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jV CHERAW GAZETTE. P * ... * -,jM V ' M vAriTiv pnttY^n x- proprietor. ' % CHERAW, S. 0., TUESDAY.-JANUARY 26, 1836 vol. LKO.IL ' | Published every Tuesday. TERMS. If paid within threo months, . - 3. CO If paid withinthrce months after the close ol tho rear, . - . - 3. 50 If not paid within that time, . . - - 4. 00 A company of six persons taking the paper at tho same Post Office, shall he entitled to it at $15, paid in advance, and a company of ten persons at $20. No paper to bo discontinued but at tho option j of tho Editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisements inserted for 75 cents per square ' tho first time, and 37$ for each suhsoqucnt inscr. ] tion. ? j- l Deductions made to those who advertise by the ( ? 3*ear, and to merchants. i EPTho Postage must bo paid on all commu- ^ nications sent by mail. K a==! 1 [ '/ " Christian Charity* f j. From ? The Man of Faith, by Abcrcromhie." Q It suffereth long and is kind: It oxercises. t candor, indulgence, and forbearance in re- c sard to the conduct of others, entering into | i W v;?^ their feelings with gentleness and kindness, c and making every allowance for the circumstances in which they are placed, and the s motives and feelings by which they are in- f fluenccd. This disposition prevents us from a hastily assigning unworthy motives or bad f intentions; it induces us to take the most t] favorable view that we possibly can of the c conduct of other -men, and, even when ap- <j pcaranccs axe against them, to endeavor ? anxiously to discover favorable views and c palliating circumstances. It thus leads us s to bo slow to take offence, to be unwilling t! to consider injuries as intended, to be above e taking offence at trifles, and under real iuju- t! xies, to be easily conciliated and ready to d forgive. This temperament of mind is y strikingly contrasted with one which we find c so common in the world,?envious, suspi- k cious,and censorious,?ready to be offended $ ! ? ?? triflun 4a nnnMnvi nonulonial Mrfiimctftn. ?< UJf UJU^ CU VUUCli uv WVViUVMiwi VI4 v?4iigwu.- Y ces into intended insults and to impute to tl others bad intentions on the most frivolous ti grounds. Such a disposition is a source of wretchedness to those who art? under its a power, and of fcnhappincss to a!! with whom c they are connected; and we cannot survey t; the distress which arises from ill-regulated o temper, without perceiving how much the v present happiness ofmen would be increased c by the exercise of that charily which suffer- e cth long and is kind. r, The kindness, which is hero associated f with long suffering, seems to be distinct iirom o the exercises of benevolence refeired to unl a der the former division of the subject. It ? appears to imply mere particularly a tender tc regard to the feelings of others, which makes a us studious to a\cid wounding them by v jealousies and suspicions, bv peevishness or fr fretfulaess, and by allowing trifles to ruffle oi tiie temper and disturb the social harmony. V Many, who are not deficient in deeds of be- hi neVoienco or friendship, arc apt 10 iorgei < ic how much the exercise of true kindness con- j w sists in gentleness, meekness, and tender j consideration for the feelings of others ; and i it is roelandioly to obscrye how much real I unhappiness often exists in families and in ] / communities which would be effectually prevented by the Christian grace of kindness. c . 9 RECIPROCAL ACTION BETWEEN THE SKIN AND a OTHER ORGANS. . 0 l'rom Combo on Health and Mental Education. u , In tracing the connexion between sup- f; pressed perspiration and the production of! e, individual diseases, we shall find that those J u organs which possess some similarity of {c function sympathise most closely with each it other. Thus the skin, the bowels, the lungs, s the liver, and the kidneys sympathise readi- n ]y, because they have all the common office a of throwing waste matter out of the system, tl each in a way peculiar to its own structure; tl so that if the exhalation from the skin, for p example, be stopped by long exposure to c cold, the large quantity of waste which it c was charged to excrete, and which in itself 1 is hurtful to the system, will most probably r be thrown upon one or the other of the a- fJ bove-namcd organs, whose function will A -consequently become excited; and if any v of them, from consequential or accidental a causes, be already weaker than the rest, as li often happens, its health will naturally fee 1 the first to suffer. In this way, the bowels t< become irritated in one-individual, and oc- I: casion bowel complaint; while in another n it is the lungs which become affected, giving c rise to catarrh or common cold, or perhaps ii even to inflammation. When, on the other t< hand, all these organs are in a state of vig- a orous health, a temporary increase of func- s inlfK nlace in them, and iho C tfcVM | # W?V ? system, without leading to any local disor- der; and the skin itself speedily resumes fi its activity, and restores the balance between o them. F One of the most obvious illustrat ions of this is reciprocity of action is afforded by any couvi- s > vial party seated in-a warm room in a cold v evening. The heat of the room, the food v and wine, and the excitement of the mo- t ment, stimulate the skin, cause an afflux of h blood to its surface, and increase in a high a degree the flow of the insensible perspira- a tion ; which thus, while the heat continues, c carries off an undue share of the fluids of v the body, and leaves the kidneys almost at a rest. But the moment the company goes ? into the cold external air, a sudden reversion v of operation takes place; the cold chills a the surface, stops the perspiration, and directs the current of the blood towards the a internal organs, which presently become ex- * cited,?and, under this excitation, the kid. c neys, lor example, will, in a few minutes sc. j crete as much of their peculiar fluid as they j did iu as many of tlie preceding hours.? j The reverse of this, again, is common in t diseases obstructing the secretion from the i kidneys; for the perspiration from the skin s is then altered in quantity and quality, and 1 acquires much of the peculiar smell of the f urinary fluid. fc When the lungs are the weak parts, and < their lining membrane is habitually relaxed, : accompanied by an unusual amount of mu- i cous secretion from its surface, cold applied J to the skin throws the mass of the blood previously circulating there inward upon the l lungs, and increases that secretion to a high . degree. Were this secretion to accumulate, < it would soon fill up the air-cells of the ; kings, and cause sufiocation; but to obvi- < ate tins danger, the Creator has so constitu. ] :ed the lungs, that any foreign body coming < n contact with them excites the convulsive i iflort called coughing, by which a violent < md rapid expiration takes place, with a < orce sufficient to hurry the foreign body ilong with it, just as peas are discharged by j >oys with much force through short tubes < >y a sudden effort of blowing. Thul| a j :hcck given to perspiration, by diminishing i he quantity of blood previously circulating t !>? nnfnmllv leads vcrv often to t Ml WiU OU14l?vvy j - ~*_V ncreased expectoration and cough, or, in \ >thor words, to common cold. t The lungs excrete, as we shall afterward 1 ce, a large proportion of waste materials 1 rom the system : and the kidneys, the liver, i ind tlic bowels have in so far a similar of- i ice. In consequence of this alliance with t he skin, these parts ore more intimately, s onn.cted with each other in healthy and r liseased action than* with other organs.? i Jut it is a genefal law, that wherever an or- j <au is unusually delicate, it will be more ca-* t ily affected by any cause of disease than i hose which are sound. So that, if the 2 icrvouS) system, for. example, be weaker i hun other.parts, a chili will be more apt to * isturb its health than that of tire lungs, ?'bich are supposed in this instance to be c onstitutionally stronger; or, if the muscu- t ir aud fibrous organizations be unusually v usceptiblo of disturbance, either from pre- t ious illness or from natural predisposition, bey will be the first to suffer, and rheumaism wiil ensue; nnd soon. And hence be-utility to the physician of an intimate cquaintaucc with the previous habits and onstitutions of his patients, and the advan- I ige of adapting the remedies to the nature 2 f the cause, when it can be discovered, as c roll as to the disease jtself. A bowel t omplaint, lor instance, may arise from ov- c r-eating as well as from a check to perspi- a ition; but although* the thing to. be cured I > the same, the means ofcure ought obvi. i usly to be different. In the one instance, i n emetic ok laxative to cany off the offen- c ing cause, and in the other a* diaphcrQtic > open the skin, will be the most rational s nd efficacious^medies. Facts like this i expose" the glaring ignorance and cf. > oniery of the quack, who affirms that his s no remedy will cure every fbrm of disease;, i fere the public not equally ignorant .with c imself, their credulity would ccasc to at- a trtl to his presumption the rich field ip > hich it now revels. n - - / - f RiBAL KCOXO.lIl. t itraduction to the current volume of the Southern F Agriculturist by the new Editor. The liberal patronage this journal has :ceived tor trie last eignt years, renders its j tility no .longer doubtful. We, therefore, I r ssuirse its control, with the persuasion, that t ur present endeavors to continue the work t rill be met by .an increased degree of public ( ivor. The truth is, the Agricultural inter- ? st is becoming of greater consideration to t s every day. The people of Europe, and { f the Northern and Eastern States, feeling t s vast importance, have already established 1 ehools and professorships for its advance- t uent, and with emulous pride have encour- ? ,ged every undertaking having for its object i lie improvement of %iiculiural science. In c liis enterprise our people have done com- t aratively nothing. While, with a sedulous t are, they have festered and cultivated every y ithcr Science, they have suffered that of ' > Agriculture, to sink to an ebb, from which it ? equires our strongest efforts to raise it. 1 LT.e trfck, however, is not an impossible one. 1 Vo have those amongst us who have ad. 1 anced the other departments of Science to < . successful consummation. Unfortunately, t lowever, as much lias not been done for i Agriculture. We have bconso long accus- f omcd to loo? upon it as a mere mechanical ^ ihor, that, vco have in a great measure, < iCglecied the study of those principles, which < an alone render it intellectual and entertain- 1 jg. The result naturally is, that it ceases i 3 yield us interest, we become discouraged 1 t its pursuits, and instead of looking to our- i elves tor a want of success, attribute the < ' !l. 2 ulurc to our lands?we proclaim incm sienie i -the spirit of emigration seizes us, and we i nally abandon them and seek a renovation , f our fortunes in the " distant West." Our < mrposc, in this journal, shall be to admonsh our people against such a course. We hall endeavor to shew them, that an AH- . rise Providence has provided us with means, vhich only want the application of industry < o make them permanent blessings. That, . ie has spread out before us a soil, which if i .ttended with judgment and skill, can yield 1 in-abundance %f most of the products of ' ither countries. That, he has favored us i vith a population remarkable for intelligence 1 rnd virtue, and has bestowed* upon us a i government under whoso happy influence, i ve arc brought into commerce $nd acquaint- < inceship with the whole civilized world. i With a view to bring-out these resources, i tnd to give a proper application to them, vc have determined to spare no efforts on i >ur part. We have, accordingly, .hud a i >crsonal interview with some of the most )ractical planters and farmers from different )arts of our Southern country. Most of : hem have promised us the aid of their expe ience and study,-and all of them have consented to transmit us, such agricultural information as they may be able to collect rom those around them. Nor sf&U our flforts stop here. Determined to improve ourselves, and to add to the interest of oui readers, we shall, at suitable seasons, make such excursions into this and the adjoining States, as will enable us practically to learn, what is the state of the Science throughout the various sections of our Southern country, [n doing so, we shall permit nothing to csjape our notice. Our aim shaH be to present the whole physical and intellectual^tatc af the Science?the rural economy of out people?the moral condition and treattnenl rf our slaves?everv tiling in fact, which may tend to impart interest, by a detection af errors in our agricultural system, or the iiscovery of improvements unknown to it. While we feel, therefore, that a grehl ncnnnsihilitv Hp vn 1 vV>s 1 innn us. if . must Ik ibvious that much of our -success will de>end upon the efforts of our friends. , Others iround us, with a noble patriotism, arc doing ill 10 advance themselves by their agricul ural enterprise. We' trust that our people vill catch the same laudable spirit hd hem recollect that the history of the work las pi-oved, that national importance, anc ve may add, national independence itself ire based upon the resources of agriculturists and farmers. That amid the flubtuaions of all other interests?amid the depres iions of all other trades, they alone, by theii mtuml repugnance to sudden excitement emain tlie most permanent safeguard to th< )reser\^tion of our instiiotions and our liber y. An interest so vastly important to oui State, should not be neglected by our citi :ens. They should all foei that to foster it s as high a duty of patriotism as any otlie: vhich they'could be called upon to discharge With these hurried remarks, we thro* imnn inrliilrponnA rvTmir nnfrnno V UjJUll lrUV? tliu Ul^^iiUV VTA V/U4 |/V*?a w??w rusting that the ussfulness of our journa nil be justly commensurate wjth our efforts 0 please. . .Charleston, Jan. 1,1836,. From tiro Southern Agriculturist. Pride of India as a Manure. Mr. Editory?It affords me the Creates >leasure to learn, that so valuable and uselu 1 journal as that of the Southern Agri uliurist, has passed into your hands. ] rust that vour undertaking will be as sue * % :esslul as it is laudable; and with a view t( tdd my mite towards furthering your efforts herewith send you a communication on th< ise of the" pride of India Tree as a "Man ire"-?published many years since in one o >ur daily papers. The plan proposed, I have adopted as t !)*stem ever since its publication first mc ny eye. And there are many, who alon? vith myself, can testify *as to its coraplcti uecess- A friend of minejron one of th( stands, has, at my suggestion used the Pridi ? India as a manure for his cotton ; an< notlier of them in Barnwell District, has, fo ears back, tried its leaves and berries as ? nanureibr- his corn. To both of thesi :on|lemcnI have written, and as soon a; .icy fWw ine fehhths Result of their respcc ivc trials, I shall present them -*** you fo tublication in your journal. A FRIEND TO IMPROVEMENT. COMMUNICATION*. "Having many Pride otlndia trees anon ny House and yard, I have made it a prac ice to trim them the time of the yea'r whci he foliage is about to fall, in order to get a >nce rid of the dirt occasioned by the leaves tnd berries ; and knowing from experience hat they arc possessed of strong vermifu juous qualities, the thought occurred to me hat they would be a good mixture with leajifcf stable manurc?I accordingly hat he small fibres, with tho seed and leaves spread to the thickness of eighteen or twent) nches over the heap, and turned my horst >11 them as litter ; this added considerabl} o the quantity of .my manure, and I fine hat the land on which I pat it, though in ? ;ery undigested, half rdtten state, and u vhich I have planted cabbages, snap beans spinach, okra,and peas, had not a plant cu >y the grub, or any other worm or insect, 'fthis, on further investigation, may justly X3 found attributable to the vermifuge pialifies oftlie Pride of India, in. destroying he insects in the embryo or egg state, in the panure on land, docs it not hold out consid arable inducement for the cultivation of tha valuable tree ?. And docs it not open a fiek >f rational investigation, to the philosophic mltivator, in procuring manures & infusions rom plants, that are in their nature delete - * " *i mi _ n_:j. iou%to tne insect xriDc. rue iriuu o ih(Jia is remarkable for this quality, and i: ejected by insects of every ..kind, who, n( loubt, aro guided by unerring insfinct. - L t not then reasonable to suppose, tliaf wate: n wRich it is infused,sprinkled on cotton,&c vould prevent the ravages of that intiftde m human industry, the caterpillar? INVESTIGATOR." Fence Posts. An excellent method of rendering thesi Jurable in the ground, is' published in tin American Eagle. It consists, 1. In peel ing the posts, and in sawing and splitting them if top large; 2. Iii sticking them up under cover, at least one entire summer and 3. In coating with hot tar, about thro feet of the bu't ends, which fre to bq insert? in the ground?after" which they are read; for use. We have no'doubt the advantage r>t* this mode of preparation will mote thai ~~ I I \ ? remunerate for labor and expense. Ou reasons for this belief are briefly as follows The sap of all non-resinous trees, will fei ment in the presence of heat and moisture and cause the decay of the woo'd. To pre mit this natural consequence, the first ob ject should be, when a tree is felled, to exp sup from the pores of the wood. ThisH done by peeling, splitting, sawing or hewing and oxposingthe wood to the drying influenc of the sun, or at least of the air- The pre cess is facilitated too by immersing the woo in water for a time, which liquifies the saj and favors its expulsion. And when th # * * , <" r moisture has been expelled, the next object 1 > is to keep it out, by paint, tar or charring, i [ In the mode rcccommended above, the mou- I , turc is expelled by the peeling, sawing and i t summer drying, and its return is prevented 1 , bv the coating of t,ir. The retention of the < . bark upon the timber is particularly prejudi- j . cia!, not only in preventing evaporation, but < ; alfording shelter to various species of the < borer, which, binder its cover, carry on its 1 t depredations upon the timber. We have < i -seen pine logs nearly destroyed in a summer ] t by worms, where the bark had been left on, ! while those which had been peeled remained i , uninjured. The best timber is* obtained i t* from trees which have stood a summer, or a s year, after they have been gird led and peel- I . ed.?nic/livalor. ! tVn n*o fnl/l Kir n cnnclliln nnrl ovilOrlltllfiGd 1 " VU1V iviu \*J U iH/IIJIUIU U1.U * planter that a log or post which has never (l been split or hewn will Jas? much longer ^ when exposed to the weathe/than 0110 that I has. The splitting or hewing divides the j hard rings of wood called Qui grain, and lets' r in the water, which causes the timber to rot. . Oh that account the ends of a round.log of ' * * * ? ,j -< . . wood exposed t<f the weather -arc the first r parts to rot.?Ed. Cin Gaz. ? . * ^ j From the Southern Agriculturist. . Com Husks for Beds. r "As soon as the husks of Indian corn are . fully ripe, theyshould be gatherechvhen they , are dry in a clear air., .The outer hard r husks arc to be rejected, and the softer inner ; ones to be fully drietf in the-shade. Cutoff r the hard end formerly attached to the cob, , and draw the huslc "through a hutcheJ, or 1 suitably diyide it with a coarse comb. Tl^ ; article is then' fit to use, and may be put into an entire sack as straw is, or be formed into a matrass, as prepared--hair is. Any upholster can do the work. This material is . _i ?i ? SWUCl) jnt'uauui mm uuiuumi From the bottom of our hearts, how we [ do wish, that our up-Couutry tavern keepers ' to a man?yea, to a woman, too, would pro fit liy this hint. Those 'ofour readers who i have been near smotherinVof a hot sum * # mers night in the downy softness of their > feather beds, should deem jt a duty to circu? late the above information. Cold and shiv} -eriiig as wo have been of this blustering * December day?we are absolutely in a perf spntrtion at the bare recollection of one night spent in Greenville two summers since, with i ?'! :?<* rrooco fpntl>^v3 tn rest JIUUHIIq WUiw H??U jjV-wu ?w~.. ? 1 upon?geese feathers in August?Oh ye 5 people of Greenville!?Ed. So. Ag. 3 We learn from an 'experienced houseJ koepcr, thtft boiling tlw husks greatly imr proves tliem as a material for mattresses, i Ed. Cher. Gaz. s From Selections of the Southern Agriculturist. Sunshine and Shade. r A manufacturer of carniino who was * aWare of the superiority of the French color, went to Lyons for the purpose of improving his process; and bargained with the? most * celebrated manufacturer in that city for the t acquisition of his secret, for which ho was * to pay ?1000. He was shown all the pro1 cess, ar^suw a beautiful color produced ; 1 but he found not the feast difference between ? the French mode of fabrication, and that * which had been constantly adopted by him self. Hq appealed to his instructor, and ? insisted that he must have concealed somer thing. The man assured hip) he had not, 1 and invited him to see the process a second > time. He minutely examined the water and 7 the materials, which were in every respect * similar to his own; and then very much r surprised "said, " 1 have lost my labor ana i my money, for the air of England does n6t 1 permit us to make good carmine." " Stay," 1 said the Frenchman, " don't deceive your? setf?what kind of weather is it now?" t " A bright sunny day," replied tho English man. " And such arc the days," said the . r Frenchman, " on which I make my color. 5 Were I to attempt to manufacture it on a ? .dark cloudy day, my results would be tho 3 same as yours: let me advise you, my friend, always to make carniine on bright sunny 1 days." I will," rejoined the Englishman, ^ il but I fear I shall make very little in Lon3 don."?Sir'H. Davy. Chemistry applied to Agriculture.?It is f stated that the celebrated chemist Lavoisier 3 cultivated 240 acres of land in La Vendee 5 onchemical prindpes, in order to set a good 5 example to the farmers. His mode of culr ture was attended with so much success, that his crops amounted to a third more r thaathose which were produced by the usual methnd ? and in nine vcars his annual pro dhxfwas doubled. Yet the generality of our yeomaniy would as soon think ofstudy. ing Hebrew, as the elementary principles of 2 chemistry.?Gibbon's Adv. of Sci. D _ " Abstract of the Proceedings of the J Twenty-Fourth Congress* .First Ses? i, , Hioii. j ' - SENATE. ; Thursday, January 7,1836. ^ Abolition of Slavery in the District of s Colombia. a Mr. Morris presented two petitions from r Ohio, praying for the abolition of slavery in : the-District of Columbia. Mr. Calhoun demanded that the petitions b should be read. ! The Secretary having read the petitions? >- Mr. Calhoun demanded the question on il receiving them; which was a preliminary s question, which any member had a right to make. He demanded it, on behalf of the e State which he represented; he demanded >- it, because the petitions were in themselves d a foul slander on nearly one-half of the ), States of the "Union; he demanded it, bee | cau^e the question involved was one over - & ' . which' neither this nor the other House had la my power whatever; and that a stop might tr be put to that* agitation which prevailed in ti so large a section of the country; and lc which, unless checked, would endanger the r< existence of the Union. That the petitions h tust read contained a gross, false, and ma!i- o oious slander on eleven States represented tl on this floor, there was no roan who in his c heart could deny. This was, in itself, not c only good, but the highest cause why these f] petitions should not be received. Had it not tl been the practice of the Senate to reject petitions wiiich reflected on any individual ti member of their body; and should they 11 who were the representatives of sovereign d States, permit petitions to be brought there, 8 wiUully,maliciously, k most wickedly, slan. v dering so many sovereign States of this ^ Union ? Were the States to be less pro- 1 tooted than individual members on that floor ? c He1 demanded the question on receiving the 1 petitions, because they asked for what^vas 1 a violation of the Constitution. The ques-' * Hon of emancipation exclusively belonged 1 to the several States. Congress had no 5 jurisdiction on tiie subject; no more in this r District than in the State of South Carolina: * it was a question for the individual States to { de'termine, and not to be touched by Congress. He himself well understood; and 1 the people of his State should understand, 1 that this was an emancipation movement. 1 Those who have moved. in it regard this District as the weak point, llirough which 1 the first movement should he made upon J the States. We (said Mr. C.) of the South 1 are bound to resist it. We will meet this 1 question as firmly ns if.it were the direct 1 orviari/>innfirt?i in fhp SfatfS. It ' l|UUdllUU V/t VIIIIH1V>|?W^IUI< ?- ?y _ _ is a movement which .ought to,, which must be arrested, in Ibnbie, or the guards of the * Constitution will give.way and be destrty?d?, He demanded, the question on rec^viri?'the; peti^ns, because of the agitation which 1 would result from discussing the subject;? The danger to be apprehended was fr.pm. the agitation of the question on that floor.* lie' did not fear those inceijdiary publications which were circulated abroad,^ and which could easily be counteracted. Bat he dreaded , the agitation which would arise out of the. discussion in Congress, on thasubjeet. Every man knew that tficr^ existed a body of men in the Northern States who*\ycre ready to "second any insurrectionary moyement of the blacks; and that these men w$uld be on' the alert to turn fhese discussions to their advantage. He dieaded the discussion in another sense. * Tt would have a tendency ? ' * rr tttl.4 to break asunacr mis union. v? iwi cuwi would be broughnabout by the interference of these petitioners ? Could they expect.to produce a change of mind in the Southern people? No, the effect would be directly the opposite. The more they were assail-' ed on this point, the more closely would they cling to their institutions. And what would be the effect on the rising generation, but to inspire it with odium against those whose mistaken views and misdirected zeal menaced the peace and security of the Southern States. The effect must be to bring ourinstitutions into odium. : As a lover of the Union, he dreaded this discussion, and u$Jfr? ed for some decided measure to arrest the1 course of the evil. There must, there shall be some decided step, or the Southern pco. pie never will submit. And how are wc to treat the subject ? By receiving these petitions, one after another, and thus tampering, trifling, sporting with tho feelings of the South? No, no, no! Tlje abolitionists well understand the eifec^of such a course of proceeding. It will give importance to. their movements, and- accelerate the ends they propose. .Nothing Can, nothing will, stop these petitions but a-prompt and stern rejection of them. Wc must turn them away from our doors, regardless of what may be done or said. If the issue must be* let it come, and let us meet it, as, I hope, we shall be prepared to do. Mr. Morris made a few remarks; the substance of which was, that Congress have no power to raeddlo iifhny way with slavO- ' ry in the States | but that in the District" of Columbia it has primaiy and.exclusive power of legislation, and may therefore under the Constitution regulate or abolish slavery in that District. Mr. Hill moved to lay "the tvhole subject on the table, but afterwards withdrew tlife. | motion, lest such a motion might be deemed equivalent to a rejection of tlie petitiorh Mr. Porter; of Louisiani, next addressed tlic Chair in a speech of. some length. He alluded to the former practice in both Hoa ses of rotating petitions on tnis stiojeci w a committee, and thus letting them He would he willing to continue this pr&c* tice, if the disturbers of the peace of the country would learn a lesson to discontinue their incendiary petitions, but so far from this they are becoming more and mom bold. It was evident that they now believed w& are afraid to meet this question. They must be undeceived; They must be taught ' at once that on this subject-ifrc are determined neither to talie nor give quarter. < He did not suppose that that any decla-- < ration of Congress tVo.ukl stop the wicked men who provoked these movements; but 1 he thought it might have a good effect upon ' the honest but misguided persons who were^ j their dupes and instruments. A clear, decided expression of the determination, 6h this subject, of the National Legislature, he could not help thinking, would liave a most beneficial influence. o He admitted the fight of petition, but "he at the same time maintained that Congress has the right to determine for itself how the petitions are to be treated. . Mr. Preston followed Mr. Porter. The' following is his speech as reported in the National Intelligencer. I must confess that I, am somewhat surprised at the introduction of petitions of this character, after the occurrences of the ist summci^whicb^nustm^ lade the Southern people extremely sensi- ^ ve on this subject. I am aware that simiur petitions have been presented, and refersd to the Comniittee for the District of Co* imbia, and, as was stated by the chairman ^ f that committee two years ago, without ic chance o f promoting any action of thatv ommittee. To use his language, "the * jjg ommittee room was to them the lion's den, rom which there were no footprints to mark M heir return." But, sir, this course is not the proper oner o pursue now. There is in it neither jusice nor expediency. We have a right to lemoad that some other remedy should D9 applied; and we do demand ii When I onsider the extraordinary excitement which ?'? ..imMa . las been produced tbrougnoui we CUuau^f he combustible material, in the shape of wendiary pamphlets, which, has been accunulaled and spread abroad; the vast majtv ude3 which have assembled; the apostles vho have addressed them; their acts and heir menaces; though I am but Httle cfepo;ed to allude to thorn* yd a regard to the hoior and interests of the South calls upon mo o do so, and that, too, in language which ihe has a right to expect and demand* Sir, the Southern mind has been already filled with agitation and alarm. Their property, their domestic relations, fheiraftwfc, :heir lives are in danger; and, as if this ivere not sufficient, wo have now these agflators and incendiaries calling upon CtiOr gross to act upon the slavehokfing States, either directly or indirectly, through tbo-meJium of this District;. And are we, sir, .16 sit still and seo it? Are wo-do ow ri^fits and privileges uponf An upon wlrich the" p<5rmanei^*ndiectofyof our prosperity depends assaiied by jbeae blood-thirsty fanatics, and Government cafl-. rtd unnrv. fo narticioato in tho wantmf and' malicious movement; with At'lifting &haod, without raising a voice, without acUng^HT. due regard to the honor, dignity, and- happi. hes& of our coastituente offlBo upon ue> Ip Act?. .? ^ Sir, I,' for one, do not &ar the action Government. There exists no right, ejlw* in law, m tho Constitution, or in mortAkjot such action f and if there did, th&nk God ? the physical power ts still wanting. W? arc prepared for resistance; and we shall resist with all the means that Godand.nature have placed at our disposal. Our termination is firm and stead&st, aag wra* not to bc;concealed or misunderstood.' me, therefore implore and conjure tb& SGLate to manifest at once, and without delay, their friendship and" fidelity to tbeCbtistttjftioh and the Union of the States.' Let me conjure and implore them to Iook at the blessings which these corrupt and unprincipled men arc laboring to destroy. ^ L? the.be- J seech them to weigh well the^consmubtMs which ^will -follow tbe: success of their itfad aad<misguided efTorts-^insuriecUon hellion ! A servile, not a civil wart r& upon women and children! ^A-war-jw spares no sex, respects go aga prtie$S? tats to "flame and bloodf and vina wwus wim a 100 ai ouce vavvgv, bfoody,andremorseless. , jjj "; There is Another important truth, whidi we would urge upon your tsonskJertdi^ii,? VVe demand peace aneT repose, . quire you to say, in language expres/tWMdistinct, that this Government neith^H^ * nor can interfere with the cons$ftdticn!tiL. rights of the slaveholder.We raise a barrier between us and these headed and e<?ld-hearted men, women, end ?s i 'ij r-rr ? 1 t a? a .-i ? children. Wemay-wety calends iqqyn,sir, I am confident, that (fie virtue andjteN riottspi of .the Senate will lead thctri to. do both the one and the other. In a country free as this, thank God, the feoatioaVcafii, the Quixotic feeling, the cheap diarjtyj'the interfere'dwidi by ^onjpress. v But, sir, on the great question: here at issue, Congress can interpose, decidedly, dis fn/l' eniiA ' .Qkn Ann o4ni/ IJUVUJI tM?u Hi VIIVIM wy ww(.u^ pefatc efforts of these stirrers up- of Wood, shed and. murder. She can inteipose the shield, not merely, of reason and argument, but. of the Constitution and the hf$ * She can send back the repreec^jwet of the South-and West, to^aay to her. constituents that she w^n she will be ho agent of this palUy qOt*o^to; f which cannot bo cOTtcmpJafef ^ the most callous without emotions at oh?'paQQ and overwhelming. , Sir, I fear that tmless thi* wifcne^-m^ets the plans and operations of theabolitienhfls are/thfis put down?-unless Government stands as an impassable barrier betwoesrns and them?unless some {nromptn^ h^lQ^e. ; diate action is had?I fear, I- say, sb\7that no adequate conception cash bo formed of the tremendous consequences which will follow. I wish not toanenaee or thieaten. I "speak froip- the deepest, fullest, firmest conviction. We exist under & necessity which cannot be touched or tampcredjvitK - ; (^property and fives may be in jeopardy; ijput the crisis come, and no (cefhag of the heart, nor ratiocination of the bead, can bold this Union-together for a single moment. Why not, then, ear, act in this exigency as we ask you to act? Why not silence in this hell, at once and forever, these enemies of our peace? Why not, as friends of liberty and union, drive from your doors whatever is Kkely to jeopard either, and enable us to approachthe necessary business of the coubny^-the conscientious discharge of our duty-^withr rmudsead heaits uuframmcHed and undisturbed* Sir^vo arc obliged to-ac*in this matter: we have been compeHedio do so by an imperious sense of dbfy. We abhor the idea of miningut up wit h -^party?of wiakinji: , > r': *' -* - r"l