That England proposes to con- j tinue to be "Mistress of the Seas" j as far as lies within her power is rot evidenced by the progressiv, strides being made by her navy, but in the schools for the training of boys to bf/come of3cers in her merchant marine. "Though masts and sails have left us" recently wrote Admiral Fremantle in the London Times, "a knowledge of the 'secrets of the sea' Is quite as necessary to a modern sailor as it was to our ancestors onel iiundred years ago." * ? It is true?lamentably true?that to a great extent masts and sails, as the old sailors knew them, have passed into oblivion, giving place, in an ever increasing degree, to the steamship, yet so long as the canvas ?driven eraft haB not wholly disap peared there will be admirable train-j ing craft for the young man who nopes to eventually tread the bridge of mail and passengers liners or eren great cargo carriers. Despite the vast development of the steam craft and the driving of the sailing vessel from the sea it is an incontrovertable fact that only upon a craft of the latter type can the art of a sailor be thoroughly learned. Tbe youth who .sains his experience solely upon a steamer may learn much of value, as things go now-a-days, but he acquires his knowledge dearly inasmuch as he ?an never hope to gain that spirit of resourcefulness and ooolheaded ness in time of emergencies, which Is bred in the lad who gains his training upon the decks of a square rigger. This early training in sailing is desirable?Indeed necessary?and not only have all the navies of the world sailing craft for their cadsts, but the leading steamship lines in variably give preference to an offi cer who has served a portion of his | time upon a sailing ship. The^ com panies know well that lad who has been for some three or four years In daily contact with the work of a - shin aloft. *ettire and toMne in ??11 W<< ^ I ^?SW "*~~ ;; ~~~~ r and always keeping an eye on the weather has strengthened his nerves, Increased his resourcefulness and enlarged his powers of observation. In a word that officer is a sailor man ready to act promptly when the occasion demands. It is at sea of all places that emergencies arise and must be handled promptly. Every now and then a steamer is saved by a skipper who served his ap prenticeship as a sailor. Not long ago a bi? pole masted tramp steam er enroute from South Africa to a West Australian port lost h?r propelle while in midocean. It is not difficult to think what the fate of that .craft would havo been had it not been that the skip P2r was equal to the situation and his early training stood him in good stead. He took all of his awnings, hatch covers and whatever canvas he could find and set his crew to work making sails. Then, with ear go t booms for yards, he rigged the masts and took his vessel to the nearest port some hundreds of mijes away. Another skipper, whose early training had .been similar, faced the problem of getting hi3 vessel home without a rudder, it having been carried away by striking an obstruc tion. His knowledge of rigging stood him in good stead for he was able to place a jury . rudder that served the purpose. That the sailing training ship is an excelent feature has been recog nized by every maritime nation. The United States has three such craft, they being maintained by the states of New York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, respectively, and to them the' Government has loaned vessels that have been equipped to meet the needs of the work they do. Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Bel gium and Japan each have, their nautical schools for the purpose of training youas men to become effi cient merchant sailors while other nations use sail-propelled craft for ?the training of their seamen. Of all nations, however, England rainin? takes the lead In having been the first to establish 6uch a school, the ship "Warspite" having been estab lished about 150 years ago. Since its. founding no less than 65,1 SS lads! have been prepared for sea. The av erage annual attendance is about 350. The "Warspite" does not cruise, but is anchored permanently near Greenhlthe. She is, however, as thoroughly equipped aloft as though she were sailing, having a full com plement of rigging and sails so that the youngsters can get ample train ing in work aloft. There are two other training ships that do not cruise?the "Wor- I cestor" and the "Conway"?and yet the graduates attain a high degree of efficiency. The Worcester was I formerly the warship "Frederick I William" and she is of 4,725 tons. She has four decks and is rigged as a three-masted ship. She has accom- j modations for 3 00 cadets and usual-j ly has a full complement, Admiral | To.ro, of the Japanese navy, obtain- j ed his early sea training on the, j "Worcester." The "Conway" was. also a battle- ( ship. She annually cares Ifor about 200 lads between thi; ages of 12 and 15 years, giving them their first taste of sea life/ Like tne "Worces ter" the "Conway" has a perament| berth, being anchored at Rock Fer-j ry near Liverpool. From the "Worcester" and the( "Conway" six appointments to the Royal Navy are made each year and j each year the Kins presents a med ailors Dec/c Ih 7T<37mnoc7c family, the Lord of the Admiralty or some prominent figure in the marine world. Although the training schools are m.'.in stationary they givs to the cadets much the same advantages t.iat would be obtained on a cruis ing vessel as far as handling sails is concerned, although the boys are spared handling canvas in a gale as they would have to do if at sea. On the other hand the boys are trained in small boat work, are taught to swim and at the same time pursue studies that they could not if they were afloat. The Board of Trade recognizes the difference^ between the two methods of training?the anchor age and cruising?and, it has ruled that it shall require two years of service on the stationary ships to equal one year at sea.. Although these training ships re fostered by the Government the boys who would enter have to pay, just as they have to pay In the ships of New York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania in this country. Thevi have to be between the ages of LJ and 15 l'-2 years and be of good character. With this foundation the lad be gins to learn seamanship and to ab-, sorb the qualities of being 'of cheer-' ful submission to superiors, self re specting and independent in charac-j ter, kind and protective to the weak, be in readiness to foglve an offense r/7?>r>/77 have a desire to concllliate the differences of others, and, above all, show a fearless devotion to duty and unflinching truthfulness" these be ing the qualifications that will bring to tho youngster the gold medal giv en annually by the King. The daily routine on the "Wor cester" is pretty much like that on all of the training ships except that each Saturday afternoon the lads arc ;civen shore leave, while there ar ? three weeks' vacation at Easter eight weeks In mid-summer and five weeks at Christmas. In additior there are two visiting days enr week when parents and friends^ of 'he cadets are welcome on board the ship. A British natial, training school the gives the lads the practical end of seamanship is the PortJ aackson. Since the school was established In 1890 about 400 cadets have been carried, many of them serving full terms of four years while others, graduates of the "Conway" and "Worcester" have served their three years, all completing their terms having been given Second Mate cer tificates. "Port Jackson" Is an Australian packet, making regular runs from London to Sydney, and she is a ves sel notable for her speed, having on one occasion made 345 miles in 24 hous. From the time the ship leaveB London until she returns about nine months have elapsed and she has covered a distance of about 3 0,000 miles, including the rounding of Cape Horn, the latter in Itself being considered a most important teature in maritime life. From the moment the "Port Jackson" is under way strict ship rcu.inc Is observed and the cadets do their share toward manning the vessel. They take their regular watches, but a portion of each day is set aside for the study of naviga tion. As the lads advance in skill they are given charge of the ship and the last class virtually bring the ship home, each lad having charge for a week or more at a time. The British Government and the British ship owners are keenly In terested in the training ships and their young men and the graduates have little difficulty in obtaining berths when they have secured their papers from the Board of Trade. Indeed there are many prizes of fered for competency to the cadets of the schools and these trophies range from the gold medal of the King to gold watches, binoculars, valuable text books and even mon ey, all of which is done to encourae the youngsters and to show to them that what is worth learning is worth learning well. What is education? Emerson says that the greatest teacher is not the teacher who supplies the pupil with the most facts, but the one in whose presence the pupil becomes a better person. The great secret of oduca lion lies In respecting the wants cf the pupil. It i6 not for us to say what another shall know or even do. That part of the game of life 1b choseu and foreordained and the pupil alone holds the key to his own needs Emerson begs us to respect the child He re Iterates his plea to respect and wait und see lb* new product of nature develop. We are not to be too much the pupil'b parent We are not to be too often In his solitude We are to, let bim alone Give the pupil an op-! portunity to exercise and express his avery faculty, and then?hands off! I London's Itaitan Colony. The Italians in London, England, are sufficient of themselves to form a large town. There are as many as 14,000, about 2,000 of whom are ice cream venders and 1,000 organ-grind ers. The other 11,000 are chiefly en gaged as plaster bust Eellers, artists' models, cooks, valets, teachers, artists, restaurant and hotel keepers, and so on. , _ Education. SURELY HAD KICK C0MIN3 Conductor's Words Must Havo Made Dark Clouds Settle Around Wojtd-Bc Passenger. He was In an outlying part of the Bronx He had an Important engage ment in tbe lower part of Manhattan, and already he was late. Finally a trolley car hove In sight and bora rapidly cown on him. He Biirr.aled It, but In his dismay the speed was not slackened There was a secoud of anxious thought? should he or should be not jump oa the car?tho speed was great, but so was the dlsiance between oars. And then came the back platform of the car, and be shot out Mi arm? claJchcO th'j hand rail?and the next instant he was standing on the plat form, feellrg' as though his arm had been yanked from its socket, but wear ing a self-s3tisfled smile The conductor, Inside the car. pulled the bell and the car stopped "Hey! Get off of here!" shouted the conductor. "This is a work carv"?* New York P-e&a Faith In Their Cause. If they are thrice armed who have their quarrel Just, then ladies* tailors must be the most righteous persons ???<>'^ Going to Win the Date. 1911. THE TIMES AND DEMOCRAT, ORANGEBURG, S. C, Contest Editor: Please enroll me as a contestant in The Times and Democrat's Grand Voting Contest Little Effort. why not let that someont ije you? 'om. Township. Also send me envelopes, oider blanks, receipt books, etc, so that I may begin work prompt!}'. Name _ I P.O-I try products, dairy j/roducis and all manner of fruits. "We could simply wipe eolton out of consideration, ttill niake a living and bring in enormous sums from the world at lar^e for Southern crops. "In the face of these tremendous assets, it is nothing less than crimi nal folly to concentrate on cotton. Cut down on it ruthlessly! Make it strictly a surplus crop. Produce any or all of the other crops I have enumerated. Then the periennial cotton problem will cease to be one, bered by the large ore n.s now in sanely t=eal outside ot che section for staples that should be raised here." Fhtlng Prices of Diamonds. The prices of polished diamonds are the cotton we do raise will bring a control!ed by pric0s of tne ^ug|l . ^ ^ y,^ stones and are really made In London. 1 a Must Have ?inca Well. The electric ventilating ran on the well of the restaurant was whizzing round. A gentleman who bad dined extremely well sat looking at ft for I some time. "Walter," be complained. fair price, and it will not be incum