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VOL 1. IANNIN(i, CL ARENIDON COUNTY, S. (, WEDNESDAY, MAY 19, 1886. NO._23 THOUGHTS FOR TIL mON-m. IOE bEA*O.NABLE *t (GGENTION*-RO HIGH AU'TIORITV. What Work the Gwni Farmern xhmaid Do it the Month of May--kn tntere4tin;: Article Fronw an Intelligen:t Writer. (W L. Jor.es ir the May cuii'& - The earth is now warm wnough for grass and weeds to grow rapidly. Thcy cannot be permitted to share with the crops the plant food in the soil; extermi nation of them is now the order of the day. How to accomplish this economi cally, rapidly and without injury to young crops is one of the nieest proldems the farmer is called upoln to - solve. In the recent progress of agriculture. the old-time method of running around young plants with a narrow scooter. hav ing a board nailed to foot and beam on one side to prevent throwing dirt on the little plants, first gave way to the sweep. The latter shaved the surface nicely, and with its wing running quite fiat threw verv little dirt. Moreover the siding furrows swept out the middles at the same time, a great advance over two siding furrows with scooters and sibse quent breaking of the middies with shovels. But with the nicest work of the sweep, there is still a narrow strip along the 'ne of plants which is undis turbed, and upon which grass can tirmly fix itself. T- destroy it, the hoe was called into requisition. This involved heavy expense, unpleasant contact with labor and great demand for hands to chop out cotton. Next caie broadcast cultivation .vith the harrow in the first stages of the crop, with heel scrapes and cultivators later. This is as far as we have advanced; indeed, most farmers have not yet reached this point, and the method is not yet, perhaps, fully per fected. But from the very nature of things we must advance in this direction -machines, implements, horse-power, must supplant hand labor more and more. How to cheapen production is the problem of the hour. Our fathers pushed labor to 'the utmost in clearing forests and cultivating virgin soils. Since the war the use of fertilizers has been developed to great perfection; and now surroundings demand the most ext(nded use of machinery and horse-power. All departments of industry are moving in this direction, and agriculture cannot lag behind. Cautiously, wisely, judiciously it must go on. Our readers will remember the articles published last year in the Cultivator on broadcast cultivation with the harrow. The points which seem to be well set tied were that obstructions must be re moved-trash in the shape of corn and cotton stalks cut up or knocked to pieces .and buried by breaking land with large zurn plougbs; beds, if any, to be low and leveled down with harrow immedi. ately after planting; if rain foIows plant ing quickly, harrow as soon as dry enough, never allowing a crust to form. As soon as cotton begins fairly to come up, run harrow obliquely across rows never in the direction of the rows-in four or five days run obliquely across again in the opposite direction, so that these two harrowings may be at right angles to each other. In three or four days harrow again across the last. These harrow~ings must begin early and be re peated rapidly to thin out the cotton, which they can do whilst the plants are very youngand tender-when still yel low. 'When older and tougher they will be pushed aside often without being de :stroyed. The cotton now being consid erably thinned, grass and weeds thor oughly kille , and the surface nicely pulverized, te crop is in condition to be easily cultivated with sweep or scrape. It is said also that in the condition left by the harrowings a good hand can chop to a stand two acres of cotton a day. If the soil is supplied with humus, and the land well prepared, cultivation should be very shallow from the start. In hard soil, disposed to run together after rain, a deep plowing is perhaps admissible when the cotton is very young, but not otherwise. In two experiments made successively in 1884 and 1885 at the Ala bama Experiment Station, to test effects of deep and shallow cultivation, there was a difference respectively of 8.5 and 109 pounds of seed cotton per acre in favor of shallow cultivation throughout. The two plats were prepared, manured and cultivated exactly alike, except that when the cotton on one plat was about a foot high it was plowed deep with a long seoter and scrape, as is frequently done by farmers, and its roots considera bly cut. The scrape should always be attached behind the foot of the plow, not in front of it, and the scooter used with it should be very short, just long enough to keep the point of the plow root from striking the bottom of the fur row. Another interesting experiment made at the same station illustrates a point we have often urged, to-wit, the importance of pressing or tirming seed in the soil to insure prompit gernunation. Cotton wvas planted in two adjacent rows on the same day with two different cot ton planters, one covering the seed in the usual mianner, the other throwing thie dirt into a ridge over the seed andl .then passing it down on the seed by a roi2kr rigidly attached to the nmachine; ivea~r wvas dry. Where the roller .Iressed the dirt uplon the seed, a stnmd was sesrea: n ten days: the other did .not come up edil after -a rain had fallen .and some twenty- four dlays after being planted. Inventors have not as vet givenl up1 the -hope or the possibility of perfecting a .machine for chopping cotton. There is .every probability that one can loe made which will " bunch" cotton satisfactorily. *But the sam end might be reached by a pia. dmnning the seed in hills. , The mere buncing, however, is not thc most important thing to be compassed; kilflng the grass along the line of drill and thinning the bunch out so the plants will not crowd and dwarf each other are the main disiderata. This, it strikes us, the harrow will do better than anything else. After the harrow has done its work, then probably a chopper might be used advantageously. The bringing to I a final stand will probably always re quire some hand labor, but, aside from this, cotton cultivation ought to be done exclusively by machines. We have no doubt the proper implements for the purpose will be forthcoming in due time. Machine-made cotton alone in this country can compete with that raised by cheap labor in India and elsewhere. It is of the first importance that, the early workings of crops should be re peated at short intervals, and thorough ly done. Now is the time to kill grass with least, labor. If allowed to get a strong foothold, it will take three times as much work to kill it next month as is required to do it now, to say nothing of the injuy done by robbing the crop of food, and the bruising and disturbing of the plants in getting the strongly rooted grass away frozi them. At least once in ten days the harrows or plows should pass over, and whatever hoe work is needed be given without hesitation or delay. If the ground happens to be drv. don't be deceived into the belief that the crop is clean because the young grass is covered with dust and is not plainly visible. We have seen many a crop ruined by carelessness just. at this point. A aV 'Iay checks the growth of grass and hills the farmer into fancied security. A wet June follows, the grass springs up like magic and he never catches up with it again. If the harrow has been properly used in the corn field, that crop will now be perfectly clean and so far advanced that there will be no further difficulty in covering up young grass or weeds even with a scrape. We know from repeated trials, even on bottom lands that are so liable to become foul, that a corn crop may be made with the plow alone. It can be done even with ordinary, old time plows; start before grass makes headway; Aith a turning shovel begin in the centre of the middle and bed up, the wing being turned away from the corn. The last furrow, when a middle is com pleted, will side the corn very elosely and throw just enough dirt to cover up young grass without covering the young corn. The next working: with a short. and broad turning shovel, begin next to corn with wing towards it, and throw dirt moderately to the plants. These two workings should be given before the corn is ten inches high. After that the scrape will do all that is necessary. Where corn is planted in the water-fur row, a proper running of the scrape will cover up all grass from the beginning to the end. The first of May is the best time to sow the first crops of forage corn, sor ghums and millet. Supposing the land to have been broken some time ago, it should have received two broadcast har rowings to keep the surface clean and mellow. This is especially necessary for all of the sorghums, because the plants are small at first and grow off quite slow ly. Hence early working with the plo~w is difficult and not satisfactory if the land is grassy. These crops can't bear the expense of hoe work; therefore the necessity for having the land in finest order at planting time. Lay off rows three feet apart; drill the seed of sor ghumis rather thinly and cover lightly with a board. For fodder corn proceed in like manner, but p~ut in from two to two and a half bushels of seed per acre. As soon as the plants are up, and will bear it, side with scrape, set to rnn very flat; two or three plowings will suffice, and if the land was in proper condition at the time of planting, no hoeing will be called for. German millet may be sown broadcast if the land has been well prepared and is in fine tilth; a half bushel of seed per acre is sufficient. Suc cessive plantings of above crops every two or three weeks to the first of August will enable a farmer to feed his stock all through the summer on green forage more cheaply than on anything else, and with great benefit to their health. Cut and partly cure-say exposed to sun and air for one day-before feeding; this will reduce the water in them and render thm less laxative. Any disposition to scour may be prevented by a mixed ration of dry and green forage; perhaps this is preferable from every point of view. Cheap stock :eed is like cheap coal for an engine, it reduces the cost of production of everything raised on the farm; and we must bear in mind that money saved is eq1uivalent to money made. If one can reduce the cost of producing cotton a cent a pound, it is the same to him as if he sold for one cent more per pound. An abundance of cheap forage makes less grain necessary. When not at work, stock may be kept with lit tle or no grain if fed full rations of good forage. If you have prep~ared for a large crop of cotton, cut it down and plant a portion of the cotton land in these forage crops, they will pay you better than cotton. Clover and orchard grass will be ready for the mower by the end of the month. Cut after the dew is off and cock up the sane evening all that is mowed before one o'clock. After hay is well wilted it Ishould never take the dew. The above applies more especially to that cut with a mower. Spread out in a uniform lay er not in swaths, like that handeut, it dries very rapidly on a bright day. If hand-cut, and the swaths are very heavy, the cocking may be deferred to the after Inoon of the next day; but if this is done, it is better to turn the swaths over in the evenin ad let the nrisd bottom nor tions take the dew. Both grass and elover make a better quality of hay if nut rather early; the quantity. however, will be rather less. When a fourth of the heads turn brow is prolablV the best tinw to cut clover: when in full bloom the tile to cut grats. As soon s1 the i'lowi Clover begins a liew growth topdress it with a hundred imuds of plasteUr to the acre. Every one who raises hogs ought to plant largely of the St. Domingo tyl of sweet potatoes for fattening them in the fail. Considering quantity and quality. we know of no other food so easily and Aheaply raised for the purpose. If the potato and corn are dried at the temper ture of boiling water, three 1mshels of potitoes will contain as much dry matter is one of corn: not as ranch fat or :ibuminous matter in proportion as Irl, but more of the starch group than corn. Peas would make up the deticiency in the potato admirably: the two would tit well together and make an almost ier feet ration for fattening hogs. HaVe a potato and pea patch in the sane en 1losure, so that the hogs may eat of each it will, and you have the foundation for -heap pork. If the Spanish ground pea ucceeds as well generally as it seems to lave done in some localities, it might take the place of the cow pea, especially n lands containing lime. Clover for pring, Bermuda grass for sumnmer, peas. groundpcas and potatoes for fall and ,arly winter, make provision foir nearly the whole year. Let us strike for inde L)endence in this and every other depart ment of farming. Bear in mind that grain harvest will soon be at hand and arrange work ahead with reference to it. Get crops clean nd well worked now, so that they may bear a short neglect during harvest. Some enterprising man in every neingh borhood ought to be encouraged to buy i reaper and cut all the grain just as parties now do the threshing. Tn other words, a traveling reaper ought to be a regular institution. Farmers can ill spare the time from their crops to harvest grain, and cradlers are getting more cx icting and exorbitant in their demands. he practice is becoming quite general to cut oats when the grain is in the "dough," and cure it like hay. Cut, and illowed to take the sun a day without being tied ill) in bundles, it becomes uficiently cured to be tied up and shocked in the usual nuinner. Or it may be cured like hay and stored away in bulk in stacks or barns. ft makes an excellent feed. Fall oats were quite generally killed Lb the severe weather in January, but here the land has not been plowed since, an occasional stalk of oats may be found which has survived the cold. It would be well to take care of these and gather them carefully when ripe. Their survival indicates a hardiness of consti tution which will stand extreme cold, and a very desirable strain of winter oats might be propagated from then. The matter is worthy of trial. With us the mercury fell to zero; the red rust-proof oats was entirely killed, with the very limited exceptions noted above: the win-. er grazing oats was also very badly killed, possibly a tenth escaping. Tf a variety of oats that can stand the cold of zero is not to be had, what grain can be substituted for fall oats? Rye will stand any degree of cold; can it h~e utilized as stock feed when mature and ripe? Would it be practicable to thresh and grind the grain, and chaff the strawv forage? Or could barley be utilized in place of oats? We think the latter is used largely as stock feed in California- how is it man aged? Can any one tell us? TrHEi '.01THERA BA PTI5T.. conenion--Putingi~i th IDeIaletion IPJ a The Southern Baptist Convention will meet in Louisville. Ky., on May 8~ next. The Rev. Dr. Cooper. of Richmond, Va., was selected to deliver the Conven tion sermon. Sonme time was devoted to the Cuban mission. 'The question was whether the foreign or home board should take charge of it and prosecute the work. Able speeches were made for both boards, but it was decided by a large majority to give it to the home board. An amendment to the constitu tion was adopted so as to require dele gates to be appointed by the 1st of MIay of each year, and the representation to be one delegate for every one hundred dollars p)aid into the treasury by the 1st of MIay of each year. A report on temperance, pledging members to work for the suppression of the whiskey traffic, was adopted. The Convention adjourned sine die on the 11th inst. Telephonue Men Dlrownied. E. Y. Hinkle, of Baltimore, General Superintendent of the Washington Tele phone Company. and William C. R. Stumps, M1anager of the lines in Winhester, Va., nearly lost their lives on last Thursday night while crossing Opequan Creek coming fronm Berryville. Hinkle cut the horse from the wagon and with Stumps, who has only one hand, clung to the animal and were brought safely to the bank. Hen-y 3ayhew, repairer of the lines, remained in thet wagon andl was drowned. -A silver tobacco box which John Alden carried in his pocket when, in the courtship of 3Miles Standish, he present ed to Priscilla 3Mullins the Captain's proposal of marriage, is now the proper ty of MIrs. 31. MIc~adden, of Allegheny City, Pa., a descendant of John Alden, belonging to the ninth generation in the regular descent. Her little silver tobac co box is a curiosity to visitors. It is supposed to be nearly three hundred 4d E%,E1 . ATrLE. \n E- oa i enerore the G:u-rnarIy Bre-eder' - t-ociation. Among the various breeds to, whielh po)iilart atteniioni has lit-e called in re eeit years, there is iolle desennrg a higher place in publie t-stimatioi than the Giuernsev. whether for dairy pur poses or the later garnieret profit as a beef animal; and yet. perhaps, notwith standing such strong chims upon the farmers and breeders' attenition, no0 breed is so little generally known. Not only are there very niy who hate never seen a Guernsey, bit there are a vast number more who have never seen the milk or butter. and a still greater number who have never eaten Guernsev beef. - Those who have not, have yet to see the deepest colored milk and eream, the most golden colored butter, reqIur ing no aid from coloring matter either in summer or w\inter, and to taste the most highly-flavored beef in existence, having a peculiar flavor of its own. This breed may be said to be tlw hap py medium between the diminutive Jer sey and the huge Friesian, and com prising tie merits of both breeds. It is thus par-excellence the farmer's breed. especially for the butter-making farmer. Docile to an extreme, bearing neglect of care well, it yet repays careful attention and good feeding with as much interest as can be expected of any bovine race. COLOR OF THE BnEED. Ev-n to the fastidious, whom nothing but a solid color will pk-aise, its rich golden-hued skin will prove attractive and recommend its pleasantly combined hues of yellow or lemon-fawn and white; for in no other breed will there be found such an exudation of butyraceous mate rial filling the pores and the hair with unctious matter, producing that soften ing effect so dear to the hand of the ex pert and to the breeder of butter, at least, as a general rule in this breed, it being the exception in other breeds. While to the practical man, who knows that color of the hair has not the slight est influence upon the yield or constitu tion, the cLarmiing, softening effects of the blending pi the golden fawns and white are sources of perpetual delight. ORTII OF THE BREED. As this is as old a breed as any other, has been kept purely bred as log, and was imported into this country as early as the Jerse. there must be a reason for its 1eing comparatively so little known and extended. The earliest settlers in the sea-board districts were Dutch, Swedish and English. They naturally brought with them the cows from their homes, and thus, with the intermingling of thLir eattle. there sprung up what is now termed "Native Race." As it was found desirable to improve upon these with pui-bred stock, the Devons, the Shorthorns, the Jerseys and the Guern seys were imported. The latter two in the first quarter of this centdry. They at once attracted great at.ntion for their richness of yield. Each breed was im ported indiscriminately from either island under the generat name of Alder ney. As they became fashionable in England. and as each island restricted importation. the true distinction finally culninated in the formation oft clubs for each breed. The -Jerseys, from their great beauty, as well as merit, have t. en the lead. Their praise has been herald ed in every manner. and being mlore finely backed tup by records of great per formance. the breed has a permanent hold in this country, and as merit is guiding selection now-, its claims to value will increase. Thus, also, it is with thle Guernsey. The earliest importations made by Colt, Biddle, King andi others. have been imintained by niWny oIthers. But for many years past those who were developing the Guernseys in this coun try, were too busy enlarging their herds, and having none to spare, did hut little to call attention to thenm. But as a knowledge of their merits spread, deal ers have steadily been increasing their imortations. anld breeders have gone over and made selections, until now there is 1beginning to be a supply for the rapid ly increasing demand. As the island has a history of over two thiousand years. as the eattle have strongly marked peculiar characteristics, maintained by a rigid exclusion from the island of any other breeds, it seems not worthi our while to enter into the dis puted question of the origin of this breed of cattle, but to content ourselves with their excellence as we find themi at this day. We may, in passing, state our belief that they- are of Norman origin. though there is some testimony which might lead us to suppose they nmighit have originally been brought there by the Danes, or at least that somc anunals were imported 1by tho D~anes and mixed with those found on the island. As Normandy and Brittany are the nearest coast lands of France with which there is constant communication, and as the presenlt Norman breeds, the Contentine and the like, arc very- similar, alnost equally noted for their rich dairy (quali ties, and yieling nio st sup~erior butter. that known as coming from Isigny and Baynt and bringing the highest price in' the nmarket-I say these points should have great weight in ascribing the main origin of the Guernsey breed to Nor mandy. Be that as it may, the most unrejudiced minds, after becoming ae quainted with all the meiits of Guern se, must admit that they have no su perors in their peculiar traits. TRAITs OF TIHE BREED. These may. be summed up in few words. The Guernsey gives a larger quantity of milk than any of the breeds which give rid h milk; she maintains thle quantity for ac longer time, more eon tinuously; it is the deepest, the richest in color of all rmilks; it is usurpassed in -yi of butte i les hn five quarts having made a pound of butter, even with the few tests that have been made; the butter is the highest and deepest tone of all self-colored butters; the but ter will go farther; it has a peculiar rich flavor and aroma: the beef is remarkably juicy and well interlaid with fat of the deepest color, tender. and of the highest flavor. and tle cara-'s dresses well and profitably. Considering that there are but 1L,00 hiead of cattle on the island, and that there muiust be more or less close interbreeding, the Guernsey cow is a very sure and regular breeder, and re produces herself and her fixed types ith exactitude: her docility and gentle ness, most important traits in a dairy breed, are remarkable, and the males are o'f an amiable and gentle disposition, seldom becoming oross ,r desiring to real il. Ti size. avoiding tile diminutiveness on the cle hand and the gross size on the other, the Guernsey is of the size asiest maintained for good returns; and when killed for beef, cuts to profit; as xen. while not quick-stepping, they are patient and assiduous. The color is peculiar, mainly running in shades of orange and lemon fawn, either in solid masses or prettily broken with masses of white. Formerly black and brindle were more common than at the present time. The skin is usually of so rich a golden color as to be unrivaled aind extraordinary. Its unctiousness mellows the skin and softens the hair and exudes iu a yellow butyraceous se eretion. The golden rim around the eves, the collections in the ears, and the dandruff at the end of the tail, all pro claim the wonderful richness of the ani mal. POTENCY OF THE BREED. The long continued similar course of breeding which the Guernsey has under gone gives it that power -which we term potency; the ability to produce like, to repeat itself, whether upon members of its own breed or upon those of other breeds. It is this quality which renders the Guernsey bulls so valuable to stamp their get with the peculiar richness of the breed; this is so lasting that it takes generations to breed it out. We know of an instance where a bull was intro duced twenty years ago, and the butter, as marketed from his descendants, shows the rich color and the good flavor to this day. The continuity of her yield is one of the most valuable traits of the cow, for by this pertinacity up to her cahing even, the mod rate milker in this length of time catchf up aiid yiel-;s in quantity more than the cow that milks well for three or four months, or that goes dry for two or three months, gradually fail ing up to the time of stopping. This is especially valuable to the owner of but one cow, and where he owns two cows and insists upon their taking a natural and needed rest of six weeks or two months, he can arrange it so as always to have his milk and butter. Like the hare and tortoise, it is the steady milker that beats in the long run. GENERAL PURPOSE MERITs. The Guernseys are hardy and tough, and therefore fitted for any section of this country. and we know of no breed so fitted for the raiidlvinereasing dairies of the West, the far W~est and the Northwest. On their own island they are exposed more or less every day in the ear, in the day time in the ho~t suns and at nighit to the heavy dews and to the atmoshere heavy with cold and damp ness, provocative of rheumatism in the inhabitr uts. lTe farmer and the dairy man want a cow cof good size they can trn for heef, that while alive will pay well in milk and butter. This seems to be a sine qua non with farmers of the East as wel as of the West. If these cat tie on a small island ure exposed to the bleaching sun and to such withering blasts that I have seen whole hedges, trees and shrubs blackened by them as by a devastating fire, can stand such c~ages. they- are well fitted to the heardl life n maenv of our unsheltered farms. hihIed Hecr IBetrayer. Robert Wright was shot and killed at Elizabeth, Col., on last Wednesday, by a woman from D~enver, whom he had be traed, andi who came on a morning train from that city, accompanied by her brother. After her arrival she went to Wrighit's place of business and asked him to marry her. Upon his refusing she fired three shots at him from a Colt's forty-five calibre revolver, two of them taking effect. one in his head and the other in his chest, and he dropped dead. The woman claims to be the mother of a five-weeks-old illegitimate child, of which Wright wa-s the father. He had often promised to marry her, but always failed to keel) his word. She made up her mind to kill him if he again refused to keel) his promise. After the shooting the woman and her brother en tered a carriage and drove to Kiowa. where the former gave herself up to the onicers. b ut refused to give her name. -(ieorgia niewspapers are lamientin g because the Giovernor of their State gets $3,(J00 a year, while his necessary ex pnes are reckoned at $6,000. The Vermont Executive gets but $1,009. But, then. the Vermont chief magistrate has no great wear and tear in office, ecx cept to face the 1,000 men, each of whomi claims to have elected hinm and prpssto direct all his movements. -A number of girls in New York, who understand stenography and Spanish. are getting good salaries from merchaut-s and others having trade with Mexico. This indidate-s that trade with that country is growing, and that it is equitC worth the while of women who wvork toc diversify their stock of information. Spfanish is a language very easily learned, three months being ample time to acquire enough of it for the purpo se-s of correC spndnce. GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE. Him Acceptance or the Command of the Conred erate Army of Virginia. (From the Chicago Tribune., "Did I ever tell you," said ex-Senator Pomeroy, of Kansas, to me the other day, that I was present when the com mand of the Confederate army was offer ed to Genera] Lee?>" "No." "Well, T was; I stood within six feet of him. Nobody in the party knew me as I had just arrived in Washington from Kansas, and was almost an entire stranger here. Kansas was admitted, you re member, during the last days of Buchan an's administration, and Lane and I were elected to the Senate. We came to Washington with a lot of Kansas fellows to see what the secessionists were doing, and were on the cars when we heard that Fort Sumter had been fired upon. "But I am going to tell you about Lee. I was keeping a diary then, as I have ever since, and do now. Only the other day I was reading it over, and it recalled to me that about the 16th or 17th of April, 1861, a committee of twelve men came up from the secession convention, then meeting at Richmond, and stopped at the hotel where I was. I used to circulate around among them, trying to find out what they were up to, and discovered that they had come to see General, who was over at Arlington. One afternoon about 4 o'clock they start ed off in carriages, and a friend of mine and I got in a buggy and followed them. We joined the procession before it got to Arlington, and acted just as if we were a part of their crowd. When we reached the old mansion General Lee, who was evidently not expecting any callers, came out in his dressing-gown and slippers, and I tell you he was as noble a looking a man as ever I saw. He had been sent for by General Scott, and came from California, you remember, to usehisinflu ence to prevent Virginia from going out of the Union, and while he had not made any public declaration, people gen erally understood that he was opposed to secession, so we watched what was going on with a great deal of interest. "The chairman presented the dele gates to the General one by one, and when they had been introduced he be gan a speech which I wrote down as nearly as I could remember it in my diary that night. It was very nearly in these words: 'Gcneral Lee, we are au thorized by the convention now in ses sion at Richmond to convey to you an expression of the confidence and esteem, as one of the most esteemed citizens of Virginia, and to tender you the com mand of the troops that have been raised to protect the old State from the p(ril which now confronts her. We are en couraged by the belief that you, as a son of Virginia, will respond to her caill and direct the military forces so as to prevent the military in-asion of her sacred soil. We know that large bodies of troops are being organized in the north for coercion of our people, and they will be resisted by every patriotic citizen of the Commonwealth. The con vention at Richmond is awaiting anxious ly for our return with your answer, as your acceptance will give strength and encouragement to the people.' "To this Lee respondled briefly and directly. He stood a mioment with a determined expression upon his face, as if the mind was fully made up, but he was not certain ho~w to e'xpress himself. Mv friend and1( L fromt what we had heard, expected that lhe woul decline and tell the committee to go home and abandon the seceslon programme. lie started out all right in his reply. 'Gen ilemen,- said he, 'I am opp1osed to war, althoughl bred to the protfe!ssion of arus. I am especially opposedl tto civil war, to strife between brothers. I regret that one section of this country is arrayed against the other. "U1) to that," continued Mr. Pomueroy, '1 thought he was goimg to decline, btt his next wordls scaredl me: 'I heard the voice of Virginia,' he said, 'of the meth er that bore me, whose soil is as sacred as the ashes of my father buried there.' 'He's gone,' I said to my friend, 'he's made up his mind,' and his next words were: 'I cannot resist the call of the sovereign State to which I owe my first allegiance; but remember, gentlemen, I shall draw my sw'rd in her defense, and with the prayer that we, in defending our rights. may not be compelled to shed the blood of our b~rethren.' "He then said that he would go to Richmond at once and report in person to the government. --The next morning everyb~ody knew that Lee had gone to .Richmond, and within twenty-four hours the newspapers contained his order upon assuming com mand of the Virginia troops." \r-tE!hciat Teeth a Prehiktoric Product. D~r. Van 3Marter, of Rome, has pub ished atn interesting account of the cvi deuces discovered by luim of prehistoiec dentistry in Italy. Ini the museunm of Cornelo ITrquinlius, a city on the 31edi teraneatn coast, he found two specimens of ,nienit dentistry, which the 3Mayor' of tht Lcity ctities were found upon01 the frt opening of the bturied Etruscan tom'abs, andt Profe'ser Hleilbig gives as sranlce that these were virgin tombs, dating back four or five centuries before the Christian era. In one of the sliei meuis the two supleiotr central incit-ors are bound by a 'banad of very soft gold to teeth onl either side; the artificial teeth are well earved,. evidently from the teith of some0 large atuiiid. One other ara iti ial to oth was held by the same bad, ut it is km D)r. Van MIarterhbasin his own pmossessiton a skull in which the iirst uppt~er imolar on the right side is missizag. and which shows plain marks of an alveolar abscess. proving conclusi' ely tothache awong the Etruscans. THE RICHNIOND CONFERENCE. Matterm of Interent to the Methodist Church Cqnsidered and Decded. In the Methodist Episcopal General Conference last week the Manual of Discipline by Bishop McTyeire again came up under a motion that the Col lege of Bishops be requested to publish their decisions. After considerable dis cussion the matter went over without action. It was manifest that the greater part of the delegates are unwilling that the Manual shall serve as a final arbiter. A large number of amendments have been offered, looking to a change of Discipline, but so far little disposition is manifested to make changes. Dr. Ed wards. of Virginia, introduced a resolu tion proposing a chnge in the order of divine service on the Sabbath day. An animated debate followed. Drs. McFer rin, Kelley, Young and others spoke earnestly against the resolutions, which was finally rejected. The committee on episcopacy reported in relation to episcopal residences that in their opinion there should be a Bishop from each of tb great sections of the country. The Rev. Dr. John Miley, fraternal messenger from the Northern Methodist Church, was introduced to the Confer ence. Governor Foraker, the other fraternal messenger from the Northern Church, did not come. A large congregation attended Cen tenary Church to hear addresses by the fraternal delegates-the Rev. Mr. Briggs, of the Methodist Church of Canada, and the Rev. Dr. Miley, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The addresses were all admirable, and were most attentively heard. The report of the committee on foreign missions, to which was referred the reso lution in reference to the appointment of a superintendent of foreign missions, recommended non-concurrence. Adopt ed. The committee on church extension recommended that the request for the establishment of a woman's department of church extension, for the purpose of securing parsonages for the church, be granted. Mr. Peterson, of Virginia, from the committee on Bibles, submitted a half dozen reports in relation to changes in Discipline. He also submitted the re port of his committee in regard to the memorial of the Missouri Conference asking that the word "South" be elimi nated from the name of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and report upon the resolution providing that church members signing petitions fcr the sale of intoxicating liquor may be dealt with as the case may require. To this resolution the committee recommend non-concurrence. The session of Thursday was consum ed in disussing different features of the Manual of Discipline. It was resolved to elect c'nr niew bishops on the 18th instant. iENSATIONS OF HANGING, A New Mexico Man' Experience at the Hands of a Mob. Theodore Baker, a New Mexico man who was recently hanged by a mob, but was rescued and cut down before life was extinct, gives this account of his ex perience to a newspaper correspondent: "A little further on we came to a telegraph pole. From the crossbar swung a new rope. On one end was a big slip noose. They led me under the rope. I tried to stoop. down and pull my boots off, as I had promised my folks I would not die with my boots on, but before I could do it the noose was thrown over my head and I was jerked off my feet. My senses left me a mo ment, and then I waked up in what seemed to be another world. As I recol lect now, the sensation was that every thing about me had multiplied a great many times. It seemed that my five executioners had grown in number until there were thousands of them. I saw what seemed to be a multitude of anima of all shapes and sizes. Then things changed and I was in great pain. I be came conscious that I was hanging by the neck, and that the knot of the rope had slipped around under my chin. My hands were loosely tied, and I jerked thema loose and tried to catch the rope above me. Somebody caught me by the feet just then and gave me a jerk. It seemed like a bright flash of lightning passed in front of my eyes. It was fol lowed by a terrible pain up and down and across my back, and I could feel my legs jerk and damw up. Then there was a blank, and I knew nothing more until 11 o'clock next day. I"My first recollection was being in the court room, and saying: 'Who cut me down? There was a terrible ringing in my ears, like the beating of gongs. I recognized no one. The pain in my back continued. Moments of uncon sciousness followed during several days, and I have very little recollection of the journey here. Even after I had been locked up in thiL prison for safe keeping for a long time I saw double. Dr. Syma ington, the prison physician, looked like two persons. I was still troubled with spells of total forgetfulness. Sometimes it seemed I didn't know who I was." -ASpnsh vessel laden with molas seswen aso~eon the Florida coast some days ago, and all but one of the crew escaped. thanks to the assistance of the residents of thatt neighborhood. Wheu the wreck bro'ke up and casks of mtok began tocome ashore, the captini anid the-nw stood byV with awst and b r.k :. :a a fa.-t as they came within reach. reinsing even the empty casks to the mlenl who so recently helped to save their lives.