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WEEKLY EDITION. WINNSBORO, S. C., WEDNEDAY M'ORNING, JULY 9, 1879. VOL. 3. NO. 39 RLIST1ORY AND ITS LESSONS. -0 WIIA'10 AAY )111 7ER.1RJND BY A P14U).AL OFi IT'S PAGJES. An Oratilon Dollvered by rnjor T. W. Woodward, of Fairlelid, lHoforo the laeorary Societies of F'.rimin Univor #1ty. r,. Presilenl, -biei, mid Genlemen of itc Ardelplitin (aid i'ilosophiin Socklies : - Lot me state, in the beginning, that I am not here for the purpose of displaying oratory, nor with at tempt at motaphysical disquisition. When I received your kindly lettor of invitation, I statod frankly that I had grave doubts whether I would properly meet the requi rem on ts of this occasion, but I also stated that I professed to bolong to that old school, that glorious old school, of Carolina which, amongst ofhor things, taught 111 that the polite invitations of gentlein were not to be disregai-ded. Coining, then, solely in responso to a lifelong prin cipio, I do fool authorized to ask you r kindly consideration, evon though it be deimonstrated that I am unfitted for the task before mo. There are those who deny that there is any such tiing as hirtory, and others who admit tho triuth of history, but deny that it 1epeats itself. Of the formor of those was the groat Napoloon, who said that history was but fiction agreod upon. Faust, in reply to a student who vas growing enthusiastic over the spirit of past ages, said the tiics which are gone are a 1)ook of seven seals, Mid what you call tie spirit of past ages is but the spirit of this or that worthy gentleman in whose mind those ages are reflected. Froudo assorts that history never repeats itself. H1 contends tha th 0e most ':easonablo an ticipaLtiolls fail us; that antecodents the most ol)po sito mislead u-, )ecause the condi tions of human probleotms never repeat themselves-some new feature alters everything. Soarching for the truth of history in times with which we are acquainted, and for a record of facts whiieh havo como under our own observation. we are not disinclined to coincide somowhat in the above propositions, for there exist two separate and distinct accounts of important events occur ring in the recent past-thie state.. inonts of historians of our two soc tious differing so widely that they cannot be regarded as treating of the same thing. If theIC things are so, there are no texts to be drawn from the past-no philosophy of hiftory, which, like other philoso phie% teaches by example. The study of history, therefore, whether for tho purpose of storing the mind with valuable information, or with a view to profiting )y tie good or the ill fortunes of the gene rations who have precodod us, or for the still more valuable faculty of enabling us to judge of the future by the past, would be, to say the most for it, a precarious undortak, ing. Nor could its study be recoi mended as offering greator advan tages for the improvement of style, and as showving higher specimens of literary art, than wvorks of fiction, miany of which are superior in elegant phraseology to most of the valuable histories now in existence. But those who advocate this theory overlook the common place through sound maxim, that like causes produce similar results, which is true, whether in reference to the multitudinous emotions of thee boart, and to the intricate combinations of the brain, and their influence on human action; or as to the more easily understood and satisfactorily explained lawvs which regulate the physical anid govern the mechanical. In all cases where emotions influence actions, or where physical and mechanical intricacies exist, satis fad tory explanation can be had by the proper study of a fewv of the leading Itraits of humanity in the one in stance, and by consulting the rules of hygiene and the laws of philoso phy in the other. Theolawvs of nature must be general and are no respec ters of persons or of times. Society, it is true, is ever changing ; the human race ever progressing ; and although it is rare that circum stances combine precisely as in the past, still, amidst the infinite diver sity, there are certain general prin-' oiples of universal application, and the neglect or observance of which lias in all ages been attended with the same results. Solf.-intorest is to-day the main spring of human action, has ever been, will ever be. Ambition and avarice doom their millions to destruction and want, as in the days of Agamnomnon and of Alexander. "Alternate follies take the sway, -Licntious passions burn," now, as in the times of Caligula anl of Nero. It is only necessary, then, that we shall note the eff'ct of th< leading traits as incentives to indi vidual action, and3( through them itm influence on national character ir the past, and we are prepared tc foretell with unerring truth the fat< of governments in existence to-.day or that shall be reared hereafter. Il is not necessary that narrative should harmonize in .all its minutia andl details before the truth of histor2 shall be naintained, or Its useftties, n pi viIg ad~inat the mistakes a dhe 2fablhod. I doubt voie much if any such record is in exiE once, whore all the incidents relate and the motivos and peculiar chu actoristics of the individual acto given, aro correctly rondored ; I ,writors alivo at tho tino of t transaction are necessarily infl encod by that universal bias of t human mind which makes us ovc estimate tho worth and prowess favorito horoos, and underval those opposod to us, whilst t futuro, truo historian is of cour dependent upon theso imporf( rocords for tho substanco of i book. Time student who roads tho histo by the accomplished, incomparal: Xenophlon, is not conscious, whi hoaring of the virtues and nobleno of Cyrus, that in the person of ti horo are also to be found tho vile olomonts and traits of the fratricid of the assassin, and of the ingrai and yet, nobody quostions the go1 oral correctness of his account tho Retreat of the Ten Thousan The roador of Abbott gets quito different improssion of the characti of Napoleon from that which is pr< duced by the perusal of Scott < Alison; nevertholoss, the stupo dous occurrences in Europov history during the eventful opoc are truthfully given, and Napoleon a-:;oney and influence properly note by all. It is enough that cortai general loading facts transpire a'vl that material modification < thought and change in nation character wero the result. For ii stance, historical truth will ha been vindicated, whon writer agroo that Bibylon was captured U Cyrus the Great, 538 B. C., and tho by his high personal traits and supc rior mental endowments, ho in prossod himself favorably upon tI naterial prosperity of his peopl mal(1 advanced the civilization of hi day. Thoso propositions being coi roboramted, captious would be tho il (ividual who would ass-til the trut of history by asserting tha!t no cit cxistcd or was captured. becaums some of the narrators say that it wq entred through the bed of ti Eutphrates, which was divorted fo this purpose, and others that it wa taken by the usual modes of ap >roacl known to the military me of those days. Who would be authorized i (IanyinV that Ty wi Qba .an ftV 1W takon by the Grooks, becauso he di not believe in the Homeric versin of the woodon homo? And yc vhat substantial difference doesi mako whethor it was captured in thi way or any other, if the materif facts are established that such city had existod, and fell in cons( (uenco of war ; and that in it fa was illustrated the useful, practici God -givo lesson, that commlunlliti( sooner or lator will bo held respor sible for acts of violence and opproi sion, and for infringements of morn law. And lot me say here that th truth of history is at this momm roceiving high vindication at tl] hands of Dr. Schliemann, who, by hi excavations, has proven the existent of this once famous city about whic doubt existed in the minds of man; There is, then, truthful, genuir history, wvhich, like philosoph; teaches by example; and Froude wVI forced to admit, after denying th: it repeats itself, that one loss( ought to b)e said to repeat itself ii distinctness, viz.: that the wvorld somehow built on moral foundi dations, and that in the long rur. is well with the good and ill with ti wicked. This it teaches beyor doubt, but there are many oth and equally valuable lessons wi which its pages are teeming. We are toldl that under the poec ful reign and benign influence the patronizing divine, August: the Roman Empire attained highest eminence in the arts am sciences, that there was at leasi seeming restoration of the lan< marks of that liberty they had ei joyed in the days of their form glory, but which had received dire a stroke at the hands of t greater Cimaar. The doors of t temple of Janus were closed afi having remained open for near ts centuries, and the fields teemed wi a superabundance upon every lhar But a page farther, and Tibori: his inmmediate successor, appeaa Note, if please, the sudden chani in the pictureo: The general low( ing of the standard of national a: private character, and the wvavi resources of state. In speaking these times, Tytler says that beciomo negligent of the cares government, that confusion prevail in every department of state; ti the magistracies woero unsupplie distant provinces were without gr crnors ; and that the Reman nal became contemptible. The 01 eiertions of thme imperial power w: manifested in public executie confiscations, and thoe most comn; cated scenes of cruelty- and raping no inappropriate description times through which woe have pass Take the case of Russia un: Peter the Great. Here was a cot try boundless in the extent of barbarism, and known only as1 abode of the most absolute despotisms, which suddenly, 1 Mlinorva from the brain of Jc and by' the genis of a singlo ni leaps to the posit~ion of a proQg one~ oo mmunity~ and is .rocordec oncOe a, pefshed ~empir. 4Wor M~?.* a th Pa u -~sa it, as it does tho iiport-ico of prop. d, orly solecting associatos, and of r individual education and influence, rs that Romian civilizationi owed its or advanceeint at this time to Ia vonth.. lie hul Swiss foreigner, who firs-t i'nfused u- those ideas of improvement into tho lio mind of the Czar. r- Thebos owed her greatnoss to two of of her citizens-Ep:iminondas and o Pelopidas-and whilst Epam inondas lie remained her glories continued ; and so Spartan charactor was alone attri et butable to the gonius of her singlo is law-givor, Lycurgus. But comi" to times moro immediately under ry otur observation, we find history IcL still abounding in apposite illustra. st tions and still prone to repoat itself. 8 Washington assunod the duties is of the presidential chair at the close st of one of one of tho most imiportant o, rebellious of modern timos. Bloody , fratricidal war, with all its dire v- influences upon liberty, right and of morality, had swept tie bosom of d. this fair country, with varying suc a coss, for seven long years. Corrup 3r , tion, anarchy and want, concomnit.. )- ants as they ever are of strife, >r stalked abroad in the land. The presidential office was no sinocuro, 0 no bed of ros promised that , repose naturally to bo desired by . one who had long been subjected to A the caros and vicissitudes of camp n1 life. But supported by those high. 1L toned, chivalric traits as 1mcl a(.. >ftiered to in private as they woro Ll rosplendent in his public cireor, and which alone constituto true great e ness, lie, with a patriotism broad s enough to look to the weal of his y whole country, and with a desiro .t only to perpetuate the genius of civil liberty, ostablishoe real peace, made the country liappy and con o tented, and fostored th it material prosperity which, with tho sword of is true gonius, he had carved for his people. And ho is recordyed in his.. tory as a grand soldier, a pro found h statesmn, and, better still. as a tru Y gentlomn. Tho tomb of Thescus e at Athons was at protoction to the s liberties of the people twelve liun 0 dred years after his death, and in r like manner will remain forever the .3 mblo grave at Mount Vernon a reminder of the halcyon days of the a American republic, and a beacon to light up the path of those who shall a dosire to return to the pristine sin a 1lot~y nIacl p1tyj. of conmstitutionil LI liberty. But hoiro LA - qhift f.n b-ij 1y, by n ordinanco t more inexorable than the laws of t the Medes and Persians, is obliged a to reenact itself. Buffoons, sots and I political hucksters occupy the chair a of Washington, and inmediately - learning and worth give place to Lj ignorance and infamy ; statesmen d and patriots are supplanted by dem ms agognos and partisans ; thieves aro -- selected to fill positions of state; i- vilo scoundrels are chosen to wear il the sacred ermino of the judge ; e the ancient landmarks of liberty are Lt ruthlessly obliterated for party 10 plunder, and the worship of God ,s abandoned for tho following of me Mammon. h Mon are the most imitativo of y. creatures, and it is a deep.-seated Le principle of humanity to hide our y, own faults behind those in higher Ls spheres. Can it be wondered at at then that individual demoralization ~n is rife in the land, and that the dis 1h position to honor the obligation of is contract is on the wvane in private t- spheres, when the highest magis.. it trate in the nation holds his office 1o by bare-faced fraud, and when chief td ministers of government steal and er plunder with impunity? Muddy the bh heads of your streams and you inva riably have filthy, turbid water ; 0- demoralize your citizen and you of lowver the standard of public opinion, ts, and national degradation ensues as ta inevitably as night follows day. Ld Here under our own eyes and in a our own country history has ire. 1- peated itself. We note it not in - anger but in sorrowv, and allude to or it in no improper spirit of political so criticism, but solely as to logitimate be historical data illustrating a case in lbe point. Like the Roman under Tib er rius, the American name has become yo contemptible--the synonym of op th pression and a by.word of reproach. di. Our government, no longer founded is, on the consent of the governed and e's. built upon the cornerstones of lib go erty, equality, fraternity and hion mrs esty, but distorted by thme evil genius ad of a few of its rulers and nimiisters ng into thme meanest of despotisms, of lhke the fabric of Dyonisius of Syra.. ho case, loans for support upon the of arms of its soldiery. ad It is comforting to know that at when the eventful career wvhich has d ; marked this republic from its incep >v- tion to the present moment, shall nio be written by the unbiased, unpreju ily diced historian of the future, whc are has calmly looked back up the stream ns, of time, and, separating the gol1 ill., from thme dross, has noted its tru< -history, no single instance will ap. of pear whore the people of this see ed. tion have ever violated one nationa' 1er compact, or have been false to th( in, teachings of the fathers of the coun. its try, or untrue to the principles o bhie constitutional liberty. No, my young of friends, these admissions will b< ike mado, .and the additional fact re. ve,' corded,'that so long as woero hoedo< an, the veices of ,her statesmen, and si er. long as was felt the inOueneo of he at ptiots, in the nationalOouncls, -9a bh' 11ng (1i sheo maintai h#g an4 Ik hoandable emnitiol mozienthe nn tions of the carth. It will bo writ ton in charactors of bliniished gold, and will bo studied a myriad of con turies houce, with more avidity than marked tho efIorts to docipoher Egyptian hioroglyphics, or to com.. prelend tho true philosophy of Ro man or Grecian history. For like these, it will furnish cumulativo testimony of tho fact that govorn monts are destroyed,libortios ruined, and civilization arrostod wherever and whenevor vilo rulers and profli gato imatjorities disregard tho rights and liborties of a conservative, sen.. tiimental minority. But to enjoy continuod immunity under this head, it mu' also appea'r that you have mado diligent, per. sistOnt use of thoso JMealls which his'tory points out for thero domp tion of liberty, and for the restora.. tion of civilization. Recollect that you havo no country but this ; it is ours by right of corkquest and by inhoritanco. Thero is no spot upon the surface of its broad green fiolds which is not illustrious by tho dods of a common ancestry, that is not hallowed by the si 'limo associations of a common past. No people without a country have ever enacted high and honorablo history, nono without fixed places of abode havo uvor transmitted rog ulated liberties and maiterial pros pority to their descendants. With nations as with individuals love of country distinguishes the settled stable commonwealih from nomadic tribos, and the Christian gentlenman from the profligate vagabond ; and next to love of God, most dignifies and onn1obles huiian charac ter, and purifies and cxpands the souls of "When the wicked rule the p)3plo mourn, is a maxim from the oldest and truest history which has ever been written, and it has descondod through all subsoquent times with.. out variation or alteration, even to our own (lay. The head of ia nation, liko the father of a family, must mako his impress upon the humblest citizen and wield influenco over the youngest memnibor. But closely in connection with this subject, and equally well an thentica ted, is another lesson worthy 'of attention. It was in the month of July, 1625, whno' Charles I., with his ighlted-hearted French bride, sailed cendedl a throne with I) O~oppor. tunities for onacting high and lion orablo history ; none with better chances for advancing sicilco and civilization and the material pros. pority of his people. Tho condition of the English na. tion at this timei was peculiarly favorablo; the times espeially aRus.. picious, for the impress of that high order of scientific education, and refined, elegant, cultivated civiliz" tion, which, it is claimed, is the natural inheritance of all we:lthy com -muniitics. But ho was imbued with the writings and teachings of his father upon the divine right of kings, and was peculiarly unfortu. nato in the selection of his associ - ates, wrho upheld him in thoso opin ions with a bigotry alike disastrous to their mnastor', and ruinous to themselves; and we are not sur.. prised to see him indisposed to grant those reasonable guarantees demanded by the people. At first murmiurings are heard, next we see recourse by John Hampden to the civil process, and then a torrent of publlic indignation-and tile fine prospects and good opportunities of Charles end upon the scaffold. In the spring of 1794, Rlobespierre was the most powecrful. man in France. Intoxicatedl with ideas of his Own importance, and inflated with plans for further personal ag grandizement, ho wvas already plan,. ning the destruction of tall opp~osed to him, and wit,hout oea the misor able subterfuges of par'tisanl judges, packed juries and suborned wit nesses, was spilling tihe best blood of the land wvith ruthless, reckless hand. But here also is an historical pause ; then. reaction sets in ; the people awake as from a hideous dream; Robespierro's head falls into tihe basket; the reign of terror is over, and France is freo. These illustrations, interspersed as they are through history from its earliest date to the p~rosent me mont, teach us, and are intended to teach us, that governments are inca pable of self-imuprovemnent, and that a people should be vigilant and solf.. reliant. How curious to note the seeming impossibility towvards re formation encountered by despots wvho have trifled with tile liblerties and rights of a nation ; but how consoling to knowv that there is over that property in the breasts of the masses, which sooner or later revolts at injustice and oppression, and wvelling upl from the groat heart of n peoplo. sometimes assumes the 1ro0 p)ortions of a umighity, angry tidal wvavo, wvhich swoops over all opp)osi* tion, and through. fire and A swvord restores the rights of manhood and the blessings of .liberty. AL othem times, like the veins of pure wvatoi percolating tho substra- of th< e arth, it permonates an~d purifies th< hearts of the citizens and bringn about that mild buitto :less eflon > oous remel)dy known 'as peacefui tovohition. Now' condense. thb'tw< > rincipal lessom~r taught i.dhp fog'f 1.gi~ urinni we arnonnthin6tA n honorablo or debased, just as tho good or bad qualitiOs of their rulors proponderato; and second, that all moans of oscapo from the ills of misrule are alone centered in the poplo thomselvos. To mao prac tical application of those lessons for the good of the country, will bo certainly a praisoworthy undortak ing. Assuming, then, as a fact which n1oods no argument, that in proportion as the excollencies of a peoplo propondoratO, that is, where principlo and moral worth outweigh sordidnoss and what is known as businoss shrowduess, and whero sentiment is adhored to oven.at the exponso of dollars and cents, so are tho facilities for rekindling the watch-fires of liberty increased, and tho probabilities of arousing slum I boring patriotism enhanced. Pocn liarly pertinent at this point come the inquiries: Are wo pursu'ng the course which loads in this direction? Are we, as a people, with honest, stoady purposo, cultivating thoso attributes of tio heart and mind I which can alone lift this (b coi. monwealth from tho miro ii, which sho has settled'? Or are wo, liko the worshippers of Baal at Tyro, oblivi ous of the fact that the cursos which doomed her to destruct ion still hang like. the sword of Danocles over all countries which persistently vio i lato moral law '? i "Put money in your purse, say the politicians who have usurped the places of statesmnn ; and they illustrate by examplo, ats well as teach by paraitblo. "Put money in your purso," reit- i (rato the lpopular lecturers of the day. "Put money in your purs-," e(ho11) and re- echo tho newspapers of tho nation ; cultivate more of Yan - kee thrift and economy, repair pri vate fortunes and build up wasto N planos of the country. C "Put flme.y in Your purse," said Ingo to Roderigo, fittest counsellor for such advice. Yes, in season andI out of season, by any means and by all means, put monmey in your purso; conciliate unroasonal o public opin- ! ion. and leave to time and to Hor cnlos tho removal of the burdon which has crushed tho last vestige of constitutional liberty, and which to-day is athwart their path of moral progross, and bars the ad. c vancenot of civilization itself. .1 iu f;r _11p to encourage 0-lifulness, to advin J.? ? . of beyond your moans, to say one word i against the dignity of manual labr, or to sneer at Yankee thrift and in- f dustry; for, in somo rospects, it has a had marked influence for good in the V history of this nation. But I say that history doon not point to any of those propositions its calculated to rodeem lost liberty 1 Md establish the rights of an op- x pressed people. I here entor my I protest, and conjure you, my young friends, to guard religiously against the adoption of any such vile dog mas. Humanity needs no incentive to adopt vices, to the neglect of virtues. Better restrain this allur. ing, demoralizing propensity and cultivate those higher, holier, moro chivalric qualities of the heart, wvhich enable a pole to rise sup~erior to adversitios, and standing fixed and immovable upon01 eternal truth and . principle, awvait that recompense I which the God of history has in store I for all who act thus. Tihe Spartans wore longor a prose p)orous people tihan nmost of to states of antiqluity, and the denmor. olization and ruin of its subjetiVs < wvore only possible after Lysander had brought homo the spoils of Athens. Tihe liberties of Greece were never seriously ilmpairod, nor hter glories farever dimmed, until the plunder in tihe camp of Mardonius upon the plains of Platea had boon divided amon gst Iter soldiery. Inevitable ruin and disgrace comleto were niowborio foreshadowved upon tihe pages of Romtanl history unltil her Eastern spoils and its enervating luxurious mtanner had Vain ted the manhood of hor citizons5 and cor ruipted the principlos of her states.. Tile god of rices was painted blind, that we mighmt be taught that there was little of foresight and loss of merit necessary for to accumu lation of wvealth, and with wings, that the transient, evanescent ad,. vantages of its possession might be im prossed upon01 us. HIow far below the regnirements of history do we fall when we waste our time and enorgies in to pursuit of a bawbio which neither imp~lroves morality nor inculcates true chari ty, nor enjoins a olhivalric bearing, but makes men more prone to endure te ills of dospotism, lost, by agita.. tion, the value of property may be imtpairod. Like the civilization ro forrod to by Chamnnng, ours is chalr, actorizod anld tainted by a devouring greediness for wvoaltht, and a passion for gain, which is everywhere sap.. ping pure and generous feelings,' and risinlg up bitter foos aginst anly reform which may thtreaten to turn aside to stroam of wealth.. "He that mtakcoth haste to be rich shall not be innocent," sauid a wvritor of antIquity, whlo, by study of hui.. mnanity and by observationl of the affaira~ of nations, as .well as by Divinagraco, was well qutalified to d'llivev an 'opinio~ .ah&, y'piritual g'onsidered, is inmortg.l, and namy b4 l -g toao .d frodo)1e : hereafter; but govornmeits are mor tal, and must answer in the present for acts of opprossioi ann for in fringemonts of moral hav. Honet may bo witussed now the bittoi strifo of faction, and bo soon now thc fungoid growth of luxury, and felt the opprCssions of accumulated pri - vato Wealth, which, with tiho general prolligacy of tho times, ats well as the marked disposition to depart from what old-fashioned people would call the Ood-fearing course of the fathors of the republic, have in idl oras, and in every land, bei truthfuli fearful augury of a nation's dest ructioin. Theromnro highor andt holior dutic.o ror you, ovon than the important ind not dislionorablo attempts to repair private fortunes mid build up wasto places in the laud. Upon yon vho havo renon tly attain ed mn11n1's .-tate, Who have a lssumed~l the tor (I bNdi'i., niild who tire sool to be t he iipa11 contestantls to the palm in he political areia, and fihe chiefa spi -anis for the ihvoi of, (he lh-klo I )od toss in the hattle of liti', devolve peuli iar respolsibilitics. Beinig youniiger, .on rt.( of couiSe mor plian, n111d 2ro letter able to adapt, youl Ives (4) t hat. iW or'der of thiis. whicIeivh tlhe exigener >W the times deinaids, anid which iil 'nablo you to(4) miiore Iloroighly idilen it'V voturselves inl lhe reidlel I ing of blic thought, and inl the reit'ea iolt of Society, both of whi 'el e'C 11W n a tran silion state. You have a countrv t tave, : Civili aItioni to re-establish, and honorable, Qeneral history to enl:acilt ani tiralisit, o those whIto wvill coime a(ller you. An1d chargl-e you, see lo if 11hat the reptilla ion of t(e Sout.hi, i of, this ohl Sl at" 11 partiunlar, sllf'rs lit) deiri mienit at. -()llr 11and; see to it 1I1. voh t o rztasllmit lioe (livalric sent i IiciI,; an11d untar lislhd rephu1.11iosl'or 6wpalc'iolisli and onesv of charact (' which have ever ,t I lched to I e public. and livate get lemten of your scelionl, tinld which. ri oitt. spot or bleimish, are yom' ommon inlhiritinei to-day. Within It. gallkhoy ofl her servait riho have attriiornd thev hiktory of lie'se Ites o.u)1 will tild the gran ile'l speci ells of o thi parl iotic soldilr o lIoihu oil oi to gdory. ''lhe m ost 1 gified of oralors and pro juliest of staesmen bid von hirnt vpulIaionl by th' path, whichl It'll ithem ) 1a. Ilil, hll b e t er in even I liese, oil ar- fuilrnished with m, p1rtfe spe lietl of the chivalrie, true gienlemn, .hich, next to (G'od's last, best giri vely virtltnous woman--has 1nos8.ex ited the admiration of tIe world, auti nu nIaowhm lbouo U'nano1u A n the obility or Enhigland. Let. thlose sn1eer ait thlt chivah'r- who booelip~. Ilistory fm-nishr(s h I-.et hie 'worbd unt1il thle adtit(ie,1 <hi0 ip 11 zrenit orders of kniIgl s, wheni lovelv elical.e woifiai Oen''.d to I. regrreled s a bea.st of hnirideni, an(d w en tle dow and Orphanl i coul, for the ficl line, command a cAinipion iit every itd. 1ls inthiences .re felIt evenl iii his uiseitimlal day, and the lessen n1gr liumbelrs or ifs devote.e deplored lv Imore thlui one INortern papr ehich has admitted that%(n1111 nf1111isi 4on of' hie Southiern1 chivalrv\ into thle colin ils of' lit natioll 1 s:k 'l l eedld. Cultivit( t10 graceis of 'he mind alnlId he virties of Ihe hearl. 'I lie ze nee runiuing, tratiniin g a id deTIe, syseilatie illago; but, it is a ii iii ple or imtre hat noxious weeds and vile trnaits a.%re pontanleous' productienls, and floiIshI vithout cuilture. .Secu re first the r'ighits and privileges hi' politicail e3jitii ly, mand~ Ile b lessuinlgs iif conit n11111nal0 libierfy. 'h'lhee bege'It hose c.ommelindalble but secontdary cont unes0 andi~ of' r'ebuildinig theo wasto >laceOs of y'our countrv. Toc this 'mioutt city, wilh its pure ti anid liberty-tosterhiig seery, be onigs the hionor o1 haivinig ltwoduiced he( lirst nob1l1 Romian, who, like Ca~mto( >f old, appalled at the depart in: glories. if' his country, (led aloudl agaliist. lie. mnormnit.ies ot' ltconstruel ion , anid by lie eflorts of h18i tenichati, pa11iit ic l(en, r'ekinidled3, Ii Pst, the ancin lires >if lieirty in the hearts of our pe'ople, vh'lich w'as sure hilstoic~ilalhrinlger of' ,'our' State. siudccss in I1876, I thank *0od that you, sir, [turnuing to G~ov 3r'nor Perry] aire sill spar'ed to your' peole, Th'Iere is encoiuragement hiere for ren'uewed elli li behalf* of our' tion otf thle f'ore of individual charac ter, even in dl eterininug the alliris of States and niationis. ReadI( miicienit history, that you may learn wilsdom and profit by. the miis hakesq of the past, and study modern history, that you many acquiainlt your solves wvith the hionoralde recoirds oft y'ouri hnme11diali t ace'sl.ry, and1( therch01y necertaining t he miaterhiil of which vou are' c3omlposed, heC st iinulatied~ to greter3i exertionis in behalf of civil liberly, nnid for the pec)''ltlin of hiunmn hap ins. F~ormu for yourselves opinions11 based upon hiist~orical pre'(cedent, and( express themm b)oldly, andio without tiny regaird. for thie cmondati on of' exacting, unrl'iesonaltho, hiypocril tca senthinenit ainywvheor. Jiahd the expotunders of that, gr'eatest of histories bnen liflu eniced by conisideraitionis of t his charac (er, there wvould be little of liberty and less of religion in thme wvorld to-day. lBe sober, ba) hoinost., 1)0 industrious, be fruigal, The true, chivalric knight vowett1 to defend( tihe church, to succor dlefenclessB wvoman, to) prte(ct the id~ovwin orphan, andl to practic, especkill, the virt ues of truth and 3ourPc~I- qual ities which, athiouigh unmpr'actised ,uniiappreciatted~ un reward cdl by those wholo 0 shapmgit 1 tthds. hinis of thils country to-day, have ever in the histories of the dairkestag, and amonigst. people the most uncivil 17zed, most adorned1 pivate ceharactor, and most ennioled~ nationial r'eput ti~on. With theolincreasing cares and1( re sponsblltoe, wvhich are theo mrost con stant accomnimelntuis of man's estaito and in vlowv of the additional tempta tionsto whuiqh you wvIll be subljectedl i these mateOrIadsLt imos, I 'doom Il' ominently a proprto that you sl id again apprfc l)aeo with hantf iilar4 Witft Qiahr iallPflts~ For lit)iglit lVIilW 01O(l, Aaiig iet edl VOupel~~ - agVS fil It p('. S'bl or 111(1 s4(idiiw-. of, huiuiual 1,01(11 thf! %,OVI to liNe .401 .( . C, y 1 oil )ry, al101 voill l'vignids, and1( espe. via1l lv (4) (oiilihim (-le lt0 2 stdft;8 (2( , ilk the' jfpracive (IC the viihI4!l.; ot' IPill 1121111 Iir (av1.11 lied yue1V8For nut iii * (1(i)2II ill (114'. l)Llcefill A11-1111, shiould Owli ( 1)11 of Ihistorv votiv11 sn1.tu (Illiet de~l i vel l~ice to Ailiioaill Iieirty, oi Col. iosi iloll illiille tenut (fields, 18 Wich 1it. will be( vot Sacr10ed (ltv to eliter w ii i litep-iiv, Sh110111114 ll lk18*IltWIv It.11( Nvis'Ioi 1121l11P(3e 21101(liit byV fiIo 11(14 2C84 of LN P alillilcal, iliiiiittuld grov eviiontii. or if clie diay or* rectiiiiiig J1h81az 1 (10l IUUl'-re to g-iiCPrat-i0118 NvIito .Illl co1ic 02 eyw, .11111 Will 3-041 114-4%-" providd yourwives ii ill t.II(3. re I q1irC111its, bothI of livild uIIIl heart., whichl are iieees.Alry to0 comlete that1 grandI~est tN1)i of, IItIIIzII-a porite1bilitv -a1 Sothili gpilielliali ofth le olit I 3211100. '.'it trt, it. 8(P13,02 111)1. 0111. Ido yonl, q,;lOw Iled2( of*it 21 , aialicate Or as. it Iinellibl) ol' hol)1)1( P2I12.r, to Itoquiro vl.' wealth1 fliid f1Ire its8 it miillIinaire, but it, will 11ot. preVellL yoiur livillg. honlorable, Itisotl Ii V0, 1111( inig lair.'el, oC, thIat t reast 11.4 whlicoli depos lied ill aveol-dale w ith thIe direc2tions1 or jistorv, wvill not. 1)(, liale (o 4.11(3i (oPPri! pt 11)11 otv iC eI er 1It0 l. rus8t, and1 apL-aiiisl which the iroat(Li of tliieve8i (INC.111 TUJ(XEfl'.N S (TiPtICS 1 1.i)qjg Tiiiie-__A Itogits Greecai~ik .1.ks:illN2 xele .1-a oiii he reel-.Vo 8C PI lbIc'r 211 11I 'g(l 0w Pg2Iiol lIe ( It',1 11.1kp, bv IdIH144 i I he Capion ital.ic Whylit 141 puili:-hi110 0102 11 it.118 l-. )d(0 troig ll Iiin ill it oP 24s future, ~p(Plliie' . 'Il'll. whyv ol the orwgitn, Iow evviP, k8 I'ehll~d inl it (':1pt111,11~i. will Im Imb111,1 i. I d livre 4 o-Inlori-m by. Coll ~r(8I I11 I.IiriiI, heii -V. .1.1 y A. W S l (; I -n, .11110 2-1.-_- ledllo' ot' t111 ID"n /qon I o.. I)c PSr My 24Iillioll NWOS dra2wnI t4) ll 2iPliCC fit (Ilie Ips t, his IIOIPIIIl 11 1l1-por)E)lir to ai 21112ICoIIII. (W an1 ilii (21iew' 1)0 I weeii Ili. Jal~v A. 111 1)i l- 11, ot'Michii --wi 21( 1I~h" las I::. 511 ldalV, ill (ilk I l e 1118( R1 1 . )P3'it 141 , :IS 11111" R1 it 1)11 Il0i . i11 to the 1I1lhlit. (without al1t law11ity flriIl hid) I (1l'.ir PC to coITOI't 80111(3 ~ ~ il fill-'iI;Ijd arl ( 2Pieh(3. .1 N.18 (()II1iil" Iromi thle fi ooiii, al11.4 ) I IV:111 pall.r I lie IepOllIilc21) Side ot, paelie liskt'd ine' I I Ikniew th lr I(3 li1Q1ibl. 10111i. 1 lo remalirked1 t11at4 ho0 was'2 reiilri 11b, li rel t or val luile SePI'ievs ill ()lio and4 I lil 11(ckv ; 111214. lielt~s hat tellumdl (1I(I C0 I l III it 0111io, alld( was NMStIl I lill 1 )eioll(;2.(1t I'WIl.)1'on S ho utu 1I hA he was senldil. th lousanIds of, Ilk. pjels 111) io KentIucky V 111 Ohlio, iiitk lug 1 :I(IS 1ll(,14. (li0 ,.eiorh jI )1P1 2111( (11)2" hI3Z11 Inich it'roodI. It0 -aid(: I' We(~ are 2lill-rl IliiIi n(1( it. requIires a ! dOO(1 (l( * 1(-Ililiv , 2111( I wvould1 liko %O~l I o, 11e ( lit id." I ooke athim whitht Avtlthei~ 2111(1 ' 112101) el. lin pliiivd r e OrI o(1 211(W vIl~ke pockl. 1111 hIer oei tIm lie gelil. 0111 lookdtii, him 1 ith noprs Id lld ho he no18 (opl ali iitke iglWl( to8( ta y, 1111( 1 lt~ell 1iiii