da firmly and conscientiously believe that, if | this course is adppted, they will succeed i\ ? * 4" -