University of South Carolina Libraries
FOR FARMERS ON L. SOME TIMELY SUGGESTIONS FROM RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY How Farm Work May be Done Prt~itably at this Sea n-valiuabie Information on Sundry Points. - southern Cultivator. With tis monlth thle catvation~ of the wni erops of -he iarm conSA c in erest. Oa y farazzi <-oi has already rrzi Nr,t working and should now be in a thrifty- grow ing condition. The old rule of plo ing over the crop every thret weeKs should not be observed. further than to be certain that the interval is nev er so long. Three weeks, as a rule.is too long an interval. If only three complete plowings are to be- given. it were better to defer th" first p 10W ing until the plants have nye or six leaves (if the ground ias not been before neghcted. or ThIs not been run together by heavy raiu-' :ul 1: givettwo Ow s at intervals of two w e._s. Bum vm have found a still better pi:n to give only a partial plowing at each going over, say two furrows wiih a sweep, or other wide, surface cultivator. anda go over the crop every week or ten days in this way. We have before remarkedthat when twofurrows with an ordinary sweep or smaller plow. are runside by side.thesecond furrow doesbut little over half work. For gen eral purposes of cultivating com a' cotton we have found the Planet. Jr.. Cultivator a imost saitisfaciory iim plement, leaving little to be desitel.. The winged sweep or heel serape is good, but ia expanding, Aive or six toothed cultivator is much better. We insist that a four or five foot, or even six foot row. whether in coru or other crop. should rarely have more than one round: or two fu rrows at any one time. Better go over the crop with two furrows to the ro v every ten dLys than to give iour fur fows es- y three weeks. Ta~e deep-plowing, root in-uniug i 11 in lim eultivationof cori-.nr any Othief crop. which has been advozated in certain quarters, cannot stand the test of intelligent experiment. On very heavy, rough soils, where shal low, surface culture is impracticable and unsatisfactory, more or less deep plowing and incidental root catting may be the lesser of evils. It is bet ter to eat and numgle the roots somewhat, than to let the weeds and ---grass take the crop. As a general rule a s rface cultivator, or other shallow 1:unning implement may be safely used whenever it will take the soil and thoroughly dtisintegrate it to the depth of one inch. The idea that the essential object of cultivation of a growing crop is to break the soil O that the roots can penetrate it is fallacious. Such breaking is one of the principal objects of the prepara tory plowing before planting or at the latest, the first plowing. Subse quent cultivation serves to break the surface crust or prevent its forum tion, thereby permitting a free perco lation of air into the root layer of soil: *and preventing too rapid evaporation of moisture from below. The de -.struction of grass and weeds is at secondary and ineidental efTect ol surface culture, necessary, of course t-oiiite importance to the thorough accretion of the soil. Of course every farmer will plani peas in his corn fields if for no ounu purpose than to improve the land. The value of the peas harvested: either in the form of hay, or ripe seed, or pastured by hogs, is nearly always greater than the entire expenx -ses of planting and cultivating the peas. Indeed the value of the plant ing seed and the labor of dlropp)ing :and covering, comprise about all th<. expense up to the time of harvesting. According to our owni experience, the -best way to plant peas ini -corn, m May, is to open a furrow with a shov el in the centre of the corn middle. -drop eight or ten peas every step, and cover with a cultivator, set tc -stra.ddle the furrow with two for ward teeth, permitting the other teeth to stir the adjacent surface. With this plan in view it is prefera ble, even when corn is planted in hills, to have the latter wider one way than the other, so as to have the -corn hills and the pea hills to pretty equally occupy the land. At the anal plowing of the corn peas may be sown broadcast for the purpose, first, of providing pasturage or hay; and secondly, to improve the land. But next month will be time enough to discuss the policy of pasturing, or making hay of the pea-vines rather than permitting them to rot on the surface, or turning them under. corroN. As soon as the cotton is well up, and sometimes before it is up. it is good practice to broadcast harrow the fields, using a harrow the teeth standing backward. This breaks the crust and destroys the wveeds more expeditiously than any other plan. The harrow should be run either along the rows, or diagonally across, as the condition of the land and crop seems to indicate as better. Of all the cotton choppers-so called -that we have seen, those that are operated by pnlling them a cross the rows give best results. In the ab sence of any implement of this kind a common sweep, or heel scrape,may be efiectively used on comparatively smooth, level land. We presume, however, that most farmers will ad here to the old method of siding the young plants, and then chopping out with the ordinary hand hoe. When this method is practiced we advocate rapid work, rather than thorough. On smooth, old land, a hoe hand ought go over from one and a half to two acres per day. By this plau the entire crop may be gone over in a week or ten days, then go over imme diately and thin to a final stand, and clean thoroughly of all grass inac sessible to the plow. Cotton will stand more neglect than corn, but frequent cultivation is important to its rapid and health ful growth and development. Sur face culture should be the rule. using the '.mplement that will cover the greatest surface at a going, and sat isfactorily pulverize the surface. Af ter the first plowing, at least, but one furrow should be run at a time (at one plowing) in rows under four feet wide. That is to say, get as wide an implement as practicable andido not put two furrows in a middle if they overlap more than than three or four inches. The three or four inches or more. thus overlapping, is practically labor lost During this month the battle against grass and weeds is practical ly won or lost, especially in the cot ton field. It is indispensable that th --arly.rass that which comes up with 1hC lants. he ef(cual e stroyedL befo t a ..chedt aste 4,vig orous grow. This early Lrop of grass generally lirs more truhht the -:i a in Isma k.1 I i""t tienbl to u Iva-f as effectively. Thecoug ctto. o thn-lghtsous especidly, is. apt to b( ,iested lieUs. n t s'u -'dim d suc lan ix:In ias.d ?war uit ingte surface? in \ *ed . .lo -7 i uaoraly cV weta tt t n - slic), ~ ~ L11% r . coin ma ow .Uf h e ttd.AI and t be more tke tpo.es Itiz tre tgth iu te sotht ipl.ted errSe' Sucleus sine patingtiof foa rops . iud t lod it a" i mjiais rem.- ( 2.is oU & ld :oo..u: ot ep tIatis 1. of~ a buw1 x, cor ht. bol rwe ilaoe hayd it calld:ag s il ro d the b o ech put ou informan sied Ihathe u se te pros o Z re the isuresig an ordinaetel or vigr grdoten~ rakdse. ia adndsis Succssi plantingsm ofo forae erow wbees la mder. We nv s goL rn and toa tooninh lp ieen theoodd soilgoo iualty.o be cropn ed'1. 0Me 11ould 111L greatly d petlant RC I USQt for tha raYi ~ b 01tmk th e tha is by oedn, orobedng t oon vte iant iay. oresh. tha ste o to plant jutouer thev rahe mainceovplofndraws ofrge bed.s rih ati r elyoing h lads., ae areneverLs easily utva o' thos-e bshould t bedi lesthn3.f put owtin to oune. rOher fla, than sa poind t o be rdtegpan i secrng a lof od e18inhs. f aoy cas. piantslis to faeet aoodfewerl roned and les fo r hat hraning al reuidt pant ettem o otates lw cr es we The rater disanc is ien in all thergioo planth the tipi ae sroe oie bes t n abe oruetnd edtu.in or w r.should bpe noteto blet forth prin mato meo the tred afirs c bie ad or itre beodif car the plants. in tohefreh. moi0t wd tan to plat jtfer o al ot heraijn. bwithou t re- in m it e lat T bed should otb less tan 3alt feet th s hri and he, a an the span '%'hse i n a no t o hn croun ay cse. We pol reto fe ast fewe Waitfr aeld. As a oae o the Mein t goo .amr as ;-1 oay o ines p lsse f y or planted ing se thasn ut ti er it willy afnr or uihoe and eatter patoe wil ?ned sbolduSot b les cog~tlate thfeL relt crwer the re.ather sane s In ar the egon th of the stai sey iin)ro-luecthu conchein any i cabsuger-e pre r two eie n em. siru or lsyrupiy sorlt brersn te a-owh the mae prote tn ead. et ma iZt popera cre on the ritn on or ato tow aeal dtcancme in o-rg or itndus inth mid-ntmrt-helnd the rriations of blcoi.t ibsepobb that rsult igem esyrup ssln nbe -ates of te poucen ohites natn srto mte rmini enth.ee farom e a aindi yieul. Ans a rass, rouhth ton ntaanacier isnere the mnus tialan ecnoic a qespation ofuc edssio ani maly then will fheoirdn masse thmoe lawofthenland. exlet unjus dischrminain nd avoolee.as let legisltion tomae ogatulat rihe sflrier ofhie Soth greti mtajoiy are staggring cndrton weigh the bihed.ing propes inefren them Tevsi theseugreat quganionars ofd uhelnd. inlene, rgunitso and voe oeion mlding and ben pblictedn on the laion ofr~ conr,h henfer adonoet necessri indu trial pliticish reaflylt oeos othe ogniztio-nd heo reforat oflistiv abuses Plticai hav rlt ofthea pomuetiomn ily Nain oc teee fremaice saet. Bearers ofth Mindiydulstandrs a rcass, bugh te P.k P. p.Co.v frinaintsi theinus urie and sonomilusionionth indteiyme and state igo they oin nose good ado the ldi noLet wells nilcrP.naion P. (Pricl Ash Pokelss letr egsart to publfw ish when tll riher manufctheurers maotyu farfu eterng ande te eiotnue Pokedioot and Potsuds txtrion-b phlves on teser oreastions anda imdng host ofhapedin ulic oin Siphilis theueistionofla coodry Poion Dyspersidono necesarily and eme olins.dvdalynrde poiiallarty. Ptician.i wr thave.ascmto ren frml anofisit toke for ofice ae.thBeia of Wah Mny etterst areree ie byte P.P..Ta Co. fri paien cayin wth had. us such and asuchv anod ing their nams i and aing vr bt hei o agoomdt andthey dio et ell ntl o. P. P(Prckl wAsh, tep Rn otan otasim wstreie These lettes voie ftare txocublish wheln th a iVtou manuactrerlzs wroe us fearfuln lttrs and wei dioninue same, but P P.s hP. (icly~ ashr hPoke Roo- lad hisium is trlium p t. er oca sookead has tod au hkotof fried ine wars of yphi.lsReumeiScowa hBlood Poison, Dyseians Maori ad veare eaomplainuts. n h Av len G.s Thimuman. yar gon byhaeive hrtred fr ome ist toshio sdon onthusiaes. Wash hiu his we oahroehm a ru re al tionvi entio e raizshei BUTLER TO TILLMA, A REPLY TO SOME CHARCES AS TO FERTiLIZERS. cn w -er ,:a the* nerIi am the- La -*.ii' ( api. 3)~ Ti!ma (:l* --re to 1.we m '1 Md .04' * m'Ii.'Lt-heiar ie i; Sua L th , o - f i the r is ai below tieirgarats.rt to I urtrer reported to hatve s ai thit yo :-ould prove all th at you charged. ~nidl qetd from the annualreport. Ci the dc'artment for the year 1 autheity upon which to ustzan your ITo e ega peralty in regard to d eient Liliz.s is eizar cond .Vl nation and .sale. au1 b1ecu:- thi I ItyI ~ he not hecu init.:ed fia imiposed. Th 'is provirtion of thet law; -!,,t I-r .nforced. or the suti-en ra.:e t-hat wheu the auaiyses are iaiilo the f&rtilizers have been put in "t ground and areD out of reach of an action of the kind prescri)ed. This defect in the law has be-en reported to the Legislature and could have beei amentded if that body had thou'u'It it n0ceSSIr or desirie. Tlia this has not been doii foirce me to the conliSionL thit Lie reie sent atives of th11e people" hon1olly be' leRve tha t ihe existig lasV were- Sunli eient, or that the action of the de partm ient it self had muade.amendmeni t s \Vhile, thlerefore, we ha-" ot sid and sold deficient fertilizers. we Lave detected and exposed :11 de lici-fnies. as the very repori from wh1zi. I ol quoted shows. FoldfinJlg that the law did not reach the casc as otmpaethe: depart Iucnt resonacd to tie pululication of th- unaumfacture' gui~aiues.'dong !1ide of the ofli.-ial aaysi printing in italies tho-e braud ailing be -low the guarantee. Thi directetd atten tion imi1hately to all lefiiient brands. it sioult be understood. however, that the depuutient has never indertaken to exercise the judicial authority to declare which, if any. of such brands were fraudulent. This penalty, voluntarily imposed by the department, was, after detection, put upon every brand, no matter how slight the deficiency. In one case this deficiency amounted to only one hundredth of one per cent. of potash, the cheapest ingredient used in com mercial fertilizers. The department could not say that this was a fraud any more than it could officially pro nounce other brands frauduleni where the difference was greater. Just what constitutes fraud is a ques tion to be determined by the courts alone. There may be a difference of opinior as to whether merely exposig the (eleicency was sufficient punishment but the Legislature has so regarded it beciause it has for ten years faiiled to provide other p)lushmen~ft, eve2 after the defects in the law had! beer olicially reported. But the best evi delnceof the effect of this method 0i punishmnent is found in the subse quenit re-ports of the departimiv-i This plan (of ihiising deficient jprinJ.) w\as first adOpted in 18i An examination ol our reot since tat t-huO will show that there hias been a steady imnprovfleent inth value of fertilizers. It wa~s nout e neeted that it would in onie se:asor esu l inringing every bran~d up tc the guarantee, because new bramb are bilng introduced every year, and the mnufnvacturers of such bi:r~mds, not having realized the effect of thih pnalty, might take risks thiat those who had b~een oncve exposed would afterwars avoid if possile. W\ith the exception of the aummoniated fer tilizers in a single season, the imi provement in the grade of fer-tilizers has been marked. Take, for instance, the very report that you so garbhled1 in1 making your charges. It is thecre shown that the averag'es of the man ufacturers' guarantees for amminoni ated fertilizers for that season were: Available phos. acid. 8.22 per cent. Ammonia. 2.18 per cent. Potash. 1.49 per cent. Commercial value, $20.79. The averages of the analyses by our~ chemist wvere: Available phios. acid. 9.30 per cent. Amona. 2.61 p~er cent. Potash. 2.17 per cent. Commercial valae, $14.47. No gerlthis shows that, taking thec gnrlsales throughout the State, these goods: for that reason exceed the manufacturers' guarantLeo in: Available phos. acid. 1.08 per cent. Amonia. 0.53 per cenut. Potash. 0.08 per cent. Commercial value, $3.68 per ton. IWhy did you not explain this also! Was it be-cause you had determined to denounce the alepartmnent of agri cu~lture, regardless of facts, and sim -ply made use of such garbled ex tracts as suited the purpose you had in view? I am forced to that conclu sion. This is confirmed by the fur ther reply you are said to have made when you were asked what had be come of the money of the department -and replied that you "did not know.' The report in which you found so much to condenma. contained, as you well knew, an itemized statement of every expendtureu made by the de Ipartent for that year. You, there fore, did know the purposos for which it had been expended, and Iyour answer was worse than a sim ple evasion of the question. You have assumed that all fertili zers found deficient are fraudulent, and that in all such cases the farmers are swindled. The agr~icultural value of many. brands of this chiarac; er is not affected by the sight ddelenczies dected~, but all are published, be cause consumers have a right to know the exact resnits obtained. Its of ten the case that the commezi;remd v-l ie of such fertilizers exceeds the gouantee. But, there bia ng adifr ene- between commnercil a-n-d a-ri c.lvral Yalue, we regard and l~ tr any brn faln oelow t.~he ur n tee of :i:y elent of plant fod5 ss --ddeent." YoPu, ignorantlyV orC hiio-ily, take~ extaU i- i rmai a i:i:le copled in tis wayv to sud that all de.f:elent fertilizers areiad ulent. The IimoLrfections' in the0 fertili:<er law hi2-e i)(een' aditted~ and pointedt ou anid e-fforts-. mde to- corr(ect iihnu b~ut until tha is- done theC depairtment of agriculture~ catn only exect such laws as exist At the risk of again being charged with collusion with the mnanufactu re- s I will sa tat, in my opinion, based up0on omCiu1 expnc. for tE. lISt ten yas, the Ianuf1 ctrer wh dehbera t 'Iy d inte I t1ioly tmi to de-fraud the faNrer is the excep t in: awl fartr 1 iePlieve thti temrNitedl it has :aji-Id : I ne-.i b n you knw an-thi;.. .; "!w the powerthtied or -ha V01.1 h! zt lie trct it. ' n : Comioner 0' of Ag. -da A PEN PICTU OF EN T0L AN A L*-yeIy f .?r!k- < , .e lew nn Wn n was sre- for Gm)%-.nar hrV thr- .1a':wr *r o r*' e~ '' rlin C. . \i .I. t e . . liams ofl''L i m-i lle0 1. Cr. thkolo u.imeof t'1t , I'V .('h thie tie st tir ;t afte I li1ho weiaous Crisis tills colIlit. inV. Sillce Fo01t S11Ute -I; S i- ~ that tremendous i ftecen -HunJs ur iji ]J)Y abh a mlass of ifurift+(-i Sou)ith arisats ivere waveriip bpd-twch obedient-l -to thedespcrat jUlpulIse th: t 111O~V.i thieili tOfadv:Lice thirty p):In.s and storni the doo of the Sttb i-, troos. It was usall afotep Ui lmm t cld lie I~ pre1tin g the iC(kril seriouct. iid the pleaiisny s of ir:L5Oi I aldl latriotislill cXprsei-'d~ 1)~ NW .adeI 11:aiptoii stanlding- 111): ih sie Fort Su bet w-en the opposin partias. The dager was over foewe u obedc. the Sito thdept rol i lshatp ped the t oadvance that h-a ths pople o the . oo ofart-s throgSout othe otry:1 no mall lireou . Bofbi Tiliman rs jast inside the door (l goe rmt, andtie agdinst ofe of the big standi ther. His brecchos.v-r ;ni~ 111105 ' o.t aiid his dress ill n."L way iliitc-\i VoiU th-at N:* hund~reds or ienwho WveiQ th're steshalt day fe the farms ofpposin parti of the dtat. He was otierfora because he was apparently lost u thought of anoething far off while everybody else was watching with painful eHargeness the events imme diately passing and because the e wcs about his mouth a cyical and half mocking expression as if he dis approved all that was bein said and done. Somebody said it was Ben Tillman. I do not remember seeing him again until yesterday and (lid rnot hea-r of him again in eight years. Yet thero was something in his per sonality that impressed e wth out the speaking of a word or the movement of a alb. On all the many occasions in recent times when I have heard or read of Ben Tiian he has come to oi y memorY hei was then. mClos and Curious stuy an not r fhm a ga in we egt years Ytrn btdhere somethin i hs per sonalitytha impse myeimr whithi out the1&- spaio a wordi orth tmonveent of aflimb i n lls th I.hae ha-dor rad oftl Be Tinlma he-as om lihto limy l' m emory ashe w oiasthn. Pnt iPOcIa u' "C(-losre and cinidos study of h fom and face noicebe met On ioJ elishe easwythis nothou hs.a Cas sale sadof the wm I han n then havei madetfro it.H is iot at laroe mjus t a ltlei aovi mei :nn 1hght He1 i slnrly: bd. compatly blj -not a ins in bild~ -nignisdr a dblack l aialo suit. iPobabl~oe t the noicabe hate oi lnc tis his muth HiLIe .has .( asCa lyles sid1oft Dail destroy. an-a gr shutdr mouth. wItt s ay ieined s ~had is amted wih orion liees oftouhth o rem, limi he . ?our yoers l n cuenut. o 0wn andk it. Thye is ark an hase. lv clas wo and brihtdeidely in yeima1c iprsing onewt h de ht lot his bestfere heon the ovtar littl bnorste ly estrope. H is stainiedar acand withut sraynhis liehesa cis a ith so1nw ined of thoughtior care sudny he itu yasdand yoehsn' ut whiok like it. That easthe an clearly asn wsc cno andotograp himh a soeup was mrepose.ad ulig hoe "his rarther. demonstrie litte is terho prhapsn-n unr He ugls oae huis abeis awheni amued and teyn his oeting io ih he I eses easily moved thnosteiin~ sie.u senteancierow m and nt a some whioa lat drps indun theiii5Cose de presedcnr ofic is amout down ia tic of vie audfeance He d use isbaooa hdoesnme maink and nots hagl one:l hisoface isiasiro f oe andethere:isnsomething in it that im voiee wichlfo the eory.e ie ings not anw Yoitrkt canoes and sntyred Soth lertublinme voae eve spea ingrtokax.ixedetdoetceroHetde st ue has Liem-y androklend hisl vo swaig: aftd0 mes aod eadin.a toc ih uth ks thue lmin sigin or-asiored. hyanh tues ca-rsw hertaken.te oet wtr fromi the stt utenof Lierty whandli will empt hi vo the Pae-'Pe in October ncrt. -The Tallapoosa conty,- Ala.,.l I liance re omnid a hw reqrin;: 21l pLosie fore prom0in~g l:et ' sll liqupors to obtainl the tat anmajor ity of ihe freeh' hlers ad hous hoder ofc- the beat it vlhichi the sw is to be s-old. ore na shor-tth. -T1 Cu.i Gre 1'iun: 1 a.3l anehv:-rooldta yi : eatOin ra:ek. -Th~e lat) Date f Manche. Itr This large herd i one ofC im G~ -0 Engln-L'i :and was'- foii~rmd wI rin most cart-fully maiiintidL. iT duke gave I1.90) gaias fr ani Olx ford cow at the Dunmore sale in. HOW THEY EAT. The VarIous Ways in which vig;% Crca tures; Takeo -.Ter -oud, That peculiar n : hese urehi ca:h j:'. It ,; - t a~s... T mjaw% mu rd 1 1so Lat therV aC-0 !o : ta-f; r. hundred of :f the-.- were not. noug , s n , ::ge !n :des it fi tomto. iior a 4. U -i1 i - Or . So f gOT fm.:J ihn .:s id al'.):n n Idd4. dei~n.: heirfo . iu t.ir : , the k-sa o itwhol 0,-ee w o... h v:er " tu hb rn-.y. lilt i i r to pul .rize 01. 1'.11~i corn. To as 4t inU the illing pr oce allgrl:-euig irds swa *o little i etc Iec.. he hnrry "' C !teror of the i:.rd b niitl t to.-'h to e cUp. en. s Ard: ' fC-"# C .:;-Iti y10: '. i0 -: ..... bd. uf e th- in, *h~ th:i ,o l dzpend in!. upon the; :: 4a.)fr wn. ratio t;:1, as naw 1Ia - I P reptioe., u.4e their teethl tr I k u u s t f king food, but like the irdS. they gulp down theil.r fol unc':-vrheel and un broken if possaoe. There are. hmtever, k1N.!- ion. The rav. or site, for n e ai : ioith set transvr. :r its h-i.. the jaws w\ orking %, I' i.irg ito tion like two iandsiO1 !.back to a . In the jav-s are thrveerows of fq::t teet 1. set like a m iC la..u(-it nd be tween,! the.se reoll in janw the f LhI crsbies oysters andI oir mollusks like !so ma l uts. Th carps teeth are set imck On the p)*h:r-lx. so that it ma be literalV :li.1 o niastliLate its foo ! in is tIroat. The carn tno, is about the o!y cnd chewin- kish. the- coarsely swaliovel food bein forced up to these throat teeth for conmlete mastu-an on. Some fish' arc absol:uely toothiess. like the sucker and otters aga'ini have hund(redS-o ehsm times so many that tiy cover alt p::rt of the mouth. The great Greenland wlhale has nc teeth. it balee:n plates, or whalehone, taking- their place. Along the centri of the palate runs a strong ridge, and on eaca scd of this there is a wid depression along which the plates arE inserted. These are long and ilat, hanging free, and are placed transverse ly-that is, across the mouth, w tti their side parallel and near each other. The base and outer edge of the piatet are of solid whalebone. but the innei edges arc fringed. filling uii the interioi of the mouth and acting as a stramelc for the food. which Cqusists of , smali swinming mollasks and mnCaat or jeily fishe3. The whaic rirejy ever, swallows anythin g largzer than herring, shoals of t~hei sm:aIi cratu1re being entangled in t4e fiber? of t: baleen. the water which does not esi cape from tie mouth eI.,.. Xi'leit by tle blow ioles. The oi the enI ii. o1 this w-;al'as m-outh is bi-.:- enc*n n.ot ~ br .*r ~ a m::t- i t but h I la e 'llp wa ia whici the upe .' ee *e th- mo-du is r - . Whl 'eG- and *-:b : us tii too. u .e cee rin: lUt ugt er anie. Lta sT9r' b* o nu:nber by thii nas er:th .tained b', u:!- on'- ti h. f grouVs out and ri ut forward, mn :i a with the body, until it beoomes a veritabhl tusk.'sometimes rieching the length~ of t..nr fect. Apropeos of tusks, the'elevh-mt's are its undily developed uppe in s: tose f the walrus are ts'". -. si. and so are those ol MIi: * :.: only animzal that has t ta. e- c'iines. and molars of artn o.n~ it ght. Mani, the ape, and 0 na .y all i reinanits, have thirty two teeth.'ah hog, hiowever, is but ter off thn this, and has forty-four. So ha1ve the' op)ossum~ and' mole1. The river dolpohin of Sotthi Ameorica lays far beyond this hiowever, havhig no less than 22:1 teeth. Teeth are nuo part of the . iton. lut belonmg to the ap~ pendage. I ike skin and i hair. The sturgreon is too!.hless anid draws in its food by suetion, hut the shark lhas hiundreds of :eeth set. in rows that soletimeis nulnlcer tenl. Lobste-rs and c~ rabis masticate their food wti theizr horny1. jaws, but they were th1er comnplete the- work of chiew ing .ifuttiere is one p)eculialr kind of cran, ~wen :e- 0m or nrsesnou erzh,whicho chews is hod with its letgs. This is:. acital fact, tihe little at i::al grnding its monrseis b eee its tghs beore it pase tiem over to its mm'oth. Theisev tIish abob m s foc d by wra uin a . -'lf "'rounld tihe oct wh.-ice it 'eks to ma ke its own. iThe starlishl - even tuilore. accommodatij;r. to fee .I r~n.its toa ch :nsid oui. aud enwrap i prey w'bh tis se Do'0"~ :h- r :w ith tieir javs, vice. ..ii: .~ r.j. . nt. t s pt aws to vttTrry its foi to iits noth, t he elC andi toad their tongus. Spideris chew :hir fomd with hioruyzi aws. whih are shariip enough2J to give Grashop.. an locuists are very ~e protece ith the LI eeossarv ma eiery1' for 1 '' enIn'l:nuc and often. too the t ter be ing titted ount with Ti:' caiterpir feeds with two Saw edgedl jaws, workintra..nsversely, and uses thiem to suc-h grood advantage that he eats5 three or four times htis own weight every day. Toads, tortoises. tulrtles, and most lizards have no teeth. Frogs have teeth in thieir uppter jaw only-. Ant eaters. sloths, and armadillos have no teeth. Tho lion antd the tigrer, anti, indeed. most of the e-arniv-ora, do not grind thr food. usinig their jaws only up -and to. the mlar:: ts act ing~ like chii ng~it 1nives, or rather seissors. TIheir moout hs, tn L::et.. :tre a veritable itash The j bumriiy pumps1: nteetar i:tto it s i brona a tub an! I bea-~ andl tlues T-espk' m outh is quite a coW plicatd aa Ir b'hs fan trs for hld i'-. :'ire, mtica ory orga::s tot uite ia ci::,ple old i the mnth~1I of thimon. wh i.itebon-Iis if the -. 1 - .-iit 'd:s n e n.i whicit The1 ei; hn fel ,...h. aspioiadi. ci:c vies o I, T at pr Ie :y ; ti .uape .or:t. This creature la: leither month nor stom:ach, but jus't s alo :11: abtru, the :udre:ly di: -.ed fou AiL IANCE CHES [1: h - e -v r i, Ih w the i 1.r the Onder. -The Fa Aes Alianecr of" 'L y * 11l 1 '11 c i On. %V: I. I .;;l L count. Ga.. llb: . the piluea 4te ony tth.x --ThIe StLtte 'Farmr Alan-,a p.~~~~~~ t-* 1! i lr Vu1 t ;d I vrl i:t~~iA~: Indth:til Un m. aml the estin cutu t ti. of oer R'et h.av (I co-iateds t ahe omitt th lx -Theli Atr w nunti. Tex ALi-", a hle oe itn. toy.l a a .Aigme. diGaes lvir.1i. JuLl E oter me hi :s te on the in nrmer (f. P QuartL~ i~iVel e Poh tltbr aill ei cottn seedj..rti- oil He _ raan -(Ileqi-~ lentolry.and nlo ofardber. T-GeleralJshEJon n co(-eited ove the eue strn '. tLOLld nteit. Soldans ".)v ad111 rs Ate Go worf inefusl g tRo t . li M',Lac Lo9they. -rdiiL lis emale e;iint elto cro irregularities or dean fgement the blood claeningt properties; of P P. P. (Prickly Ash. Poke Root and Potassiumi.)Thresni mpe -The Farmers Union. oAt Webhr Paris La.. favor the creation of a Railroa Conulission. am edcorse tye Govror in etfusin to ntept i gifl of 10 from to 2Lursiana Tstatedt Lottery. --11. L. Buks.n thecit aidein ry of the Farmers' Alliance of Gort git reports the cotiuted gowty of the order. tHe sent out iiseen nw charters in ten ais, and tho cry is, "'S. i o they comno. Peopla wonder when theyfmd how rapidly health is restored by taking P. P. 11. (Prickly A.sh, Pokze Root aniJ Portstom.)cThe reason is simple. as it is a powerful combination of te roots Cderbs of the hom.e ioodsk. --The diretors of the Terrellcoun ty, Ga.. Allihance iet recently, and declared a dividend of 20 per cent. This aidded to a 2.5 per cent. prev i ouasly declared makes a diided ol 415 per cent. on the capital paid in. Good enough. -The Farmers' Alliance of -Nor. Carolina hawe Pledged themselve! not to give their support to any esn. didate for the Legislatre who is no knmown to be in faor of a railroad commission for North Carolin ol anyI canldidate for Congress who w.ai not Pledge himself to exert his bsi e Jrs to secure the eiy nctmer ofii the ibeoe~tl I Cog esow Ia: -hse rook unt. Ga..ti Alan indorsYe 10te actioftheiii StatelE-: Ie5 it(e5 com)iH m itts l s recommendinti:l nimntos.b md ypi: -tians. :id reet h anea leatueofcutiv conuntttee0c to ein cogiut y o' order g omnth n grumd tpriar tltpionstcontie. ilcl tr h ~mati party:ind plud s-The'Grethe cpnty. Gon. iaet sddenlvded fom upte> yn. Coverno reon atre oaoures, Onher oflihe coitiso infe diplraed inlton s.th watrfonto hs cty saove the priuriples, is the wrder;hanldren isanaot Ay pproe wo tkesa neighborif dockse wereo cl-bosaton laybun from eduty, dwythe coroen sight ofse andou wo todiln cre to laying on the arCltrles ofterlow bhisared supot birt, he nave harl of -he falin isrsbof Mntdm On. oeu caa-t, Sother l&epoyAi o Whita thaert the denmieralipn tre ohe dar waos, obeer agoar-s rangementlfor.kpig sheootng. oe ithing thandsmblingy.on theoud ftdecing thegulaxpos -grtion.a bee ence of for tHe yoopers asie of heOlDoing ion S~ktfemspCee whicho ~ew couldno arived ati Ricd mo swinMnymring ae ctAbhp sta pe. withd paockf iends. ofhile ste-ir ring th eairoloueng ohe tsiuddnlyded hrapessady.tet mentwit Lthe onrana-Bts. n Onoftheot curiittes ofay dislanyed aoe slip water-fote quee ths itray inherboad. ini the cwatr fhiden whic ere fnasnlute sety abutr canal-bopts Any pernd owahopaes the tul o ai rugentie sipbornte negoringrh oes were juanaloats snogh to rpof tddin children reacing o the eek of the lowbu turedawartedbas bthe teherhaso On nerlyal-heboats the Btcyide An of Whitedal th rat labout Cothes shp thel othrdy whl coidw th rver intanen fili tedpin te title dock. withno them ound orn saby.o the ats.rTearegular plgrounad had beeny fenced mayfo thelectingsterb mactie oulabad otheimbo. Tiad asingein ateeakn scurte lif fospostd thethir ruwth hishus.eligo men it the arrangement.; Onn othtIe botlite it-wyr din in the sam e sipws anotheriquer arange-d men to keep talttle etot frS.nom tlei in oerbi~:ord. Is thens ofl the thrued'to. ugesnbre THE LOST LETTEJR. "How long it hers here undler this hedge:" SadIi She w:l 'i in the lane'.loo ig at l: bwhiler,-sti :d te I r L Il n I kh' kt wvh in .i l mhr hand. I 1,1s it- I n!. A nos.in th mio t tsnh ail jo. t: it,'A, , S : t1o. r -- r r n h that ar tnwe at the la - v lI fa(*e frui d*-b- hkt brow. half i -- y (i t!'e - t suinyl hair. ". r i hv l'ongel to find courale t. I you all about it. You know ite w w: r went am.iV - at t he snow hardert~l -Yvs. W(.1l-we I were0 hpr;e- .. "W-y' rept I.aed iri iai in the Sigin ficanti pa. C) "O, von kIow Rozer and . And he gth ered tie herries for me, Miriam -anl when jit gave them to me, oh dear," she SUh!. hl hing again and pretenin: t, . v.. ' i-yiit under statnd xit . pling it all imto wa ods; vou have go throuwgh the same thing, 'lo doubt, though you won't marry any bol'." "And vol, are gong 0 to im. y Roger WIathrop?" sahl I1rim very qietly. "Gone th'rouh the same thii" Would it su.irprise pretty little Lncy to be told tlmt the very.' neirlit before that berr-aatfierilg just here hle had asked 3tr :rm to marry hiu. and she iad! refused him? El. well: why should it be anything to _Miriam how soo.. he had consoled himself? "And you are going to marry Roger Winthrop?" she said. But Luey was pcnthsg again. "Oh, dezr. vou are so ijatter-of-fact, .\iam!. MAirry! Who said :mything about marrving? 1m sure neither Ro ger nor .1 'did. Only he said lie could see from my sweet eves that I under stood what trouble he was in at going away; -and couidn't I give him any hope. and wouldn't I remember that, at any moment I should write for hum, lie would come back at once, Just on the hope-the merest hope-that it would not be in vain. And then in the midst of it. and before I could auswer him. who should come by but Charlotte Dallas-and you 'know what a bore she is. and how we never can get rid of her. I he would stond talking to us both, and walked back to the gate with me; and 1oger hIa oIly time then to hurry of0 to ct'h the train, and -couldn't say another word apart to me. Only just before we turned away from him he did mauiage to give me a bit of a note-I surnpoe he had meant to leave it at the house for me. But just think. 3Iiriam. I lost it before I had read one word of it" "Lost it' ilIe m:ninged to ive it to me under cover of ,.aither hih of berries. Charloite was su2Iii with us then. An L m:*:e!: *at ' v,. os. crcpped it. An.'d tirn-4 )''.'4m poeiaLhanker ief fl ne.'- 's i by acceit and thouri*4*t I coubl pick thuePn both uip to '-.'r I em4'ikin' tin t. t. dared not 4.44y too wa a:: havinig lost any th'ingfrM of'::ro ts sharp 4h44e ph-. .: t 'p, iflthe wind blew 14~ inuto the r'. I ? "It v'm I I~c rrnlame on it." ever am . it wni. p4 it tono." -I tho:.........t n e b'een b'.ow.n into the' h. le s4m wh.r: I have been "DoI vo:: !!::: ' vcr is so very much nicer 'hs Tomy ~ . kno'. inammani would b'e':mt to li'e 'ia b'tter, hut DIon'4t von ' ink i i en unreCasonIa hie in 1inmnut to b(j''ct to poor Tom? I give anyt hin' if you would tell me whati to do. ouldy I suippose you ar~e so wise and' coo.H yso' would be taking .lliimb hd -comhin. c i'umi.(&:aio 1'ro. .Gont tarry: rui gie r' iV '1uni.: vek hen, Pea ot ;I rs' la:ssio. Lucy, my de~', rntthe w ill know how to an swer vou. u .t~ Lu4 v shoo heO Ir hem'I doubtfullV. -lt isntat of? honesty, dear; it 'is tihat I c~i't makei~ up myv mind, and I can't make up my' mnind to let mamnma naike it on fOr me." "DidtJ ike''r say' anything to Aunt Gresham * asked 311ram, so quietly that h sn could~li(',1 not guess that tim matter was tpainfu~l to her. -Ohi no. ' 'd mannn"'ia once--some tme 4 ago-imeled Roge'r w'.as in love Lud' said this w'i tatouuch of amuse men'lt i'n bor' tone,( as~ she glanced up at her eeCini.. im vas certaiv "'u[som tr!'~loughYl aIs she stod ini th~e 4'l'w 4i- suns.ie . bu t so white and cohl. .s weil fall in love with a snow dii. L'uimd heard Tom say. "3inri lu! turned as it to iwalk on, hbut Lue did not mlove.' It seem'ed this spot ethe inking'. of Roger. "Do', youl th4ink 'itiiathr odd. Miri ::.Ia !' h'nIn' heardu a wcr'4 from 1:bashwyOch I' 'o hve tol imn it was ~ thnt that I ,4st? I coldl not immage4' it it uharlotte stamling by, ami I r'anci he woul un~der'stand." -.Pe'rhami th.r was4 somethig to be answe"red in' th'e not" 'sau id Miriam: and shie climbed(4 upD .1he bank und~er the .edg-iow'. "Are you sue yoiu looked well for it Lutcy: Among the dead leaves--" Shie stopped short. She had set her little foot ini the big~ print of Roger Winthrop's, and the glazedi surface hal e'rnekedi under'' her -weighlt. And in the crack~- as she steped back she saw somel(thini that was t not ice-a cor nerof ai fo)hied hi,4 (4f paper. She si pped b'ck .:md'in that one in stnt of sih-ine wa fought~ the hardest For why' shou~ld 'sVh e the onecto give One 'I 'in1m i.h stopped and lb ke awa th 1.b.'ia ic froml abou~it tihe -4ifer~e is 41r 1r, Lucy. Rloger -hat wa4 wy '.'n:-uh not u ndt it.' don't go. Siiii: I '.e au fa!,e' for read ing it just inere." ~I -But '.-41i d-a't want mec." saiid Miri She w:"s:in.'::: :n '.2 4i an her cou.4 tiroigh i .r ::n-! h 'in he fast ofi ti .1an ~in-wIsnl 44 - - ..'.I rha . There'is 4en u n-ad~ it. I ' oi. Kono v' ae t 4cm wit me."I Ch ~n n0am * r 4ea ' +''mma I ovl 1im tile ieage-sucuLa tiny gap - vsuc l, t ;tte creafture cou ld have IVle i--d ,r* c(Id not hope to lulluv'her. I' iced she did not think ofthe ws. *m'king at the note Lucy the rir wa t iti Isra i the r1ond. colored d1e.J lv whe be I iluni himn'Y2. in 1:i t .'- is ti' iell o:i the pm- - p er in her-, handj. -yoll are eadmla Jetter to Liw." he Sbi. She stood. ;t,,l Iu ihv iral. :'iwl faced hiim. puI tin such onst railnt !1upon her s"e1 tht (ne might have thotiilt her "IS it trule'" sIle s;lid. i U -ou coud wriSI t a letter as this to Litev?" --) Luev: Suireiy. yut a1r not an'ry? S-:u is your Cousii. ant a -'Ort Of (O*1isil of l-1'1in'e too. She is alwaykN-s iid and 4ood. and 'he loves yu X as the Shari ini tIlI in her tht youhad r s'd me. biut that I was coming v-k ithee weeks' time. when Car rinton01 sou% have left thel neighbor hood. unless. Lucy vrote ile that you hld, meiwivhile, accepted hiimi? Sue did not write. and-" "Ild you ever tell Lucy before that thait-") "I am in Iove with youi?" supplied R e "Well. not in- so many words. h t I am sure she understood it. 1er mother found out my secret onei d.y, coming upon ine unawares. I suppose it is an openl secret." he said franikly; "I am n1ot ashamed of it." Miriam did not meet his eyes. She stood downcast and pale clenching her hands together in her eliort for self control. Aunt Gresham knew it! Ait Gresham had told her. Muiami. binding her over to secrecy. that Roger Win throp had spoken to her of his love for her Lucy, qi that Lucy im her heart of hearts cared for hin too. Could Aunt Gresham have blinded herself, or had she deliberately tried to keep Miri ,g and Roger apart? Miriam felt a cOld distrust of her incle s wife. But not of Lucy. Roger must not guess Lucy's mis take. Re was putting out his hand to Miri am now. -1 thought it was Carrington, per haps. who was standing between us," he said. "But I met him in town; he almost said vou had refused him too. Miriam, if you do not like him, is therc----,, no hope-none, that I might teach you to care for me just a little?" She shook her head. "You could never teach me that." - And then, as she lifted her eyes, and saw the white set look upon his face, a quivering smile 11ashed over hers. "You never could teach me that, be cause I love you with my whole heart, IRoger." He had both her hands. "Miriam, my darling!" But when he asked her what made her refuse him just three weeks ago, she only shook her head, "You know the homely proverb, Ro ger: 'Never look a gifthorse in the mouth.' If I give you my love now, you must not try to find out just how old it is." "Mv darlino, you shall date it from the wedding ay, if you will let that be quite soon." "We'll have a double wedding!" she cried gayly. "Lucy and h.- fithful Tom shall be marriedonthatda. I think that you and I together will be able to bring Aunt Gresham to con sent." A physician who is known uptown as the attendant upon some well-known families was presented some time ago by an English manufactuter with a paece of cloth for a pair of trousers. He took the cloth to his tailor and ordered it made up When the pantaloons were sent to him a bill came with them for $30. Hie dropped in to pay the bill, and, with a smile that, seemed based ,on the 'well-grounde'd belief that -~ tailor had blundered, he pointed out he fig ures and suggested that somebody had made a mista-ke. The tailor looked the bill over and said he guessed not; the bili was all right. Trousers of that sort were worth $30. "But I furnished the cloth," prsisted the doctor. "0, the . cloth. .That is a matter of small con-U sequence," said the tailor. -u e never charge for the cloth. Our fit and our reputation are what make pantaloons cost in this establishment."-eW York Times. Broke the ToIlet Set. A lady staying a short time at one of the hotels recently had the ill luck to break a soap dish of a-valuable toilet set, says the St. Louis Star-Sayings. The proprietor said the set w~as quite valuable, and that, as it would be dificult to match the set ini the matter of a soap dish he would have to con sider the whole set destroyed and charge her for it. The price lie _put non it was somewhere in the neigh borhood of $30. The lady was flustered somewhat, but as she had the means she paid the money and went back to her room. Shortly after her ar rival there a servant rushed down to the clerk and said that either the lady was crazy or was being murdered in her room, and clerk and a couple oi porters dashed up-stairs. As they neared the room they heard a series of crashes, and they burst in the door to find the lady standing amid a heap of broken china surveying with much pleasure the ruin she haf wrought. When asked for an explanation she said she had paid for the set, and as she had no use for it at home she thought she'd have some fqn with it. The proprietor will not be so much "on the charge"_hereafter.' Curious Facts Respecting Man. Every adult man has 1,400 square feet of lung surface; or, rather, the mucous memnbrane lining the air cells would, if spread out on a smooth plain surface, cover an extent equal to the A man breathes~ eighteen times a minute, and uses 3,000) cuisic feet, or about 375 hogsiheads, of air per hour. The weight of the heart is from oigt to twelve ounces, and it beats about 100,000 times every twenty-four hours. The espacity! of the stomach is about f v pints; it dily produces nine pounds of gstri. juice for the digrestion of An amount of blood equal to all the blood in the bzxdy passes through the heart every seven minutes. The work performed by the heart ir euivalent to raising its own weight 1,000 feet each hour, the strongest machine yet built by man can only saise its own weight to a perpendicular heigh of 2,700 feot per hour. How He Remembered IC. An enthusiastic young horse owner in Maine has several crack co!ts, also a Iie family of bovs, of whom he is jsty proud, but 'Ike many other fathers he is both1eredl to rmme tei-r ags The otheor day i~i 0:r pisl is~ n i.....b...;. a. y act :ge Saskd --ll nt y.ou remembnier?" re p1ied the ond1 '. .., --h ha orn on thesae dar as .ur a . o-rear-old colt." Tne Oinye Tree. tem r tv fe. but it is soeie as hitgh e tiftt' feet, an~d it reacese an almiot 'nbulnu ag. One late.ly desu-oy ed at Latlieu h'.' a rteord a:.re o r ceii h~~ r~ee a ciulia: .t;he fr it i-- !.- 1 .u ej n r e f its