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SOAP MAKERS HUNT FDR INGREDIENTS ........... .World Searched to Supply ' Oils and Perfume*. Washington.' ? The United States Is "soap consclsus." " If all the soap normally used in the eountr? In a year were equally dis tributed, every man, woman, and child would be allotted 25 pounds. "In Colonial times, nearly every back yard was a soap factory, H says a bulletin from the National Geograph ic society. ' "When the hardy Colonial housewives sccumulated sufficient fat for a batch of soap, they placed It in a kettle over a fire and added lye which they made from wood ashes. The result was a coarse, soft soap. "Although soap kettles still are In use in remote regions of this country, aoap making has graduated from the back yards of America to huge fac tories employing thousands of men and women and maintaining hundreds of railway cars in which to haul sup plies. The soot-covered kettles of Colonial dayB have given way to huge vats, some of which hold ten carloads of soap. Basic Ingredients. "Despite the growth of the Industry, alkali and fats or oils still are the basic ingredients of soap. Manufac turers find a sufficient supply of al soybean oil the soap maker depends upon Manchurian, Chinese and Japan ese supplies; while for cotton seed oU he has to go no farther than onr cot ton-producing southern states. "Rosin which Is used In the manu facture of laundry soap Is another con tribution from our southern states, but some rosin Is Imported from Prance. Pumice, which became an Important soap Ingredient when worlqnen de manded a soap that would 'cut the dirt* Without Injuring the skin, is im- a ported from the Liparl islands which ? lie northwest of the toe* of Italy, Makes Odors Last. "Musk make* soap odors last long er. Soap maktTH import vegetable musk which is made from the dried roots of an Bast Indian plant, as well as animal musk which Is taken from small sacks which grow on the abdo men of the diminutive male musk deer. These animals are found In Tibet and in the Atlas mountains of northwest Africa. "India, Australia, and the West In dies are the sources of sandalwood oil which Is used as a disinfectant In soap. The fragrant oil . of bergamot is pressed from the rind of fresh fruit of the bergamot tree which thrives in Italy and Sicily, while the lavender plant of France gives hp lavender oil. "Oil of bay Is produced from the Unnamed Fish Killed in Battle Blood on the ocean at Redondo Beach, Calif., caused hundreds of eyes to turn seaward to witness one of the strangest of fish battles. It was a fight to the death between a marlln swordflsh and a giant monster of the deep whose piscatorial Identification Is yet unknown. Hnlf a mile off shore, the huge marlln was leaping high in the air to lunge Its rapier at Its thrashing adversary, splotching the sea with blood at every thrust. The spectacular battle soon ended, with the monster floundering to shore, where It died. It weighed 550 pounds, possessed a tuna-like tall, a small round mouth In a perpendicular face, and large brilliant eyes. kalles within the borders of the United States, but the demands and whims of soap users for soap containing par ticular oils, perfumes and other In gredients, has made soap one of the most; international commodities In the American home. ??If representatives of every race which lfad a part In the production of American-made soap were called together, they would form a heteroge neous crowd. "Animal tallow, an old soap mak er's standby, comes from the slaugh ter houses of the United States, but vegetable tallow Is pressed from the seeds of the Mutszshu tree of South Central and western China. Coconut oil which Is pressed from the dry pulp of coconuts (copra) Is Imported from the Philippines. Nigeria. Belgian Con go, and the Dutch East Indies are nources of palm oil. "Spain,. Italy, Algeria and Greece ?re the sources of the olive oil used In American sonps. Peanut oil, al though obtained from southern Unit ed States, also Is imported from China, Africa, India and South America. For Gown in Wine-Red 1 OutAta ruling among the timely HUg geetlont of tho noaoon In tht* gown in wlne-msd cronhM Tel vet, with peplum kollnMcy. Next Stop, Norway Eddie Schroeder, who wus Chicago's contribution to the American Olympic skating team, has been Selected as a member of the team that will compete with Norway's best skaters at Oslo In January. He is shown getting In some practice In his home city. >411 >4round /Ac House | Epicures prefer only salt and lemon I Juice with avacado pear naiad. ? ? ? i Tinware will not rust if when new ! It Is rubbed with fresh lard and placed in a hot oven for an hour. * * ? To obtain onion Juice, cut an onion 1 in half croaswlflo. With a knife, ncrapo the cut aide of the onion and the Juice will flow. ? ? ? ? When cooking cabbage or cauli flower, put in a piece of celery to keep the odor of the cooking vege table from (jetting out. * ? ? To clean a badly burned pan, first heat over flame and then ncrapo with the prong ends of a clothspln to re move all the burnt particles. * * * When chopping nut meats for cake or candy, Instead of lining a knife use a cookie cutter. It la not no tedi ous and It does the work quickly. * ? ? Put a grapeleaf In bottom of fruit Jar when putting up sweet pickles and a slice of horseradish on top. Then ptit over cool brine. Pickles will aot shrivel, but stay hard. ? ? ? Biscuit dough makes an excellent crust for meat pies. Make a good, rich dough and line the baking dish wlf'h half of It, pour In the meat mixture, top with more crust and bake until crust Is browned. bark of the bay tree of the West In dies ; the Island of Formosa and China ore the sources of ol! of camphor ; while red thyme oil ' comes from an a romantic shrub which grows In Spain snd In the neighborhood of Beyrouth, 8yria. "Rosemary oil comes to American soap factories from Spain and the Dal matian coast; geranium oil from Al / gerla and lteunlon Island In the Indian ocean; oil of Cltronella from Ceylon, Java and , the neighborhood of Sing apore; lemon grass oil from" the East Indies; sunflower seed oil from Rus sia; and bols de rose oil from the rosewood trees of Cayenne and Brazil. The Atlantic ocean supplies many tons of menhaden, small, bony, Inedible flsh which supply a soap oil, while for whale oil ships rove the Atlantic and Pacific from the Arctic to the An tarctic." HEAL THYSELF Br THOMAS ARKLE CLARK Lata Dean of Men, University of Illinois. McCarthy's hair was thinning ? not B(\ that ?t was particularly noticeable to his friends, but there were a good many hairs Id the comb when he got t h r o u g h with his tonsorlal performances 1 n the morning, and he could detect the fact that his brow was gradually even though slowly creeping back and presenting a more noble aspect The barber noticed It, too, as barbers will, and scenting a possible opportu nity for additional profit, suld : "Can't I give you a touic, sir? There Is dandruff on your scalp, you see, and a few nppllcatlous of whls kerlne, I am sure, will do the busi ness. We guarantee It, sir." It sounded convincing to McCarthy, who dreaded baldness as be did false teeth. He was about to yield. He hadn't noticed the barber before, but when he looked up he saw that the man was quite bald, with a shiny baldneBS that leaves no hope for the success of hair tonics. What about the man's own hair, he wondered, but he didn't ask any questions. "No, I think not," he answered, and decided to stick to a gentle manipula tion of the scalp twice a day. As he recalled, a good many barbers are bald. Possibly they never tried their own remedies. Chnpln has been limping around , with a stiff knee for some time, and after trying poultices and liniments and hot applications and bone-setters of various cults, he was persuaded to see a distinguished surg?tf>n In a .dis tant city. He foolishly called on the surgeon without first making an ap pointment In advance only to find the man was out of town. "You see." the office girl explained, "Doctor Haven Is out of town." "Will he be back soon?" Chapln In quired. "I can't quite say," the young wom an said, "he's ? he's ? the fact Is, he has had a very stiff knee for some time, and he has gone down to Mar tlnvllle to try to get himself Into good shape." All of which Indicates nothing, pos Blbly, excepting that it is often easier to cure the Ills of other people ? phys ical, moral, or Intellectual ? than It Is our own. ?, 1932. Wo?tem Newspaper Union. POTPOURRI Cork Spain and Portugal supply most of the world's cork supply, and is some parts of the latter It Is so plentiful that It Is used Instead of wood for many purposes. Cork comes from the bark of the ever green cork-oak tree, which lives for 1.50 years. This outer hark Is stripped every eight or ten years ?. 1 931, W?nt?rn Nawnpaper Union. ODD THINGS AND NEW? By Lame Bode * tPiRfm MAKES 3674 REVOLUTIONS IN A YEAR .... fl?ANCI5C0 lENflNI .. f HE MAN WlfH 3 LBQrS TOPTOISE SHELL CAASSte ARB NOT MADE T*?OM tORTOJSE SHELLS a LM MM IN 8flMBER&.S.C. SU0GB9f?D BY J MCC <?AW WNU Sarrlce. England Jails Many for Debt Increase During Depression Brings Demand for Probe. London. ? There are 24,000 persons In Britain sent to prison for debt every year. They constitute more than 45 per cent of the 00,000 receptions into prison, and public opinion Is ris ing dally against such a system, writes William Hllljnan in Universal Service. "If It were possible, without weak ening the authority of the courts," says Sir John Gllmour, home secre tary, "to reduce the number of per sons sent to prison for non-payment of sums of money, every one would welcome such reform." "A very large proportion of those sent to puison for debt," adds Sir John Gilmour, "are sentenced for non payment of flnes or for failure to com ply with wife maintenance and affilia tion orders and other court orders for payment." Miss Margery Fry. a well-known authority on prisons, thinks that a good case has been made out for a government inquiry Into the system of imprisonment for debt. "Debtor prisoners," she states, "are liable to varying sentences. Imprison ment purges some classes of debt, but not all. Debtor prisoners greatly de creased In numbers during the war years, but have been steadily rU^ng since, and follow with remarkable fidelity the curve of unemployment. Qabby (jERTIE "It's embarrassing to ring up the theater for a box and find that the un dertaker got your order." "The state seems to Imprison not for poverty, but unwillingness to pay, yet the relation between the two Is too close for mere accident. It Is not likely that obstinacy goes up and down with unemployment, whereas It is cer tain that poverty does." In Britain, If a man Is sent to prison for non-payment of his municipal ( taxes, then Imprisonment for a certain term wipes out the debt. But In the case of government taxes, however long the term, the liability still re mains existent. She Keeps Secrets Miss Margaret I^e Hand, having been confidential secretary to Frank lin D. Roosevelt during his term as governor of New York, and his Presi dential campaign, knows a lot Of se crets and Inside stories. But like all good secretaries she does not tell them. Ban on Hats 1,873 Years Old Is Lifted London.? St. Paul's has raised a scriptural ban made 1,873 years ago. Hntless women are now al lowed to worship In the cathedral for the f\rst time since It was built. In his epistle to the Corinthians St. Paul decreed that "every wom an that prayeth or prophesleth with her head uncovered dishon oured her head." Although no definite ruling has been made on this point, In the fu ture Cathedral authorltlen will not expect women with uncovered heads bo leave when services commence. Vergers will not ask hatless women who wish to attend the services to arrange a handkerchief over their heads as they formerly did. 4 SUCH IS LIFE D ? By (hirlct Suqkro* <$> MOM^MSE EWJOy A 8R\SK PAVa LOOK ABOUT WOU? / v , see that L -A TREE J ^7 OUST ( \ loape:o\ wrm / y/siUTS/ American Heroines By LOUISE M. COMSTOCK of Station I r. J* aro circumstances under which the humblest task may de JJSii ,a KberoIsm as ?rear as the moat g ant brandishing of weapons. The ?KC?'-pany of Plone?'" settlers hold ng the fort at Bryant's Station, near Lexington, Ky., during the Indian ?lege of 1782, was In desperate need of ?T- Abot August sun beatmerci. essly down on the clearing, and within the close Interior of the stockade the children became restless, crying for waloh ahndJhe meD kept the,r *rlm atch beside their portholes with parched throats. The nearest source of supply was a small spring outside the fortification 1C?Vm ral ^dS QWny from the Protecting wails. The Indians had divided their force into two bands. One of them, In P ain sight of the defenders of the fort, prowled about the clearing, yell Ing. waving tomnhawks. letting fly ran dom arrows, trying to entice them out Into open battle. The other, lying In ambush near the spring, waited to at. tack them when they ventured forth. But water was necessary. Without >t the little stronghold could not hold on to even Its slim chance of survival. Question was. who should go after it? Were men to appear out side they would simply be playing Into the hnnds of :b? pairing Indians, and both those In ambush and those In the open would Immediately Join In an attack which must prove fatal. The ZZTI ?fJl)e fo^t ou the other hand were n the habit of bringing water into the stockade from the spring every morning. Were they to go about t now In their usual way. the Indians ght conclude their ambush was still undiscovered and would not wish to rhoir""1 . 8 U known nnd defeating their main purpose for the sake of firing on a handful of mere women! 8 the lot was cast. Some of the women terrified by so dangerous a prospect, at first refused to go. There was no little hysteria In the fort ?v. however, spurred on bv the rr.m. CTng0m,S' they n" consented. Grimly they took up their waler buck ets, swung buck the gate of the stock ade and started out across the clear Itrn, t h?mVF ,lttle bnn(1 they were, tralght-shouldered pioneer women In shabby llnsey dresses and broken shoes, wane from anxious days within tlmi of1' , ^ht-Hpped in the expecta t on of Instant death. m puzzled silence the red men watched them. hnnZJ the 8prlnR' niIe(J thelr buckets, one after another, walked back to the fort and through the open N T1,ey h"d well. Not a shot Wad been fired I * ? ? Emily Geiger QEN. NATHANIEL GREENE, whose thf (?OU8 camP?i8n In Georgia and the Carolines eventually won that ter on?.?, f0r >?>? the col onlsts, was retreating before Lord Rawdon from Ninety-Six. When he reached the Broad river word was 25 1 di,;1; ihat the pursuin? had divided forces. He Immediately of"th ? ..th.e.Plan ?f tak,ng n(* vantage this division to make an attack confident that though he had been of iPtnewda*a,n8f the 8Uperl0r nu?bers of itawdon s combined forces, he could ea.ll, defeat ,he two smaller f?ree, taken one at a time, ills own lines were depleted, however, by the recent engagement, his men weary To In sure his success It was necessary to gain the .id of Ge?. ?G?me UTE, " "C?"""s ,h? "f terte, many miles away. The message must be carried through dan gerous country, ridden with Tories rh;7ou?ro,"d "'?????? >? Then there came to General Greene s quarters, offering to undertake this hazardous commission, a young Kirl named Emily Gelger. Of Emily's fam y. of her appearance, we know very I tie. Of her Inter lire we know only that she eventually married a rich Planter and became mistress of a plan tation on the COngerep river. But we do know that General Greene accepted Emily ,,is messenger en trusted ner with a letter to General Sumter, and rend Its contents to her. Just In case of accident. So she act out. mounted on hor.ieback and riding side-saddle. On the Po<.(irHj (lny of |l(if> Journey, she was Intercepted bv Lord fawdons scouts and sharply f|Ilwl. Now Kmlly could not tell ?n untruth without blushing. Her looks were very guilty Imleed. Ll)r(| dons scouts promptly took her oris, oner and confined her In a room In a nearby farmhouse. They sent for an old Tory matron to come and search Alone In the room, waiting for u,o matron, Emily's composure returned Drawlhg out the precious letter she tore It in bits, put It into her mouth Piece by piece, chewed thorn, and swallowed them. The matron entered nnd searched the girl. But her search revealed nothing suspicious, and Emllv was eventually released, to go her way Shortly a Her Emily reached her K'?al. General Sumter's camp, delivered her message, and as a result. Sumter's troops only a little later Joined Greene ht Ora ngeburgh. ^ ItSt. W?*t?rn NAw?|>a[IAr Onion. Joltma and Eras You get a fine slant on the soda', background of an age If you Just know Its conception of what Jokes can be told In the parlor,? Detroit News.