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DEVOTED TO SOUThERN RijGlJiS, DEMOCRACY, NEWS, LITERATURE, AGRICUhLURE CEC N H R WILLIAM -EA S i ItIlITOI:S .~i~i~ b* JUAN S. RLCtIIARtDSON, .111., S TERS-4 -N ADVANCE.'Lt(c WOL. 1i. S.-.- ----- -LE S. U. .3 --. C - __, _______________________ '1IE SUMTER BANNER is ituisn::li Every Wriednsday Mlornling Bvy Lewis & Richardson. T E RiMN., TW'VO J)Ot,.A RS in ailvance, Two Dltlars and Filly C'enti :tt the expirationii ix.j.c iinonatls or 'lir. ei ll lart: at the etil of the year. No paper discontineil until iall arrearages are r\11. Inile:-s it t he 11 in of tl' l'ropri-tir. Q Aclvertise nisiiis inser!"l Iat S i.V l.NTV FiiV E Cents per sepiire, (1'.: liine or lets.) for the first, and al f that st1n for e:icl su i ntji.ent insertion, (Oliit advertisenients the saitme earls limte). ' The number of insertions to be minirked on all A vrti einents or they will be published until ordered to he discontinuel, anti chargetd accurdin.ly. g; ON E )OI.A l per square for a single insertion. Quarterly otl Miailnhly Advertise nents will lie chirgel tie same :tt a .ingle in sertion, and seini- iiontlily Ie saine as new oiue (Concluded froi last 11inner.) LOVE AND SPITE; OR, TiE., BURNT REOUiQUET- 1 Butt the' next dayt passeod, andl the dlay ft)llwiig-r.l! '!leis (':ie not. Oi the third be, passedl her inl Ilhe street vit it a distanit bow. II e litoked wrt ihid lv, howei('ver--andul tIi: m gtve his ihaniglty mist ress 1ni. slight sat isthe tion. -(onihiileit, in the p-aver iift.ier char)ms, site had not the least Iear of loo sing him; but. that. she should yield, or mi iake the sm. allest ad vance towards a reconciilia.tion, was nolthoughIr;1t tf. T ulii~gIthe she ha w oiuntel lis feelink iii the poiint. louSt sesiltilve to a l1over atnd a moan if honor. it w\a his bnsiness to sue tor piardt n; anti Floura had in her own min l ileterntlletil ipi tin the time and placee that was to witness ler triumph. There was ini a :ay or two to : a large prts'y : liit' lion- or ie otr (htarles's intimate 'rienitd. h'll uti gi ie had not alpearil In i cmpnilly smt, their quarruel, there he mutt ertainly lie; a1nd F1loa--wio r'a! I ltd1i:I.:ti 1~or a renewal iof the ien urse-lI.iiked tor. ward to the party with the tgraecat. impatience. A few beers before it. was time to Coimtnelie her toilet, l:e t hrew her self on the sifa bfore tie tire, in lier chamber; aidt gav": herself ny ito happy reculleetionis of the past ainl liopes fir the fiture. 'TiC bie autiil Iriess inl which she was to apphear \ wa-, lai across the hed]; her maid h: t'l anged on the d ressing tal ble tih ii ; rs. laies, uid jewels, that, were to adiorni her hair, neck, and arms; and Ite y- .iung beauty-even lovelier th:n cver in her careless dishIalille-hal throiwnt one fairband across her brow, and'. wOa oc cupied in weaving a g.lei welb (if future happiness in the busy loo: of her own phantasy. She thought of Charles--of the deep and ardent passion with which site had inspired him; of t:e noble, gener ons nature which must make the balp piness of all concerned witl him; litf his talents and acquirements, that necessarily msts!, work thtir way t.i independence, if not weal tih. And, withi a sigh over his present poverty, anid another over his st rong self will, she jumped over the dillictieis ini theirt pathi, anid pi~tctue herself thle priesid ing geius of his home-then wvife thait shatred1 his inimost, thoiughits 11md4 feel ings-his comf oiter in the hur iof1or row, and his sytopath lising friiend in that of joy, until teais of haippiness bedewed her checks, and shte felt that at that mnotnet she coulid sacrifice anything for his sake. Just. theni tihe door opeined,' and her miaid ranl il, " Oh, Miss Flora ! Thle monst magv nificent bouquet ! Not, one like it ill the whole blessed winter ! Eigthit teamelias, besides roses and( winnmyc/s; and-and I don't, know what beCsides!" 'And she latid the costly offering before her happy mistress. In ian instant shu decided it, came from Charles; aud, thonugh much mocre gorgeous and expensive than those lhe was in the habit of seniding, she saw in this an iundication of his anxiety to atone for the olfence hte hiad given her. 'Shie was lost in adlmi ration of its beau ty, and had just. decided that. one of the splendid white camnelias might. he wvithdraIwnI, withiot, injturinig the sym.n mnetry of the arran~tgemtiCl, to adortn lier dark hairi, when, in a mnoment of silence-diuring which shte was induilg. itig iln some~ very tcnder thoughts oif thle doinor-the mnaiid sudhdenly ex. ci'aiimid thait she huad diroppeid the card tl e boy had given; ando, Ileaving the rqomi, returined di11rectly, and placed it it Flora's hand , whoii read, "~ For Miss Orn ~s~ , with Mr. Ho.swell's comirpli TJheo reviehloinorf feltling wa' ton great for l'ht's. I emper. IIier~ eyes thlaihd, and. ~i ~ t-i excla~ rnaiti ofl deep disgust, she filing both card and flowers into the fire that was blazinir before her. lhe maid wrung her hands in despair, and tried to save them from the flames; but Flora pre. vented her; and stood enjoying their destruction, until they were entirely consumod. Soon afterward's shin coin ieneed the labors of tle toilet. The maid sighed deeply, as she placed the artificial flowers in the hair that was to have been adorned b)y the eaielius; and, after she hail arranged every fold of her cotl v dress, and placed the rich h:n.I kerclief and fanil in :'loLa's hand, she ventuircd to sigh forth " Now it' you had but the flowers, \iss Flora, vou would he the coin pletest (ressed lady there !" " I would not have carried them ihr the world !' said Flora; anl, viti a t riuin plian t. glance at her ll e:ltifiiI fitre in the miiror, sie was soon in the carrIiag~e. I ier eves wanidered restlessly round the brilliant assembly as she entere I lie room on her father's ara-but no Charles met her view. At. last, after working her way through the folding doorway, she saw himt standing in clkse coniiversatliim With a eitleim an si) much cngrossed by it in fact, that it. was sne time before lie perccived her; andi thei lie inerely bowed, and continuedl his co~nver .at ion. Flora (elt, Mi. l;ioswt 11 jiling hie, she bestowed iin himi one it her most, bewitching smiles-said sle wa ;just biginiing t.o think the part-iy stupid, but would cei t aiily fiiind it idenvait iow; and, on his expresline :'omen surprise at not seeing till io iwers ie had sent her, she regretted deeply she hal not reci e I them, at1(l sugg*: ee that they had prob:tlbly hin-en l".'i. at ano11thier lousn e InI inist:Ike. Verv soon after she all.yu.ed \l r. lioswell to lepl her to a seat in a corner o)f thi. rii:,i, a:nd to ili, ipli ise hr ionversationii duii the 'ro'ter part of the evenIing. Tliece times in ti' cnure': of it her eye res"ted lugulirin:gly upon~l h1'r, anl I she at '''ee ioldly a vceeI his. A week before, hw ililY.nerit it. hadl bui! ll iw sweet waS (eei th1e Imimeint:rv interehiaunige of .icaliteiit that a ghmee eoivey, ed! Hlut, still detcr:nii f that i ven by a look she would not make tile Ii:rt. aidvilfee ti iwaiiis a iC i 11 duilnRihe onil1' flirted' more:', desperaite'l witthl M r. linswell1 tkhan bc. re, m11:' hiad' rarely appearedUL inl n1oe1billm spiiit-. hiut, oh ! the storm that rage' v ith in that fir mail seeinin_ly tira 1toil heart-the stirmi it anger, of disap po.intmient, oft bi, lled- h':pe! But amiidst it all, she preserved the same gay exterior; and no Iainug could ?ne-s that while she exchiniged a bright repartee with one, ab a:lectionatte ali e Willh :nothier. ad a gnlie reply to the stR speeches; wt ith\ which M11r. iDoswell was regaling her, shie was almo- t suUicated with the violence of the feeliiigs she so perf:etly repre.ed. liit wihcn the restraints ,t society were rei noveI--when, after throwing 0tP her gay alppareb. she dashed hrself on the bed in a paroxysmn if izndiina tion against him of w h)iii a few hu iiis befire she had tliiglht so tediii'v all hr formier lve stee:ne.! turne I to ha:treil-nd how to be nitot, kafetidly ievenged on him iii was her only thoug:.h1 t. * * * a * "'Ilave y on hetard [lie news, Chiarlie. said young Staniley, as lie enitered his friend's ollice, a few days after the iniicients we hav-e related. " F. ora (Ormsbiy is engage] to Mr-. lDoswell !" It was wvell that Charles was seated in his large ohlieL chair, oir he crtainily would have ihaleni. At length lie "Are you sur-e of this, Stanlev ?" " Su re! Wi by, I heaird it from unI os well h iself, man ! Never saw a llouw so delighted ini my life. It is as fixed as tate--and (certainiily nii one can be surpriiisedi at it., after t he way ini walihi she has received lis; attentions all the winitcr. It is a capital mat -h. She will doi [lie honors of his graid niew house elegaiitly, anid t here is nio end to thie part ies she wvill gi ve-suchi a lin, dshinig, spirited creature as she is! ut, I see you are hard at work!"' -for Charies had again bowel his bead over the parieiineiit with whichl ho hail beeni occupied when Stanlev enitered --" ando I will not dIistiirb'i you! I only lookod in to tell you thle news? Anad Charles was left aloiie-alonle wi th his breakiing hecart-the bieau tifl lhric of' his oiiee imagined happi i iess siv ~eed to atoms at is feet. Coul this indeed lbe true? Couldii she, who but little morme thaii a week helbie had been his pl ighted wile - whose vows were still his, mid from whom, though for a while estraniged, be had neve'r direamed of withidriaw img his allegiance--thus gave himii up with ouit, a siinglo look endeavoring to recall himi? lki first impulse wvas to rush to her -----0 t oaconh hicr with unim -, t1. ei treachery, anti to let, ler witntess t ho agony she had caused1. lint his pride -that pride which ill thiir last initer view she had so wouunded, anid w!.I"idi hatd detert iii ed hi nt, thu ghi stillering deepily under their estraligetneni , LIo whit 1i)1 Sm)ile signh to) show that shte regretted iL also-restrailell himn, even in that morn i cot of' desp>eratil, fro in such an titlc. .'etcarne the lion 1hJlng rjltestio)1 had site realIly ever 14oved himi ' Ai~d %% icii the first 1)11 r:t (of anguti s was over, anld he was al do to review the last snolre calm ly, lhe began to 111114lit whletheri lhe hri ot fr'rt Itt: Hirt A Menl the iiere vitim io(f hecr eItjut ry; \\ heftier she 11:11114" f,1 nol the first heeti silortii! wIith his :Wtina111 ii la1i est feel ings of' his htar it, onl l ur tire pleasure (,. h~rcah(nit L t last. As Charles had h~I20e~ !evcluteLd fiomt revealing to aiiy onei hi; h:1ljlne s, Ilia iiiiserv wa~i ti\1 e(jiilIIl h lis own ; .11111, carefully burying; it, \ ~itii his own ho-. soi aIhe coon re.-aillwcar'ed atnn h10: ii friends, it shlade haleir andi miore stioiis than before, but. out'.ardly cxli Lii 11o tracie, of tlisallointinlei~t. 1"1111; \\1r: d Ieji eni of uic greait s U r'e of1 tritnl~h ; hut, thoughI she saw\ hill( unsa blued, sire K 11m" hint Ltoo well1 toI d.0ut lt hlt lie Silltle deeply-a ii d this (!Olscioll iiiI*M e1n blt'd her still to) Il he. acejt aine (f M'\r. I 1 ' l5VlI, w ho hl ad 11 I iessel lrher h ~ :ill~ - inflict nljln hnt ; but the delight w\ith whtichi lie rc 'ci cd hoer asent. tilt .j of hlt~ parents at the hatch, anid thle :>,leindi.I 'iiflhlishllictlt. t111L t a iiar ria,;e w1ithi lot W\tIlihI Selire, Wa~is 1111L lI 415 wil I a.l i eitiarkca hly soft :ill-! ill 5n141t I i liatliers, a111l was icar!v 111011 in hove with her, sli 11leI;nhI tsl beit ale to~, ie~ W~Irin ctti e4lic-t!y: she LI efr; 1KIii to forgect tint ,.e \,"a" Ilied !! :.'e' l~~ i! , 1lihIifsvea., sir! litt.'e.-. jlitertt 1)iisliti toI al l4i.~ c0.i ieC1 , Mid sep1t. in a (l'it-taut whirl (,f ''Cii,'. tacif. Iv,c,' i 'I'if i''gtii.Z t hat \"~ rail oidal,;til t' i tlis e- -'h t ) lieVCt 1' ':;tase Ii te c 1'as , y1 r ('l ti" v Ii11 t~ i tho:,t" i i.lya riseil 1quie ha l~no in 11 1her yl~ %.; l,t (ti 11. tit .h, ';imite of devt nIl sh e i,a il L)Ii. It \+i as~ shie"as teve t ,Lsl ofh a'tL ho hvi~ns Iy011 ltiilieic te he .s IrC 's ' : \ -1.l i .iitt ., ri-i sIto-c l her in . , tain:illo tit: tly.t11,, n1!. ttel XI I It1so)t lui S~il It it'.cryv di'in itlgt y-I;;.k rIvelillgcnscn t~ u shin e ( :11 sd% ;tll ;.i1;'. 11 to li I :1lnher :1 )'il t ret tad ginyc hint. :il aslie. frlrlet t he tes s Us - he, thlie hi j\ist"~ ot till Lu tcre .ht wtitll' l th~Iie .1whe~ as' l eav~~r ite' Ther~ c'releosslyu t;tri '' \u\o Illi t cf ''I"C L\s'llihiL tIv i. ltl lt att A eli " ( )ll, tt"l4 i'tt la!'' nai 'ti 1'1 l I Is '\1nt sh le sjIJr, i e rig 'I'l ' II- 't- iIti lL ;il hur riid( up st air;. \\ fail the toilet Was coin ~ltl size agaizi dluseenc(i to thec tailor, whzere irutisbanzd wvas sit U ig reain~zg the lIit\\'pifir, andzi a~s lie shziwe-d Iia)sg,, heL haid yielded, ant! I hzcifbre 'hiess et] Mii a s thzought no(thzing. lhad lut;iied. "'Ai l 0 1hn! Itlok wecll to Iiiht' " ' sIze saiidits hewas Lsr'Isti In hici to) zziii p a.. Il i lt iI, ii hier iurnz. (' hzrni;iitli !(, ' ~ie !" lie z'tjthjeil. "1 a~i uzlz'ii l.lI'v ytii.:jjteuzl ClJiziizg to ytour lov )* 11((21 !"' lint I wvonIz r th fall Clriiie (1(1+ iiiit coice!" saidi F lu'~ ' I cit~e'itd aLtt ' het camri:t ?"' c'xclaiioeii h,"1 zul):l. 11h" Can ryo. wadi :L:j,.,titiih thie aiage ?"iz' olLi ci (iAr sil (.%;t Mr 1. '\Vev'. Toii intl litl it it-ci; t iil heir !"ti~.A c~Iilt tif~ }",) ih.l pm*~~ici se f lii t ll III t 'it, ali t m \a1 '111 hae :tt j p1:11; lire ii~ z'*i~tr ! '' c li 41 i lty I'"! lut.' \i V I \ C a .I. \'i" 'ill ICd tailc+ tv i :t(neo tb .lel the itzor \C' llWl t l an irii n 'rn-I i l:I lto hi r cinii:t :. Inu~.y zzzil Iti itd Iii~i 111th;'-i, ! 'l '"i i' . ! . !t f~ial -i z t ' . M-l r. z, u ci \'t : , iii z n It t")e i eir :1 t i Ii :e A la t i s v l-- lii I- *'tn l ai. si i . t i t Ii ' - - ti I:' ! i --'i i r ii irriii 'ii\ i ' 'i! itiL . , t l~ iiis 3' :I Eri ai ti"l a *r In'thiiig i1) t 171_ :z t . ( : :lle l Ctt theIwith' t 1.1):1it t\\ i (t' e~;. nr I l-.t'i tot Ill Mull' Il ti ;1, : ! in you- t tlttt L:1 tht' n \ ,tii' i t1 t "v't. ii, l v I ltseih" it i i""ii Otti ti e l Wj:111 nty ! t:':" it. wuzllt, uit- I 'iii, h iti wit, jI I .laz lull'-zi :::1' Ii I iii, oilt~ s itl lci~ v. i :u i atttiz I i' h u~uit i.'.-e Butoto l : t iclit-loo i-o t l ulled\ t hiitiitii5 i ;' celzo CI.ti ' IL it i ill tail!i sit: ti'.. Ilitot tihituLiihttti t ti hl; li i-ti l~ -z1, I t: :l:it,iu the iltth-c' ez-z ; (:i jtil i uit wa~r c id i *t n.-I'. al Izt' :te 1:t a: ,I aljiiitlil int the hit.his it -lii itti1',:111li- er g~-..iiiiii stut Itty ii i. lil e h iI I tie " 1: . , i li ' w h,'iez! it 1 li t'I. -i :' a vr it im t I !1i;'ii attul t iii. gut: lit'any' h is -i I i'll il thf u il i; t i:1 tr'; Ii -ri r . s:zz iz i1vuz-u ciuljit ) Si th 'i. :i iu' uzi tint;1. process of melting it down into a liiqid state, viz: that of' water. I contempliate that the earth is en dlowed with the principle of li fe ; that the signs of the life thereof, would be iperceptile to our senses-that is to ;ay, in a latent ctate, were it not t')r the irritation of the sun upon its surfilce ; that, its productions, to wit: the vegitable, and animnal kingdoms as well as thunder, lightning, (ew, wind and rain, are but its signs of life,-the result of the irrit:ation prodneed by so. Iar heat ; and a- evidence ot this pro position. so far as tho polar regions of the gi' ho have been explored, there exists nothing! of the Hint. It is scnsCC ly necessary to Ilentin in this place, the Iatet, that :ttiial and vegetable life, a, well as iiete'rie, and aerial jlehlLoluella. dirnii:lI, from the central lint, tioVarI1dS the poles, until they, at a certain line, entirely cease to exist.. I co!iteiiLate that these produ.ctions alt pheno inIela, are the result of a cer tain 1:w, recognized to be the samale with which, sciencfe is quite famIniliar, in the anirnal anid vegetable eceonomv; : i'l that this law, is the best evidenice to our senses of the existance of' a lprincilple if vitality in the earth. I thereibre. farther contemplate, that tihe i:eeting of tilt icy surface of the glob. was the first. step of the opera t;n of Phe fo:ce of the law ill question. by tray oftI 'rt ati i' for sterner re ,istaliwt' aga^:i:st the power oftlie burn ,g sins. T he tuii ngill of the water .1t", was tile next step. which was nly a Ipreparation for the growth of tegi table and aninial inatter. These ptrocess ,first 3onliiitleed in the re Eitls of the cents:ri. or eg jinuxial line; a: : 'e' d':e: that at one period, thCI.: was b-ut Jittle or no air, greology unhornis us L::::t the fiest, prodnections . '0f the rthl eNistedl, andl Ie-Iniredl for thir e.r t:.i e, but, very little of that, leniieit. '.1 lie sCcond required inore; and so ll, till inl the pleselt geologi. tar 1i oeb, tue liiiy orgaiLed rmarm h, re.nr:e : atmlosphe-e, for their \i.t lance. to e-.tehi tit the Lhei.ht of eilie F0 rty_ eight iniles ~ I titelphiate that the water on the 'il ah te n, :inal . a is 've ) now, di. l:iihinig iin -! : S:unle raithat the S""s'ihere has ben. anti is even now, ilai ng' iit ; that one period of tiune the Ud of watt'r Wias very narrow be tt'ueen t'e N 3ri-11 an.1( lu t I muargins .11f ice ; :1n that ini the salme ratio that the ai w'a; increiamls in tliatity, the llrutii' (f tal: ligi lo'in of the :t' tiil coan Side of the central line, undecr the sons, b~eea1ne slower inl its lIIgres'. in ii snilh as the air, in the rai of its .o''. iii, (alb et, to us it a s arhs tr:niillent) .int out. the fiery lcait :naul light if the sun ; vet still, I inttnp:late that the :,t;, will continue to expatil tile so!idi inatter of the caith : l :ill Ie planes, tirst, into a liquid an.u th;n into a ga nsi '11 stalt', nhtil :ta ;1 n 1:t hi l ; t- will~ lo-re hee 1:a-s, af al taii worlds in the arcliet 1:11ivtr -. The IjIrticc'ss is slow anj i 3rgr'.'irt. A tler the twater is all r.:n ertedl into air, this air will becomne aunen:uated! by degrees, moreit and moure, a:l I n Hl, te entually, bect:ne unfit to u-i tain aiinial andil vegetable life. aiiimalia will dteenlirate deuwi in the .seale ot' zoophiitie existan;,ce ; then 3 lidi giran i te itsel. 1..and all the liintv liuon'en'.'c"m t e tint' tihe csib iited e:-rth,' wi, byV tihesame stai~, wich, illi, byi the samiie pro~cess, a~nmino tile ga:sseoe.4 aintl w'ill ev.enitu. ally i 1121 the spacne of' P,000,000 of milets--thje <11istan'e'rom our' globe to te slit. Whai!t powert i'Wll thlen t wirli ihithia mi'hlty nebIuloits malss of1 mat ha.it, in:to worLilds, is head wor ~ k fo the So. onehtl ini the firmi of pr'elimninary rtemgark:, e~ssetianl, I itn nlr to at tempj t htot':iswer:s to the fol lo.in lg geologi. eal I itecrro gaitoies li(propoundeld, aind ha~ve neveri~i been ainswaeredl ; at least, have ne'ver' been satisthetorily'i. Qia.ui I. WVhat i~s the causc of' Ass\'w iu. On'i a principle of Natal ra1f Il 'iosophyi~, heal ex painds all blies ; awi' as fire. ('n 13ne side of' a kett le couta:ining water, formis a curre'nt ofi thei s ame therecin, (i. e.) makes the kettIeI boih, to use a morei' domestic phae;the ia/,us' oper'andi of' wichu is, aliterte.ihi expanlisioni of' the watery itoleen h's 3on thle side of thle kettle lit'.t 132 ile tIre ; thus , loicoiiotting and onl the waat eir ml ltrgioni (of tihe equi no,<h , ill like mannh~ler, 1ihrm1 a eur-' r'ent. I'hi is en1 r rent is~ imp) ercLeptablle, Ce.\eept w'en i iomie impedutimencit, like the NorIth A Iaer'it'anoti nen.i~iitlt, con eenItratie-, its fo, and~111( tereby maikes it v'isib!e. If thle ca3.1st A of(Cntral imdi North A 9iet!ila a:s well ais ail thc W\Tit In. lei:t it-Ilh Aithimtie fie. iin fil ei.) bability, the gulf stream would never hIve been heard of, much less laid down in our charts; for those coasts, and islands, do concentrate the entire cur rent of the vast Atlantic Ocean, into one snall stream, some three hundred males in breadth becoming visible in the gulf of Mexico, and traversing the coast of North America til it re-iches Norway, whence repulsed by the Scandianican coasts, it turns North west towards Greenland, and dies away in the North ocean. Time was, when this same Gulf stream, passed over this continent de positintg in the middle and northern states, vast quantities of vegetable matter from the mouths of'great riv ers, in tropical continents, to be form ed into coal by the process of sponta acous combustion, and on its return from the.Northern hemisphere, brought ice bergis, studed with rich jewels, and bowlders, which were deposited in its course. The stream, I contemplate, was then imperceptible. I deem it needless to illustrate, by any farther fatmiliar example, o:, the piinciple of Natural philosophy, the theory in question, to w it: oceanic currents; since it. may readily be conceived to be, as an axiom, already demonstra ted (i. e.) denonistrates itself. QueroN, If. Why are bowlders Ilund, inavariabl-, as seemingly hav ing drifted in icebergs in a direction, fronia the poles towar ds the equator ? Arnsw-:u. IBowlders, in icebergs, f'llowed the current which now run deep and powerful, being composed of cotdensed tohlecules, invariably, from North, towards the equator, un less thrown out of its course by con tilnenits or islands. In the early peri ods, the wind had no influence on the course of the drift, inl as much as there was bit little air, hence it is, their direction was less deviating thatn that of the icebergs of the present day in the Northern ocean. Qt.s-ros, Ill, - Why are boulders not found near the Equinoxial line ? A.1 s: Ti m l . hn h u had not mlncted down the ice so far on either side of the Equinox, but that the water, or ocean was quite narrow; so it is evident enough that the cur rent, at, that time, was more rapid, and so it follows that icebergs rode in it, quite to the equinoxial line, and re turned again towards the poles, with out having had tiine to melt, and de po-it their contents, to wit : bowlders &e., until they raive, on their return, to within a certain distance from the eptiator. Ques-raos, IV. low did tropical ani mals and plants ever find their way to Lngland and Frt ne.', and to the liozed regions of Siberia ? AxswEaR. The icebergs, in all pro hility were much larger, at the peri od of time, in whieb, the North and South margins of ice, or the frozen regions, v ere nearer the equinox ; and thme crrent being. thence more rapid in its mto tio'n, these islandc of ice, Gould have floated to tropical lands, and may have run into the mouths of great riv ers, and have been wedged up there for a short lime, so that immense quanltities of plants, branches, and so lorth, besides, elephants, rhinocerross es, and c:ery l:ind of tropical animals may have collected and congregated upon them ; and so soon as they be. come loese by tliminaishing in size, fronm the heat. of' the vertical simn melt. ing themi, lie current may have taken them Northaward, and deposi ted them in t he amutd, int Enugland and in Francce. It was buat seldomt thast Cuvier found tan enati re skeleton ; there was nothing t.hinost, but a heterogenions mass ci hones. The deposit ini Siberia, i tap. pears, va's of miore recent date, in as mu Ich as, 1st. Siberia is furtherci from the equinox. 2nad. the animuals are (manya') still in a state of' preservation. I coantenmplate that the deposits in Franace andl England, ait one period of timen., to wvit: whlen it was as cold as t now is ia Sibleria, could have also bevrn fotund in a state of preservation. Teeare very few deposits in Si. beri, ini compfarison to thec immense quatity found in f'rance and int Eng Uind. I his 1 contemplate, is owiung to the circumtstaincetof the latter Coutieis beinag situated ntearer to the tropical regions, thian the formero, anid hence more convenment, depositorie. I amii awvare that it, is the opinaion of many geologists, thant the tropical de. posits ini England and in France gene rated tad flourished~ therae; hut there is no evidlence of this, onily that such renanins are found there. .Some, the, Ilhyena, f'or instance, may have out. lived others andi preyed upon their. dlead bodies ; butt there is no evidence that, the elimtate wias congenial to themi.. Astronomy, and dbmmn sense scofT at the idea, viz thant the poles of tile globhe have been shilled. QutEmToW, V. .it is a question with geologists whether ther coal -ladela, sot abnlttdantly dlistribuoted .over the. globe, weretha deposits of' drift,.or othet wise ; rherefbra in whmat manne were they formed ? ANswnI. The current'of the ocean hitherto, by geologists, and geograph ists, are supposed to be produced and influenced alone by the winds.. They appear not to be aware, or to suspect that the currents have their. origin in. the espandiug heat of the tropical sut, and this is the reason why the drjft formations present so many pheiomue na, to them, that are ntterly 1icrm prehensible. The current running from the equa: tor towards the poles was composed of light and expanded- water ;.and the drift of the current was co'mposed, in, Coto, of light vegetable matter, in la, mellated and regular masses, deid of all foreign substances, (i.e.) snb stances whose sptcifio gravity would cause thetn to sink-and now constie = tutee the coal beds whithersoever they were deposited. The other :eurreu ran from the poles towards the equa tor, and was composed of heavy water; and the drift that followed this current, was for the most part underneath' the surlfce of the water and was composed of icebergs, containing the various me talic substances, bowlders, conglome rate &c. Huge masses of this -kind, riding in the current, uidernath-the surface of the ocean, would'ascend the sides of high mountains, grate <n' their flinty pinaoles and crags, rull-over, d scend, and then go onward in their course. : . Lyell, Richardson, "dd others, esup' posed that from the perfect and unbro-' ken state of preservation inawhieh many species of tender bulls and limbs of plants aire found, in the cohl bed; they are not accumulated on the' prinh ciple of the drift formstion; 'and Rich. ardson states, as farther objection to the drift principle, that "the-coal in t hat case would have been mixed withi foreign substances, whick is not'the' liet" "tho uniform thickness of-ea'ch coal enn (wonulers of Geologyby the author of Pet Par) presents anothei ifgtae- bein-g washed.away, the, vegetable matter deposited, woukd' have been found disposed., in unequal. layers, heaps, and hillocks,' which is fhr from being the fsct. .tlhe great. ness two, of many -of the seams, for bHls the suppesiion of so violent ad, tion as that which the drift theory sup. poses. The enormous depths of many. of tihe seams is likewise considered an insurmountable objection." In our ignorance of the.cause of the oceanic current; and thence- our. ignor ance of the fact, to wit: that there are tr.o kinds of drift very difrerent from each other in all their aspects and characteristics, and having for..their cause of differenco, ...the, diffre 'nce in. . -. the' currents. nell - may we raise up in superable objections.to the Drift origin - of the coal formaticus, rest quietly in ignorance on.them,. (which --is: worse than ignorance) conchde that the earth, had received at one time or another, a., most immaculate pelting, and: turn over on the wrong side, in o that we might aceount for the imn-,uta- . be state of the preservation of- tropi - cal elephants, fruits,. buds, and bogghs of Sigillitrae Stigmariae, and othe spe cies of vegeta matter in coal dams,. and in the frozen regions of iorthern climes. Whoever has been a fisherman or a~ hog-minder, in Santee swamp, . or. (perhaps) almost any other swamp,. after a freshet, in all probability, may have had "oeular demonstrations" of the principle of the deposits of trash, flakes. There are na brick. bats, or. , "foreign s'ibstances" in these layers and there is as much uniformity in their thickness, as i~n thie coalbeds. generally. We fi~id acor,ns, lileuy nutts, crab apples, piiipkins,-buds, and branches of trees, delicate in texture, yet unbruised by the violenco of the de ift principle. Another objection (they tell-us) to the drif, theory, is that clusters of talt forest treps, standing erect as they 9, grew, mi a.statie of coal arc found.(per haps) in England., They might. as, well t611. ns that the char-coal, which our bhiek smiths use in their:.. f orges,. and~ make themselves, is anothei-ob jectitn to tho Drift, theory. hiany deposits of vdget~l liatter, by the ranified current, .a4 aelltion, whiqh in this..place, I findaicessary to . coin, may have b~een made i~ceta~ valleys amidst theoforest treso tha in process of time, the tops of the te may have been cu'yered.; antheZh process of spontaucons.cibuto may have begun, and covarted the en tire manss into coal.- Tis ~prooess might (it is tiota-Vyy great stretch of, imaglnaion-to coniceive ii) go on in Santee Swar~ap, or. any otheravsamp, wore it not for the&. freqtient- r~petition of the freshot.s.. Su the answer tio the question before me, is that the matter which formed the coal beds in vari parts of the b~owels of the earth, drin ed im ino flakes, from the centra hmi