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fin"'h, -i V 1~. *, A 1* ,me & -~~~"~~ *.' A~~ 'J ':. R~:r ) .~ 'A. - A EA 4' ~ ... ' b hA r bill I)heTW#36'il viii D ch rNd -t 'h 0-* y Oa' 4 seig *uarteriQt om iet Ches i'doas (6de6-ti bd itu inothlydIthe <o asaw oi e O.t -:For'pulish~ali g(tuain itelaw dletlitreo dollars tsillbo' carged,' 0% All Obi r1 lotce elgl ,i'apd iee.!:? et. es2 ng E sons, witrA s~ent rsnte o r lyaanti@)o1% 01,l -All ;ett~r lay~mi must be u paid to insure a -h-From the Peneton Muaeen'r T oMr. ct une O i.n t i cueral -~ & Tket -jtn 7c ; - . onr Hl:aai . , o . 1840. GxCIVtPed l-m i theorecei. tEatyrnote of the 14th It an wdhefa cl.ress a ceaireo in ha any views in relition tothe "prososed change in ur i-itat Connsitutlont in referene to the Election or the Presidernt and-Vice Pr~a'sint."in compina witha yirsur I erefii' elatone' a coiimunication, in which theyariefly asketch'ed.: To have dn full ju~ien rtorenco heltnany and important ltuehtion nolvled -in ihesau ject, would l.ave nmade ay commsanicaion toirohix. I have given iL tho'pi-esont shape, ra her thei ha'of a oraleterin reply to your note. I~caust{ ii left me at lila ejty to airange:ny vienws in coniirmai sy to the orde lich the subjecta requ.red. W, th great respect; I atus i&O. '!nc. &e. - J.C. GA LFOUN Messre. Jame L. OrrWillia n Sloan, A. I'inA naid F. W. S b miaes. It woul seem fromt the . public prints, 1hat at nlage iajorityer nce Wths, hao arei - p,"aed to change the-:greaaenat a.dLae of-map Ptintitg electors 7nf Preatident 'rd Vice Presidealit of ten' United sta'tes,' arc in Cu votr of a general ticke, iy lieu of te pre Nenit 't M e oaf appoainting'1eitnkby the Leg i'laatture. Thelay rest their opposhtion to. tihe latter, and supprA of the forrmer, ont th broald ritpi, that sall pow'er belongasto itte People; that they 'should exercise it directly, wiitoti the:inmervention of any ilnrdiedite agency, whenever they can properly do so, and that wenever thy car st exercise at, It wvund be an actror Itsuorpaion.ont the iart of the Goverment tolaihohl it. - Frem tithe tihey cotncndltae, that thie powe erT of appetintinig clectors shioutldl be given' oa the p.oTile directly: and that the ode of appoitintag abudh bhtat elect thiem by Sgenterail tic!ket. Ti foue, on the contrary. .whn are'ocapised to Ilat prna eeI udi chae nge, a ear the mode i,raaposed to 'he sagharittntei itt hien of the present, adinii tte parincipah; but deny.that itiwould give tihe npnin it toa the peolti tho l(tet them bay a general ticket; or thait it wouald, they could proa petroyexercisc it in thist casen. The'diffirenace then, betweeni themo is vedn soed t) two quaesltions; Weouild ac' adltion ohf the geaern tt ck gige theo powe'r to the peopiie iu realio fiyte piiti 4eertral And, if it wohhe is hal -/' a ^se, in which it could he properly-exercielf On their decjision, it Is manfe;t, the treprilty af adnpring the genera ticket mut ae'nda. Jf Ciet sholl tipa ear on inveistigationg, that it wotild not in f'arm oanly. btut ini trutha give the poiv er directly to the people, iad thut they might excreise it, wiiut distiig, or linjurltal ffieetinag tel state, in its C. derni orlaiteraor reigtians, thlen it might wsitih proprleial eMdopted. - at if the cona. trary sitould apiar, in either of the cases, thena it couldnti Thus far, there can be sao dhifeece iffdopimno. As (n1di 'the : thee, taiking the pro. foundestjinte~st li whlate-ver .maay htuch the libea' r irb rltil ihestateIithaive ves'taged thestr qetnts ti ile' it altho g t an, fi.r the guidhanen of'my' >di at'l have come to the concittshior e) rse-a 'to the general ticket ~in r ofereneei Nih questbimns. Then inv'estigoaon.s Uia.de a eep imnpressiln on me that 's erar iving the powyer to the pqtig et ,e 1 2e'3ae tmust efi aI way' tilat gotmar. oil taf d that ihm of itah not in 114 mi0'4'it to parti agera arnd eliqtnesd sat it it Wyere pp's sible to oveorne tifat '~ection," It 'ought ntot still~t9 be adopted, be'caui .v~oualdl deegaly9d1stutb andl h''uarhioashy: ffecti.the ptate hn i federal andli tehor regations; It, piGW2IrEjes~f~gin'forna ance'witha yqtur re. siedstate the reason% Wich baae brotdglim o thii~ee onetuisih,; which I sehillne iprocaed to do' withiout further re gna rks. ' 7 The first and Eria obje.cilon ;o a gent oral tlekit is, 'that where roeny are to eheck many',' especlhily ovar a Iagge exent of country wit des nof it ae, onsttttulegh eleetion, bits is & merf dehucidn,.unedeserv ingthogiaine. "Th asoani lin -the first . pia.eesit at I iar. ijinjoIlbj fora tihe great bodly 'of thd votert lbes g add by ethilr inldial knibw~aig Igin ~aedtng.;lie have d)siteseithe rio ner nai (toquaintante sign Man hW crJjinar i e ras iI t 'iid ate therea mnitifrel a'inarr hequa to.. (0 ld1iber notds umdgRaresenalfve&, t59 wlmu1h ti alae may bi 4 entitle J Q r7 Wes" It . es ihet " ie resen ,lis I Rbe apport:iq:ed arn~o g~aeverol statiis-r -ie hers,iihlIhshala be, etenIns by ading iithe wvhlnumber of fre person, INu ding thostbound to serve fornd' rrm of *years, -and excluding Ihdjasnot taxed, three fifths'of all ether pegsoiis."' t fallutvs frta, thes the federal nt nbers * pf.'visionhodilt stes, andconisetently their relative right lthe House of Representatives aimd tihe electoral College, and through: 6em, init e federai~over iment, 4depende-mrs orless-, on theirespe .ive slave popClain s1hit of hisstate depends 0n.,it more than-on aty other, because she has th greatest nuimber in 4opoion of this ie serspitoni of-Pop~ulationm. Its federal n'uni. ber by tihe present. census is 403,582. Of which the free population maekes267,360; and Its slave population 1, 222.-its ag gregate federal ptfffber, divided ' betweer theluwerand thu tipper country,- would give to the .former246,80, and to the Ha. ter 1l7,402, and a corresponding gxcess to the low er over tie upper n the weight of the state .i the F e government. But their respectivewdigh is very une fuully affctie byrtir slave population in consequence of its very unequal distri bution between'the twvo divisions.. Of the 196,222, which the slave pi)pUlation adds to the federali4dht of thme state; the upper divisiont -'adds hut 60,408 while. the' lower adds i3,8I4 ~bein~ more than. 2 to one natle j .art'of.thelatter. The case is the revere in referehee to thm num her (246,180) which thes free poputaiiori adds, or that the lower division adds but 10366 ag ainst 150,994. wihibb. thb:upp'i adds. These estimates ar itroughout bas ed on districts; all, lying in'the portion of the state belwo the fallsof theriver s, wVhil l or principally are included in the l.oer ivision, and those above, in like anrner; in the upper. Nowv as the voters consist entirely of tie free population, and t the number of voters in t, respetive divisions is probably vB'rynearly Inpropfortion to their respec Live free popuation, it is manilest, should the general ticket be ado ted,. that te up. per2 division, which. gis the state less weightin the federal goverr.mtenhan the lower, wold have deckledly the pow'er o controlliig'thie appintment of electors, in cosequence of having a decided majority of vnters. r a mode of appoi(4ting, which would ieal.- to such a rest t wvo'ld be -neither fair norjust towards the lower division, no one who has any regard to equity or justice will denyi. Ifsi do not greatly- mistake, the up. her country has too dee f a settse of bol.h to rish it, evni i it had the power; lnd if ii had and should attempt to lxerise it, the lower has to much spirit to irquie ce in it. But thatnks to the ju~sice..and \vls tho of our state Convention, neither of tihe divisions his the power to encroach on the just rights of lme other. It hassecured to each thie power to protect itself; so that neither can oppress or itjure the other, sheould it desie it. If, thei, one or the ofther ithould suffer by time acts of the g ernment of the state, the fault wil.be its own,-its wu'ant of sufficient intelligence to unrderstanid its rigt' and sits 4lnterest, or sufficient spirit to defend them. To show het - his has beetn done, an im b ' thradop. ii.... of the general ticket woni jstifrb and endanger tIe compromise, by V.hich it ha been effected, remaiisnext to heliscusse. its discussion. 6ill rquire a briesf prelimni inmysketch of time origin atid settlement of the-state, as far as they have a bearing onm establishing time compromise betveen the two divisions,'ith thie cauises which led to it, nd its character and the effect onthe p.litics tf the sinte. Our'state was first settled or) time coast by emigranits principally from Enghlant, but with nmeinrolisiderable intermjxtture of Hugtienots from France. -As the fornier wvere fof the most..pmart of the chtmchlkof Emigland, thme tier of co~unties (nowv called Distriets) settledi by -them along the coatt wee dividedl into Parishes; and they were matde tihe fotintdation tufthe political organ izta'lion tof the colony,-and, since the Rtevo lntion, of that portion of the state. &. The portion-of the state-along thie~falls of thoe'rivers and back to the nionnains lyd..a very dlifi'erent origin and settleinenqt. hto settlement cotmmenced lon'g after, at~ a efyiod, but little anterior to ihe watr. or rihe - olutiun, andi consistedi yrincipally of y'nt on. coa Ltl atel thaWIM the g ernt an Ju'dges ga ~ n~itd sheI xect evoandu~~t tihewholago0vernet~. pn uliati.un, weaalila and nuhgac~gt oilier pOrti of tet a of 4ings .alfoni c leading toaisContent and -uflL :.~ Thle fomeraoin allewd ta a c et ntmenced witimna tu e ai1plion. of the Od nstwb*i w -onhin eedw MDJ7/'then the ailiation and diseril~~ so sscresed, that sisiblo me oiohusiMc beciae satshe ti the~~~~~ c2n -e mub"lsdI. s or ingly termina ted, not biya sreder d i either side. hut by.B -eoapr -,it pieced jhe iviparies on grudsde pdlitical equalty the only y W such confliclever can be saifactorilyan perinanenthy adjged. I'benoIalld of the s Pnate, asait stood co ngn from each election Dis~retael t diiturbed, bhichj I eld udh1ste mtent .on the co a pu'siessln'of thqoi trob uf that braicihs f h Legisbtt'rely reason of its Parish repreuena~iina'.. give an etqual coprolin th'H uie of pre'sentatived to the mnord new set portion in the interior. ws a mUr task. It wvas accomnplished,.'hd~evr, by allig A.that bra'nehofte inture 124 m m'tners, .of.IahichaQ27 were assig io the, white pplaion, anf.62 ii s trn.A censuswias drcehelt crri e y aron. i ecstim t h beirf st ie antaftimae fitde eech oen. amot h oe le dbd preceding yearua.: The number oh'iR ero setattives allowed to eh dtsuiciio:lle apportloned to the two with ihe'poviii that each districi ui nid haveb .ieast,*une andif there shouldI be. e!ficiencei si tihet number, .one to be a'd Jd u# he'districts having the greates; .fractions. uaijjjw whole should make 124. 13y this cenip nie arrangemeesgt, not only an equel ceitioh W secured to the more'recenty ih r of ion i thie Statein "teAouse of ep sentatce, but an efeictuRnl provisin ma de againt unequal antid ppresI umaking taxauion ani elemenf Iih the. scitaion of the i. I*s aegj asIt be to increasethe i kbeo ,Rie esent lives from the rrtlon of thae in dtaduy tuXd,just In pr ooblio ro 'the cess of its taixe, and thereby increase in the Sarry paroportion Its weight is th louse, ,der the next'aplijttonenTl1%se wvise ljr'.viaioniv, by irequir ng (he cner and joint consent o tho't" gonrtin two inrtiols of.the stat#Iinen phlcedh them on g ouinha9jir'qfJ mn she L i r d power of eei g ari esil.q, in everjepar l . . g .verum n.t; Each fiavahng tius a negapsve 43n the-oi erL ont all the acts of the goverim~ent , posses. sea the power. of ps'otecling itaeff aguinst the injustice- and OPpression' of the oilier Thus the government, ceased to beh$ exclusive organ of one portione of fihtite; not by becomingth1lie organ ofjipth er, but the concurrer aid joini -ran oM both, and therehy .the~tgre ,ifa ~foi lIe presenttive of the whole sra'e. IThis for-nate 'comp rolnie thiuate th~e conflict whichrhadysn1o Isi di ihlwl a6 agitatedt the agIte. Sobermpletely did ilt cnee it, thitlfrom ite adoption sui thfi nthe. period of almo's 14.-y ay 1al localdivl ions and partida .1aWngoi a tihim, hav entirely teased.'. T'ire ij per add lout". country areOf no' lone 'rnled forl ptiiai discord and gitaii lie'st heet blessed with an fsy 4 teg freedom from paries altogether wrhoa exmpo ii any other member of the nism Nair pfefireetbeen les hiar py r. fere tb hei r In' eral itjan her Iblnttii relai t To it, e ow'es, ad -agreii. measure, her weight, hig character angI stalding in the union, which, as inn"!sid' rable ase she is inextent of terr :itry nf poptulaotion, places her on 4 l'vel'ini igpu. ence, iththe m argset and must populopiso its mieptheru. Destroy this just and t Vs' ciprs by giving to 2ither'alu to rep in the governmdtitt Of9 " "adn , woejiube reveasedl. 'A Dt48rdi str a ap partiea and'fact'otns,M vl i l heir mach ne and deorav izhng got'iseienlewyl~ follow, and sink her fair below tilel sh1atlo-v oeeopI-s. Tha tat1 getaie t~k p.~~ 4.1P~ V: -Z av ~ ~ e I 4 . frer I Inn 4 Ia. I a -'A 1 , ci vj i nW r en RAII 'F. a 'Fig,~ ~ ~ 1:1',.1IN Gna nant UA Lw oitis dllTn Sme ira ea f pir te P4iaii A its; c LaImeei a ree T; 14.~ A h darnesijb i O im- Ni its an'diiirt ra b~ ren c I" ' it a ets tlai 10" iff" uyblet e-Ing it -q 41 It -tin nin V)t o ;7N.4 legl VoeY'~a1~I~r n dend an electin bva es lktc~t' Vate fur ilaE New, I hdhi tio nios 1hetinteihg ee o i ~r;oit,~~h~ ss f the to ,rm uwn ignowled eirhoegpe'onai orb reputtuiine',f hi uIp rsns, tde electo9s dfuly litribisted er't v'rio, yis ho hiny he f li-ly consied seately. as to liresetiting the voice IIIe verai otina in which. teye, tresid, " n Th ~ice -oft te wIgle s*a~ e ee, I iht rakea far m'oe reiici p ioi talirr w'ithi traith, not only,,tl 'fie r fmassf voters haive not thie lknoaviedige to diske ont it'chm u ticketfor themselves, b'uttht een the most intelligent ,and listin e'd, wofild be at ales. to dlo it.B C< ':iBut~wai ving tbis diffidutty, and admittling, tiiit they -havo muiicient inteliieneto imake uit each' a satisfactory ticket, for him-i self, the other ohjectionj, niot less -difficolt, woulId remain to b~ stin'mnnted lipiti is' the seattering wvould beso geat, that the rinult, as to who might recei've a. iu'rality of votes and be eledted,wouild be a ;mere accident, and no indication ofthe vhice of the state. Thie diversity of opinion as to the qualification ant stiiaVle'bless, awould be as great, alimos ta thi number f vpters. Few tickets wouls inve the sane n ne nnD thieni, and the great body of the ets, would b disappointed tind dissatisfied with the result. : It would be impossible for beh a state .f things long to contline. 'The first con. veqiteng would be for- a. few prominent tud inluential individual t ntrint' icret concert, . fcnt.ct L elinto. whici tie not bee veryti, exit ensin-, whff'jn. thessatering would bi s- gretat. The nex te dibe, for otherstgenle e intolke roncert toi defeat them;~and aily there would growv out of this site'uof thui:Igg two parties, wlith nll the usualietiiahinery, of couesaS, conventions, cliqtes. cique. anagers -to eqn rol tlie election. ihe wile wvould be put :into active operation very four years, ont the approach of the Presidential el'ction, aild.eacleparty ,Would nake u a rull ticket b what wvoul be ,alled a staite convention, and any voter, visethier lie approve of it or not woutldlhave i Vote for one or thother, or to throw woy his vote on a ticket, formed without :Incert, and which would have no -chance ,f.success. I ~is thus, lby the-o nperationof ca uses grow ug out of the very na ture sof a' general ichet, it .wouhl, if it shoauld be adopted, nud in delusion. Iastead of givin~g the ei etion, dliretly tg the people, as its suppor ers assumeg , it would dli-est athenm of it, s place it under the control- of interme ate and irresponsitble cliques ad politic I mnagerj, as certaisnly as It is adopted. rieht ever his aird ntiest '. Its result' and h' t by laws,as utuifoerm ani certain in thie norld'world, as gravitauitn is in thepho ta l.. But setting aside this'obiijection, and as uing that the great mass of the voters of he state are sullicienti- inteligent and veIl infoormcd, each to form a ticket for imself, and tat-their Votes could ail woays ie sufiientuly incentrated, wihout the ovtefenone o parther, to secure mwajy ofvte oatice formed nieheoec ors, there would stilhremain an insupera le reasoat against adlopting it; because, as atated, it would disturb.and injurioeuviy af ect the state, both in ifeaderal and inte aior relaions. -To be.,rpiore -explicit, it e51i-ld t hie just or diir regarding the ta tl in its federal relations, betwveen ois' wo great divisioits, tihe iupper and the lw: r country; naid that regarded in its interior elations, it would be caiculited to disturb md'ensetiger the comeromisr., as estalish. ad by th. costilrtutioin be tveen themot, as I shall next procewed to shtow. Blefore entering on the discussion of this tortiont of-Ihe subject, it wviii he proper to 're'mise, titat our state is divided by a ve'll lefinedl JIne, into two great psortiomns or il eiisgip which are strongly sdistingutishedl by hei eog raiphical features;, the character. f their produtitons and population,' anid he origin of their iunhabitans and miinner af settlement,, Of these,- one extenal from thle seacoast o th e fails of the great rivers and1( is called hehlower country;- anid tb,e -othserixtinds hence to the mounlains,'a'nd is called' ti e tpper~country. .th. They consatitt rnpt only tetwo geat Ieographical, bnt also the (vo great psliti 'al.ilivisiotns of the utittori which Its p'oi trsal fabrick rests: . I,'~aslng oiver, the Wther-' features, whice listinguish thiem, th~r are t Wo w bic.piif *heirj a m rtant bearing an'the polrits tlp ler con iderntrfan tqun,d. parti:,..l..'