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Ciotl una Our Nutlvo l.unti CAMDEN VOLUME. VII r !>:*? . ^ THE OLD AND THE NEW COMPARED. -(cHANUKS MAMS IN TIIK NKW CONSTITUTION. , .. . . ? * A Itevlew 6t all the Important Changes In Kucjt Article una the New l*ulnts by the Chairman off (ho Committee lu , , ""1"!.^. Charge. E?3pXT.yvi ' v SS#l 1 w ? ? The following are condonsed state wobts oi IheAiaugea mado in tho Con stitution of the State by tho present ConvebUon have been furnished by ro quoat totheCharlostou Nowh and Cou rier. Thoy a**1 of tho highost author -- vity and of special interest, ' NUFKKAUK, 'Win cfcseutial difference between tho "V limttetioto* on tho suffrage now amjj under the o^il Constitution is tbisf Undergo Constitution of 1868 every toale-'pStsoh 31 years of age, not labor inj^uuder certain diHabilitios for orltno, was a voter, under the registration law ho had to have a registration cor ^ tiflcate. which had to bo changed ^ every time ho changed his residence, even, in tho same township, and tho renewal of cortitlcatcs was hedgod aboufc-witli many restriotione. Under thclljfty Constitution tho voter must eitfflrbo able to read and write or un derstand and explain any section of th<r Constitution submitted to him by tno registration officer bo fore he is eli gible -to registration. This clastio provision otijy lasts to tho 1st of ?Jan uary* 1808, aud undor it only one elec tion will bo hold, after which tho ap - piiOWfit Tor registration, and therefore tho Voter, must be able to road aud writo, or have $300 worth of proper ty. The provisions iu regard to rogistra . lion if^ro not at all difllcult or onerous, ftiul t'Y^ry .safeguard that exists iu ql . ino?? ai?y Constitution of auy other f$M, Slate is thrown around tho purity of ? T -the ballot and honesty of tho count. Tho Constitution of 18(?8 based oiti ----- ssenship upon mnjjJiood, the presont Constitution bases it on intelligence, and is a virtual ouactinont to carry out ? the eight-box law, wluoh of itself was an, educational qualification . The clastio provision whioh allows \ registration for two years to tho illit . orate who can understand and explain any- sootion, of the Constitution was made nccessary by the existence among us of & large number of worthy whito and black citizens' who are worthy of ? tho ballot by roason of their intclli ?-'?~goiroc ~ "Bud' ^VTopetty who otherwise ~ . would havo beeu disfranchised. B. R. Tillman, Chairman. lboislativb auth'Ijb. * In framing the artiole of the consti tution known as tho Legislative De ll , partraont tho ccm^ention has kopt eloso 1 to Uxat. article in tho constitution of , making suoh ehanges as wero considered important and .adding such sections atj, were thought to be ncces . * sary. The number of sections in tho old constitution was thirty-throe. "Tho ' new has thirty-seven. Th^four addi iiotant sections are as follows: r _ . *7?7 161. Makiiig it unlawful for;, white persons alid negroes or mulattoes to tua'rry where there is one-eighth or more of negro blood. , 2d. Making it the duty of tho Gon oral Assembly to onaot laws limiting t the number of acres of land which any alien yr any corporation coqmosed of . aliens may own within the St?fe 0* 8d. forbidding the General Assem bly to authori'&Ttlft payment to any person .the. salary of a - deceased officer -beyond tho date of his death nor to v grant pensions except for military and naval service, nor to retire any officer ,t *on pay or part pay; ? su,--..?*. 4th. Not to allow the General A's ?, sembly to enact local or special laws on certain subjects aud for certain pur poses. 1 Ten of these are enumerated and the '"?^Gww^pth 8ubdivisio??covers all other <nHTCHrftsv3ro a gouerfcl law can bo mado applicable. Under tw old constitution oaoh bill before it had tto ?orcc of law had to be read three timos in each houso and signed in the senate honso by the Presi dent of the-^enate and tho Speaker of the House iff Representatives. This is simplified in the new constitution by -omitting "in the Senate, house" and by ~ allowing "each branch of the Goneral, Assembly to make rules io have^^fCj the first and tffod reading of bills read by their title only. Time is money, especially in legis lating for the State, and the timo Saved by the foregoing provisions will resufy in the saving of thousands of dollars. The old constitution did not allow . any one to hold a rest fa the General ' Assembly j while holding any other office of profit or trust, except officer* in the militia, magistrates or justices j oCioferl<$- courts, who received no ? salttrjr. r ~ v The new constitution in dealing with the tbove proration adds to the words "profit ahcl trust" the word "position" And excepts only officers in the militia *nd notaries public. Perhaps the moat inaporUnt changes are made m the section granting the homestead exemption. One of these makes the title to the homestead to be est off and assigned absolute and forever discharges from it all debta thea existing, or thereafter coatraeted. Ws? of coarse, doee not ^Under the old constitution the homo atoml in lands was not to oxooed ono thousand dollar#, or flvo hundred dol lars in personal property, leaving it in the power of the Legislature to make both of thoso amount* loaa, if it saw proper to do so. In the new constitu tion thitt cannot bo dona. In tho old constitution no provision was mHdo for an oxomption inporsonal property for those not luing heads of families. In tho new, attviho neces sary wearing api^rel a^ personal property to tho auionnt of throo hun dred dollars may l?e exomptod to such persons. It is also further provided that tho husband caunot mortgage tho homestead without tho wifu joius him in giving the mortgage thereupon . Tho homestead exemption is not all that a largo miuority of tho Conven tion desired it to be, but in tho opiuion of many it is thought to be suporfor in many respects to tho oxomption pro vided for in tho old Contention. It is to bo hopod that no poor woman and her childreon in tho State will ever bo driven from the homo net off undor its provisions. J. A. Bligh. executive department. In tho old Constitution the buard of managers of each precinct- woro ro quired to scud tho returns for the voto of Governor to tho Secretary of State, who haudedthem to the Speaker of tho House of Representatives upon the assembling of that body, whoro tho votes were tubulated and the result de clared. In the now, the board of ean vasssrs of each county wend their 10 turhs of tho entire county vote to tho Secretary of tho Stale, who hands it to tho Speakor of tho Houso ou tho as sembling of that body and tho voto is then tabulated and tho result declar ed as before. Tho following new provisions have boon added: J 1. The Gonera^-Apftoinbly is required to provide for a board of pardons to whom tho Governor may - refer all petitions for pardon whoBo recom mendations ho may adopt, but in caso ho does not adopt tho suggestions of such board ho must givo his reasons therefor to the General Assembly. 2. All boards of public instructions when required by tho Govoruor, shall givo him information in writing in re gard to ibfjtar instiutions, including itomizodWaeount of receipts and dis bursements. 3. Whenever the Governor shall bo informod by affidavit that any county or other officer who has chargo of' public or trust funds iB probably guilty of embozlomont, or of appropriating public funds to private use, ho chall direct the immediate prosocution of said officer and, upon true bill found, shall suspend him and appoint auothor in his stead . until acquiticiL If con victod tho oftlco shall bo dcolared va cant and flllod as provided by law. 4. The Governor is given tho right to veto any section or item of an ap propriation bill without vetoing or invalidating tho remainder of tho bill. C. M. Kfird, Chairman of CommittOo on Executive Department. ^ JCUICIAI. ORFAKTHKNT, Article 4, as adopted by tlio Con vention, changes thai artiolo of tho Constitution of 13438 in these rcspoots: 1. As to the Oonrts: Those there oreated were: The Su preme Court, tho Court of Commou Pleas andJhe Court _ol General -Ses sions, (called Circuit Courts,) .Probate Courts, Justico of the- Peaooj (since denominated trial justioes,) and "such municipal and other iuferior Courts as limy be deemed necessary," (wliii^ tho Supremo Court construed to mean Courts with no greater jurisdiction tlmu trial justices or Justices of the Pcaco. ) The chauges are : (a) The Probate Court continues as to Charleston County. As _to other couuties it continues iu each until a County Court may bo established, ttp ou whi^K^event^ it bpcoiues absorbod inJhe"$tter. (b) '^Justices of the Peace" are sup planted by "Magistrates." (o) For "such municipal and other inferior Courts as^may bo doomed nec essary" is tho following: "Tho General Assembly may also establish C6unty Courts, municipal Courts and j^ich Courts in any or all of the eouitujB of this State inferior to Circuit Courts as may be doomed necessary, but none of sueli Courts shall ever be vestod with jurisdiction to try cases of murder, manslaughter, rape or attemut to rape, arson, com - mon law burglary, bribery or perjury: I Provided, before a Cotiuiy Court shall I^OMestablished in anj county it must be submitted to the qualified eleotors, ' 'and a majority of those voting must voto for its establishment. Kach county hah tho righ^to seoure County Courts by voting for thoir ea k tablishmeut. Tho general Assembly has the power ; to orcafe any other kinder of Court*, (below Circuit Courts,) municipal or otherwise, without an eleotion. j 2. As to judicial officers : (a) Tho 8 u pre the Court will consist of n Chief Justice and three Associate \ Justices, iu stead of two, the additional 'Justfoe to be elected the next session of t^e General Assembly. The term of o4ch of the four is to be eight years, instead of six. Tn order to reverse Jhe decision of the Circuit Judge tibre* mnst concur. If the four Supreme ) Court Jnstioer are equally divided th* decision below stands, unless the Court (upon request of two of the Justioes) I calls ia the full Bench of Cinrait ' Judges, (omitting the trial Jodfe,) whereupon the opinion of the majority of ill the Jaeticea and Judges prevails. This ia tery osuch -Jike the oM Court of Enrfrs of 1869. Ab) lUBopnae Court is required jt^ ait "atleaat twiea" ia eaeh year ia 'sMad of "tt ltMl o***." (e) Vo JMdn or JasNoa ia alknred ^1r?<aw ?s tliil WW wiii (d) Tho term -ot' tho Supremo Court | .olerkaud Supremo Court reportor i? in a do four yearn iticitoftd of two. (e) a lawyer of flvo years' praotiee is eligibly as.Chief Justice or Associate J astico of tho Bupromo Court or as Cirouit Judge when 26 years of ago. Heretofore the a*o was AO. (f) Etoli Cirouit Judge is to be oloo toil by viva vooe voto of (he Goneral I Assembly instead of by ballot, au\J must bo n ii'siilcut of liin cirouit whon elected. (g) Judges aro uo longer permuted to "rttato the testimony" to tbo jury. (h) In (nose counties where Couuty Courts may bo established tbo General Assembly may provide for cleotiou of 'h count v solicitor iu tbo plaoo anil stead of tho oircuit solicitor. (i) A snftioiout number of magistra tes will be appointed for each couuty by the Governor, by and with tbo advice and consent of tho Senate. 3. As to jurisdiction :? (a) Tho Sypremo Court, in additiou to its present jurisdiction, will, in ap peals in cases in ohaucory, loviow tho ilndings of fact aa well as tho law, ox cept wlioro the facts are Bottled by a jury aud the verdict not set asido. (b) The Supremo Court is ompowor od "to issuo writs or orders of injunc tion, maqdaraus, quo V^rranto, pro hibition, certiorari, habeas corpus and other original and remedial writs;" in stead of "totiBSue writs of injunction, mandamus, quo \Varruuto, habeas oor puB, and euoli other original uud ro medial writs fts may bo nocessary to give it a general supervisory control over all other Courts in tho State." (c) The common J'leas will have jurisdiction in all oivil oasos and ap pellate jurisdiction in all eases within tho jurisdiction of 1 inforior Courts, excopt from those inferior Courts from which tlie General Assembly may pro vido an appeal directly to the Supreme Court. . (d) Tho General Sessions will havo jurisdiction iu all cases except such ofWtooes as the General Assembly may assign to tbo exclusive jurisdiction of magistrates. It will havo appellate jurisdiction in all oriminal oases with in the jurisdiction of inforior Courts. This' enlarges the jurisdiction of tho General Sessions by giving it concur* rcut jurisdiction with inferior Courts, except as tbo (General Assembly w^ay otherwise provide; but oxclusivo juris diction cannot bo given to <bo iuforior Court iu cases of riot, nwiult and ' battery and larceny. \ (o) Tho Probate Court jurisdiction remains unchanged. ' - (f) Magistrates' jurisdiction, civil aud criminal, will be such as tho (ten oral Assembly may pescribo; it cannot bo greater than the present jurisdic tion of trial justices; it may bo less. 4. Genoral matters: (a) All persona oharged with an of fence are entitled to demand and obt ain a trial byjurr. . - (ty In afl Courts inferior to Circuit Courts the jury will conBist of six. (y) In those counties where niMjie trafes havo separate and exclusivo ter ritorial jurisdiction criminal cases must bo tried in tho district where tho offenco was committed, subject to tbo law of change 6f venue. ? (d) Whonefe!r an appeal to the Su promo Court involves a question of Constitutional' law, or of conflict be tween the Constitution and laws of this State and of the United States, or be tween the duties and obligations of her citizens thorfcunder and tho Oburt is not agroed upon it, they may ca'l to tboir assistance the Circuit Judges and tho decision of a majority of tho Jus tices and Judges will bo flual. (e) Circuit Courts and all Courts in ferior thereto will havo tho power to impose sentonco of labor upon high ways, streets ami dthcr public works "POOL persons by them sentenced to im prisonment. Heretofore that power was only in Circuit Courts. (f) Judges aro required to fllo their decisions witbiu sixty days from the rising of tjfo last Court of tho circuit then being held instead of from the last day of the torm of Court at which tho causes were heard. (g) The present trial justices aro cre ated magistratc/i toud so continue till their terms as trial justices would havo expired. . (h) All matter*, civil and criminal, now pendiug.1!1 suy of the Courts con tinue therein tmNttsposcd of according to law. Stanyarno Wilson. COUNTY AND COUNTY < ;<> v kkn m p. n i . Tho essential differences in the for mation of t??W cmintfe? t?ude?< 4W <44 Constitution and the new aro as follows: Under tho old Constitution the Goneral Assembly had the power at any timoto organize now counties by obangingtbe boiiLdariofl of any of thg o]d ouw, but no Jew county could be formed of less arc4 than six hundred and twenty-five square miles, nor could any existing county be rodueed to a les* area than air ? hundred and twenty-fire square miles. Under the new Constitution, one third of the qualified voleT?witbin the area to be out are required to petition tho Governor for the creation of a hew county eetting forth boundaries, etc. The Gorernor is required to order an election within reasonable timjtby the qnalifled voters within the proposed area and at the same time tho question of a name and a county seat for such county shall >e submitted to the elec tion. If two-thirds of the qualified elector* voting at such election shall vote yes, then the General Assembly ?hall establish the new eonnty. ? No section of the county proposed to be dismembered ahall be cut off with out Mfepeat by a two-thirds role of tboee-rotiaf in snob eeetion. Anel#o-| tion on lb* qoettion of forming tbe r aaass proposed near eontrty shall not be held ofWatC/than one* in four years. 1 No mw ooanty formed eball have I? a nswid triable property than we and one Iwdf milK^pa ef ^ollara, mm MTU Sh! than two million dollars, nor to hws population thun fifteen thousand in habitants. No uew county shall l?o cut within eight of its Court House build ing. Tho Genert I Assembly shall have the power to alter couuty linos: Pro vided, that before any existing county lino is charged two-thirds yf the voters within the territory to be tukcu from ono county jpul given to uuother shall vote for same : v l'rovidoil the changn ? docs not reduce the county from whioh the territory in taken below the limits as prescribed above. No couuty Boat shall be removed except by a two-thirds vote of tho qualified electors of said county voting in uu election hold of Haid county voting in affelcction held for that purpose. v J. Thomas Austin, Chairman Committee Counties aud Couuty Goverumout. I'KN A l> AND CUAUITAHUK INSTITUTIONS, The following changed are made in tho article of the old Constitution: The uaute of tho liunatio Asylum has been change to "State Hospital for the Insane." The regents appvdut all the physicists olltcers and employees, exoopt tho superintendent, who is an pointed l>v the Governor, ?? formerly. Convicts seutenced to hard labor by auy of the Courts of this State may bo omploycd upon the public works of the State or counties, and upou highways. Provision may be mado by tho Geuor* i nl Assembly lor tho establishment of a Stute reformatory for juvenile often-, j dcrs. (Convicts from tho Penitentiary, j when hired or farrnod out, shall bo un- ! dor the direction of officers of the j Penitentiary. W. J. (loading, Chairman. hi k Minim, Tlio article on military, as it will np- I pear in the new Const itnti on, ban (lye i sections, while that of the old Consti tution has three sections. Tho difference consists in the gener al clmngo of phraseology and condens ing of language, besides the addition of Suction '2, exempting from arrest .the volunteer forces while on duty, mustering, etc. and tho further addi tion also of Section 5, making it man datory on tho General Assembly, at itH ; first session after tho adoption of the now Constitution, to ninko ample pro vision by statute to pension disabled and indigent Coul'edernte soldiers and tho widows of Confederate soldiers. J. W. Floyd, Chairman. lUrKACHMRNT. The only chuugcs in the article on ' impeachments from tho old Constitu tion arc: First. Vacancies occasioned pond ing tho impeachment trial "arre to bo tilled" in such manner as inay-fle pro vided by law. Socond. Porsous under impeach ment sliull have tho right to bo heard in their own do fence, "or by counsel, or both." ; 1MMK. Cooper, Chairman. jkjnAnch and taxation. JPhe ch^ngcs mado by the present yojhfctitutlon in Article's of tho Con snUinion of 1878 f^to as follows: tu addition to tho power given to tho Qoneral Assembly to provido for a uniform oud equal rate of assessment and taxation an) to prescribe such re gulations as shall secure a just valua tion for taxwCfiw-of all property, re*1, personal a*d possessory, oxccpt mines .aud mining claims, tho prooeeds of whioli alone shall be taxed, aud also excepting such property as may be ex empted by law for municipal, educa tional, literary, scientific, religious or charitable purposes, tho artielo pro vides that the General Assemble may impose a capitation tax upou such do mestic animal* as, from their nature aud habits, arc destructive pf-~6tbor ptyjpcrty, and also for a tax upou in comes and occupations. The poll tax remaiua the same as heretofore; the two-mill tax for educa tional purposes has bjen increased to three mills. The General Assembly is prohibited from pledging or loaning tho credit of tho Stato to any iud^'iduul, company, association jir corporation or becoming a joint owner, or stockholder in any company oiv corporation, nor shall it have tji^ power to authorize any county or tow nship to levy a tax for any pur pose except for education purposes, to build and repair public roads, build ings and bridges, to maintain and sup port prisoners, pay jurors, county of ficers and for litigation, quarantine and oxpeh*es of Courts, to support paupers Trod- pay -TO^.;iridehtcdness, nor issue bonds m aid oMuHiding railroads. A uniform valuation of property for tax ation is provided for, und assessments for county, school district and munici pal purposes must be levied upon tho basis of the State assessment. W. 1). Evans, Chairman Committee on Finance ~and Taxation. J* liKN't K ycctiou 1, rotative r.tfie appoint ment of arbitrator*, i? taken from tho Constitution of 1868. Soction 2, in Addition to the provia ions of the old Constitution aw to "change of venue," reada: "The State shall have the Mme right to m ?ve for ? change of vemjethet a defendant has for such offenses as the General Assem bly may prescribe. Unless a change of venue haa been bad under the pro* Tiaibna of this article, ? tho defendant shall be tried in the county where the oifenoc ?as Committed: Provided* Jiowever, that no change of venue shall be granted in criminal catee until af* ter a true bill has been found by tlie Sand jury: And provided , further, at if a change be ordered H shall be is a county in th* same jd<tWaI cir cuit. , . : ftectioa S nMm. the *U for tfce *ftwffotaa " tirely now provision, and is intended to remedy tho existing evil of having, iu suits, to specially plead Jjjud pw>ve tjlatutes whioh wore not of ?uoh a geu oral character ?h to require tho Courts to tqko judicial cognizance of. Section f>, uo\vr provides for h com missioner whoso duties shall bo gen orally to index tho Acts of each session boforo being published yearly, (which has heretofore beon douo by a spooinl ..appointee for S'JftO per annum;) to col lect tho Acts of each year and revise the Hftiuo wyhtomaticnlly aud prepare them for the inspection of a committeo of the General Assembly, whose olHco it shall be to report tho progress of his work at each notion; to prepare from .all the Acts ho parsed ?.nd colleetod "u systematic code, including tho Code of Civil Procedure," and report tho Name to tho (General Assembly on tho llrst day of tho session for tho year 1900, whioh report shall remain in the lwifuls of tho members until tho next session, when it shall ho considered and adopted. This shall bo done again at tho end of every subsequent period of ton years. This code shall contain all the general statutory law of tho State, except that pushed at. tho session of its adoption Tho section guards carefully against additions or alterations under tho guise of amendments without tho for malities of a bill. The section fiu 11 : provides that the compensation >i tho commissioner filial! not exceed ft 500 per annum.. (Tho work 1\ rctoforo has eo&t at tho rate of over $1,100 per uniimu. ) The section in tho old constitution looked only to a collection of tho Gou eral Statutes, having no higher v duo than a collection made as a private en terprise. , Section t? is known as the anti lynch ing n-eliori. and is tho first. attempt over made to punish tho officer in charge of the prisoner Ivuvhod aud to require the county to pay damages This was not ropoited in the original uHiole, but was otVel'ed by Mr. Bel linger as an amc'udnienl, the commit-- J too declining to iccoinmeud it. Tho artiolo in the old constitution consisted of three sections; tho new article is composed of Mis. C'l. PlNOAN itKt>li1NGKK, Chairmen. 1'HK NKW ItlCll liAN l> lis Klrnt Shipment of <loo<ls Jladc Very Marly# Tlio Kichlaud Cotton "Mills have broken tho rooord for* oarly shipments ??f goods to market. , Tb\s mill ban mado itw first shipment of goods from tbrco to six months earlier tlmu mi I Id of its si/<e arc usually able to do. It is a beginning that President Whaley bus every reason t<( bo prosd of. Tbo mill is now ruuning\ight along and Presi dent Whaley says. yTho fjrospeots with/ the present murky< are all I hut cau be dosired." j Tbo Columbian Stato 'baa been pro Minted with a ham pi o of tbo exccllont product of tbo miH, a beantifnl spoei ' irion of lino goods, whioh nro displayed *in tbo office windows, so tbnt bo who runs may read tbo 'signs of the times. Tho texture and finish* of tho cloth is unusually flue. \ Tersely expressed tbo record of tfiis mil] isaa follows, and it speaks for itself: On Monday, fob. 4, 1895,. thuRich lund Cotton mills organ irrfiff by elcct-' ing a board of directors and other offi cers. Tho first call of 20 per eeut. of tho amount subscribed to tho capital stock \ra4 pindo on Fob. 15. Tho boa{d of corporators roccivod tho charter for tbo mill on tho 18th of Feb., lftjfc. Ou the first of cach conseontivo mouth a call of 10 por e?nt. was issued to cach shareholder to bo paid on the 15tb. Tho calls ' were paid up very promptly. Ou Fob. 20. work ou the site was commenced, all orders for material and machinery liaviug boon placed. Brick work begun on March !?th. From that tiino tho work was pushed rapidly to completion. On Oct. 5, at three iniuutes of 2 i?. in", cotton was started through the openers, and, although delayed by some tardy machinery and repairs to tho looms, which wcro caused by some minor p&rts going wrong, cloth ws? made and work w<v* pushed so thay* shipment of nine hklcs of 18 twills <vo*' made on Nov. 2H, 181)5, ''Thauktffciv ing day," over tho South Carolina and Georgia, by steamor to New York, they thus reaching New York Monday, ex actly two day a less thau 10 mouthfc from tho organization of the company, which nns oh the >Jtb of Feb., 1895. Times Iletter. Wo believe what the Yorkville cor rfijapMiHifut of the Nc'wh k Courier says about York county can bo tiuthfully said about every county in tho State:' There m ]rm grunjbling and Com" plaining by the farmers in this section on accouut hard timca this fall than ever heard Iw-tore, not oxt opting the years when they received 15 and 18 cents for their cotton, and mado largo crojat of it. Tbey seem to haro moro cash thau ever before, and are able to buy and pay for what tbey need, and have also paid their store accounts for the year, which wae very small, and havo paid/MOiHe old debts. They seem at lost to thoroughly understand that the living at homo policy which wan forced on them iav> or threa Tears mgo by their inability to furnish the supply, men with m satisfactory basis of cred it, is , reeponaible for their pretest eon dttioo^ud tho ontlook is tfcat Ujv, farmeh^of YorkvilU wiAisot *xdl for jvttfee 12m? for wluah tbey\mm* bt*m parts* ao 4**lr touimg ikipmt THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.1 ? ? FOIIKKSN A K FA I It8 DlSSCtJSSlCO. j Our Relations W It It 'I'll u Cubuu Insurrection and American MuSSlVCros, etc. Oil J lUMjiluj' nt UOon (ho long-ex poe* tod Message from Vrcoideut Cleveland Was reail beforo Cougrosij. Tho doo 11 incut was very lengthy, but below will bo found its salient uointu: Totho C^uyrcss of the Stat, -a: The present BSK()fliblugo of tbo legis lative branch of our government ocVura at a tiiuo wlion tho interests of <tur people anil tho needs of tho countYy ' givo to tho condition of our foreign' relations and tho exigencies of our national finances epecial importance. Tho reports of tho heads of tho several administration departments of tho government fully ami plainly ex hibit what has been accomplished within tho scopo of their respoctivo duties, and prosout such recommenda tions for tho bottormcut of our coun try's comlition an patriotic and intelli gent labor and observation suggest. After roviowing in a goneral way tho reports referred to tho Presidents' pro ceeds. Tho resumption of speoio payment* by Chili is a typo of great in to lost and importance both in its direct oonso quouces upon her own welfare, and as an evidonoo yi tliov aaoondeucy of uuund financial principles in ono of th<y most inifiiotitial of tho Houth American re publics. i take pleusnro in calling to your at tention tho encomiums bestowed on thoso vessels of our now nfcvy which took part in tho notablo ccromony of tho Kiel Canal. Our relations with Great Britinn, al ways intimate and important, have de manded during tbo past yen r oven ? greater shuro of consideration than ia usual. Hevoral vexatious ^questions wore left undetermined by tho decision of theBchring rit?? arbitration tribunal. Tho application of tho principles laid down by that august body lnts not been followed by the results they wore in tended to accomplish, because their ex ecution has been more or lews iin per feet. Tho understanding by which tho United States wp? td/pay and Great' Hritian to reoetvo a! lump sum of ^425^000 in full settlement of all Brit ish claims for/ damages arising from J onr soiztiro of British scaling vessels unauthorized under tho uward of the J p?rish tribunal of ftrbitration was not I confirmed by tho last Congress, which I declined to make tho necessary appro- I priation, I am still of tho opinion that this orrangemont was a judicious und advantagcons ono for the Government, I and 1 earnestly recommend that it bo again considered and sanctioned. Not withstanding thut Great Britain origi nated tho proposal to enforce interna- I tional rules, for tho prevention of col lisions at sea. VCNKZUtLA fcoDMMfl* lHfO'CrK. It being apparent that tho boundary dis putebetweon (Iront Britain ahd the Tfoimlj- 1 Wo of Venezuela concerning tbo limits of British Guiana was approaching an acuto st??o, a doilnito statement of Interest and I policy of tho United Bta/ca u* regards tlio controversy seemed to bof required both on It* own account and io vi*w of its relations With tho frlondl* powors directly concerned. ,v July last, therefore, it dispatch was ad dressed to our embassador at L ?udou for communication to tho British government.!/! which the attitude of tlio United States was fully and distinctly set forth. 'J in general conclusions theroln reached and fortntilated I arc 'n SubRtautc that the traditional anil j established policy of " thW government is firmly opposed to a forcible iucroaao by auv I European power of Its territorial possesion's on this continent; that th<s polW h as well -founded iu principle oa ICnU Strongly hum. portcd by numerous precedents; that an a consequence the United Statc^Ts hound to I protect against tho enlargement of tho area of British Ouiaua iu derogation of tin- riKlils and against will of Venezuela; tlis territorial dispute between them can be reasonably net tled only by .friendly and Impartial arbitration, and that tbe resort to such arbitration .should include the whole controvcrfcy and is not wit isflcd If one of tho powers concurned Is | *t mitted to draw an arbitrary liuo through llio territory In debate and to doolare that it w;i. submit to arbitration only tho portion lying on one side of it. In view of theso eonwlus ions, tho dispatch in question called upon the llritish government for a definite Answer to tho question whether It would or would Hot submit thrfljyjgory controversy hctweim Itself and VfidMratflfrTn ' its entrnTy to IniT.'m*:"' Ual arbitration. The answer of the Jirlttoh government has not yet boon rcu-lvcd, but is oxpected shortly, when further conimunl catlon on tho subject will probably l?o tuade to the Congress. TIME COHAN IMtUJtBK^IiOX. Cuba fa again 'graVoly disturbed. Au in surrection, (u Home mpeoti inoro acUvo than tho lust pruceodlng. ruvolt, whi'jj con-' tinucd from 1060 t? 1878. now exi.sls ia n largo part ot tho eastern interior of lli?t 1? land' menacing even Home popuiatlon'on th? Coast, besides deranging tho dftgrncrcla) >>x - change ot tha IslanotJT which ??t?r country taken tho predominant share. Thto flagrant condition of hostility by aroauing sentiment* I Sympathy and inciting adventurous support among our people has entailed earnest effort on the part of this government to enforce obedlenoe to our neutrality lawa and to pre. ?eat this territory of the United States from being abused as a vantage ground from which to aid those In arms against Hp4iui .li sovereignty. Whatever may be the tradi tional sympathy of our countrymen n? indi viduals the plain duty ol their government h to observe good tstth In the reco?j?l*M ob ligations oi iQisonf rrtsHoaahip IIWMV4 IMIDBfl* Occurrences hp Turkey hare continue! to eaeHe >imo?a. *Hs nyoHM vassscrc* ofi is? out VIXANCIAl. HIIUVUON. As wo turn from a review of our forolgn relutlous the contemplation of our uutiQu #1 Mtuntlou wo nro immediately * mvfuo tlui\ vfe approach u of domes tic concern moro important than any other that can engage onr attention, and ouo at present in mi !i a perplexing and delicato predicament as to require prompt and wise treatment, Hy command of tho people a customs rove nuosystein, designed for tlio protection a*nd hvncllt of favovod classes at tlio oxponae of the Kifid uuissea ?>f our countrymen, and which, while lu<>niclcut for tlio purposo of revenue, omlullod our trado relations Wld impeded our ontrnnce to thn^mrkcts of the World, lift't been suporHeodwl by a tarllT ?f policy, wlMeli in principle pt^aftod upon iv denial of tho right of tho government to obstruct tho avenue* t< ? our peoples' cheap living f?f lessen their comfort and content ment, for the euko of according espoclal ad vantages to fawrlteti, and whioh. whilo cucouraglng our i at Or lor ami trado with other nations, recognizes thp fact that Ameri can self-reliance, thrift, am? Jtigonulty cau ?mild up our country's industries 3lfd.dayeloj? . Its resources moro surely than an enervating ?," pulcreullsm ia February, 1805. thprofortVTSWfc stji situation wiui exceedingly critical;' Tho results of prior bond Issues bad boort etccidiugly unaat la factory. and tho largo withdrawal* of gold immediately succeeding b> their public wale in open market gavoriaotu a reasonable suspicion that a largo part of the wold poid Into th?? tivaadry mH>n? sueh ? nalcH was promptly drawn out itgaln by tho presentation ofd'oHed Htat<?s notes or iroaa - u ry notes mid found !W way to tho hands of thoKO who had only temporarily parted with It lu the purchase o^ bonds. The measure tliou takes up tho xepoal of . the silver purchase clause, says It nndor- ? mined coalldmioo and produced the panic, Tlio history of the issue and partial roaowp t ion of- United states notes is givou at l^Mgtll.' 00I4> llKSVltYK. Ktress 1h laid on tho Importance of the gold icaorve. Loss of gold w nttrlbntod to tho <yn!<teuco of Treasury notes. Tho rise and fall of (ho reserve is followed, and tho histo ry of the bond Isuiuw, matters that aro farnl I far to our readers, aro rehearnod in dotail. Then follows n history of the contract with' the bond syndicate. "1 rfavo uover had fho slightest misgivings eonwvnluu the vvisdoul or propriety.- of thnfcvw. arrauKcuiHut." . As to further gold withdrawal# Jt says: (Julto large withdrawals for Hbtpnnut In the Immediate future aro predicted in wt|}l In formed quartern. About $<10,000,000 fcfc* been withdrawn during tho mobtn of Noveg^ bcr. Thci foregoing statement of counts nod condition, doveiopa: tho fact that after in creasing our Interest beariug bonded ludobt t-dness more than ? !?;!, 000, 000 to shvo our gold reserve, wo aro iTcurly whoro wo started, having now in such rescrvo $7'?>,!W3,I?66, aa against in Ifobr laOJ. whon tho llrst bonds wcry issued. Thogoverjunl'iit has paid in gold more than nine-tenths of its Uultod Htatcs notes itnrt still owes thcwi .V.l. It has paid in gold abuut onediaif of its- notCff' "?^a 'or oiivor purchases wltliotit extinguish I 4M>Mi paynnnt one dollar of theso notes. Tho government hits Incurred a bonded ImSobt I'dncps of 500,000 in ? efetnbli^hlng a gold reserve, and of tlt>'2,015,'l(M/ in efforts to mnintnlu 11. J'AVOItH MKriHUMUNT OK IJBKBNlt ACJKtf. Troul'lc Is found Inthorotiromontand cos* <:ellatloii of ourXJnlteitHtAtes notee, common ly called groeuba^ks, and tho outstanding treasury notes issuod by the government in payment of silver purchase? und^r the act of 18W. \ - I iMiJhH'e ihlweottH-bc qalto read Hytggom nlished- by tho oxiUiango of cheso note* for United Btatgs bondA of omall well as large dcncmlufttlonK, bearing a low rato of Inter est. Tho currency withdrawn by the retiremtfot oft he United States hotep ana treasury note*, amounting to probably less than <480,000,000, might be supplied by mioh gold as would >o used on their retirement or by an ihorem^eui ? . the circulation of our national banks, f I fldnk thoy should b? allowed to laaue cir culation equal to tho Mur. value of tho bonds they deposit to seoure Jt, and that the tax on their circulation shquld b? redupod to ne fourth of ono |>er cent., which would un doulnbdly moot all the expense the govern* mont iuaurs on their aooounf. In a general w$y tho President proeeedl to : intimate that the establishment of State banks may be a necessity. As to silver coin- >" ago, he says i ; ? - ; I do not overlook the fact that tho canoella* tion of tiie treasury notes issued under the silver purchasing sot of 1690 Would leave the treasury In the actuai cwvarshlp of suffloient sll vj.'/ including soigniorag^o coin Marly $178,000,000 in standard doUaKSJUls worthy of consideration whether this niqfht not, from timo to time, bo converted Into dollars | or fractional coin and slowly put Into elrcu-*,; latlou as in tho Judgment .of the Beoretaiy j lOUMlt ?0 IU %uw juwqimwm* ,v? , of tho Treasury tho necessities of the coun-i try should roquiro. . J p'HETAttis* txTotsaax. No government, no hummr TJODtrtvanO# act of legislation, has ever been able to fc" tho two metals togcthor In froo colnr-" ratio appreciably different from that r established in tho markots of. the Those who beljcvo that our indowyid <!oinago of sllvorat op' artificial rai gold of 1(3 to 1 wouitT restore tho pa_.w t ween the motals, and consequently betwead tho colas, opposoau unsupported and la* probable theory to tho general boUef Skid practice of other nations, apd to the taaeh ing of tho wisest statcs^fcu und -aoonomlsl at the world, both in tho past and present. The Prcsldont then went 6n to arscue the imprnctability of blmetallsin, Upheld the gold standard as the only truo meaae o# vante, holding that "it does not .Jtlespise sliver nor sock .Jts banishment," and that "such m standard also gives froo ycopo for the use aad expansion of safo and conservative credit." Hm urges tho advocates of frea coln'?',~, *?* silver to ro-oxamine their ,vleWs-?and in tho li^ht of patriotio reason and '* pxiHTHiy. antHo- weigh again TO "tlio consequences of fyion le^sF-**" e (Torts have invited. EyOn_ agitation of tho sulijecf adds ' dinieultlesof a dangeroijftJJ* already forcod upon us. In conclusion I ospeelally entreat the plo'w represcntatlvcsln tbe<~ chnrgea with the rosponsth ting mehsuros for tho safety and of our common country to prpag feetlvely consider the Ills ofoor < nanclal plight. I have suggest**! a i which my Judgmont spprovea. I dc<rtr?\ . ?- : -f tii? tnnt I nm |< 1 1 < ..?y^ ^ la porfoctiiv, .. * . ? t thorough. Ifcf, jtnfff gladly labor with thin; t ? . vrvjkit aeavor to ric titer ih / :??? V.ailmt welfare oi >/\tr ,i v, LioiA j ?peotlvo pi ., J Uate-lia to aorve. T -'Tir. ^ ??., '? ' Th? ICeitUeky UrgUI?Mi?^