University of South Carolina Libraries
THE PLACE TO GO " ! ?' , '/? "">l 1 ? .1 ? III... * ? ' ? y\ .V ? When you lire In want of 8HOK8 for any rnoiukr of ypur family, where STYLK Mid QUALITY la to fee fconoldered eall on THE CAM DKN SIIOK CHI., where you will flnU Junt what you are looking for at prleiw to itult your pocket-book. Ah?o a full line of (Jeiit'i Furnishing*. CAMDEN SHOE COMPANY The Next Issue of The Bell Directory GOES TO PRESS SOON * Every Bell subscriber, almost without exception, I* able to hijr the good* advertised in thl. directory. Reserve ycir space today. Aak the Manager for rates. Supplements your other advertising but does not conflict with other mediums. Changes and corrections in listings should be made at once fox the new book. To CHICAGO Through Sleeping Car Daily from Kingville and Columbia, S. C. CAROLINA SPECIAL Superior Service from Camden to Chicago and the West VIA . SOUTHERN RAILWAY PREMIER CARRIER OF THE SOUTH Queen & Crescent Route Big Four Route SCHEDULE: 10:05 A.M. 11:30 A.M. 11:58 A.M. 12:55 P.M. 8:10 P.M. 10:55 A.M. 3:20 P.M. 9:00 P.M. Leave CAMI)KN Arrive Kingville U'ave Kingville Ix'ave Columbia A Arrive AHheville, (K. T.) Arrive Cincinnati, (('. T.) Arrive Indianapolis Arrive CHICAGO Excellent connections made for Louisville, St. Louis and all points West. EQUIPMENT : Observation Drawing Room Sleeping Cars Kingville to Cincinnati; Drawing Room Sleep ing Car Kingville to Chicago; Coaches Kingville to Cincin nati Dining Cars. For Pullman Reservations, apply to Ticket Agents or District Passeng-er A pent. Columbia, S. C. S. H. McLEAN W. H, CAFFEY, Division Passenger Agent, Charleston, S. C. SEABOARD AIR LINE RAILWAY "The Progressive Railway of the South" Lv. Camden For ? 1 1 :00 A. M. ' Columbia and intermediate stations. 10:40 A* M. I Columbia, Denmark, Fairfax, Savannah, 11:24 P. M. \ Brunswick, Jacksonville & Florida points. 5:04 P. M. | H amlet and intermediate points. a m ) Hamlet, Pinehurst, Sanford, Raleigh, Rich ' ' * > mond, Washington, Baltimore, Philadel 7:4Z r. [VI. ^ phia, New York and Eastern Cities. For full information, Pullman reservations, etc., call on Ticket Agent or write - - C. W. SMALL, Div. Pass. Agt. Savannah, Ga. USE OF COVER CROPS TO CHECK EROSION Where Gutter* Have Carried Aw ay Soil and Subeoll to m Depth of Plftssn Feet In Mississippi. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) Nearly fuur million acres in the United States, It is estlmatod, have been devastated by soil erosion, and a vastiy larger >area has lost much of its fertility. ' Nowhere is soil erosion more serious than in the South. The climate, the olmracter of the soil, the economic conditions, and the type of agriculture, which has hitherto pre vailed, have all contributed to the damage, yet with the exception of the amount of rainfall every factor in ero sion can be controlled by man. Soil erosion is the carrying ft way of the soil by tho action of wind or wa" tor. in the South the action of water is much the more important. If all the water that falls upon a given urea were to be absorbed by the soil, it would cause no erosion. This, how ever, scarcely ever happens. Where the slope of the ground or the char acter of the soil is such that tho wa ter runs off rapidly, it carries with It a very appreciable q'mntlty of soil particles, the quantity Increasing as the speed of the running water in creases. Whore this erosion is exces sive the soil is left bare and gullied. The land is hard to cultivate and ho much organic matter is taken from it that it is frequently abandoned as too poor for profitable agriculture. To check this process, terracing, deep plowing and the use of cover crops are advantageous. Vegetation not only hinders tho flow of water over the surface, thus lessening the amount of erosion, but the roots strik ing through the soil loosen it and en able It to absorb the water more read ily. In the South the uso of cover crops for this purpose is particularly important because so much Of the rainfall in this section is in the win ter when the land is frequently bare of crops. Winter rye is particularly advantageous In holding tho soil. The value of deep plowing lies In the fact that this loosens the soil for a consid erable distance below the surface and thus enables the water to be absorbed quickly. Terracing obviously is de signed to provide level areas for the ?water to fall on Instead of steep hill sides down which it can rush. The Importance of measures that will check erosion is indicated by the fact that in some southern states vast areaB amounting sometimes to 50 per cent of the arable land in these sec tions have been abandoned because condition that practically all the water which fell on 1t was absorbed. As a result the land Increased In value so that the owner declined $100 an acre for It. The cost of reclamation was approximately $10 an acre. It Is sim pler, however, to prevent excessive erosion than to reclaim land after it has occurred. Locations for Creameries. In developing the dairy Industry throughout the South a very important matter Is the selection of the loca tions in which to erect creameries. No one would build a sawmill where there is little or no timber suitable to be made into lumber, and it would be oqually unwise to start a creamery where the supply of milk and cream is insufficient for economical opera tion of the plant. In many dairy re gions creameries have been operated successfully and have brought pros perity to the community. On the oth er hand, theVe are many closed cream eries in the United States and many farmers who have lost money by un wiso investments in. them. The first essential for the success of a creamery is a sufficient supply of milk and cream. An insufficient sup ply means a loss for all concerned. The number of available cows in a community is frequently overestimat ed. About six hundred southern cows should provide raw material enough, and if this is sent to the -creamery in the form of whole milk the cows should all bo> within five miles of the creamery. In order to keep expenses reasona bly low, an average of at toast 1,200 pounds of butter muBt be made each week, which will require about one thousand pounds of butter fat. The smaller tho output the greater the cost per pound of butter, for some of the expenses will remain approximately the same whether the daily output Is one hundred or two hundred pounds. If a careful canvass reveals the fact that, excluding those required to meet the demands of home consumption, the necessary cows are available, the information should be sent to either the state agricultural college or the Dairy Division, Department of Agri culture, Washington, D. C., with a re quest for plans and advice for the organization, building and equipment of a plant that will be likely to suc ceed under existing local conditions. Next to an insufficient supply of milk, one of the most frequent causes the water has carried off much of the best soil and impaired the value of what has been left. On moderate slopes in the Piedmont region of North Carolina erosion has been esti mated to cause a yearly loss in crop values alone of three dollars an acre, making the total loss in this region over two million dollars each year. On the other hand, there are many hilly farms in which excessive ero sion is effectually prevented. Farm ers who wish detailed information of the best methods of terracing and oth er njeans of control, should write to the United States department of agri culture for Farmers' Bulletin No. 20, Circular No. 94 of the Bureau of Plant ; Industry or U. 8. Department of Ag riculture Bulletin No. 180. When land has once been badly eroded the task of reclaiming it 1s apt to be difficult and long It can be done, however, and at times may be made very profitable. An Instance Of this is a tract of 38 acres near John son City, Tenn., wheh was purchased four years ago for $63 an acre At that time the land was badly eroded and there was one gully eight or ten feet deep. This the new owner filled with debris and soil. 200 loads of mar nure were applied, and the soil waft, plowed to a depth of ten inches, plant ed i</ rye and the rye turned under. The deep plowing and the organic matter in the rye loft the ?oil in suofe . ~ ' ~r- '~ v 5p 5r A Gently Rolling Field Invaded by Gutties That 8tarted on 8teeper Slope*. of creamery failures Is the erection of poorly planned and cheaply construct ed creameries equipped with expensive but more or leas useless machinery.. klany creameries have been organized by promoters who derived their profit from the sale of the plant and its equipment, not from its successful op eration after they had severed their connection with it. In consequence, it waa to their interest to unload as expensive and as poor a plant upon the farmers as they could. Cases are on record in which promo ters have secured the signatures oX farmers to documents which purport ed to be nothing more than a general expression of opinion that a creamery in that place would be a good thing. Later it developed that the document was an iron-clad agreement to take stock in the company. Creameries or ganized in such a way prove profitable only .to the organizers. Moreover the failure of one or two such companies serves to discourage dairying in that region for many years thereafter. Before It Is decided to build a cream ery, therefore, Its prospective share holders should convince themselves of thrp?* things: (1) That there will be milk and crcam enough for it to be Operated economically; (2) that the marketing facilities are adequate; and (3) that the plant to be built ia well designed and equipped and the coal reasonable. ; : ON H1H MKTHUAY. . l U fiOL Uatai Wu BoKn lMi V4Nii? A|?, April 10. 17tS. Ait.luntjrli ho gained much proud a^hce In the revolutionary war, lioi^?, tlo t inii's w ms a p...?r soldier ami a uiiwhlftf umker, He wan lu?rn 187 year* ago, April 10. 17'J8, at Maiden, i: 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 , Mini dir. i KM# yMN ago, on the same da.v of the month, April 10, 1H00, in Now, York. dates citini) to America in 175$ Mini served as a major in tin- army under Itraddock. He was severely wounded at the time of the hitter's defeat near Avhat is now Pittsburg. In lTflp he wum stationed an brigade major, under Gen,. Monckton. at Fort Pitt, and In 170J was Monckton's aide at the rap ture of Martinique. ,? Buying a farm In Virginia In 17U.H, (Jates lived there lit retirement until 1775, when Congress appointed him ad jutant general in the regular anuy with the rank of brigadier. In 1770 he was apiH>inted to the command of the army which had lately retreuted from Canada, and" Immediately began Intriguing to supplant Gen. Schuyler as commander of the northern depart ment. L. .y . ? - ? ? ? 2 1 '*?$4 This lie did through the Influence of New ICngland delegates In the Con gress ou August 2, 1777, The army ?under his command after lighting ,tlie l.lrfittlea of. Stillwater and Saratoga, forced Burgoyne to surrender nates ?received nearly all the credit, although Schuyler, Arnold and Morgan had done most of the work, while ho had l?een .conspicuous chiefly for Incapacity and for an apparent lack of personal cour age. Soon afterward- . (Jates entered Into the schemes of tho "Oontfay ^Ca }>al," whose object it was to have him appointed in Washington's stead as commander-in-chief. For a time he was president of the newly Orga nixed board of war, but was detected in sev eral falsehoods, liecame discredited and withdrew In 1778 to his farm in Virginia, where lie remained until I7?y, he wns put ill i'otn,,, I the Army uf the Houth. 3 Owliig chiefly to Ills wretched J alslilp, hi* torn* were totaUy ,i,.fJ ed near ('<autddn. 8. r., liy U?nt vvalils, Hint ho was superseded hv <A { J ivcuo. A Court of Inquiry, ?ri,.l long of 1>U roi?i.u(l iirtUy acquitted him. (;*t*H ag?tn ttred to hln Virginia furui, a,i.| u tbt* u?> until 1T90, when, h f t ? r fre*. hii alive*, ho removal to X\>\V where he remained until his dm April 10, tHOtl -Washington l\*t. 101, ' He Never Worried. IMncua Zatulove, who never worrl died Monday at the age of 101 y? uml neveu months. ills home w?n Now York city. On July ft. IiIh hit day, hln four ohlhlron, thirty^ grandchildren am! fifteen great gn ohlhlren gathered at his home, a despite hl? yearn, JMncus Zatuleve * tHo life of the party. Total aWluonce from worry I long walks, plenty of fresh air i moderate lmlulgonoo In tobacco j liquor Wftdfi WP 56at?h?reV lj life recipe. He was horn near K| Uusslu, and come to the United sta thirty -Ave years ago. Until two yearn ago he was engaged In the i a ufacture of shirts. At that timu retired from business. Ills wife d fourteen years ago. Handicapped. Arthur Clemtiuttf, Justice o?j Peace, was candidate for re-elect In Saginaw, Mich. Having lost 'j aims' in a mlno accident never d ai?o, he was elected two year- ax> |l?e Republican ticket and has proi an efficient officer. Through the i of ingenious contrivances he Is a to turn the leives of aw book.;, vj and answer the telephone all hy 1 uftei^of his teeth. Opposed to Cleum on the IHnnocratlc picket, was Ueo R. Hensmith, selected by his party order that he might not have au ] vantage over hik opponent Hensia has uo legs. Train ? "4^ '..il ..I 'H-I" i Tours One Way Through Panama Canal and am TO THE Calilornia JUNE ? JULY DURING august VIA THE i ' s- ~?7.Vi :if*r Seaboard Air Line Railway Tlie Tours ?wlll consume 20 to 50 days, Including ALL such as Railroad and Steamship fares; Pullman and Htatcrooni dining cnr and steamship meals; the highest' class hotels plan, excepting I?s Angeles and Sail FranclaCo where rooms obi# ROUTES (Htlllf CAV.Vl'*'"^ a**w*t ? furnished ; attractive sightseeing and side-trips. MANY l^?MS M Including Denver, Gorge, Halt Lake Cf Arszona, Orange Gi torta? VaM^erfthe8^?^ Ricky" Mountains, St. aii t rains -equipped with ALL STEEL PnHauui towing room, state room compartment and observation cars and diners for the exclusive lJJ of our parties for the entire trip. Personally conducted and satisfacto rily chaperoned. Ladles uneseorted assured of every attention- -z The highest class of service and the ^BEST OlFEVEB YTH IN G" ery where. ^ WrUolor booklet and detailed information. GATTIS TOURIST _ Jin ji ? ?i i ? ? i n i " W ? - --1 - ? ? * z . ^ "s ? f ? TMrlit Ajfefcla, 8. A. L Ry.