University of South Carolina Libraries
By D. W. SIMS, state printer. COLUMBIA, 8. C. APRIL 17, 1829. - ? . ? . , l ? ^-UtptL Vol. XV?JNo. 16. *.* *. v . 5 y, jr k'Tr "*T )Mr) jJIN'T ?:> i. . FCBUSHEO EVER* FRIDAY MORMKO. TEKMX?Tkrit MUrt j>tr aim mm, in , or hllr Dollar, payuOU mi Ihttnd thtptar. MDVPRTt9EMRMT$i*ttrit4 ml Ml mwl ra/er i JLook at I hit, ?^Hire Mibwibfr liifm hi t Idt frb-nda and the * JL public that ba ha? again commnneed Ilia tailoring txutatM] ha foliar* Hlm?alf from I.I. al I tantloo to liorfnawand ? l? plca*o tbat hr *111 raedira a share erf lb* ptrfilie patronage. lb Mill cut ami Mika fur ?h? following ca>b pri- 1 Cloth Coaw, 17 00 . Do yaniuloon*, 1 #0 Po VMlk. . ' lfiO. Thin Co?|?. - 4 00 " i '? at ? tV? | ?g ? IbO public (hat ba rtill cartir. on lli>' M.ifctn^ Imsine*, ?! bit old t land, nnn door al<oVf Mr. l aaimrr'*, wb< n ba will be clad In it (and to ?U eolU > WILLIAM BKARP April |0. 1829. 15 tf Columbia Female Academy. Tlltf Spring I'erm of llin C?i1uint>Jit hunnlr Arndciny, commence* on Monday thn ftih dny ?>| Annl The folio* in; ii tbo e?ur?r ofitmly adnpted lit till* soinlnnrv (lending, Writing, Arithmetic, Knglitli (inimiiur with Muiray'a K*er?i?es. Ancient ami Mndt-rn Urngni|ihy w ith Linear Drawing, ? iiUtury of Hie Untied States, H^tory of England, Dlnkt S Natural rbilowjiliy accompanied with eincriinvntt, Wilkin*' Adrnnomy , Rhetoric, U?l<l?mHli'? hiitoiy of tlm-Cf and llnm*, L<slr, Moral Ptiil<>?oplty, T) tier's Element*, Bolanv and Chemistry. Tim l?*tin, branch, and Italian lnti-unge?, era a|?n taught , flreat rvytird will b? had for tho health and e?mfnrt of the pupil* a* well n? for their moral imptovemenl. Parent* and GnardUm nrn invited in vlilt the aehonl at all linn s during the lw??r* of ntudy, to obwerv* tho dlicipliuo an J hear tho rccitatiuii* of tbe *oliolnra April 2, 1820. I*>tf Stop the Runaway ft. KAKAWAY from nte iie.ir Sumlpiivilli?, Wn-.li in/tuir count v, fJ.nrgln, on tint '.Till Mnrrli my negro fallow (11. AStiOVV, nti.iut 42 or 43 > enrii ?ld, dark eomnlejlo.,, mint ?i.*, wi,L N ,rar on hi? ?m??r lip I believe ; very likely, una over the .!?? nf u- i.1 ' 1 * with him ? yonlhhy tlm inmu ol l'r*deile.k I) it", on, but ?l*ee they left nty hotwo tb?*y go by vari 4) lit iMrt?ee. I liaard n( llirin On Friday I hp Cfltli Marclt, itfi?r Cambridge, in South Carnlinn The negfri f?*llo vv wu hiwl nenr Wlnd?or, In Berlin N?>rtb rwrulln*. I *?pecl lie will endeavor to k?I bark to where he Mm ruined, t know not whit: roiite they will lake from Cambridge Any per son who will deliver the mIiI negro t?? me, or tr eat* him *o that I can Ret him, ihnM !??? liberally t? warded. WILKY W CUMINS M'irch 30, 18:9. Ui 31 Bacon end Lu(d. A* VKIlY nliuie* lot of tixiil Hum*, Mid dlings, Sl'<?nld?*ri, ctirrd iu (ItM ?iic?-kl manner, froui. Vituinl* Mogi. Tho?n wlio until tlirm f?r family m? will do w?ll ??> < ixniiiw Hum. Al*>, ? lew kcc? IkjsI Lnrd. For ?n!r l?v B.W L A. S. JOHNSTON. April 10. 15 :* Piatt Spring Academy. riTIIS i<i?tilMtioii will li?? continued t<>r He rn J. ymrundt-r t1iedir?*i.lMMi of Mr ISAAC II. SMITH, n Bradnaln of f*i<ulli Carolina CoUes*. Tlio enure* nl tliidv will uirti n? to ify ?tudimtt fur adiniuioninlo tlio Junior Clmi 4o. C?. C?dli*j?? 1 1n* Principal will *ernmnn>il?ir nlimilmt nnrn h<*r nl ?tud< nt? in hW own family nl lixi dollar* pur Hnnutn, or 26 dollar* per quarter, including wattling. RATF.S OF Tl ITION. For onr ipinrltr in llin r|a*?iral ?l? -parimrnt 5J> On** do In llm l'.oi(li?li do rt Nnalndont ndtnillrdfor a li*#*lrrm limn | or. Ih*n V. :.J it To Carpenter ?. PROPOSAL* will Im icrrlved, until th?. f?r?t of May or*!, hy ritln*r of lhr> >ntaciil<?rs iroui any car ponlt r walling lo undritake to l-iil.l n Church in f<oAgiofrM(FairiUld diMtirt, nr nr A l?. Join ?' Mimmir irlrrat. *|W dimt okion* arc foity |.y twenty five frri ?piair, lo*irl?*rn frrt pl'cli, Willi * ??llrr) ?i^ foii'li'i'ii Iri-l In on?* mil Tin* lemwr iorfililird un fli? ?| <>'. all carrpt <hn lira yy luuibrr ? **y.*iil?, plnio?, and ?ln*|i?r?. whlnlt lh? contractor nnol luir--li.iulinf( anil lira* lor nUlird liy llin romnoltra 'I In- ?ul>M-ritjrr? will attrmlatA l> Jon? t'? wimno r rrlrral on Friday tba llrft of May u??t,lo rf?ntr?ri ?iili lli?* p^in.n ofrriliV In do thn ?<>rk on ?!'?? I" I term* A ll.Jd.NP, V I'. IIOIStNMON, JOIIX NKI.H0N. KIIIKI.xM> II Min??ON, JUSF.PII MICKI.K, liuhhnz C,,..-, Apr!' If, IH2U. I/, u ImmIh for ,Sti(c. F1 flK ?nl?ie?H?fr- rllVri lltHr l.nn,;? l?? j| I) inn in .Nnvtn rty t'i.trkl.nmt on I it** ?<>oi|. ?id<* ?*l fcn.?r?r rlvwr, and on Im.Mi ?i.|ii of Pn. r*n'? Cr*? k, Including f<?rk ?>f ?nM (>?< ? n ? Hiv?;r. ?uniiin< itp?ai<l Creek lorn miln moi ? Mini I) i?K on Imili ol lite < li?rl<<?iiin It ?? > fratlm .* Ii"m ( K?yi lo Iliill *, eonl'tiniur at om fouil*"" lnin>'rrd AcM?-ohi< tinnUri d an. Uny acrf*' of low Rrotiml* on rnul Ci(>r!t nm H,vn ? ?4id l,n info in" will w Mri fi*. <?? any ? lion nl ll ?* rminir) , ami iU ?nH ?iMal-tf lotto* |?, ? dot Hop of any pt> ikirc r?i??d In nny olltrr p<>. thr |ti?trirt wiinlism H.ml IhinU can l>a i ? I ?? very r?iHo,??lilf Vrnn V "l iplyinjr to (hi* mini timwho livi? on thr pr.*ini#f?. flir a!'<# |.n ran Iw dit alert ir.ln ?p rntr Irart* l'? ??!?* pn-- ' Mr . mi. i, i \m l. ii VMM, K I'l l h Aj^il 10, f *K'J 16 UA 7b for 7b/.? Deacon A. ia a merchant; does a considerable bntlneti; much reject ed ki nn honnt man becnttt* he Is n deacon, and look* as serious and dejected at If he did not care n pin for all this world la worth. Farmer G. came into hi* store the other day ?it was a cold one? to trade off a few bush eta of wheat, which ia vcrjr hiith lust at this time. The bargain was conclude:), aod the farmer waa to take his pay in salt. The store floor Is aa elastic as soms men's con* sciences, the bag?o| wheat were brought in, nod the measuring ot their contents com menced. Alt at onee the deacon's feet were insufferably cold. As the grain was emptied into the measure the deacon stam ped violently r round it} to wnrm his feet. The poor farmer could not complain that the honest deacon should wish to promote circulation andcet his feet wnim but hisgrnin settled perceptibly every stamp fioai the deacon's feet, ami the six bushels lie brought to market held out but five and a half on a second measurement Old farmers sometimes "know a thing or two.'* Mr G. said nothing but proceeded to the measurement of the salt | that he was to receive in pay for his wheat. T'jc deacon's feet had got warm by this time; he was an light * on the fantastic toe' as If he were walking on eggs. Not w with the iarmer. As the salt began to run Into the ha)M>ushel, hit feet were suddenly seix* rd with thn cobl. Ucing a heavy rustic he (?tamped vehemently. Tut, tut, says the deacon, * youi jumping shakes down the s-dt too much I' ? Not mnr ? than your* shook down my wheat, I guess,' said the farmer. When the business was completed, tuerc was about nn even trade between dea con A. and farmer G. Verily, |u?tice ia sometimes done in the earth.? Cardfiur Int. I SPEECH OF MR. MITCHELL, Of South Carolina, on the Cumberland road bill, delivered in the Houte of liefiretrn tativea, 1'ebruary 16, I 29. The amendment cf Mr. BUCHANAN, which |irpim*c* to cede the Itnnd t<? the , Stated in which it Iks, biing under con?id crotiou? Mr. MITCHELL msc nud said? Mr. Kpkakf.r: The irreat lfn?tl? nt ???!? 1 (liHciiskion must li:ivc cxliauitnl your pa tience, nnd renders it neressary tlmt I should apologise fur the further tax which I nm 1 about to impose. I assure' you tlmt I make I the Attempt with unfeigned reluctancc. I do not speak with the hope ot making n con vert: for, on a subject so frequently discus Wl Mill *> jiroloumlly examined, who hits the sake of exhibition: for, talent* infinitely , superior to rniue, could give neither novelty nor ornament to a theme no threadbare.? Hut, I speak at the peremptory instance of my constituent*, who consider the power involved in the amendment, ns unconstitu tional. nnd fatal to their liberties; and$l?im it as their privilege to protest and renuai strnte against the exercise rf it by you. In a aerie* of resolutions submitted ny their Legislature to this House, at the la*t session and suggested by them, yon arc culled on, in the semi ami impassioned language ol freemen, ;o retrace your steps? to abandon Maf*hic.li you cannot justly hold? and to re lieve their minds from those gloomy forebo ding to which the as?umptlnn of thin power naturally gives ri?c. In obedience tot heir will I ?li! II, therefore, at btiefly a* possible, pre sent their views. What, sir, does this amendment propose? Why, that this Government should cede, upon certain renditions, to the States of Vir ginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, any /irofirrly wlilch it has in the Cumberland Head. And the important question which here suggests itself is whether this Govern ment has any property in the road? for, if it has nor, the amendment will of course fall I to the ground. It', sir, we have any jfroper i ty in this road, it must be derived ft om one I of two sources! either from the prnnt of those States made by acts of their Legist v [ lures, ??r bv a power given tons by the Con stitution to make roadr. Now, sir, if we [examine t lit* act of congress under which i this Cumberland Koad was made, and com pare it with the corresponding acts of Mary [land, Virginia, mid Pennsylvania, we will be i ! convinced that it was neither the intention | ' of Congress to obtain, nor the intention of the i 'States to grant, any interest In the road.? 'The ar*. of Congress simply requires the I President to adopt tlie mo*t effectual means to obtain toe consent of those States, that he slieuM " cause the road to l?e laid ? ut and complete! within their respective territo ries." N" ce?sioti ?.f sovereignty over the soil, nor proprietary interest in it, was de manded by trie Government ? the mily boon which'it sought was simply an authority to make the road within their jurisdictions. ? A rood leading from ?hc Atlantic to the wn tersofthe Mississippi was considered an ob ject of great national importance?it would promote the personal convenience of the peo I pic? it ?*? ii'?l i;a e l ine to ?? profitable font merre betu ecu the Kast and the West? and ibove ail, it waild perpetuate the anion ?? f the States. C?? -|'ie*s thought it would be ??nil iitrcnnii'i 1?>r iliei'i t<j inoic thr roa<f, a* t 'i?- inter* **s >if t be 'st?ii? ?. tti<l e t hem 'o keep it in v* .? ir. T'k net ot Mart lam1, j n Answer ??> t'u> ippiie.ttii n, is expressed J with the iu> st etiTiimspei t precision. Ii ?? simply Hutb?<riz? s" the l'io?ident t? c iihe he said road " be bud ?ut, ?*pened, and nproved, in stub wav .'fd manner as b> <e before recited nit of f ortress is required ml directed." N< thin.; more is here gram ? l*o Congress than i bue naked stu*ii??ri'* 1 \ oyt nnd make the to id. 'I he ,c? i '? nnsylvania is, if p??s*iUle, m >re f?nelu?i? ? 'his effect. I he tit ? of that act is, "m .ct authorising tite l*r?- -Ideal to o/irn a routi III mug It that part of this '4?aic Ij iog betwevi 'Cumberland, in the Bute of Maryland, and I the Ohio river." The flint section authori se* the " President to cause so much of the said rond as will be within the State to be opened* so far as it may be necessary the said mid should pass through this ffrate.*'? ? And to prove that Pennsylvania did not con sider the grant of this authority ns involving any interest in the land, a second section is MihloiiMNt- ' Mlhjoi land ti m?? annii, ? Kvonu scctton Is oincd, giving a right 0/ entry on the ....... tn the Commissioner* appointed by the President to lay out the rona. Why grant a tight of > ntry to the Commissioners, if the had ceded to the United States either a sov ereign jurisdiction oxer the soil, or im Inter csvnf any description in It. The most pre carious nod limited citato in lands? a mere tennnev-at will? carries with it a right of en try. \Vc cannot atn il>ute so much ignorance ?so much folly, to an assembly so distin guished for its wisdom as the Legislature of Pennsylvania, tosuppo-o for a moment, that in one section she should have cedcd an ( interest in the lands, and in the next she should have granted n right of entry. In further support of this construction of these net*, 1 < ffer the political onhdotu of Mr. Jefferson, who functioned the acl of Congress. No mnn w?t more delicate with regard to tlir soil, nor inorc devoted to the sovereignty of the States, than this immor tal patriot. Had he obtained an interest in the soil from thoae Stater., it would have been in opposition to the principles by Mrhich he had heen elevated to the Chief Magistra cy, and for the preservation of which lie had sacriflccd his scat in the Cabinet of Presi dent Washington. To go as far as he did? to appropriate monry to make the road was a fundamental error, which can he ex plained only by supposing that hid imagina tion misled his judgment? that, convinced of ???c hcitmiiv ni mucii n rominuiiicntioii be tween the hast nnd t lie Went, ami d:?xzled with its brilliant ml vantages, hcdhlnotex amine with sulliciciit coolucwthe ex. art ten* dency of the measure with regard to the Constitution. But we nil hnvcto dfplorc this en or. It | 1 ha* given ri*c to a new theory, Mndrr which in a subsequent Administration, (thnt <-f Mr. I Monroe) million!* have been lavishel f. r no 'other purpose than to purchase nsuirim; men [ or conciliate adverse strlion*. Mr. Monroe afraid to abandon the doctrine that vc have no constitutional power to ntnkc foadi. lest he should dUafleit the party by .which he had been su ported, and. .?t (he Mine lime, anxious to meet the views and ptpotou- the interests of Ins sdvrrn .ries took udvaita^c of ; this error of Mr JtftVrsnn, to ctU6h*h a new ennstruetion on thin subject, mjiich in | power. Professing the greatest renpect tor the wivcreiirnty <?! the States, awl the *a erediic?snf their soil, the United Statei My* he, hu? no power under tlie Constitution to make internal improvement*: I will wmc tion no ait of that kind? -hut they can appro priate money in any amount to ttirh under takings provided they he ot u national char acter. Now thin is In every respect cJcrcp I*?on.dde. If we .approprin'tu money to the const ?ui't ion of a road, ?e certainly should have a control over ii ; we should have the! power to CKtHl>l?i?h toll giteii, to keep it in re* ' pair, nnd of inflicting penalties fi r injuries done to it. IJmlcr tli iik constitu tion, ?ho?c immense survey* of routes of roads and en nuis Iinve been made, and works ol' this kind projected, which, if they were undertaken, will cost the People thoimnds of million* of dollnri? and if not undertaken, will be mill Ion* thrown away in employing our engineer* in idle peregrination* from one part of the Union to another. It has been used an nn engine of vile and corrupt clcctioneei ing. To conciliate a section, the Administration has no more to do than to {.?>? off a road or canal in it( and ?i powerful party is immediately formed in it* sunpott. 'I'he whole commu nity it benefitted by it, those who undertake contractu for executing the work; those who are emplojcd on it rs lalwrers; shopkeepers and farmer*. who suppl) them; in fart, it it showering on thetn mi much unexpected gold, which ull ?i rumble for, nnd all gut a | part of. Finally, Mr. Speaker, if ihc construction I which I linve put on these nets of Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania he not correct, I nil l.inj',uit?? h unintelligible, and laws nre ' not guide* to ?!i? ect, hut fid so light* to de ceive and contuse u*. Ihit admitting that the arts of these Stater* do convey an Interest in the lands to the United States, they lire invalid, whether yon i consider tliMii as Independent sovereigns and I subject to those hiivx, which are common to jail sovereigns, or n* members of thit Confed eracy, whose power* mid rights an- created distributed, nod defined by the Count itut ion. Vuttel lays It down ns:? maxim, that no sove reign can transfer any poitioii of public pro perty, or of the possession* ?.f n community nndei its right of eminent domain, hut fro.n nrrrsiitu, in, f? ?r tlir fiubhc infrlir. This i? in fact, almost denying the right to pnrt \otli the eminent domain under any imurnstan cos. For it can hardly lie saidtha'. we hav? r'ght to do an act, hecrttiwe h may he ex tor ted from us, whn h we are eompelled to do, from the irrenxtiWe o?ernti?m of necessity or the pnMj ? mdeiy. in this instance, if tin State* had conveyed their land to the Unite* States, it would have hcen merely ?>u n prin ??ipie of pecuniary advantage, to he relies ei ftom the expense of making nrnml, fron which incalculable benefits were expecte? to iciiult: and t hi* would not amount t? ei titer of the exigencies which, according t Vuttel, will pistify the trnnsfcr. Hut considering the States a* they ough t<> I e considered, members of the cont'edern ? v, the transfer of the land was also invalic tkhe Staten .?r? rest ruined from conveying t I tiie United State*, any portion of their terri i i?ry, hut l*iv two purposes ? either m it ?ei of national legislation, or ai sites for fort*, uncoil*, dockyard*, flee. in the irst they ?re limited by the clause In the qtiantHy to be transferred. Tbcy can convey no more than ten mllek square. In the second, they are limited by the nature of the objects, as forts and other work* of defence can ocupy bet a very small sutlnce. Had the Sta'es retained the )>?wer to convey their land* to I tfie United States for roads* It surelv would not have been nccetsarv to i?**r* tuu juMHK, as tnc transfers of Unds provided for by itiareforpurposciofiMich higher impor tance, nay, or nb.Milute necessity. They who had an Inherent right to convey lands to the United Stut?-a for commercial roads, would Nurcly have the right, without the authority of the Constitution, totonvy It for purpo scs Infinitely mnre important ? for national legis lation or the common defence. If the Legis lature nf a State can convey to tho United one foot of land for other purposes than those prescribed in the Constitution, it can convey j the whole of its territory. But in it not mon strous to Mippotc, that the cxUtcnce of a State ahould have been left dependent on the will of so small n body as it Legislature? Does this agree with that jenlousy of power which the people of this country evinced in the formation and adaption of tno Constitu tion? Does it agree with that distrust which thev continually manifest towards th-dr wr hoc* it a^recc with thnt good *cn*e ami foresight l??r which they liuvc ever been diitinguished. No principle ill politic!! or moral* can lie safely adopted, which lend* direct I) to an absurdity. It i? clear, therefore, that wt can find nothing in thc?c to warrant the conclusion that any val id interest In tl*e Cumberland road hat* been ceded to Congress, hy the Btntet of Mai') - land, Virgiiii.t, and l'ennnvlvania. | If. Hun, wc linva nny tr.ujtfcrnUc iiit?rc?t in the toil. If we havo way |>r?ip?rty in iht* ri-ad which wo run cede t? (lio it mu,t ?r i?>* nut of h general power il?!*-?iitr<t to u? l?) the ?:?u?u tution to make ro?U? I ilinll vary luufly ?ti?te the Icmlin,; nnfttmrntf in Invor of tin* gram of (nnrrr, iiinl in brn ll v my ot.jrijiion* to tlt<*m. Til* jir??riit Verr#' ;iry o( Mn'.e, f 'Jr. Clay.) i? tlto only nuii of eminent uMlitir* who eoiindcrt tin* rijC'H niuUe ruml# ft expre??iy ?!#*l ?>jf?it?*?l ti? t "on liy Ilic rn^llliil'iiu. 1 1 ?? ?iitirnu that it if cjcjircfly grunted i? timl el.i'j'O in Hliinh wc nre n in hor i ? <>i 1 (o n?t?l>ii<!l i>o?t n.licci ninl |h>M ro.uU " I |p <ny? " the ? !?<?:?? <juc ?tio? ?? thi* i>nrt <?( the ml'jt rt turn* u;>oii tii<' iitic iiicanui? u( i?ii? chill o, mid '.hut Mi?niit (1)111.1 tlm ?r>otinti* i.^tnU u lian of the word ula< j/i. Acu>?rdhiic to my nit der ?t.ii'iii'H of ll, it* i:uiiiitnt? ii to jix ? 1<% intiLr firm-- '?* Admittim: t lti? t*? t>o trne.neitli rr t!ic?i* word* coitvtT' the k!i ii ol m.ilf. when *PP' ifil lit rtiud/. It would not m ro?.l ironi one of 9-' a road b* too H>ft uml ralry. jr??? miijr make tt firm, l>ut then- you tuppoar the road alreudy mad* : mi you may fix * cute or huild ? lion-o on m road? the>e. aim, ?uppo*a Iho road In l>e in esutrnce If tliTefnre. I ho word *ttnbh?K ho fynonittiom with each of (hfre word/, it would not advance Ihtt ' tcteluiy a [H>g in hiaargunimMur neither of them ciiavry) Ihi* hIm of make. Hut ttl'thlid i i? not ryiiouimoui with either of thcae word*. I<ir if y?tt mUtitule it for cither tlio ??ulmve will t<c D?n ?en?e. ?? He ettablohed n home in tliomtyof Wnihington last aummrr"? would you tuppofe me lo ?ay ?* that ha hud limit a liou*? there 5" Ho filled up that quagmire with tlonet and e?lalilithed it, would you uiftl?rttand me to ?ny that ho had made it Ann Or that |>itinre It Mt*lilitb< il ta, or on, tha wall, could I mean that the picture w*? fixed loth* wail.' lor the whore definition of the word rUnhllih, Mr. <!lay qaotr? the lUctiouarie*. Hut I hey ur? ?Uroly not the Ui}sh??t authorities for the ?t?iiiflr.? (ion of word*. ami ?ri?ntifla writer*, t?nd ordinary couveitalion. ere the only ?ourc*t from which we can learn their true meaning end h|i|i)iriition. To tltcm the writer# ol dirtionnriet have to retort for the definition* wh:<;h they Rive, lint ?up|K^mR in drietnf", lho-e word* nirnn the they are not *o u?ed in tlio common mt< t or>ute of life i tu?h an np|>Iic ?' ion ? f ihcm would n?| lie uniliriliHt I I y nine tuntlw n| mankind. Miikt ?? tiifc wot d which tin1 nii.-t c*i.il?ii*h?v| mi tlwritiei have adopted in mi. -he*** |l cannot ho >np|>o?pd Hint the fratner* "I oiiroonMitution. wh" vtp.ro matter* of the l in^u.t ;<?. ivmiM utn any word in an ol>?oletf?. quaint, ?.r i".i?f< ?t?:h? 'I *en<>-, in au instrument which wn* into'id* d to read and nn dcritinnl hy men of all r!tv?c?. omMoitte#, mi. I ?ln <rec>ofinforniulinn. Noriaiiit mi|i|kik J thai thojr wou|.| ilclrjiitrU ? <?irut |x?w< r !?> con irret*, hul in 1im:;iiit?? wlio-h n.'jltl not mi*un ?ii<T>f'wxl Criti<'< huvo mill I lin( our r>on>tittilion roiit'iin* mnr* pure F?vjli?'i, Minn any oilier com ptttilinn of ilio <Hin<* rxt?iit,in Iho whole of i Antniid ii hihI I'o^lith l?t*rnt tif I nin prrtumlrl ( I Imt i ho MTrrtMiv wotiM not hnvo h?x<tr<|c<| ?ur h i an n|<|>li?!ntion ol ih* wor I ntnhlith . ?? Ihnliov*. i Mtli' r in hm <li|?lnm?tin corr#?|M#i?iteiiri>#, or in | lho?<? t |il?>n> li< I 4.li|rf with which li? dauleit i Iho Imu'd of r?|imciil*tiv*? J N?w ?ir, tjlvo ill. i vr'.nl ri'nUHth il? lmi? tnian" I Ml which ?? '<? rf'il'lfll'f. ?" nitopl, iukI tit? ?ll(T? v?iii-Uo?. Knirn?i?.l with Iho post oifio** ' i ilcfiar'mint, cnnjfr#M ha* ll.o riant In n?o Ih# I r?n<l? of IIih itHl**, an?i to tin ??? which will I 1 j hf-? Mi'l il? pnrpow. Thi? wn< nil lhf? |mw?r or ? rnrrf mail* which r. m iiit? u>l<-il to be > frunlnl by (hi* fltOf In that t>(nly. Woild thw ? totimlinn, tliat awanihly of ?aj?c? n ??.! fmirmli. i hiro ilpkjulftl n |K?w?r which flo'lM nr*or I* ?x ? ?rri?#nl. which frorn lit very nature m?M ha v? h?M? , whi 1 1 v f Why ?ir, if the ( 'imilicrUml t lln?)l. I^l milH lon?. ha* ????? .'nlHMyiO, what ? amount of money Wntilii It ic/pnt ?? to m.iUo 114. | fiOfi mil's of road, over which | lift m ill h now . earrleit 1 I cannot numerate the rrnlt The?w I ildnil- ?rrr? -if eowwt unknown lu lliem; hut th?y kiir w the l?tttivll*?? extent of wiir cuiiMiiy. il? np i.lly iiwrrii*ii>| population, the imjNir lance nt tlilfn ?m< infoi mnliwn hy mail, tlml thi? mill mu?t p?r. vail* every i iirt ?f the Union, exlcn-lc ? ?? it 0 ho; noil Inat lit ho *xteivii'e|y n-clul, potlnxr iii 1 1 ' t l.c low a? In <}o Mo no ir* limn pay the ex t pm-o nf irnii*|iiirtatinn .*oi !i a ?t?i)t ill' power i- cotiM n?vi r h*v? enl?rc<| into th# iniin>? of men I, wh? wem har*ly nne? irnieli !<??? of m?n ?!h o ltn|(iiiih?il lor Iheir wielom. i- Other* who hum contended (<# nitr rncht If It Make roa<b, hare owMkleeed it not a* **pre?lj ''f/syiltd, bat aa deririoc it ftMi ?H?r ixnnr to nrilu. m^Z ^ ?\,r#T loooli on ihaea MTrmi iwpliJT N<rtT LTT^T.'^ty<wlr '? ??h?o,(*d. I lUl I*? *? COtMU ??varal*tat? carrlw w.ih it lha m,k", "**? To reflate iT i. "?w?* mot* than 14 mult* ? r- ? <??? PIUVJ* (? IIM con??mtr, and if corrfMtcnt farni?hetj wafjour, tho Merchant could not chars* hit (vttntttr Willi tin axpauta of tiaueportalion. They would pro duce the fame ((feci m tkr j-rtca of ibe e#mw4l* tjr. Ami if the Im-iliiici and advantage* which good roai'a giro to oar internal comiacroa au l hollaed n* to make theni, ttaiilar faetlitt?? and adraalagre wnu Id author** na to farnUh tba meaoa of trani>|Hirtation. Unlcn. tberefot a, ? It ran W ?hown that the word regulate u ?jrnonlatou? wiUt facilitate or incraoMylhia uotilion cannot bo a?ai? talo*>l. | Thii however will appear more evidtoi, whe?? wn ntcorlaiu the meaning of the term# poictr," m mr.l in the constitution. We ha?e iu (hut instrument two explanations of these term'* both errivii*:; at the Mnie remit, one iu the ImL claute of thi? t?v*lion, (t?t art. Bth ?ec.) authoris ing n? to make ** mII law* which ?hall Le ueceoary <ih1 proper for r?rrjriojr into extent iou the fosego h>? l>?twer?n whereby an implied power mmt he netware to the execution of the eX|>r?M?<l |Kiwer? nml one to be derived from the r? lo tion winch exnt? between ttieexpreu power*, whereby it ?? miin.l#?? ?!???? - ? ? wm |"? ?* ?i ?n?cn n*'* merely an njjiuily la on. exprvnul powrr caun'<t be implied. Out n??i?t l>o tx;>re?dy (ranted, nud tt will lie illowit lli.il the |>ower to make roailt hnina m?n* than an affinity to the power of regulating coiuint rte. Now, Mr. Speaker. when may on* cower lx> ?ai?I. to lie iwcrwtrj to another, according to the clm*o of the ctn?titntioit cited above? When Mure i? hii in?eperable connection batween them? Wheit Ihr one cannot be ex-tcu<*d without the other? I will endeavor to illiKlralc thlr. The power to lay ami collect tnxn carrie* with It the power ol'np pomting tux <ntherir?: for without Ihrm or agent.* of 'he kind, the pow*r of laying tax?? would bo completely ineffectual: ?o the power of appointing tux K-tllwrera would Ik- nug.itory without the pow er ol ]:iyiog luxe* ? the?e nro mutually depen dent and inrepernble from each other. Again: the power to ctlablitlt |??t nlki'i and po?t road/, carrie* with it the poner of appointing i'<>?tmar ter?. 'ihero i? the tamo relatlun her* a* in tho former ea?e. Now is there tht? iniepenatda cow Uftj'Jino lt*iu.-*?n lb* nitrkl- it/iuiinii.-j. I the liuwcr to mak* ioaX? W no! OiWHWIJ fflfc 1 practice of our country ever iioce tho r.trjbliili uirnt of thin con.litnticm' lln? n?t Ihn federal government regulated commerce, while ?l?e ?|atr? have made r.*d. for it. trawportatioi.1 Aratn? whnv i* the tiatuinl order of thing*? H?wh1? oiurt be made from one community toanoihcr.lH.tt.ru commerce can exi?t between ihemjend cromercw mu.t alway* precede the *xerri?? o? the j^iwer tu regulate H? Finally, i? not Ilia doubt which ex t,l? In tl.ii llou?i ol H* being nm Implied t-ow.r proof positive thut tt it not? For, if there we* ? ueeeetary eonnrc. ion Wtw.en them. H w? ttl?f itr.ke therein.! with Uia focr* ol an nx.o.n. W hoeverdoubted thnt our power" to provide nod maintain ? nnvy" implied the power to cr*Me ad aural*? Who ever douhted Ih-t our po'ver to r.-j'.ulute comineice with foreign natmee imp (lie power to ou?toni home*. cr?nto collector#, athl huiM and equip revenue cutler?.' Whenever one power is necessary to mirth* or, the association between thnn isso?io?o in mind, that each the other; it require* ho traii< of reanoning to prove the connexion. That there in an aflnity between these two power*, cann- t be denied, but an affinity as clove, if not closer, exist* between all thtr exprcssiv delegated powers. The power* t.? prm i?e and maintain n Navy? to declare war? to establish post offices and post rojul.i ?to establish uniform laws on the subject of Bankruptcy? to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court? to coin money? eacli and every one of these has as dose an affini ty to the regulation of commerce, as the {H'wcr to make rofuln. Why, then, was not the power to make roads expressly granted ^ If these power* h.ivingar loser affinity to each >? ther have l*een expressly grantfcd, arid the power to make make roaus fa not, tho infer ence is irresistible, that it whi not the inten tion itf t tie frame i* of the Constitution t?? grant it. \VI?> should an express power ho iicttssary to provide aikI maintain a Navy, when it is -ill important to the protection of commerce ; while the power to make ro?d* by uo means so essential, may he e^ . 'ciscd [ by bare inference or implication? la not the power to make roods a rijjht of sover eignty? Is not the exercise ot mnn/ other sovereign power* neee?**ry totheexecntimi of it? Can you make rmds without laying taxes ; without compelling the cititen* to part with their soil .t gainst their wlH t Dot* it not involve the )H>war to e?tabibh toll* and toll gates and t lie power to prescribe and enforce penalties for Injuries committed * What exercise of sovereignty is more plena ry than tlMn ? Whether, therefore, w? con sider the importance of this power to make roods, or it* relation to that of regulating commerce, we must conclude that it can not he considered an implied i?nwrr) and *a it wu not exprciriy gr.mted, it cannot be exercised. Again: It If naid tli it power to dcclar< war, implied the power to mnke itMiliry rorul*. The power ?n make r< win hti* i?g net mure thin * bare affinity to the w*?r power, Nil the above ir nvoing applic* to it with equal force. But thore ate other riMoni Applying to thin p?rtU ular power which go > Mill further to confirm and strengthen my > concUteion. If the convention had formed