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Practical Nurse Tell* Mrs. N. E. Snow, of Koute 1, near I'acis, Twiu, tells the story of her experience as follows: "I am 62 years old And I have been a practical nurse for more than 20 year*, tak ing mostly maternity cases. One of my daughters suffered from cramping at . . . She would Just bend .double and have to go to bed CABDUI The Woman's Tonic w*nI recommended to her and she only had to take about two bottles, when she hardly knew that it was . . aha suffered so little pain. "My youngest daughter, was run-down, weak and nervous, and looked like she didn't have a bit of blood left?just a walking skeleton, no appetite and tijod all the time. 1 gave her two bottles of Card ui. It built her, un and she began eating and soon gained .in weight and has been so well since." Cardui, the Woman's Tonic, has helped suffering women for over forty years. Try it, At all druggists'. _ ? ? fC-100 THE NEGRO EXODUS. Camden Man Gives His Views Why Negroes l#eft The Fatlns. I ? ? '*--v - '??* \ ?> (By W. "H. Kirkbride 4n the Boston Transcript;^? ^ That more than ivyo millions of far mens, discouraged with their efforts to make a living from the soil, aban doned their f?rms and moved to the cities in 1922, is shown in a survey 'of farming districts in the United States made by the Department of Agricul ture. To offset this, nearly one mil lion caitoe from ^he cities to the farms, but it still leaves a ldss to the farm population of the United* States1 Of over a million in one year. " This erf<5 dus is gaore than double thfe normal shifting. . The report discloses that this move ment from ?he farm to the city started in 1921 and was progressing at the time of the survey; that the cities are increasing at an average anntial r'ate of 4 per cent, while the farm popula tion is decreasing at the rate of more' than 1 per cent; that, in 1922, one far mer out of every sixteen in the United States sold out; that the occupants of one out of every five farms moved to another locality; that two hundred and thirty thousand tenants discon tinued favfting altogether: that there was, at the end of 1922 a shortage 'of labor ori farms of 11 per cent com pared with an excess of 10 per cent. one year previous. ? There was not a section of the United States, North, South, *JSast or West, that did not show a decrease in farm population. The New England States showed- a -loss^of- 16|0P0{~Uw Middle Atlantic, 42,000; the Pactf\c 47,000; the Mountain, 63,000; the West North Central. 144,00; the Past North Central, 14&.000; the W0at South Cen tral, 167,000; the East South Cetttfal, 180,000; the Souths Atlantic States, 324,000; The latter,, group comprises Delaware, -Maryland, West Virginia, V irginia. Ndrth and JSfittth Carolina, Georgia and Florida,* the heart of the cotton belt. The decrease in popula tion in this section exceeds t)ie com bined loss New England, the Middle Atlantic, the Pacific, the Moun tain and the West North Central States. The nearest approachfin loss of farm population is shown in the Rast South Central group' 18Q,O0O, taking in the cotton growing States of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Ken tucky and Tennessee. This iftffccattie of the migration of the negro from the plantations of the South to the in dustrial North and West. From every locality in the dbton belt comes a tale of the exodus of the negro laborer from the farm. I p some sections it reaches from twenty-five to fifty per cent of the available farm ?abor. Private reports estimate that '?'ghty per cent of the farms are short of labor, thirty per cent-fcjTwhieh have not more 'than half the labor necessary to make a c+opr -'Senator >'?nith of South Carolina reports that ? ?' least thirty-five per cent -of v the "arm labor in his locality has gone N'orth and that the migration contin The Department of Agriculture re > its that Georgia has lost thirteen < r cent or 32,000 and South Carolina ? ' roe and one-half per cent, or 22,750 'f their negro population during the ?Hst twelve months. The negro popu lation in 1910 formed fifty-five peri cent, of the total population of the State of South Carolina. I attribute this to the following seven causes; i 1. ? The ravages of the cotton boll weevil. 2.? Tho attraction of high wages in the industrial centres. 3. ? Restrictive immigratHm laws. 4. ? The breakdown of the contract ?abor system. , &- ? The war, 5.?The increase in public works. , " 7. ? Segregation laws' and curtail ment tyf civil rights. - - The advent or the boll weevil into the cottop fields the South demoral ized the negro farmer. .Successfully to combat this insidious insect takes brains, industry and capital, all of which essentials an lat m* the av* "age ^Southern! ? ? 1 There are ten laborers in the wwk their own land; those who rent land from the large lan<l 'owners; 'those who work for day wages; ami those who tfoik on a share-crop baaia. Ths boll weevil j^its them all and hits hard. . ? The land owners have .found cotton ?aismg under boll weevil conditions so .inpiontable that many have abandon ed their farms. Bankers and mer chants who had formally given them credit no longer came to their aid, and vhey were unable to buy fertilizer and^ poison, without which essentials the crops were failures. Those who rented land found them selves in the same predicament. Without sufficieht fertilizer they did not make enough cotton to pay the rent, and were disheartened. Large planters, who were --accus tomed to plant twenty-five to thirty acres of cotton to, the plow were com pelled, (under the new conditions, to cut their acreage to from five to ten acres, thereby 4 greatly reducing the number of hands employed at day labor, The negroes, no longer abl$ to secure work at home saw but one way, fend that was to go where work was to be had. The negro who farme on a share crop basis, under the supervision of the owner, fares the best of all, but even ho cannot make anything like the wages he could earn in the indus trial centres. The best negro share* cropper I have on my plantation in South Carolina has an industrious wife and nine children, six of whom are old enough to help in the fields. I let lym work last year on the share crop system, fourteen acres of my best land, which always had mado better han a bale of cotton to the acre. I furnished the land, the fertilizer, the poison and the tools. He and his fam ily furnished the labor; we'divided the profits. He owned and fed his mule. I allowed him fpur extra acres of land and the fertilizer to, plant corn for feed. ^ He had the use of two ad ditional acres of land for a garden, and hip house, wood and water free. These conditions far exceeded those of the average sharecropper. From the fourteen acres planned to cotton he made seven bales, or 2B0 pounds of lint cotton to the aeto. The average .yiold per acre for the^ United States was 124.5 pounds.and for the State of Georgia, ninety pounds, so he was tar above the average. I sold these 3500 pounds of cotton for 28 Mi cents a pound, or $907.50, half of which, $498.75, was' his share. That is practi cally $500 for a year's work for him self, wife apd children, or an average wage of $1.37" per day for a 'family of eleven. ? The second cause of the exodus of the negro I attribute to the attrac tion of the higher wages offered by the mining and industrial North and We9t, and to the more attractive liv ing conditions to be found there. The Negro loves the South. Cotton is bet ter than gold to'him. He revels in hot weather and suffers tortures in cold. But he( must eat to lWe and when he cannot provide for himself and family at home, he naturally begins to inquire about other localities. His more ad venturous brother or cousin or friend writes him from Gary, or Pittsburgh, 'or Chicago, of Philadelphia, telling hihi what a fool he is to be working fourteen hours on the farm for $1 a day when he might jbe earning seven times that amount for eight 'hours' ?work. They assure him that a job is waiting fpr him, and often enolose money" for his transportation. Is it any wonder that the negro on the farm drops his plow in answer to this rfireii call? Many planters, during' the last fe% years, have lost heajdl^ on their farms even at $1 a day wage to laborers. ? Unfortunately for the South, it is the better" class of. negroes, the young, strong and intelligent who are an swering the call and the greater part of those who remain on the fArm are the old/ feeble and unambitious. Rais ing cotton under such conditions is hazardous. On a cotton plantation the women are a big factor. They do most of the "chopping??; hoeing and picking of the cotton. Often they earn more than do the men. These useful workers have left the South by the tens of thous ands. Many accompany their hus bands and fathers North, but most of them go to large, cities, where they And employment in private homes and hotels. New York, Philadelphia, Bos ton, Atlantic City and the New Eng land resorts are full of the former cotton pickers of the South. This ex odus of women has made the servant question, as well as the farming ques tion, troublesome for the Southerner. The planter who used to pay his cook $2 a week has to compete with the Northern scale in his kitchen as well as in the field. Those women who rfe mam South during the ccdd months usirfplly go north in Bummer* just as they are needed on tho farm. Then there is the restricted immi gration law. Formerly accustomed to secure their unskilled labor from all parts of Europe, the great industrial concerns of the North of late have been compelled to draw their supply from any source possible. The only supply of unskilled labor in the United States was to be found in the South. They explored tho field, found it fer tile, planted the seeds of allurement, and, un^pr supervision of thei^ over seers, the labor agents, gathered the crop. That it has proved a profitable one ? for them ? is without question. These recruiting agents, both black and white, told in glowing words the advantages and pleasures to be had in the North.. Their persuasive induce ments, *witn the gloomy outlook of the crop situation, made their task easy. The immigration law is also responsi ble, in great measure, for the situa tion. Then comes the breakdown of the contract labor system. In former tithes a planter would engage his hands for a year, or for a number of years, and during the term of tho contract virtually they were his slaves. The "contract" often bore the man's cross or signature to something he sm14 not read, or there might be a verbal contract, overheard by a con venient witness or two. Such con tracts bound the negro tsjiis empk>y?i \ ' ' ?y*"" . .... .1.1 ? ??. I -? ?,.1. ?? I.tl ' "" ' | for the time stipulated. , If 'he was] I brave enough to leave, he was arrest-! efi. If he refeused to go work, ho V wab ^ p\it , in jail. Anothor| scheme w^? to get the negro in debt, pay him do small a wage that he never ouUJ hope to pay the debt, and, under ilu> law which prohibited ' a negro f '? om. leaving a plantation until he had paid hl? debts, keep him at work in definitely. Before the war the average negro knew little and cared less about con ditions in other pa^ts of tho country. His father, his grandfather and his great-grandfather had lived and died on the plantation, and he took Ms ex istence there as a matter of course. Then came the war. Negroes from all i over the South were called tq the col ors and sent to training camps. For the first time, they came in contact with the white man on more or leas of an equal footing. They saw the great cities; thoy tasted pleasures heretofore never dreamed of. They heard of the high wages paid in the North for mere brawn ? they saw hpw ,the other half lived. When the negro soldier returned from France, where his pay had made him feel like a mil* lionaire, and where he had been treat ed as a hero, and as an equal by white men and women, he resented a Teturn to th? old regime. He was restless and dissatisfied, and soon infused those who had stayed at home^with the same spirit.' Is it any wonder that when the boll weevil -and tne omiploy* nient agonts visited their neighbor hood they said, "Let's got" Then there is the industrial Activity n tho southern cities, especially At lanta, Birmingham and Richmond, which have had an unparalleled de mnnft for unskilled labor and have gone to the farm to meet that demand. There has been a great revival of pub ic works throughout the south (where $400,000,000 is being spent on roads alone, and this has taken many men from the farms. The contractor, takes the place of the industrial magnet. He offers higher wages than the farmer can afford to pay and he gets his man. Another cause of the negro exodus is the segregation law and th^ curtail ment of his civil rights. It is not my Intention to discuss the ethical or so cial side of the . treatment-of tho negro in the South, it is too old and too com plicated a question wiib rights uiiu wrongs on both sides. These, I believe, are the essential reasons why the South Atlantic States show the huge loss of 324,000 in their farm population. It is a serious situ ation for the cotton belt, for it is growing worse /instead of better. It is impossible to get actual figures on the migration taking place, but the sta tion agents at all points in the South are unanimous in declaring that the largest exodus in history is taking place. Some report an average of One man a day, some more, some s less. One has but to glance at any of the north-bound trains on . the Southern, Seaboard, Illinois Central and other Southern railroads to convince him of the truth of the assertion. Formerly the negro-travellers were accommoda ted in one-half of the smoking car de voted to their1 use; today one fre quently sees two or three "Jim Crow" cars on a single north-bound train, packed to the doors. The migration will continue unless the economic ' problems which are causing it are solved. The negro loves the sunny South. He will be quick to answer the call of the soiL whnn condi tions warrant his return. The South needs the negro ? no dther labor ever really can replace the "darkie and the mule" in the cotton fields. It is of vital importance, therefore, to the welfare of America for the North and South, in conjunction with the Govern ment, to realize the danger arising from the exodus of the negro from the cotton fields, and the subsequent de preciation of the world's cotton sup ply^ and to endeavor to find some waj to solve the problem. The Republicans of the New York legislature are proposing to reduce the state income tax by exempting the incomes up to $5, OOO for married men and $2,500 for single men. This is in the face of a move 6f Governor Smith, Democrat, who proposed a re daction of 25 per cent from the income limits as at present, $2,500 for mar ried men, and $1,000 for single men. - Robert E. Wood, former postmaster of Charleston,. W. Va.t was shot and killed late Monday night in a fight with pblice who sought, to search his automobile for contraband liquor. Wood shot a policeman, and when re. -inforcements arrived he opened fire again. He was hit by eight bullets. The police believe the man was crazy from drinking moonshine. SAYS jtlDGK WAS DRUNK. ' ' . ? x. Amleraon Grand Jury Aska Mk-all of Judge 0. C? Simms. . . .. * Anderson, Fob. W, ? Following dU closures here today on the alleged mis conduct of Special Judge Charles Car roll Simms of Barnwell, who is aerv* injj as special judge of the Andefson term Q t Court of General Suasions, and the sending of a telegram to Gov ernor McLeod by Senator Hufus Kant, Jr., requesting Judge Simms' recall, the Anderson county, grand jury con vened late today to probe the rumons current in connection with the case. After considering the evidence at hand, the grand jury tonight, in a formal presentment signed by thirteen of its members and tiled with the clerR of the court in the absence of any judge to receive it, reported as fol lows: "State of South Carolina.* "County of Anderson. "To. the Presiding - Jucige of the Court of Goneral Sesions: "Some of the Members of the grand jury huving heawi rumors on streets to, the effect that the presiding judge of this court has been guilty of con duet unbecoming the high office he now holds, and which hag tended to degrade and disgrace our courts, and the suggestion of some of the mem bers of our body and the solicitor of this circuit that some action be taken in the matter, the grand jury has b$cn called together for the purpose of in vestigate^ such rumors and 'ascer taining their correctness or incorrect' ne.88. Such investigation has been made a Ad we beg to report as follows: "We find that the Honorable C. C. Simms, special judge, has been under the influence of intoxicants while sit ting on the bench and out of court _dyj?ng: the urcafint we^k^. J - ? - ? "We further find that the said Hon orable 0, C. Simms and two other par ties on tfrlday night, F?rfcruary 8, 1924, uboui the hours of 8 or U o'clock, while riding in an automobile in ^n intoxicated condition ran the car lit which they wore riding againftt and ! into the car of another party, a citizen of this county and after the collision occurred they cursed and Abused the ocupants of the car. they ran into and after being admonished that ladies occupied the car continued Rueh abus ive and profane language. "We, therefore, recommend that the Honorable Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of this State take .such stops as is necessary to have the com mission of the said Honorable C, C. Simms revoked and that some person of ubrlity ahd sobriety bo commission ed to finish the duties of special judge during tho remainder of this session of thsi court.*' When the grand jurors filed into court, there was no> one present ex cept Deputy Clerk Bogue Young, So licitor Leon W. Harris, and a couple of newspapermen. Clerk John* C, Tay lor was summoned from downstairs, and Solicitor Harris contended that, under the ciivumstances, the clerk should receive and publish the present ment, but this the latter refused to do, taking the position thai with no judge present eouit was not in session, anil, allihe could do was to rocoivo tho pre sentment and file it for later publica tion in court. Clerk Taylor refused to permit newspapermen to read the jury findings, but later J. H. Tate, foreman of the grand jury, On the ground that the grand jury's findings are public property, authorized the giving out of copy of presentment. Solicitor Harris conveyed to Chief Justice E. B. Gary, at his homo in Abbeville, by phono, the grand jury's recommendation that the chief justice Simms' commission and the naming of another special judge. At a meeting this afternoon t Ht? , Anderson Bat* Association took u po?i tion favorable to Jtulgt) Sirnrns to tfle. extent of wiring (Jotfiruor MclxWJW not to take precipitate action Mam4 i that Judge Simnw be not interrupt^ in holding the term of court now tfo piOglVSH," Leon L. Rice, president of the ba? association. stated after the meeting. that the attendance of the bar wa? 114M complete and -that Out* action taldjh <liil not represent. unaiiiniotiH sentf ment i>f tin- meeting; fil|U) that tflk message to the Governor was in oppo sition to the telegram sent the Stated Chief Executive, early today by Sep** tor Rufus Kant, Jr., urging Judge Simms' recall, and not in opposition fn the grand jury, whose action Was not known to bar members at the time. R. W. Nickels, of Greenwood, flas hed! notified that his son, Aubrey litre Njckles, under senteuce of death to Florida for alleged criminal assault, has been granted a new trial by tRe Florida supreme court. Appllcatftfh for a new trial was based by the at ^ torney for the youth on the ground that Nickles pleaded guilty because ol fear of personal violence in the COUgt jooip." Nickles, who is about 2Q years' ? of age, is accused of assaulting .? white woman at I)o I?and, Fla., lb* comber 8; 1021, Ho has been twit* denied a commutation of sentence bi the state pardon board and the gover nor has threo times signed the deaftr v warrant fixing the date for* his exe eutjon. ? ? . . i ? ? ! ? ? . . . -tv' ... ?' The" Nichi Nichi, o?e of Japaufr> mo.st influential nenfflpapers, com meivting on the death/ of Woodttttjt Wilson, said: "His death' deprives J5 pan of one of its most usteemed bene -fnctorVnnd the world of "its nruyt powe rful peacemaker." r H ? ? .tui Next Spring ? # ? . ? 9 v " : ' ? ' ' ' . With over 200,000 orders for Ford Cars and \ Trucks already placed Jor delivery during _ the next lew months, we are facing a record breaking spring demand* V $ < Each successive month this winter has '.k witnessed a growth in sales far surpassing that oi any previous winter season* This increase will be even 'greater during the spring' months, always the heaviest buying period. A , 1 These facts suggest that you place your order ?arbr urmoid disappointment In delivery at the time desired*. - ? r-r y " .. ? ' It i? not MMMry to pay caah for your car in order to have your xfcme placed on. the preferred delivery list. You can make a small payment down, or you buy, ii you wish, under the Convenient term# of the Ford Weekly Purchase Plan. See the Nearest Authorized Ford Dealer . ' ? ? : ? NITRATE SODA We are booking orders for W. R. GRACE & CO., also carry liberal local stock of Nitrate and all Fertilizer n ? ?* See Me For Quick Service 17 KM i r. JYI. ? '' ' v ' ?-- - -