Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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That England proposes to con- j tinue to be "Mistress of the Seas" j as far as lies within her power is rot evidenced by the progressiv, strides being made by her navy, but in the schools for the training of boys to bf/come of3cers in her merchant marine. "Though masts and sails have left us" recently wrote Admiral Fremantle in the London Times, "a knowledge of the 'secrets of the sea' Is quite as necessary to a modern sailor as it was to our ancestors onel iiundred years ago." * ? It is true?lamentably true?that to a great extent masts and sails, as the old sailors knew them, have passed into oblivion, giving place, in an ever increasing degree, to the steamship, yet so long as the canvas ?driven eraft haB not wholly disap peared there will be admirable train-j ing craft for the young man who nopes to eventually tread the bridge of mail and passengers liners or eren great cargo carriers. Despite the vast development of the steam craft and the driving of the sailing vessel from the sea it is an incontrovertable fact that only upon a craft of the latter type can the art of a sailor be thoroughly learned. Tbe youth who .sains his experience solely upon a steamer may learn much of value, as things go now-a-days, but he acquires his knowledge dearly inasmuch as he ?an never hope to gain that spirit of resourcefulness and ooolheaded ness in time of emergencies, which Is bred in the lad who gains his training upon the decks of a square rigger. This early training in sailing is desirable?Indeed necessary?and not only have all the navies of the world sailing craft for their cadsts, but the leading steamship lines in variably give preference to an offi cer who has served a portion of his | time upon a sailing ship. The^ com panies know well that lad who has been for some three or four years In daily contact with the work of a - shin aloft. *ettire and toMne in ??11 W<< ^ I ^?SW "*~~ ;; ~~~~ r and always keeping an eye on the weather has strengthened his nerves, Increased his resourcefulness and enlarged his powers of observation. In a word that officer is a sailor man ready to act promptly when the occasion demands. It is at sea of all places that emergencies arise and must be handled promptly. Every now and then a steamer is saved by a skipper who served his ap prenticeship as a sailor. Not long ago a bi? pole masted tramp steam er enroute from South Africa to a West Australian port lost h?r propelle while in midocean. It is not difficult to think what the fate of that .craft would havo been had it not been that the skip P2r was equal to the situation and his early training stood him in good stead. He took all of his awnings, hatch covers and whatever canvas he could find and set his crew to work making sails. Then, with ear go t booms for yards, he rigged the masts and took his vessel to the nearest port some hundreds of mijes away. Another skipper, whose early training had .been similar, faced the problem of getting hi3 vessel home without a rudder, it having been carried away by striking an obstruc tion. His knowledge of rigging stood him in good stead for he was able to place a jury . rudder that served the purpose. That the sailing training ship is an excelent feature has been recog nized by every maritime nation. The United States has three such craft, they being maintained by the states of New York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, respectively, and to them the' Government has loaned vessels that have been equipped to meet the needs of the work they do. Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Bel gium and Japan each have, their nautical schools for the purpose of training youas men to become effi cient merchant sailors while other nations use sail-propelled craft for ?the training of their seamen. Of all nations, however, England rainin? takes the lead In having been the first to establish 6uch a school, the ship "Warspite" having been estab lished about 150 years ago. Since its. founding no less than 65,1 SS lads! have been prepared for sea. The av erage annual attendance is about 350. The "Warspite" does not cruise, but is anchored permanently near Greenhlthe. She is, however, as thoroughly equipped aloft as though she were sailing, having a full com plement of rigging and sails so that the youngsters can get ample train ing in work aloft. There are two other training ships that do not cruise?the "Wor- I cestor" and the "Conway"?and yet the graduates attain a high degree of efficiency. The Worcester was I formerly the warship "Frederick I William" and she is of 4,725 tons. She has four decks and is rigged as a three-masted ship. She has accom- j modations for 3 00 cadets and usual-j ly has a full complement, Admiral | To.ro, of the Japanese navy, obtain- j ed his early sea training on the, j "Worcester." The "Conway" was. also a battle- ( ship. She annually cares Ifor about 200 lads between thi; ages of 12 and 15 years, giving them their first taste of sea life/ Like tne "Worces ter" the "Conway" has a perament| berth, being anchored at Rock Fer-j ry near Liverpool. From the "Worcester" and the( "Conway" six appointments to the Royal Navy are made each year and j each year the Kins presents a med ailors Dec/c Ih 7T<37mnoc7c<s<S7cint} al to each school while Prize Days are held uiiacr the presidency of a number of ihe ro> family, the Lord of the Admiralty or some prominent figure in the marine world. Although the training schools are m.'.in stationary they givs to the cadets much the same advantages t.iat would be obtained on a cruis ing vessel as far as handling sails is concerned, although the boys are spared handling canvas in a gale as they would have to do if at sea. On the other hand the boys are trained in small boat work, are taught to swim and at the same time pursue studies that they could not if they were afloat. The Board of Trade recognizes the difference^ between the two methods of training?the anchor age and cruising?and, it has ruled that it shall require two years of service on the stationary ships to equal one year at sea.. Although these training ships re fostered by the Government the boys who would enter have to pay, just as they have to pay In the ships of New York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania in this country. Thevi have to be between the ages of LJ and 15 l'-2 years and be of good character. With this foundation the lad be gins to learn seamanship and to ab-, sorb the qualities of being 'of cheer-' ful submission to superiors, self re specting and independent in charac-j ter, kind and protective to the weak, be in readiness to foglve an offense r/7?>r>/77 have a desire to concllliate the differences of others, and, above all, show a fearless devotion to duty and unflinching truthfulness" these be ing the qualifications that will bring to tho youngster the gold medal giv en annually by the King. The daily routine on the "Wor cester" is pretty much like that on all of the training ships except that each Saturday afternoon the lads arc ;civen shore leave, while there ar ? three weeks' vacation at Easter eight weeks In mid-summer and five weeks at Christmas. In additior there are two visiting days enr week when parents and friends^ of 'he cadets are welcome on board the ship. A British natial, training school the gives the lads the practical end of seamanship is the PortJ aackson. Since the school was established In 1890 about 400 cadets have been carried, many of them serving full terms of four years while others, graduates of the "Conway" and "Worcester" have served their three years, all completing their terms having been given Second Mate cer tificates. "Port Jackson" Is an Australian packet, making regular runs from London to Sydney, and she is a ves sel notable for her speed, having on one occasion made 345 miles in 24 hous. From the time the ship leaveB London until she returns about nine months have elapsed and she has covered a distance of about 3 0,000 miles, including the rounding of Cape Horn, the latter in Itself being considered a most important teature in maritime life. From the moment the "Port Jackson" is under way strict ship rcu.inc Is observed and the cadets do their share toward manning the vessel. They take their regular watches, but a portion of each day is set aside for the study of naviga tion. As the lads advance in skill they are given charge of the ship and the last class virtually bring the ship home, each lad having charge for a week or more at a time. The British Government and the British ship owners are keenly In terested in the training ships and their young men and the graduates have little difficulty in obtaining berths when they have secured their papers from the Board of Trade. Indeed there are many prizes of fered for competency to the cadets of the schools and these trophies range from the gold medal of the King to gold watches, binoculars, valuable text books and even mon ey, all of which is done to encourae the youngsters and to show to them that what is worth learning is worth learning well. What is education? Emerson says that the greatest teacher is not the teacher who supplies the pupil with the most facts, but the one in whose presence the pupil becomes a better person. The great secret of oduca lion lies In respecting the wants cf the pupil. It i6 not for us to say what another shall know or even do. That part of the game of life 1b choseu and foreordained and the pupil alone holds the key to his own needs Emerson begs us to respect the child He re Iterates his plea to respect and wait und see lb* new product of nature develop. We are not to be too much the pupil'b parent We are not to be too often In his solitude We are to, let bim alone Give the pupil an op-! portunity to exercise and express his avery faculty, and then?hands off! I London's Itaitan Colony. The Italians in London, England, are sufficient of themselves to form a large town. There are as many as 14,000, about 2,000 of whom are ice cream venders and 1,000 organ-grind ers. The other 11,000 are chiefly en gaged as plaster bust Eellers, artists' models, cooks, valets, teachers, artists, restaurant and hotel keepers, and so on. , _ Education. SURELY HAD KICK C0MIN3 Conductor's Words Must Havo Made Dark Clouds Settle Around Wojtd-Bc Passenger. He was In an outlying part of the Bronx He had an Important engage ment in tbe lower part of Manhattan, and already he was late. Finally a trolley car hove In sight and bora rapidly cown on him. He Biirr.aled It, but In his dismay the speed was not slackened There was a secoud of anxious thought? should he or should be not jump oa the car?tho speed was great, but so was the dlsiance between oars. And then came the back platform of the car, and be shot out Mi arm? claJchcO th'j hand rail?and the next instant he was standing on the plat form, feellrg' as though his arm had been yanked from its socket, but wear ing a self-s3tisfled smile The conductor, Inside the car. pulled the bell and the car stopped "Hey! Get off of here!" shouted the conductor. "This is a work carv"?* New York P-e&a Faith In Their Cause. If they are thrice armed who have their quarrel Just, then ladies* tailors must be the most righteous persons ???<? ever irvited a laweuit. for they hove confidence enough in their own cause to employ women lawyers. At a meeting of law school graduates whe have worked up a lucrative prac tice, four women declared that their first clients were tailors "A iadics" tailor who does good work p: fers a woman lawyer." said one. "Sho has a knowledge of clothes that no mere man can ever hope to ac quire, and if the gown fought over Is a half-way decent piece of workman ship she will be able to convince a Judge and Jury of Its merits every time. Tnen. there Is something to be gained in the advertising line, always provided, of course, that the tailor Is worthy of patronage. *'or the lawyer will give him an order for ber owa suit and recommend him to friends." Draws the Line at Files. We try to sympathize with our dumb animals In their afflictions,, but somehow it Is rather difficult for us to feel very'sorry for the common bouse hy who ventures too far into our paste pot.?Ohio Stnrp Journal. JKOUSEHOLD AWARDS. ?JEcial Premium List as Complied by tiu? Superintendent. Th# following list of awards was tande;: us by Mrs. D. C. Hayden, chairman of the Household Depart ment. It is ar near correct as she eculd make it, as a number of the articles were not classified under the proper number: Jar leaf lard?Mrs. J. William Stoke*, ilflir. T. R. MrCants. Domestic soap?Mrs. J. J. Fairey, Miss Mattie Barber. Butter?Mrs. Albert Bennett, Mrs. Henry Dantzler. Fruit cake?Mrs. Hamp Dukes. White fruit cake?Mrs. Hamp Dukes. Potfnd cake?Mrs. Hamp Duke3. Chocolate cake?Mrs. J. William Stokes, Mra. Emily Wannamaker. Silver cake?Mrs. J. William Stokes. Cotoanut cake, Mrs. G. E. Rhodes. Decorated cake?Mrs. Manly Ev ans, Mrs. Henry Dantzler. Cream cake?Mrs. Lee Earley, Mrs. Willie Barton. Ladie Baltimore?Mrs. Sam Dibble, airs. Willie Barton. Nut cake?Mrs. Hamp Dukes, Mrs. G. E. Hhodes. One quart domestic vinegar?Mrs. Julia Tyler/ Cut peaches?Mr. Margie Dantzler, Mrs. R. N. Owen. Whole peaches?Mrs. F. R. Simp son, i3trs. Willie Funches. Apple marmala;:?Mrs. T. E. An drea. Can pears?Mrs. J. William Stokes, Mrs._N. G. Evans. Blackberries?Mrs. J. R. Crouch, Mrs. A. D. Webster. Whortle berries?Mrs. F. R. Simp son, Mrs. Annie M. Darby. Whole canned tomatoes ?Mrs. J. T. Judy Mrs. C. E. Smith. Cooked tomatoes?Mrs. X. G. Ev ans, Mrs. Annie M. Darby. Corn and tomatoes?Mrs. Hugh Bolin. Beans?Mrs. L. W. Fairey, Mrs. Stephen Earley. ?Be:its?Mrs. J. T. Bell, Mrs. Steph en Earley. Muscadines?Mrs. X. G. Evans. Pumpkin chips?Mrs. J. R. Crouch, Mrs. Julia Tyicr. Fig preserves?Mrs. N. G. Evans, Mrs. R. P. Balwin. Apple preserves?Mrs. T. E. An drea, Mrs. D. J. Sal ley. Pear preserves?Mrs. J. W. Stokes, Mrs. Stephen Eaney. Peach preserves?Mrs. M. G. Sal ley, Mrs. W. F. Fairey. Watermellon preserves?Mrs. W. F. Fairey, Mrs. W. D. iMoorer. Pineapple?Mrs. N. 6. EvasB. Plum preserves?Mrs. A. D. Web ster. Branded peaches?Mrs. M. G. Sal ley, Mrs. H. E. Boliver. Apple Jelly?Mrs. W. D. Moorer, Mrs. R. P. Balwin. Lemon Jelly?Mrs. Julia Tyler. Blackberry jelly?Mrs. A. D. Web ster, Mrs. Julia Tyler. Grape jelly?Mrs. J. W: Smoak, Mrs. S. Dibble. Quince jelly?iMrs. D. J. Salley. Haw jelly?Mrs. J. W. Stokes. Pear jelly?Mr3. J. W. Stokes. Peach jelly?Mrs. Julia Tyier, Mrs. J. W. Smoak. Crab appl9?Mrs. J. W. Stokes, Mrs. Julia Tyler. i.VJuscadine jelly?Mrs. J. W. Smoak. Cherry jelly?Mrs. J. W. Stokes. Muscadine jam?Mrn. J. W. Smoa.1^. Haw jam?Mrs. Julia Tyler. Sweet peach pickle?Mrs. Porter, Mrs. Willie Funches. Watermellcu rind pickle?Mrs. Julia Tyler. Pear sweet pickle?'Mrs. James P. Doyk;, Mrs. X. G. Evans. Pear sweet pickle, by girl under fourteen?Miss Mary Moss. Cucumber sweet pickle?Mrs. M. C. Edwins. Mrs. Sanders Griffith. Artichoke?Mrs. V. . D. Moorer, Mrs.. Hamp Dukcs. Onions?Mrs. Phili.) Rich. Sour cucumber pickle?Miss Fan nie Fairey, Mrs. J. W. Riley. Cut pepper?Mrs. 7illa Berry. Stuffed Pepper?Mrs. L. D. Earley. Miss Daisy Utsey. Sweet penper?"Mrs. Sanders Grif fith. Tomato pickle?Mrs. W. M. Tay lor, Mrs. Stephen Earley. Mixed pickles?Mrs. W. G. Alber gotti. Mrs. J. D. S. Fairey. Chow chow?Mrs. Philip Rich, Mrs. W. F. Fairey. , Chow chow, girl under 14 years? Miss iMary Moss. j Tomato catsup?Mrs. Julia Tyler, J Mrs. M. C. Edwins. Tomato catsup, by girl under 14 years?Miss Mary Lou Crook. Red pepper catsup-?Mrs. S. Dibble. Chilli sauce?Mrs. Julia Tyier. Cane syrup?Mrs. W. D. Moorer. Honey?Mrs. M. C. Edwins. Lenoir grape wine?Mrs. Sanders Griffith. Scuppernong wine?Mrs Sanders' Griffith. Mrs. Julia Tyler. Apple wine?Miss .Yiattie Barber. Blackberry?Mrs. Sanders Griffith, Mrs. Hugh Roland. j Crape wine by girl 14 years?Miss j Ida Edwins. Blackberry acid?Mrs. J. W. Stokes. Wild cherry?Mrs. !'<anders Griffith. One dozes eggs?Hr. D. 0. Her bert, Mr. Andrew Gramlisg. SHOULD HOLD COTTON. President C. S. Barrett Gives Out Statement. "Soe the enclosed clipping. I am right in behind you with this work. More than '3,000 papers carry these communications" was the statement contained in a letter received at the State department of Agriculture by E. J. Watson, the commissioner, says The State. The following statement accompanied the letter: "President Chas. S. Barrett of the National Farmer's union, in an ad dress to union members says hold cotton. He urges farmers to farm as if cotton were not in existence. He says at this critical stage of the cot ton situation, with tha Farmers' un ion and scores of business leaders and general southern factors bat tling to stem the tide of unfair prices, the first duly of the farmer is to hold his cotton. Those who sell at present prices are simply giving away a margin of several million dol lars to spinners and speculators. Quotations after the first of the year will establish the truth of that asser tion. The most dif'icult part of the campaign is now upon us. To waver is to lose the effect of the splendid work alrea.lv accomplished. "In South Carolina under the lead ership of E. J. Watson, president of the Southern Cotton eongri-ss, they are instituting a system of pledges which binds the plant-r to hold his present cotton for 13 cents; and fur-' ther, not to sow more than 60 per; cent of the arable acreage in cotton for the coining season. The plan is an excellent one. Statistics and our own common sense tell us that the crop now in hand is worth more than is being offered for it. But if civili zation needs the sharp lesson of a short crop to emphasize the wisdom of fair dealing with the farmer, then so he it. "The .-outh is in a better position to be absolutely independent than any other sectiou of the country, .lust assume, for the sake of illustration, that soil conditions were such that we could not produce cotton. We' would then proceed to realize upoii the South's heaven-sent heritage by producing the great staple crops rais ei in every section of Amereia. the crops they rely upon to sustain life, to bring in revenue, to promote pros perity. "Think what Southern soil can yield: Corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, tur nips, peas, vetch, burr clover, alfalfa, ribbon, canr, sorghum, watermelons, all kinds of vegetables, cows, hogs, sheep, seats mules, poultry und poul A Stiring Scene in Geo. Barr McCutpheon's fascinating romance Beverly o Graustark, at the Academy of Music, Thanksgining Eve, Wed., Nov. 29. Cut out and mail today. Someone is ?*?^^,;m*;><>'<k>^ Going to Win the Date. 1911. THE TIMES AND DEMOCRAT, ORANGEBURG, S. C, Contest Editor: Please enroll me as a contestant in The Times and Democrat's Grand Voting Contest Little Effort. why not let that someont ije you? 'om. Township. Also send me envelopes, oider blanks, receipt books, etc, so that I may begin work prompt!}'. Name _ I P.O-I try products, dairy j/roducis and all manner of fruits. "We could simply wipe eolton out of consideration, ttill niake a living and bring in enormous sums from the world at lar^e for Southern crops. "In the face of these tremendous assets, it is nothing less than crimi nal folly to concentrate on cotton. Cut down on it ruthlessly! Make it strictly a surplus crop. Produce any or all of the other crops I have enumerated. Then the periennial cotton problem will cease to be one, bered by the large ore n.s now in sanely t=eal outside ot che section for staples that should be raised here." Fhtlng Prices of Diamonds. The prices of polished diamonds are the cotton we do raise will bring a control!ed by pric0s of tne ^ug|l . ^ ^ y,^ stones and are really made In London. 1 a Must Have ?inca Well. The electric ventilating ran on the well of the restaurant was whizzing round. A gentleman who bad dined extremely well sat looking at ft for I some time. "Walter," be complained. fair price, and it will not be incum