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VOL. V. MANNING, CLARENDON COUNTY, S. C., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1889. . NO. 44. AMERICA FOR GOD. 'Or. Talmage Discourses on the . Immensity of Our Country. A Graphic Description of the Wonderful Scenery of the Great West and Its - Boundless Resources - How ? the Contineut Is to be GospeUzed. In his recent sermon at the Brooklyn Tab ernacle, Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage chose for his subject. "From Ocean to Ocean, or My Transcontinental Journey." Text: Psalms lxxii. 8: 'He shall have dominion from sea to sea." The eloquent divine spoke as fol lows: What two seas are referred to? Some might say that the text meant that Christ was to reign over all the land between the Arabian Sea and Caspian Sea, or between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, or between the Black Sea and the North Sea. No; in such casesmy text would havenamed them. It meant from any large body of water on the earth clear across to any other large body of water. And so I have a right to read it: He shall have dominion from the Atlantic Sea to the Pacific Sea. My theme is: America for God ! First, consider the immensity of this pos session. If it were only a small tract of land capable of nothing better than sage brush and with ability only to support prairie dogs, I should not have much en thusiasm in wanting Christ to have it added to His dominion. But its immensity and af fruence no one can imagine unless in immi grant wagon or stage coach or in rail train of the Union Pacific or the Northern Pacific or the Canadian Pacific or the Southern Pa cific, he has traversed it. Having been privileged six times to cross this continent, and twice this summer, I have come to some appreciation of its magnitude. California, which I supposed in boyhood from its size on the map, was a few yards across, a ridge of land on which one must walk cautiously lest he hit his head against the Sierra Neva da on the one side or slip off into the Pa cific waters on the other; California, the thin slice of land as I supposed it to be in my boyhood, I have found to be larger than all the States of New England and all New York State and all Pennsylvania added together; and if you add them to gether their square miles fall far short of California. North and South Dakota, Mon tana, and Washington Territory, to be launched next winter into statehood, will be.giants at their birth. Let the Congress of the United States strain a point and soon admit also Idaho and Wyoming and New Mexico. Whay is the use keeping them out in the cold any longer? Let us have the whole continent divided into States with Senatorial and Congressional representa tives and we will all be happy together. If some of them have not quite the requisite number of people, fix up the Constitution to suit these cases. Even Utah will by dropping polygamy soon be ready to enter. Monoga my has triumphed in parts of Utah and will probably triumph at this fall election in Salt Lake City. Turn all the Territories into States and if some of the sisters are smaller than the elder sisters, give them time and they will soon be as large as any of them. Because some of the- dgughters of a family may be ive feet in stature and the others only four feet, do not let the daughters five feet high shut the door in the faces of those who are only four feet high. Among the dying utterances of our good friend, the wise statesman and great author, the brilliant orator and magnificent minatior to move next winter in Congress for the transference of other Territories pinto States. "But," says some one, "in calculatingthe immensity of our continental acreage you must remember that vast reaches of our public domain are uncultivated heaps of dry sand, and the 'bad lards' of Montana and the great American desert." I am glad you mentioned that. Within twenty-five years there will not be between the Attan tic and Pacific coasts a hundred miles of land not reclaimed either by fanner's plow or miners' crowbar. By irrigation, the waters of the rivers and the showers of heaven in what are called the rainy season will be gathered into great reservoirs and . through aqueducts let .down where and when t~e people want them. Utah is an oh ject lesson. Some parts of that Territory which were so barren that aspear of grass could not have been raised there in a hun dred years are nowrich as Lancaster County farms of Pennsylvania, or Westchester farms of New York, or Somerset County farms of New Jersey. *Experimentshave proved that ten acres of ground irrigated from waters gathered in great hydrological basins will produce as much as fifty acres from the downpour of rain as seen in our regions. We have our freshets and our droughts, but in those lands which are to bescientificallyirrigated there will be neither freshets nor drought. As you take a pitcher and get it full of water and then set it on a table and take a drink out of it when you are thirsty, and never think of drinking a pitcherful all at once, so Montana and Wyoming and Idaho will catch the rains of their rainy season and take up all the waters of their rivers in great pitchers of reservoirs, and drink out of them whenever they will, and refresh their land whenever they will. The work has already been grandly begun by the United States Goyernment. Over four hundred lakes have aready been offi cially taken possession of by the nation for the great enterprise of irrigation. Rivers that have been rolling idly through thesere gions, doing nothing on their way to the sea, will be lassoed and corralledand penned up until such time as the farmers need them. Undeuthe same processes the Ohio, thel~is sissippi and all the other rivers will be taught to behave themselves better, and great basins will be made to catch the sur plus of waters in times of freshet and keep them for times of drought. The irrigating process by which all the arid lands between going on successfully hundreds of years in Spain, in Chmna, in India, in Russia, in tegypt. About eight hundred million- of people of the earth to-day are kept alive by food raised on irrigated land. And here we have llowed to lie waste, givenup to rattlesnake and bat and prairie dog, lands enough to support whole nations of industrious popu lation. The work begun will be consum mated. Here and there exceptional lands may be stubborn and refuse to yield any wheat or corn from their hard fists, but If the hoe fail to make an impression, the tiner's pick-axe will discover the reason for it and bring up from beneath these un-, productive surfaces coal and iron, and lead nd copper, and silver and gold. God speed the geologists and the surveyors, the engi neers and the Senatorial commissions, and the capitalists and the new settlers, and the husbandmen who put their brain and hand ad heart to this transtiguration of the American continent! But while I speak of the immensity of the continent, I must remark it is not an im mensity of monotone or tameness. The larger some countries are the worse for the world. This continent is not more rem~ark able for its magnitude than for its wonders of construction. What a pity the United tates Got'ernment did not take possession 'o Yosemite, Cal., as it has of Yellowstone, ~Wycming, and of Niagara Falls, NewYork ! Yosmite and the adjoining California re glns! Who that has seen them can think of them without having his blood tingle? Trees now standing there that were old when Christ lived. These monarchs of foliage reigned before Ctesar or Alexander, and the next thousand years will not shat ter their scepter. They are the masts of the continents, their canvas spread on the winds while the old ship bears on its way through the ages. Their size, of which travelers often speak, does not affect me so much as their longevity. Though so old now, the branches of some of them will crackle in the last contagration of the planet. The valley of the Yosemite is eight miles long and a half mile wide and three thou sand feet deep. It seems as if it had been the meaning of Omnipotence to crowd into as small a place as possible some of themost stupendous scenery of the world. Some of the cliffs you do notstop to measure by feet, for they are literally a mile high. Steep so that neither foot of man nor beast ever scaled them, they stand in everlasting de fiance. if Jehovah has a throne on earth these are its white pillars. Standing down in this great chasm of the valley you look up and yonder is Cathedral Rock, vast, gloomy minster built for the silent worship of the mountains. Yonder is Sentinel Rock, 3,270 feet high, bold, solitary, standing guard among the ages, its top seldom touched un til a bride one Fourth of July mounted it and planted the national standards, and the people down in the valley looked up and saw the head of the mountain turbaned with stars and stripes. Yonder are the "Three Brothers," four thousand feet high; "Cloud's Rest," North and South Dome and heights never captured save by the fiery bayonets of the thunder storm. No pause for the eye, no stoppingplacefor the mind. Mountains hurled on mountains. Mountains in the wake of mountains. Moun tains flanked by mountains. Mountains split. Mountains ground. Mountains fallen. Mountains triumphant. As though Mont Blanc and the Adirondacks and Mount Washington were here uttering themselves in one magnificent chorus of rock and preci pice and waterfall. Sifting and dashing through the rocks, the water comes down. The Bridal Vail Falls, so thin you can see the face of the mountain behind it' Yonder is Yosemite Falls, dropping 2,634 feet, six teen times greater descent than that of Ii agara. These waters dashed to death on the rocks, so that the white spirit of the slain waters ascending in robes of mist seeks the heaven. Yonder is Nevada Falls plunging seven hundred feet, the water in arrows, the water in rockets, the water in pearls, the water in amethysts, the water in diamonds. That cascade flings down the rocks enough jewels to array all the earth in beauty, and rushes on until it drops into a very hell of waters, the smoke of their tor ment ascending forever and ever. But the most wonderful part of this Amer ican continent is the Yellowstone Park. My visit there last month made upon me an im pression that will last forever. After all poetry has exhausted itself and all the Morans and Bierstadts and the other en chanting artists have completed their can vas, there will be other revelations to make and other stories of its beauty And wrath, splendor and agony, to be recited. The Yel lewstone Park is the geologist's paradise. By cheapening of travel may it become the nation's playground! In some portions of it there seems tote the anarchy of the ele ments. Fire and water, and the vapor born of that marriage, terrific. Geyser cones or hills of crystal that have been over 5,000 years growing. In places the earth, throb bing, sobbing, groaning, quakingwith aque ous paroxysm. -At the expiration of every sixty-five min utes one of the geysers tossing its boiling water 185 feet in the air, and thmn descend ing into swinging rainbows. Caverns of pictured walls large enough for the sepul cher of the human race. Formations in stone-in shape and color of calla lily, of heli trope, of rose, of cowslip, of sunfiower and of gladiola. Sulphur and arsenic, and oxide of iron, with their delicate pencils, turning the hills into a Luxemburg or a vatican picture gallery. The so-called Thanatopsis geyser, exquisite as the Bryant poem it was named after, and the so called Evangeline geyser, lovely as the Longfel - ow. horoelus. commeomoratO. The o called Pulpit Terrace from its white eleva tion preaching mightier sermons of God than human lips ever uttered. The so-called Bethesda geyser, by the warmth of which invalids have already been cured, the An gel of Health continually stirring the waters. Enraged craters, with heat at five hundred degrees, only a little below the surface. Wide reaches of stone of Intermingled colors, blue as the sky, green as the foliage, crimson as the dahlia, white as the snow, spotted as the leopard, tawney as the lion, grizzly as the bear, in circles, in angles, in stars, in coronets, in stalactites, in stalag mites. Here and there are petrified growths, or the dead trees, and ve getation of other ages, kept through a process of natural em balmment. In some places waters as inno cent and smiling as a child making a first attempt to walk from Its mother's lap, and not far off as foaming and frenzied and un governable as a maniac~ inmurderous strug gle with his keepers. Bet after you have wandered along the geyserite enchantmeut for days and begin to feel that there can be nothing more of in terest to you, you suddenly come upon the peroration of all majesty and grandeur, the Grand canyon. It is here that it seems to me-and I speak it with reverence-Jehovah seems to have surpassed Himself. It seems a rat gulch let down into the eternities. Here, hung up and let down and spread abroad are all the colors of land and sea and sky. Upholstering of the Lord God Al mighty. Best work of the Architect of worlds. Sculpturing by the Infinite. Mas sonry by an omnipotent trowel. Yellow! xcoinever saw yenow umiess yon saw it there. Red I You never saw red unless you saw it there. Violet!i You never saw vio let unless you saw it there. Triumphant banners of color. In a cathedral of basalt, sunrise and sunset married by the setting of rainbow ring. Gothic arches, Corinthian capitols, and Egyptian basilicas built beforehuman arch itecture was born. Huge fortifications of granite constructed before war forged~ its irst cannon. Gibraltars and Sebastopols that never can be taken. Aihambras, where kings of strength and queens of beauty reigned long before the first earthly crown was empearled. Thrones on which no one but the King of Heaven and earth ever sat. Fount of waters at which the lesser hills are baptized whine the giant cliffs stand round as sponsors. For thousands of years before that scene was unveiled to human sers were hewing away with their hot hisel, and glaciers were pounding with their cold hammers, and hurricanes were cleavirng with their lightning strokes, and hailtones giving the finishing touches, and after all these forces of nature had done their best, In our century the curtain dropped and the world had a r ew and di vinely Inspired reveiation, the Old Tests mnt written on papyrus, the New Tes tament written on parchment and now this last testament written on the rocks. Hanging over one of the cliffs I looked off until I could not get my breath, then re treating to a less exposed place I looked down again. Down there is a pillar of rock that in certain conditions of the atmosphero looks like a pillar of blood. Yonder are ifty feet of emerald on a base of five hun dred feet of opal. Wall of chalk resting on pedestals of beryl. Turrets of light tum bling on floors of darkness. The brown brightening into golden. Snow and crystal melting into fire of carbuncle. Flaming red cooling Into russet. Cold blue warming into saffron. Dull gray kindling into solferino. Morning twilight flushing midnight shad ows. Auroras crouching among rocks. Yonder is an eagle's nest on a shaft of ba salt. Through an eyeglass we see among it the young eagles, but the stoutest arm of our group can not hurl a stone near enough to distur b the feathered domesticity. Yon Aer are heights that would be chilled with horror but for the-warm robe of forest foli age with which they are enwrapped. Altars of worship at which nations might kneel. Domesof chalcedony on temples of porphyry. See all this carnage of -color up and down the cliffs; it must have been the battle-field of the war of the elements. Here are all the colors of the wall of Heaven, neither the sapphire nor the chrysolite nor the topaz nor the jacinth, nor the amethyst nor the jasper nor the twelve gates of twelve pearls, wanting. If spirits bound fr-om earth to Heaven could pass up by way of this canyon, the dash of heavenly beauty only be from glory to glory. Ascent through such earthly scenery in which the crystal is so bright and the red so flaming would be Et preparation for the "sea of glass mingled with fire." Standing there in the Grand canyon of the Yellowstone Park on the morning of August 9, for the most part we held our peace, but after a while it flashed upon me with such power I could not help but say to my comrades: "What a hall this would be for the last judgmentl" See that mighty cascade with the rainbows at the foot of it. Those waters congealed and transfixed with the agitations or that day, what a place they would make for the shining feet of a judge of quick and dead. And those rainbows look now like the crowns to be cast at his feet. At the bottom of this great canyon is a floor on which the nations of the earth might stand, and all up and down these galleries of rock the nations of heaven might sit. And what reverberation of archangels' trumpet there would be through all these gorges and from all ;these caverns and 4r all these heights. Why should not the greatest of all the days the world shall ever see close amid the grandest scenery Omnip otence ever built? 0, the sweep of the American continent! Sailing up Puget Sound, its shores so bold that for fifteen hundred miles a ship's prow would touch the shore before its keel touched the bottom, I said: "This is the Mediterranean of America." Visiting Portland and Ticcma and Seattle and Vic toria and Fort Townsend and Vancouver's and other cities of that Northwest region, I thought to myself: These are the 3ostons, New Yorks, Charlestons, and Savannabs of the.Pacific Coast. But after all this sum mer's journeying and my other journeys westward in other summers, I found tl..t I had seen only a part of the American conti nent, for Alaska is as far west of San Fran cisco as the coast of Maine is east of it, so that the central city of the American conti nent is San Francisco. I have said these things about the magni tude of the continent and given you a few specimens of some of its wonders to let you know the comprehensiveness of the text when it says that Christ is going to have dominion from sea to sea; that is, from the Atlantio to the Pacific. Beside that, the salvation of this continent means the salva tion of Asia, for we are only thirty-six miles from Asia at the Northwest. Only Behring Straits separates us from Asia, and these will be spanned by a great bridge be fore another century closes, and probably long before that. The thirty-six miles of water between these two continents are not at all deep sea, but have three islands, and there are also shoals which will allow piers for bridges, and for the most of the way the water is only about twenty fathoms deep. The Americo-Asiatic bridge which will yet span those straits will make America, Asia, Europe and Africa one continent. So you see America evangelized, Asia will be evangelized. Europe taking Asia from one side and America taking it from the other side. Our great-grandctildren will cross that bridge. America and Asia and Europe all one, what subtraction from the pangs of seasickness! and the prophecies in Revela tion will be fulfilled, "There shall be no more sea." But do I mean literally that this American continent is going to be af. gospelized? I do. Christopher Columbus, when he went ashore from the Santa Maria. and his second brother Alonso, when he went ashore from the Pinta, and his third brother Vincent, when he went ashore from the Nina, took possession of this country in the name-of the Father, and the Son and the Holy Ghost. Satan has no more right to this country than I have to your nocketbook. To hear him talk on the roof of tho tomple, whore he proposed to hive Christ the kingdoms of this world, and the glory of them, you might sup pose tast Satan was a great capntaiist or that he was loaded up with real estate, when the old miscreant never owned an acre or an inch of ground on this planet. For that reason I protest against something I heard and saw this summer and other summers in Montana and Oregon and Wyo ming andlIdaho and Colorado and California. hey have given devilistic names to many laces In the West and Northwest. - As soon as you get in Yellowstone Park r California you have pointed out to you laces cursed with such names as "The Devil's Slide," "The Devil's Kitchen," "The Devil's Thumb," "The Devil's Pul it," "The Devil's Mush Pot," "The Devil's 'ea Kettle," "The Devil's Saw Mfi," "The Devil's Machine Shop," "The Devil's ate," and so on. Now it is very much eeded that the geological surveyor or Con rossional committee or group of distin uished tourists go through Montana and Wyoming and California and Colorado and ive other names to these places. All these regions belong to the Lord and to a Chris Jan nation, and away with such Plutonic nomeclature. But how is this continent to be gospelized? 'he pulpit and the Christian printing press harnessed together will be the mightiest team for the first plow. Not by the power f cold, formalistic theology, not by.ecclesi stical technicalities. I am sick of them and the world is sick of them. But It will be one by the warm-hearted, sympathetic presentation of the fact that Christ is ready o pardon all our sins and heal all our wounds and save us both for this world and the next. Let your relig'ion of glaciers rack off and fall into the Gulf stream and get melted. Take all your creeds of all de nminations and drop out of them all human praseology and put in only scriptural phr-a eology and you will see how quick the peo ple will jump after them. On the Columbia River a few days ago we saw the salmon jump clear out of the water n different places, I suppose for the pur ose etf gettlng the insects. And if when e want to fish for men we could only have the right kind of bait, they will spring ut above the flood of their sinsand sorrowa o reach It. The Young Men b Christian Associations of America will also do part of the work. All over the continent I saw this summer their new buildings arising. In Vancouver's I ask-ed: '-What are you going was: "A Young Men's Christian Associa tion building." At Lincoln, Neb., I said: "What are they making those exc avations for?" Answer: "For our Young Men's Christian Association building." At Des Moines, Ia., I saw a noble structure ris'.rg. and I asked for what purpose it was being built, and they told me for the Young Men's Christian Association. These institutions are going to take the young men of this nation for God. These nstutions seem in better favor with God and man than ever before. Business men and capitalists are awaking to the fact that they can do nothing better in the way of living beneficence or in last wvill and-testa ment than to do what Mr. Marquand did for- Brooklyn when ho made our Young Men's Christian Palace possi lle. These institutions will get our young men all over the land into a stam pede for Heaven. Thus we will all in some, way help on the work, with your ten talents, with five, somebody else with three. It is estimated that to irrigate the arid and desert lands of America as they ought to be irrigated it will cost about one hundred million dol lars to gather the waters into reservoirs. As much contribution and effort as that would irrigate wvith gospel influences all the waste places of this~ continent. Let us by prayer and contribution and right living all help to fill the reservoirs. You will carry a bucket and you a cup, and even a thimble ful would help. And after a while God will send the 'floods of mercy so gathered, pouring down over all the land, and some of us on earth and some of us in Heaven will sing with Isaiah: "In the wilderness waters have broken out and streams in the desert," and with David: "There is a river the streams whereof shall make glad the sight of God." 0, fill up the reservoirs' America for God! FAMILY STANDARDS. What Makes the Training of Children of SSuch Great ResponsibIlIty. No stream can flow higher than its source. Th cobie honty of any family will not be higher than the laws governing it training. The individual who was born and trainee In a family where strict integrity and trut were unknown has that much harder battle to fight in overcoming the tendencies of hi: nature. It is this that makes the training of young children such a tremendous re sponsibility. Is there a sadder sight than the puzzle( expression of a child's face when the mothe1 whom it loves with the whole strength o: Its being utters a social falsehood in it. presence? and yet it is not so rare a sigh as it should be. Can there be a standard o: truth in a family where the daily life of the family Is an untruth, where the effort to ap pear is far greater than the effort to be To give a child the right standards there must be harmony in his life, and there car be no harmony without truth. The smai boy in an infant class struck the very foun dations of life when he exclaimed to a little girl covered with shame and confusion be cause her cap had been knocked off, re vealing a smoothly-cropped head and thE row of curls sewed fast to the ruches of the cap on the floor: "Ha! ye needn't be s< 'shamed if ye hadn't made believe!" It is the "make believes" that cause the morti fication. The man whose house is built or the rock truth has a sure foundation; hE commands respect without question, and need fear no man's comment. "Electricity can not follow a broken wire, nor success s lying life." "I teach my children to speal the truth" is but a small part of a mora education. Are they taught to live it? Is the home life, by example as well as pre cept, a life of truth? Within a few days the papers have recorded five heavy em bezzlements. The principals concerned as far as their histories have been re vealed, were men who had peculial social advantages; at least three of then were born into homes of wealth, and all were men who had had every educational advantage. The partner of one said: "I "al ways knew he was careless, but supposed he was honest." Will a strictly honest mat be careless where money matters are in volved? Will a man to whom truth is more than a tongue accoml-ishment be careless to criminality? You may say he is weak, but "there is a weakness that is as criminal as wickedness," and it is this weakness thal is a sure indication of the lack of courage inseparable from truth. truu, are iore, ia umverae zur n m. ings, and a love of it, devotion to it, is a perfect equipment for all of life's battles. Christian Union. Genuine Recuperative Rest. Not absolute inaction, but a change of modes of action, is recuperative rest to r man in his waking hours. He who would be refreshed for renewed intellectual activ. ities by an intermission of his ordinary oc cupation, must see to it that his brain is kept at work in another direction during that interval, or he will return to his old duties with less power than before for the performance of those duties. To expect to gain strength in one's intellectual faculties by an entire cessation of their use for weeks together, is as unreasonable as it would be to expect to gain muscular power by re fusing to use the muscles for the same length of time, or to gain skill in musical execution by refraining for an extended period from all musical practice. If, indeed. a man were to intermit all intellectual ac tivities during any one month, or two months of the year, it would be an impossibility for him to come back to his work at the end of that time as well fittod for it as when he left it for this period of enervating idleness. Recuperative rest is desirable for every hard-worked man or woman; but recupera tive rest in one's waking hours can come only through a change of work, never through an absolute cessation of work.-S. S. Times. The Census of 1790.' Among the original documents preserved in the Interior Departtment in Washingter the most interesting are the books of the ceasus of 1790, about twenty-five of which, hardly averaging the size of an encyclope dia, are safely stored where- lock and key protect them from the casual visitor. The most striking feature of these books is the remarkable legible writing with which the founders of the republic recorded the name of every head of a household in the United States. The census-takers .of that period did not use printed forms on which to tabu late this information, but ruled blank books from blank paper, which they bound by in closing within old covers of books the leaves of which hadl been cut out. However crudely these books are shown to be made there is not one instance in which careless work can be char~ged, and in no case was there any slovenliness of penmanship. Washington Star. -To be a philosopher is not merely to have subtle thoughts, but so to love wis dom as 12o live according to its dictates. Thoreau. -Never take away from a man even the shadow of a spiritual truth, unless you can give him substance in return.-Mat rice. General Grant's Burial Place. Colonel F. D. Grant, United States Minister to Austria, has written a letter n which be intimates that if the nation, s represented by the Federal govern ent, should wish to remove the re mains of General- U. S. Grant to the apital and build there its monument is family would accede to the plan. ith the proviso that the last wish of he dead so!dier, adhered to with char cteristic tenacity under the most athetic circumstances, should be car ied out and a place at his side be re erved for his wife. This would indi ate that Colonel Grant has come to the onclusion that the projected monument ver his father's grave at Rive-rside ark, New York, will never be erected. l'oundered at Sea. NXw Ycoax, October 3.--A dispatch to he Maritime Exchange to-dlay, dated assau, September 30, announces that he British smamer Earnmioor, from Baltimore for Rio Jaineiro, had found red at sea in a gale ou September 5tb. All hands were lost except seven, who were landed at Nassau. Thbe total loss s about twenty-eight lives. The Earn oor was a British steamship of 132') ons, and was commanded -by Captain rey. She left Baltimore August 29J, ad next day sailed from Hampton Roads for Rio Janeiro. An Echo from the Civil War. CCeAGO, October 2.--A mnost peculiar acident occurred yesterday afternoon n the Libby prison. Resting against ne of the pillars were a number of old war muskets. No one was nearer than five feet to them. Suddenly one of the uskets was discharged. the contents earing a hole in the ceiling above. The reort was terrible, and several people were greatly excited. How the old mus ket was exploded no one can explain. t had done service durinig the late war, md somek soldier haid loade~d it in readi ness to lire. It wans placed among the other relies, apparently, without being verhauled. The charge must have been in the musket at least twenty-six years. More Soushern Enterprises. The Baltimore M.anufacturers' Record this week has a comparative statement f the new onterprises organized during the last nine months in the South, show ing that in 1889 there were 4,053 organ ized, as against 2,042 in the same period f 1888, and that the amount of capital epresented in the enterprises is $154, 848,700 in 1889, as against $121,415,000 in 1888. OUR WORKING WOMEN. NO LESS HONST 'AND VIRTUOUS THAN WOMEN OF LEISURE. Conditions That Make Life Less Plea sant for Them in Crowded New York Than in Some Other Cities-Labor Commissioner Wright's Investigations. WASHINGTON, September 30. -The fourth aonual report of Carroll D. Wright, Commissioner of Labor, just issued, is an interesting addition to the existieg information and statistics on the subject of labor in America. The work deals entirely with the question of working women in large cities. The book, which makes a volume of nearly 700 pages, gives an account of the gene ral condition of working women in all large Americau cities, and has a special chapter devoted to working women's boarding houses, aids for working women, etc. Not the least important feature of the volume is the chapter devoted to the character of working women. Original investigations were made in Brooklyn, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Indianapolis, Louisville, Newark, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Rich mond, St. Louis and San Francisco. Tables are given showing the various occupations in which the women i;a these cities are engaged and the comparative per cent. of moral and immoral women. After giving a novel and interesting re port of his own personal investigation into the extent of immorality among working women and the causes of it, Commissioner Wright thus sums up his opinion on the whole question: "From all that can be learned, one need not hesitate in asserting that the working women of the country are as honest and as virtuous as any class of our citizens." Relative to the condition of the work ing women of New York city the report says: "Two features in the conditions of New York city so largely affect the working women there as te dwarf all other considerations-the tenemeut house and the influx and concentration of foreigu immigration. The existence of separate homes is a ratity even among the well-to-do industrial classes. The crowded condition of the poor and strug gling is beyond belief unless actually witnessed. '"This brings with it disease, death, immorality, etc. Tall rear tenements block up the small air spaces that are in'sufficient even for the front, and often a third house stands behind the second. Sewerage is lacking or defective, and stenches of all kinds prevail in the poorer quarters. The new tenements are built with more attention to air, light and cleanliness, and there is a growing movement toward securing bet ter homes for the working population. Ground being so dear rents are enor mous. The necessaries of life are high, and many of the poor live on the refuse of the markets. On the other hand the comforts of life are found in the best tenements. Carpets and clean beds, lace curtains, upholstered furniture, pictures, pianos and organs are not in frequent. "Among the foreign settlers the illit eracy is very great. Ambition to learn English. however, fills the night schools with eager pupils, while the native population is content with ignorance. Working girls born in New York are alert and worldly wise rather than well educated,-even according to the stand ard of the public schools. The pres sure of necessity drives them early into the workshop. The moral condition of the working women is influenced for evil by the tenement house home in a way too vast for discussion here. One noteworthy cause of immorality is the taking of men as lodgers for the sake of extra income. Another is the long dlis tance girls are compelled to traverse after dark, especially on leaving stores which remain open till 10 or 11 o'clock on Saturday night.. Another is tne crowding of friendless young women to the metropolis, where they live without home restraints, suffering every con ceivable discomfort, and subject to long periods of idleness, which they often enter upon with an empty purse. Even among the lowest grades, however, there is a ready response to gentle treat ment and an mnnate politeness that can spring only from a kind heart. The truest heroism of life and conduct was found beneath rags and dirt. In dress and bearing the better class of workits girls compare favorably with women of leisure and refinement. The almost in variable church contributions, especially among the foreign population, indicate a steady church attendance. ".As respects ventilation, a properly regulated workshop is the exception. The average room is either stuffy and close or hot and close, and even where windows abound they are seldom opened. Toilet faciiities are generally scant and inadequate. "The moral conditions of the shops vary~ with the character of the occupa tions, the foremen and forewomen, and the interest the proprietor takes in hi< employees. Whenever the sexes work indiscriminately together great laxity ob tains. In well conducrdd r~oms, the home is often higher than in the girls' own room. Open violations ot morality are rare and are always discountenaned. Whenever the employer was personally acquainted with his people the standard of conduct was apt to be excek-t. In many an instance, however, the emi ployer openly declared that so long as his work was done, he did not ask or care how bad. the girls might be. . "Considering the cost of hiving, wages are httle,-if any, higher in New York thban in other cities, though the number of well-paid p-ositions beiL'g greator, the chiances of promnotion are better. Act I al ill treatment by eumployer s seenms to be infrequent. Kindness, justice and cordial relations are the genceral rule. Foreigners are often found to be more considerate of their help than native borni men, and the kindest proprietor in the world is a Jew of the better class. In some shops week workers are locked out for the half day if late or docked for every minute of time lost, an extra fine being often added. Piece workers have great freedom as to ho~urs, and em ployers cotmplain much of tardiness and absenteeism. The mere existence of health and labor laws insures privileges formerly unheard of. IHalf holidays in Isummer, vacations with pay, and shorter hours are becoming every year more frequent. Se'its for women and girls are more generally provided. Bet ter workshops are constructed and more comfortable accommodations are being furnished." Eight closely printed pages are de voted to a detailed account of all the Iworking and other aid societies and wo men's homes in New York city, closing with an abstract of the work done by the Workingwomen's Protective Asso ciation, which, the report says, is con - ducted without expense either to the em - ployrr emoyene, anr1 hna been of great value to, as its record of nearly 50,000 situations secured amply attests. Commissioner Wright's report, treating as it does of an almost unwritten Amer ican prob~lem, and in afi exhaustive way, bids fair to attract wide attention. HOW IT WORKS IN GREENVILLE The Plan of Operations of the Farmers' Alliance Bureau There. (Fvm the Greennille News. On a table in the room now used as an office :rc a number of samples of to bacco, flour, sugar, coffee, rice, grits, meal, etc., which have been sent to the agent by merchants in the city who will compete for the trade of the alliance members.. A number of farmers were in the office cescerday and several pur chases have already been made through the bureau. The reporter inquired of Dr. Mitchell the method to be used in conducting the alliance. "In th'c first place," replied the agent, "the merchant sends or hands to me a written or printed price list of bisgood.:. Along with this he gives me a number of samples of each article named in the price list. I will have several large tables on which to display these samples, and on each sample I put the price at which the merchant quotes the article, and I also mark the sample with a private mark so as to tell what firm the sample belongs to. I file the price lists away for reference when they are needed. By the method I have named you can read ily see that it is the best plan. No one but myself can tell by looking over the samples what firm they belong to, and only the price on the box can be told by a person who might attempt to get the prices of rival merchants. "When an alliance man desiring to purchase comes into the office he care fully selects from the samples the goods he wants. He can read the prices and knows which are the cheapest and which suits him best. He tells me that he wants a certain goods, and as I know what firm sells that particular artie> by the rates quoted, I write him an order to the firm, telling them to let the purchaser have the goods he wants ar their quoted prices. 'They put an additional 1-i per cent. on the purchase, and that goes to making up my salary." "Do you exhibit your price list to members of the alliance?" "Yes, if they ask me for the price list of a certain firm, they have the privilege of looking at it, but are in duty bound to keep the contents a secret. None but alliance members are granted this privi lege. There is no chance for trickery." Everybody understands that the ob ject of the bureau is to cause competi tion among merchants and cheapen prices, and any person who inspects its workings can see that it is the intention of the alliance and of the agent to give every business man a fair chance to get. pis share of trade through 's channels. Dr. Mitchel''- at $1,200. IT . e'Ved a an additional. 1; per cen . on the goons bought by the farmer who trades through tie bureau. Dr. Mitchell keeps a blank book,-; . an order is written by him he also writesont stub the name of the merchant to whom the orderis given. Then the businessman pays the agent the per cent. charged on the bill of goods purchased. To raise the salary of $1,200 at 1: per cent. the bureau will have to do a yearly business of $140,000. Cash is the basis on which the bureau works. The alliance member pays cash on the order he obtains frbm the agent. Special arrangements may be agreed upon between the seller and purchaser by which the latter can get his goods on time, but that-has nothing to do with the bureau. It is understood, of course. that the bureau does no trading in itself and is not therefore responsible for any debts incurred by persons who buy trough it. The bureau is simply a place where the farmer can come and get the lowest prices on what he wants without baving to travel all over the city in search of it. SWIF T JUSTICE IN BORNEO. Chinese Secret Society Members Shot and Others Brande'd and Fiogged. The &Sra its Times of August 1'7th. published at Singapore, which has just arrived in this city, briings news of the remrable workings of a Ch inese secret society in Sarawak, Borneo. The so cieties were in power there some thirty years ago, and nearly put an end to the regular governmeut. Thley were only overcome after great bloodshed, and laws werg passed to pre vent their reappearance. But lately the Chinese outlaws of the Ghee Hin Society revived their organizakion. .The Rajah immediately set to work to frustrate their plans. Ta-enty-five of the leaders and members of the society were ar rested. They were tried before a special court consisting of four European, four alay and four Chinese members Tbis court communicated to the Rajah its findings. It tound that six of the men were active leaders of the Ghee Hiu or- Sam Tiac, Chinese Se'cret Society; that eleven of the prisoners were the societ's active agenrts in bcatiing, frigtenin;:, or muider-ing non-memn ber, ai:u that seven were "merely mnebers, tau , as tar as is known, there is nothi:ng further- against them." On 3Monday, Augrust 12, in the pres nce of "-the leading 3Malay-s and Ubii nese Towkays of Kuching and the Sara wak Rangers," the sentences were passed by the Rajab as follows: That the six chief men be shot;-That the eleven actic-e :tgents --receive six dozen strokes with a rattan; have their heads shaved; be imprisoned during the pleasure of his Highness, the Rajah, and be branded with tue letters S. S. on the hand, and that on release they sbo'uld be bauished forever from Sarawak," 'and that tne seven others be released "if they swear in their temples not to have anything more to do with the society and to give up the society documents in their pos 5ession." The six principals were blindfolded ind pinioned and shot by twenty-two soldiers simultaneously on the river aunch Young Harry. Then the eleven wecre dogged, and the other seven put in jail to await sentence in case they refuse :o repent. New York Democratic Nominations. The New York Deimocraitic State Con entioni nominated the following ticket: Ex-Assemblyman frank Rice of Ontario ounty for Secretary of State; Edward Wemble, incumbent, Comptroller; Hon. Elliott Danforth, State Treasurer; Chas.. I. Tabor, incumbent. Attorney General; John Bogart, State Engineer; Dennis )Brien, Court of Appeals Judge. The young ladies of Burnett, Wis., aave formed -'The Heavenly Foot" so ~iety, the object of which is to do away vith the practice of wearing a number1 "THE NEW COLUMBIA." A Bright Record and a Bright Prospect for South Carolina's Capital City. (Chkarleston Sers and (ourier,: Oct. 2.) In the review of Columbia's progress. which is published to-day, all South Carolina will take equal pride, for it illustrates the pluck and industrv of South Carolinians, their elasticityof snirit and their fortified confidence. There is matter, also, for the consid eration of the capitalist and the techni cist of other Siates, for Columbia is facing a future full of opportunities, and the time for utilizing them is near at band. The comparisons instituted in the re view reveal a ratio of development since 1880 which might be looked for only in a mushroom city, experiencing the forc ing processes of capital and speculation. True; the contrast between the condi tions of this year and those of the year of the last census is made more sharp by the lethargy and inanition of Co lumbia at the former period-the period of reaction after the fever of profligacy which burned in the arteries of capital during the nine years of reckless waste fulness accompanying the carget-bag spo liation of South Carolina-but so much the more creditable is it that a city so prostrated should show such powers of recuperation! There is, accordingly, just occasion for congratulation to Columbia upon the evidence that, during periods rang ing from six to nine years, its popula tion has increased 55 per cent., its cot ton trade 92 per cent., its banking cap ital 119 per cent , its general business 324 per cent., and its manufactured products 520 per cent. These hand some figures show that wealth and busi ness are running far in advance of popu lation, and that the average Columbian of to-day is a much more prosperous citizen than he used to be. Turning from these striking achieve ments of the decade to the shorter pe riod more particularly within the scope of the review, it is seen that the city maintains its rule of progress. The conditions in Columbia a year ago were not hopeful. The general shortage in the yield of cotton had been most acutely felt in the country tribu tary to the capital, where freshets and rains had. almost totally destroyed the crops on the rich river lands, and the other proceeds of the plantations were not remunerative. Agriculture being still the basis of trade and prosperity in South Carolina, there was no reason to expect, afte: September, that Columbia would have a satisfactory year. Notwithstanding this, an actual bal ance of the books shows that the de crease in the value of the cotton re ceipts was only $175,000, or less than 8 per cent., while the trade in other ling. increased $730,000, or 13 per cent., and the output of manufnctories $373,000, or 21 per. cent., making a total gain of $1,100,000ygaiust a loss of $175,000! the city aggregated before, an inc The progre her re spepts has be orefapparent. *-he6i1inave increased their business isfy'""ier cent. The railroads which have reported their receipts show very large gains. Real estate transac tions have been greatly enlarged. A quarter of a million dollars has been put into new buildings. The returns of city property for taxa tion indicate an increase of $300,000, exclusive of manufacturing plants. Companies devoted to purposes of manu facturing, development and investment have been organized with a omtbined capital of a million and a quarter dollars. A steam cotton mill, a cotton oil mill, a cotton batting factory and a mattress factory have been put in operation, a le'ge fertilizer factory is being erected and a furniture company is preparing its plant. An important railroad, con trolled by Columibians in the interest of their city, is in process of completion. The barriers to riv~er navigation arc being removed. The wholesale trade has been extended. Best of all the great canal, upon which the hopes ot Colum bia have so long been centred, is, by Columbia effort, in an advanced condi tion and by 'next summer will afford power for the turning of 300,000 spindles with their complement of looms. A bright record and a bright prospect! The details and the summaries which are given in the review can be st udied with advantage by all who have an in terest in the evolution of wea1hh out of poverty, and of prosperity out ot disas ter. "The New Colum'oia" has grown so mucil that no editorial epitome can cover its many points of progress. There is a great future for the Capital City, a future which can be brought near to 1889 by the continued cnter prise and public spirit of its citizens. It is already a centre of .population, of government, of educeation and of trans portation in South Carolina. It can be made as well a centre of manufacturmng and trade, but its speedy development as such will depend largely upon local example and effort. These inpured, and the advantages of the city fully and; antelligciitly set forth, there will be no lack of capital and skill from without to give large effect to all worthy aspira tions and round out the work which has been so bravely begun! "HIDE FROE THE CENSUS TAKER." Georgia Negroes Told How to Scale Down Representation. AmmNT, Ga., October 4.--The pur pose of the negro State convention, called for November 12, may be ,iudged fom the following editorial utterance* in the .Atlanta Ycu's, of which William ledger, who calls the convention, is editor: We are going to discuss matters, don't matter who it hurts. We are going to tell of outrages and of the robbery of >ur people, expose the lies the Bourbon press has circulated about us, tell how we are denied representation and say to the world that so far as negro domina ion is concerned we do not wish ir, but will say that we want representation caled down, and if necessary to do it we will say to every negro in the State, 'Hide while the census is being taken." If necessary, let the census rell that lhere is not a negro ci:izen orfC Gorgia. say, if necessary, you haive moved toj ississippi. Let the convention be ~rderly and conservative, having the uterest of our State at heart. Never orget that we are one people, and that the interest of one race is the interest' >f the other. Troy, N. Y., is having an epidemic of yphoid fever. In one locality there vere last week three hundred cases and ifteen deaths. Cause, filth and bad va ter. The crew of the Spanish vessel captured by Riffians off the Moroceo coast have COLORED DUELISTS. TWO GEORGIA DAKwwYS RESORT TO THE CODE. To Appease Their Wounded "Honoh.' At the Critical Moment, However. the Challenger Weakens and Ignominiously Runs Away. ATLANTA, Ga., October 2.-Georgia duelists will be startled when they find what a moral effect their actions are - having on the darkeys. The following story of the last Georgia duel takes the a rag off the bush. It comes here direct from Homer, Ga., where the two negro principals live. Will Gober and Major Hill, two stal wart rivals belonging to the colored so ciety, became enraged at each other in the heat of debate on Saturday night. A measure of great importance was being considered, and Gober dropped his tuick underlip, and in a threatening and insolent manner began calling Hill names, among the rest the vile epithet of a "thieving, undermining scoundrel" was used, whereupon Bill demanded a retraction. Gober held his position, r-' asserting the charge, and soon sides were taken, and the society broke up in a row. Leading darkeys interfered, and succeeded in getting Hill off home. Sunday morning, before sunrise, Hill had chosen his best man, and sent a challenge to Gober, in the following po lire manner: "HIGH SHoAL s, Ga., September 30. Will Gober: Last nite you insulted me, des like no nigger eber done befo.' In dis matter my honah is at stake, sah, and I demand de satisfaxtion of a gen tleman. Meet me at de oyster rock on de Hudson Riber, in de mornin' at 6 o'clock sharp. Bring all de weapins you's got, an' ef you don't keep your eye skinned I'll cut your libber into mink's meet. Dis will be handed you by Henry Streety, and you can send your anser back by him or 'somebody else. I'll be dar. MAJOR Hn.." Gober had fallen into a Sunday morn ing snooze and was still asleep when Streety arrived with the blood-thirsty metsage. He sent six miles up the river for Jake Anderson, his best friend, and the answer was delayed until 2 o'clock, when Major-received the following: - 'FLAT CBEF., September 28.-Major Hill: Your letter was handed me.by dat good-for-nothing loafer, Henry Streety, dis merningt and I'll des say dat dis nigger don't swallow de things what his tongue lops out, on' I'll be dar at dat oyster rock. I dun tol' Jake Anderson r to say to you I'll do justice to de 'casion, - honah or no honab! I'll be dar, time = you's reddy, and don't you fergit I'm a cummin. WuL GOBEE." The news flew on the wings of the wind. A party of whites caught on to the duel and attempted to disperse the rebels, but the darkies skipped out and arranged to meet on an island five miles up the river. Twelve paces were meas ured off, and the combatants faced each other with "swamp angels" i T P ne, t ,It y . . ~d 'es surrounded tem, including physicians, reporters an sporting men, and some of them tried to effect a set tlement, but the combatants were bent on having gore. The seconds were also armed to the teeth and anxious for the fight. Henry Streety gave the word one, two. Then Major spoke: . "Hold on, dar!" Jake Anderson drew his pistol and docked it. Hill says: "See here, dis nigger allus been a peace able darky an' lubs de law. I hates to do a thing like dis, but Will Gober, if you don't take back what you said Sad day night, den dis nigger's gwine to stick to dis thing frou thick and thin, an' hab his honah back or die in de 'tempt." Gober cried out: "Genl'men,,hesS broke de rule, and P's gwine to." But just at that time Streety sprang out with a revolver presented and cried: "De fir't man what moves Il shoot him." The positions were resumed again, and the fight commenced; one, two- and at number two Hill backed andwhr hollowing at the top of his voice: "Don't shoot," and was soon splashing about in - the river and on the other side, leaping at break-neck speed down the river, leaving the modern sporting men and ,the victorious duelists in their glory. One shot was fired by Gober just over Hill's head, cutting some of the leaves off the trees. Hill was seen last near the Curryhee last night- still hurrying along, and. Gober is on the lookout for the Sheriff. All enjoyed the last Georgia duel hugely. "There is a marked difference in nigger and human nature," said one of the party. Another said: Didn't dat nigger r'un, do, w'en he got turn roun'." Italian Railroad Laborers. . Mr. R. S. Pringle has, for the past few weeks, been negotiating an engage ment with a parry of fifty Italians to work on the Eutawville Railroad between this point and Summerton. In response to a letter received from the representa tive of the Italians, Mr. Pringle has signed and sent forward a contract srio ulating among other conditions tO give them continuous employment on the railroad for a period of four mouths if so much rime shall be required to com- - plete the gradmng. In the event toe grading on the road shall be completed before the expiration of the time agreed on, Mr. Pringle has obliged himself to pr ocare work for tbem at the :)hosphate works near Charleston. Arrangements have been made with a phosphate com pany to take the Italians should it be come necessary. Mr. Pringle, by this new arrangement for labor, will render himself independent of the uncertain and unreliable local supply of bands, and will be enabled to rapidly push forward~ the work of the road. After the expiration of their term of service with Mr. Pringle it might be well for some of our local authorities to experiment with the.Italian. In Florida, where they are extensively employed, they prove industrious, economical and more trustworthy than the usual labor ers of the South. Tbe Italians are a gregarious people and will have to be employed either together or in the same community. In bands of the size of this gang they are usually organized and commonly have a native pniest aiong at the head as both spiritual and temporal guide. -&enmter Watchman. Gen. Faulkner Gets Seven Years. Br-mLo, N. Y, October- 7.-The jury in the case of Gen. Lester B. Faulkner came into court at 10:15 this morning with a verdict of --guilty as charged in the eighteeuth count of the indictment," in making a false report of the condition of the Dansville National Bank in \f y, - 1887, to which he signed his name. Judge Coxe this afternoon sentenced Faulkner to seven years in the Erie County penitentiary. An application will be made before Judge Wallace at yraunse for a writ of error.