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<3 I Section 2 latubprg fcralb Pages 9 to 12 One Dollar and a Half a Year. BAMBERG, S. C., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1917. Established 1891. Fertilizer Situation in The I*. S. In view of the present urgent need for the conservation of food and a greater crop production, a publication just issued by the United States Xa-j tional .Museum on "Fertilizers?An Interpretation of the Situation in the United States." by Joseph K.j Pogue, is most timely. The author! points out clearly and in a manner; easily understandable by the reader,; without technical knowledge of! fertilizers, what raw materials are' availiable in this country and how: they may best be recovered and j manufactured, and he shows definite-1 1 ly what attitude should-be adopted! by the government towards the new j fertilizer industries growing out of * conditions caused by the war. Dr.! Pogue explains in a general way the i theories of soil formation and ot'| plant growth, and shows that under! prolonged cultivation without the) addition of fertilizers the soil is ex-J hausted in respect to three of its j most important plant foods?pho-j phorus, nitrogen and potassium. He' then considers each of these elements j in turn, describing the sources, available amounts and ways of increasing! the output of each, and concludes by pointing out that the best prog-i ?.M- ?.V. ^: ress in me leruiuer neiu win tumci thongli enlightened cooperation be-; tween the fertilizer industries, the! government and the consumers. The soil does two things: It forms a mechanical medium for supporting i and protecting the growing plant, and it supplies the plant with some; of the chemical materials to be built' into its structure. In the normal! course of events, plants spring up,! live their course, and die, giving; back to the soil the elements employed in their life cycle. But where plants are removed artificially the balance is destroyed and unless the necessary chemical elements are returned to the soil in some form, ( it is soon rendered unfit for further cultivation. By long experience it has been learned that those elements of which the soil is most quickly d?# p: yf V . vv Y TV V ] TT V I I TV V \ J TT T TT T TT V TT V TT V TT V TT V TT V . HAS C Y ' TV T > TT T TT V TT T V c< TT T TT J XT T TT V YT ' V a: TT T TT V YT T ii ; v I a ti t L *> It I AR 44 f 44 4 yy TV yy I pleted are phosphorus, nitrogen and; potassium. The fertilizer industry,; therefore, is at present chiefly con-' cerned with securing an adequate supply of the raw material of these; three substances, and the develop-i ment of a wider and more intelligent' use of fertilizer, especially at this! time when the world war endangers; certain of the supplies and at the; same time necessitates an increased i yield of food. Phosphorus, in the form of com-! pounds, enters into the structure ofj plants chiefly in the seeds and fruit j and through them into animals, in! the latter it is an important constit-, uent of bone and is present also in' matter, thus being especially import-i ant to man. The basis of commercial ; fertilizer is an impure compound of! phosphorus occurring in nature in; large masses and known as phosphate rock, of which the United States is| the world's greatest producer.! Among the other sources of phos-j phorus. fish scrap, cotton seed meal, j bones, slaughterhouse refuse, and j guano are the most important, but! the demand for these substances for other purposes is fast reducing their1 availiability for fertilizer. The chief producer of phosphate rock in this country is Florida, which contributes 7"> per cent, of our annual output of 3,000,000 tons. Here the rock occurs' in deposits which can be economically worked and their positions near the; coast affords cheap transportation to' manufacturing centers. There are smaller deposits in Tennessee, South Carolina, Kentucky, and Arkansas, in 1910 a large belt of country from Salt Lake City to Helena. .Montana. ; was found to contain a large amount of phosphate rock. This field has < not vet been much developed owing ' to the small local demand for ferti- ! lizer and the long freight haul to the' East. Phosphate rock to be made; : suitable for fertilizer has to be treat-; ed with about an equal amount of sul-; ; phuric acid, which was. until the 1 war, obtained from pyrite imported ; from Spain. Since this source has i been endangered by submarine war-: j < >rang< Novemb nn \ UI\/ )UTGROWN ITS NAM BIG IMPROV Rest room for Ladies; remod ommodations for patrons. PREMIUM Containing* Prizes and Purse re ready for distribution. Horse races. Best and bigge: as ever played Orangeburg I (tractions, two bands and two ? YOU C( A ^ A ^ A A A A A A J fare, the numerous small deposits of pyrite in the eastern United States have had a limited development. The statement by the government of a definite postwar policy with regard to the protection of this new industry would undoubtedly speed up development along these lines. Nitrogen contributes stalk growth to the plant and in animals enters into the composition of the proteid; compounds, of essential importance in the life processes. The chief source of nitrogen has long been sodium nitrate, obtained chiefly from the: deserts of nothern Chile, but owing to the demand for this substance for, use in explosives and to the high price caused by the royalty imposed bv the Chilean government, the: J nitrogen question has been a prom-' inent one in this country for some a th a a f a f tl'a l aI' l" All r AOO I tliiic. 1 lie ULUC1 t U V_ HI OVIU wu ; of nitrogen are the atmosphere and i coal. The recovery of nitrogen as a| by-product from coal is a growing! industry, going hand in hand witfflf a well-balanced growth of the entire, coal products industry and to reach its full development must expend: through a gradual extension of thej uses of coke tc fuel and power; purposes, for the recovery of nitro-j gen is made chiefly from the by-prod-1 uct of coke ovens. The ultimate) source of nitrogen, however, on j which the world must eventually) depend, is the atmosphere. The three j practicable processes for fixating: this atmospheric nitrogen have been! found to be the arc process, the' cyanamid process, and the Haberi process. It is a significant fact that! as soon as the Haber and cyanamid processes for getting nitrogen for explosives as well as fertilizer from the air, had been successfully developed in Germany, war was declared. In the United States the need has for some time been urgent to draw upon atmospheric nitrogen, l^ast year Congress appropriated $20,000000 for such a plant, but it has not yet materialized, presumably because such an industry, if established abruptly on such a large scale, would k. ATL A A^A^AjWLA^AA^AA^ rT^" er 6th, 7th, VNGEBURG, S( E. TH EMENTS. eled Cow Barn; Better ac: LIST. is amounting to thousands st Carnival Company that ^aii\ carrying fifteen paid free acts. ^ ATA ATfc ATA ATA aVA A^>. ATA ATA ATA "^y T^Tfy T^r Ty endanger the whole coal by-product industry with its far-reaching ramifications, by setting up in competiton a non-profit seeking industry. The third major plant food is potassium, which contributes stalk strength and kernel filling -to the growing plant. The chief source of potassium before the war was the great Stassfurt depot in Prussian Saxony, and the absolute cutting off of this supply led to an awkward situation in this country, and the supply is still inadequate, though we are now producing potash from a viriety of sources. Chief among these are the alkali lakes of the West, which have been found to be relatively rich in potassium compounds. and another important source is the kelp, a giant seaweed which grows in considerable abundance along the Pacific coast from Lower California to Alaska. Among other minor sources is the successful application of a method of recovering potash out of the dust from the flues of Portland cement plants and iron blast furnaces. The most important question concerning this newindustry is. what will become of it after the war, when the importation of cheap potash from Europe is resumed? The proper solution of this problem would seem to be a governmental subsidy, rather than high tariff 011 the foreign potash, which 1 'l wAfiulf Lio-llAP f A t h ' ?> UUIU lCdllU 111 IH51IUI {71 tvgo IV V1IV farmer and an increase in the price of food.' In concluding his interpretation of the fertilizer situation, the author states that the responsibilities of the government in this respect have not yet been realized. Solution of the problems should grow out of a policy of anticipation, not out of 11 lagging accommodation to passing conditions One of the most pressing problems is the development of domestic sources of supply, not only that a repeittion of the present situation will be im-J possible, but also that a more extensive peace-time production will be the outgrowth. The American public] have an interest in this matter. It 1.^ y fVr TAYtat ^ TAT TA^ W V^r^jr# "yp A^A^A.A. A. A Cour , 8th and 9 m Trni 1 />i i n/\i i JUin CAKULJ E STATE FAIR FOR ] EDUCAT Crowning of 44 Goddess < parade. CITADEL-C Citadel-Clemson Foot Ba phy Cup to winner by the ( Big Dance by ladies of the events. CONCERTS DAILY BY OLINA REGIMENTAL I PIECES. , Big Free Acts t kA^AA^AA^A j^A A^A A^A A^A j^A A^A j^A jj^k_A t^T T^T T^r Must Cut Down. i Washington, Oct. 19?Any sugar | famine that hits the United States i will come because the world's sweet tooth is filled largely by this country. The food administration tonight issued a bulletin showing the vital need for conservation of sugar and showed the United States is exporting 18 times as much sugar as before the war. If the rest of the world is to receive any sugar at all, Americans will have to cut down their own consumption, for supplies from the Belgian, Austrian and German fields have been cut off and the Argentine beet crop lias failed two years successively. Mr. Hoover lias asked that every American reduce his use of sugar by seven ounces weekly, if this were were done Americans would still be using 67 pounds per capita per year, whereas Englishmen are getting only 26 pounds. Frenchmen 18 aud Italians 12. The extent to which the, English sweet tooth has suffered may; be seen in the fact that before the! war it received 92 1-3 pounds of sug-, ar per year. The food administration gives the following figures of the United States: In 1912,83,747,751 pounds;, in 1913, 47,987,761 pounds; in 1914,! 72,323,615 pounds; in 1915, 581,-; 710,510, pounds; in 1 91 6, 1,665,895,-! 639 pounds, and in 1917, 1,254,551,i 280 pounds. ! ' ? " Rural Policeman Held for Killing. i The coroner's jury which investi-J gated the killing of Coroner C. A. i Scott, of Richland county, several; I miles below Columbia is holding Ru-i ral Policeman J. \V. Helms jvno was with the dead man at the time of his death, for the killing. Helms hasj I made no statement further than to; admit, according to witnesses, that hei fired the fatal shots. i is their duty to inform themselves j I in this regard and to increase in; order to press and shape effective j ; action. | ityFai k.l i ai rr nn, I:ji / [NA LOWER SOUTH CARO IONAL DAY. yf Liberty/' Beautiful Flora 1LEMSON DAY. 11 (lame. Presentation of Trolovernor of South Carolina Dixie Club, all are big feature THE SECOND SOUTH CAR SAND OF TWENTY-SEVEN it Amuse the fro V A AIABMVV *AA V V* 10 A A. A A ^ ^ t^T ^r^|r ? A#A A, A A^A A^A A^ A^A A^k A^A A^j| A A AA4 w y ^irV^ ^ A at^. A^A A^A^A^A^A^A^A^A A T^T T^y V^r fy Fought Over a Woman. J11 these days when aerial duels are of almost hourly occurrence it may be interesting to recall the circumstances of the first conflict of this nature. This combat, which was the result of a quarrel between two Parisians, .M. de Grandpre and M. le Pique, over a lady engaged at the Imperial Opera, was fought in 1808. The two rivals having agreed to settle their respective differences by a duel, decided that the fight should take place in the air. Two balloons were constructed, identical in every detail, and on the appointed day Grandpre and his second entered the car of one baloon and le Piaue the other. The scene of the ascent was the garden of the Tuileries, and thousands of spectators journeyed from all parts of Paris to witness the novel event. The rivals had agreed to fire at each other's baloon, with the idea of bringing it to earth by the escape of gas. When the baloons were some eighty yards apart and about half a mile from the surface a signal to begin firing was given. M. de Grandpre sent a ball through le Pique's baloon, which collapsed with such frightful rapidity that le Pique and his second were dashed to pieces. De Grandpre, however continued his ascent, and terminated his voyage at a spot some twenty-one miles from Paris. Jerry Moore Goes to War. Jerry Moore is to go into the army. He has been drafted from Florence county, and has been certified by the district board of the county board. Recently Jerry has been living at Dodson, La., but his name was drawn from Florence county. He stood his physical examination at Dodson, and has been accepted. It will be recall ed that Jerry Moore made the world's record for the best yield of corn on an acre, 228 bushels and three quarters, in 191 0. Many men are but stuffed suits of clothes. || | *+*++x~x*+x+*x+* * t IT T XT 9 f ff f f f IT I II f it t it t it t it i XX t ft Y YY i it yy UNA f ff _ f ff i YY > I J IT Y fY T XT T TX | II i TT i z XT _ v YY T ?t wd. I H Y YY Y YY ff II . It ii ii^k A ii^A A A A A jjfL V V^v w^ / ' ;.^ .' 'n.-. S- -\y^< . .* v-!- ' ? ". . -i&_ iZ . - '* ? - f ?k'.-^'>^-f|"l