University of South Carolina Libraries
Columbia Advertisements. Large Opening! AT THE Popular & Low-price Dry Ms Hoe OF W. D. LOVE 8L CO., COLUMBIA, S. 0. WE ARE PREPARED TOJSIIOW A FULL line of Fall and Winte- Goods, selected with great caro for this ma et in now and choice styles, bought of tho best houses at low prioes. Oar salesmen arc polito and attentive, and Will take great pleasure in showing customers full lines of the newest goods. Our Dry Goods comprise Silks, Poplin9, Valour de Parie, E'Panglines, Chatties, Mohairs, Alpaceas, Bombazines, Tannic Cloth, DcLaines and all the other makes of ncw^and desirable goods made for this season. We keep a large assortment of Prints, Ilomegpuns, Checks, Strips, Tickings, Linscys, Jeans, Tweeds, Cassimores and Cloths c.t prices to suit all* We have a fall line of new and dosirablo goods in Carpets, Rugs, Carriage Blankets, Bed Blankets, Shawls, Cloaks, Jackets, Sacks and Backing, Hosiery, Gloves, Merino and Silk Underwear, Ladies' White Undergs.rments, madoin the best manner of fine material. Our stock of Linen Table Damasks, Napkins, Doylies, Towels, Linens, Linen and Cotton Sheeting and Shirtings comprise the most popular makes in these goods. Housekeepers can save money by sending us their orders or examining our stock when in town. We hare the best assortment of Whito Shirts in the State, together with a full lino of Cravats, Ties and Bows, Linen collars and Cuffs for Ladies and Gonta,inullthenen shapes. Whito goods all makes and qualities. Ladies' Fancy Silk Beekties in all the new colors. The Lace and Embroidery Departments are deplenished daily with the latest novelties. A full line of Cotton, Wool and Opera Flan els. All widths and colors of Ribbons in Taffota, Gro Grain and Velvet. Dress Trimmings and Buttons, any conceivatle style and color. Our Wholesale Department is full of goods seeded by all the country storekeepers. Agents for tho Empire Sewing Machine, one of the best made' We do not advertise to misload tho public, but to let them know where to get good goods at the lowest prices. We invite all to inspect our stock when in town, or send us your orders, which will havo our best attention. We only keep the best makes of goods, and have but ONE PRICE. Samples sent by mail. W. B. LOVE ?fc CO., Columbia Hotel Building, Main st., Columbia. vr. D. LOVE, B. B. MoCREERY. sept 21-Cm COLUMBIA Clothing and Hat House OF R. & W. 0, SWAPFIELD, fllHE largest and most desirable stock ovor, ? X seen in this market. Our Bemiy-Matlc Goods this Fall equal to tho best Custom Work of New York. HATS of Unlimited Styles. SHIRTS Warranted to Fit. SCARFS and TIES in Endlesa Variety. Tho "Knobliest" line of French Cassimeres TTo hare erer han'dlod ; and ns ihey are beginning to go sustomers will do well to call and make their selection and haYo them Made to Order In a stylo unsurpassed. E. & W. C. 6WAFFIELD. sept 21-3m DRY GOODS! BOOTS AND SHOES, # 10 i MILLINERY & DRESS-MAKING, WITE ALL TEE Usual Detail Branches. ... WE are determined to mako it to the interest ftho actual saving of money) of every one to aeal with us, E, O. SHIVER & CO., , COLUMBIA, S. C. r" ' fcuglO?till j an 1 - TAMELY GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, Wines, liquors, &c. 82 60 dage Rio, Lagulra and Java Coffees. s<j| |00 Barrels Refined Sugars. u > .. 1 500 ttn<1 Medium Flour. * aaa Packages 1, 2 and 8 Mackerel, new, in ' ' iCW kitts, quarter, half and wholo barrels. . aaa Cases Canned Goods, meat, fish, fruit and vegetables. Baskets imported Chcmpage, together with a largo stock of choice Mines ank Jdqu rs, Segars, &c. BDW'D SCOPES, I nov 2-2m COLUMBIA, S. 0. j I Columbia Advertisements. GEORGE TUPPER, BROKER, ? Real Estate aid Insurance Agent,' ortioi over w. o. nensR'fl erco btobh, OPPOSITE COLUMBIA HOTEL, ' MAIN ST., COLUMBIA, S. C. aug 1?ly in1! fcJo f/^V|f OCTAGON ROSE! 00 FINISH v / Metallic lturial Cases. AIR-TIGHT and INDESTRUCTABLE for PROTECTING AND PRESERVING THE DEAD. Tho subscriber keeps tbe above oelebrated CASES on hand, which, for durability, neatnoss and finish connot be'surpassed. These are air and watertight, therefore will preserve the body for a long time, which have been proven by a number of Undertakers North and South. They cost but little, if any moro than well made Walnut or Mahoguny Coffins. ALSO On hand, a complete assortment of WOODEN COFFINS, Lined and Unlined, Stained and Varnished, or covered. Handles and Trimmings to suit and < at priocs to suit tho circumstances of all R. J. McCltEIGHT, Undertaker. March 16.12m. . BELTING , FOR nOTTON GINS And other machinery. Also an improTed article of LAOE LEATHER. For sale by GEO. ALDEN, Agent. . ftug 17-tf. j BITTERS, The most delightful Tonic known. j lmpcrlect ingestion i ? 1 Cured by Sumter Biltcre. J jLost Appetite 1 ltcstored by Sumter Bitters. / ( Bodily Waakncss ") Cured by Sumter Bitters; / / CIIILLS AND F12VJSK, \ ^ Prevented by Sumter Bitters. J i f Female Complaints \ \ ltelievcd by Sumter Bitters, j J Nervous Diseases \ \ Cured by Sumter BitterB. J ( Recommended by the highest _ > \ medical authority in the State. J (This popular Tonic and delightful Beverage 1 is for sale by Druggists' jand Grocers. J " DOWIE. MOLSE & DAYIS, 7 Proprietors, And Wholesale Druggists, Charleston, S. C. F. L. ZEMP, Agent for Camden. May 25. ly? SOUTH CAROLINA RAIL ROAD. ntimv.v mi A \'rn. On and after Monday, Dec. the 25th., 1871 tho . Schedule of the Camden train will bo as follows; running through to Columbia ou Mondays, Wed- ' nesdays and Saturdays: Leave Camden at 6 15 A. M. Arrive at Columbia at 10 40 A. M. ' Leavo Columbia at 1 4o P. M. ' Arrive at Camden at 6 25 P. M. ( By order of tho Vice-President. A. B. DeSAUSSURE Agent. Camden Dec. 28d, 1871. GRIFFIN, GREEN & CO., Cotton Factors, AND General Commission Merchants, No. 122 Pearl Street, N. T, P. 0. Box 6813. - i Advances made on Cotton, Naval Stores, &c. Two-thirds of value advanced on cotton to be held, and only 7 per cent, interest charged. No charge for purchasing goods for shippers, nov 23-4mos. Pure lieaf JLard, SUGAR, COFFEE AND MOLASSES, for sale , by D. 0. KIRKLEY, Agt. J Kn ii 2111 ah dt Cranberries. FRESH AND NICE. For sale by D. 0. KIRKLEY, Agt. Selling Off At Cost! TN orderjto reduce my stock I will sell at COST prices the following goods: A fulMine of Crockery, China, Plates of all sizes, &c., &c. Hardware, Spiders, OvenB and Lids, of all sizes, Pitchforks, Hayforks; Shovels, Spades, of all descriptions ; Well Wheels, Smoothing Irons, Plow and Tire Iron, Hames, Parlor, Door, Staple and Plate Locks, Carpenters' Tools, Augers, Pits and Braces, Squares and Compasses, Rules, Nails, Brads, &o. A Lot of Saddles, Blind and Riding Bridles, McLollan tree and Ladies' Saddles. A lot of asAvos? fiuns. Sinele and Doudle, Pis " "*; ; -to tols, &o. A lot of Tin-ware, Strainers, Colfee-pots, Milk-pans, Milk-pails, Ac. Also, a general assortment of Dry and Fancy Goods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Ilats and Caps, for sale low for Cash. jjgy Liberal advances on consignments of cotton, and highest market prices paid for all kinds of country produce. Heavy discouut to largo purchase. Terms cash. CIUKiES EI,IAS, aoT3-3m Jdroad fcStreot. I \ Charleston Advertisements. B. BOLLMANN. - D. BOtLMAXtf. BOLLRIANN BROTHERS, Commission Merchants, DEALERS IN Groceries, Wines, Liquors, Tobacco, Segars, Etc., 153 <fe 155 East Bay, CHARLESTON, S. C. Oct 19-3m Kinsman &? Howell\ Factors and Commission :Merchants. Liberal Advances made on Cotton and Naval Stores. Charleston, S.C. ang 31?4m ROBERT S.IPRINGLE, CtMiV anil TJoal IMafp Ppfibp ullol u11u jlluui jjuiu lu luiui j Auctioneer & Cbmmission Agent, NO. 26 BROAD STREET\ Charleston, S. G, l. d. mowbt. a. h. mowbt. L D. MOWRY & SON, Facte ani Commission Merclants, SOUTH ATLANTIC WHARF. CMARIiESTOtf, S. C. oct ll2-3m ' G. 11. EcLORME Willi Furchgott, Benedict & Co., 21-1 King St., Charleston, Importers and Dealers in Foreign and Domestic DBY Q-OOIDS, Cloaks, Shaicls, Hosiery, Notions & Ribbons Also, Ladies' and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods. A special department for Jarpcts, IlugB, Mats, Oil Cloth and Matting. BRANCHES OF BUSINESS. Furchgott, Benedict & Co., cor. King and Calhoun sts., Charleston. Furchgott, Benedict L Co., 22 White street, New York. Furckgott, Benedict & Co., JacksonTillo, Fla. dec 7-3m A, F. CHEVREUX, Sculptor and Architect, MARBLE- WORKS, CHARLESTON, S. C. Plan? made to order ?"r?? of charge. ~ Designs can be seen at the atoro of 0. Noeltin. nor G-lm DOORS, SASHES, BLINDS, AO. P. P. TOAME, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER, No. 20 ITayno-st. and TTorlbcck's Wharf, CHARLESTON, S. C. JOy-Thls is the largest and most complete Facory of the kind in the Southern States, and all irticles in this line can be furnished by Mr. P. Toaib at prices which defy competition. ggy?A pamphlet with full and detailed list of ill sizes of Doors, Sashes and Blinds, and the - ? -till priOCS 01 caca, Hill uu ovut tics BUU r?.., in application to P. P. TOALE, Charleston, 8. C. July 18, 12m. cookikg" stoves. It is a well-known fact that the Cooking Stove has heretofore found but few udmircrs in the SOUTHERN COUNTRY, hence its utility is but little known. In consequence of a complete revolution in the system of labor in that portion of our country, and domestic duties dovolving mostly upon those heretofore unaccustomed to perform such labor, The Cooking Stoye is now sought after as the most Economical anfl Ltaarai Article that has yet been invented for cooking purposes, at prices within the reach of all who desire to use them. As agent for a well known manufacturing establishment, I am enabled to supply the people of Camden and surrounding country with Cooking Stoves of most approved patterns, of any size required, at prices that defy competition, and respectfully invite your attention to ' lliu BIUI1C UVllfl'U puuuojujj twviiuviv. GEO. ALDEX, Agent. aug 17-tf DENTIST. Broad Street, Camden, So. Cn. Office over MESSRS. WITTK0V8KY & HYAMS', where he can be found between 8 o'clock A. M. and G F. M march 0?tf RADWAY'S READY RELIEF Cures tlic Worst Pains in from One to]$ Tcnty Minutes. "Not one Lour pftcr reading this advertisement need any one suffer with pain. Radway's Ready relief is a cure for every pain. It was the first and is the only I FAIN REMEDY hat instantly stops the most excrutiating pains, allays inflammations, and cures congestions, whether of the Lungs, Stomach, Rowels, or other glands or organs, by one application. In from one to twenty jninutes, no matter how violent or cxcrutiatingj the pain, the Rheumatic, Bed-ridden, Infirm, Crippled, Nervous, Neuralgic, or prostrated with disease may suffer, - ? ti ?MI _ ?,i KiHVAT'8 IVKAPY lYKblKt' will uuuru unu.u. case. Inflammation of the Kidney, Inflammation of the Bladder, Inflammation of the Bowels, Congestion cf the Lungs, Sore Throat, Difficult Breathing, Palpitation of tbe Heart, Hysterics, Croup, Dyptherin, Catarrh, Influenza, Headache, Toothache, Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Cold Chills, Ague Chills. The applioation of the Ready Relief to the part or parts where the pain or difficulty exists will afford ease a8d comfort. Twenty drops in a half tumbler of water will in a few moments cure Crnmp, Spasms, Sour Stomach, Heart-burn, Sick Headache, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Colic, Wind in the Bowels, and all internal pains. Traveler's should always have a bottle of Rndway's Ready Relief with them. A few drops in water will prevent sickness or pains from a change of water. It is better than Frcnoh Brandy or Bitters as a stimulant. | Fever and Ague Cured * FOR FIFTY CENTS. There is not a remedial agent in this world that will cure Fever and Ague, and all other Malarious, Bilous, Scarlet, Typhoid, Yellow and other Fevers, (aided by ltadwuy's Pills) so quick as Itadwny's Ready Relief. Fifty cents ucr bottle. Iffealtli! Beauty ! Strong and Pure Rich Blood?Increase of Flesh and Weight?Clear Skin and Beau tiful Coiifplcxiun secured to all. DR. RADWAY'S Sarsaparillian Resolvent Has made the most astonishing cures. So quick, so rapid arc the changes the body undergoes, under the influence of Huh truly wonderful medicine, that every day an increase of flesh and weight is seen and felt. TIIE GREAT BLOOD PURIFIER. Every drop of the Sarsaparillian Resolvent communicates through the blood, sweat, urine and other fluids nnd juices of tho system the vigor of life, for it repairs the waste of the body with new und sound material. Scrofula, syphillis, consumption, glandular disease, ulcers in the throat, mouth, tumors, nodes in the glands and other parts of the system, eore eyes, strumorous discharges from the ears, nnd the worst forms of skin diseases, Eruptions, fever sorcSjScald head, ring worm, salt rheum, erysipelas, ache, black spots, worms in the tumors, cancers in the womb, and all weakening and painful discharges, night sweats, loss of sperm, aud all wastes of the life principle, ace in the curative range of this wonder of modern chemistry, nnd a few days' use will prove to any person using it for cither of these forms of disease its potent power to cure them. DR. RADWAY'S Perfect Purgative Pills. Perfectly tasteless, elegantly coated with sweet gum, purge, regulate, purify, cleanse and | strengthen the system. Rndway's Pills for the | cure of all disorders of the stomach, liver, bladdrr, nervous diseases, headache, constipation, uunim wuvoof uiui^vriii'M, 'Vrrv l'n"M bilious feycr, inflammation of the bowels, piles, and all derangements of tlic internal viscera. Warrant ;d to effect a positive cure. Purely vegetable, containing no mercury, minerals or dcleterioos drugs. A few doses of Radwny's Pills will free the system from all the nbovo named disorders.? Price 25 cents per box. Sold by all druggists, ltond "False and True." Send one letter stamp to Radwny & Co., No 87 Maiden Lane, New York. Information worth thousands will be sent you. cct6-]y jagf All I *' * fltlila IS" i r& J. W At aim, Proprietor. B. II. McDokalb * Co., DrorrloM k Am. AfoaU, Bta FrABclKo,C*l.tAnd M Common* St,, !?.! BILLIONS Bear Testimony to their Wonderful Carntlre Effects. Vinegar Blttere are not a vlls Fancy Brink, Mad* of Poor Ram. * Whisker* Proof Spirits and Refuse Liquors, doe* to red, spiced and sweetened to please ths lasts, called " Tonics." " Appetizers," " Bestorsrs,' See, that lead the tippler on to drnnkonness and rain, bat are a true Sledlcloo, made from tho Native Boots and Herbs of California, Tree from all Alcoholic Stimulants. Thcr are tba GREAT DLOOD PURIFIER nnd A I,IFE GIVING PRINCIPLE, a perfect Benorator and Invlgorator of the System, carrylog off all poisonous matter and reetorlnr tho blood to a healtbr condition. No porson can take these Bitters according to directions and remain Ion* enwoll, prorldod their bones are not destroyed by mineral poison or other means, and the vital organs wasted boyond tho point of repair. They arc a Gentle Purgative no well a a Tonic, possessing, also, the peculiar merit of acting as a powerful agent In relieving Congestion or Inflammation of tho Liver, and of all the Visceral Organs. FOR FEMALE COMPLAINTS, whether In young or old, married or single, at the dawn of womanhood or at tho turn of life, these Tonlo Bitters bare no equal. For Inflammatory and Chronic Rheumatism and Gont, Dyspepsia or Indigestion, lllllons, Remittent nnd Intermittent Fevers, Diseases of the Slood, Liver, Kidneys nnd Illndder, these Dltters havo been most successful. Such Diseases aro caused by Vltlnted Ulood, which la generally produced by Uorangemcnt of tho Digestive Orgnns. DYSPEPSIA OR INDIGESTION, Headache, Pain In tho Shoulders, Coughs, Tightness of the Chest, Dizziness, Sour Eructations of tho Btomach, Bad Tasto in the Month, Billons Attacks, Palpitation of tho Heart, Inflammation of 4V* T "*"* T)nt" I" l??rntv{nno of Mm KlflnPVi. find fcUU JL Wit ait buv itn>?H? .. .... ... a hundred other painful symptoms are.tho offsprings of Dyspepsia. Thoy tnvigorato the Stomach and stiranl&to the torpid Diver and Bowels, which render them of unequalled efficacy in cleansing tho blood of all impurities, and importing new life and vigor to the whole system. FOR SKIN DISEASES, Ernptions,Te*sr, , Bait Rheum, Blotches, Spots, Pimples, Pustules, Bolls, Cnrbuncles, Ring-Worms, Scald Ilcnd, Sore Byes, Erysipelas, Itch, Scurfs, Dlscolorntionsof tho Skin, Humors and Discuses of tho Skin, of whatever name or nuturc, arc literally dug up and carried out of tho system in a short tlmu by tho use of these Bitters. One bottle in such coses will convince the most incredulous of their curative effect. Cleanse the Vitiated Blood whenever you find its Impurities bursting through the skin in Plmplos, Eruptions or Sores; ciennse it when you And it Obstructed and sluggish in the veins; cleanse it When it is foul,and your feelings will tell you when. Keep tho blood pure, and tbc health of the system Will follow. PIN, TAPE, and other WORMS, nrklng In tho system of so many thousands, nro effectually destroyed and removed. BOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS AND DEALERS. J. WALKER, Proprietor. R. II. MCDONALD <k CO., Druggists and Oen. Agents, Son Francisco, WttW4?HM6WOepwnw ttafet&l ft 1 i i I i I i i I.I i I PALL 18711 *1 NEW STOCK ! AT : ^ The Old Stand of James Jones.. | ^;u % ^TE HAVE NOW ON HAND AND CONSTANT! YptECEIVE LARGE . STOCKS OF NEW GOODS, Which we offer at the LOWEST PRICES for CAS1' or PRODUCE. Our Stock eon?* sists in part of 4? ' * -.;a ; Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots & Shoes Hats, Caps; CLOTHING, HARDWARE, NOTIONS, Qribi Ware. 4Cottra Tare Floor, Baling Bp aid Ties. k; Will pay the highest CASH PRICE for COTTON, and make Cash Advances on all Consignments. Give us a call before purchasing elsewhere. J. Sc T. I. JONES. not 18-tf >*' s?-j~ ? ? r SASH, BLIND PLANING ILL \ 0 > . 1 DRESSED FLOORING, CEILING, WEATHER BOARES, SHELVING, BOX BOARDS, &e., &c. Oyer a hundred different PATTERNS of MOULDINGS, making oyer 100,000 ft* on hand, for sale at New York Prices. ' 3 MANTEL PIECES, DOOR AND WINDOW FRAMES, made to order, rt iimt notice. * , . STAIR RAIL, NEWELS AND BALLUSTERS of Walnut ane Mahogany, en hand and made to order. . GOOD and SUBSTANTIAL WORK made as CHEAP at this estabiisnmenc m.cu be made in tho United States. We have on hand the largest stock of the above Good* south of tho city of Baltimore, all of which we guarantee will give entire satisfaction to all who want GOOD and SUBSTANTIAL WORK The subscribers can refer to gentlemen all over this State, Georgia, North Carolina and Florida, as to the character of their work for tho past twenty years, s W. P. RUSSELL & CO., ' EAST END HASEL STREET, Opposito Wando Fertilizer Works, and in the immediate vicinity of the Charleston u4 Pavilion Hotels. Aug. 51?2at. *' ' ' ^ i y .-1 PIEDMON T AND ARLINGTON Life Insurance Company, -1 OF RICHMOND, YA. 0 . 1 ' ?, ASSF/TS. over $2,0*0,000 WET SURPLUS, over 7uv,vuu POLICIES ISSLED, over l,00,qO# o- ? ; ' . ; 't, /til' W. C. CARRINGTON, President | J. E. EDWARDS, Vice Presidiht, . D. J. HARTS00K, Secretary, '^r | J. J. HOPKINS, Assistart Secretary, ,;i J. E. WOLF, Scperirterdeht or Aoescixs. . :?0 South Carolina Branch Office at Columbia, S. C. ' : / In South Carolina National Bank Building. J. P, THOMAS, President. 4 \f 8. L. LEAPHEART, Secretary, ... Da. ISAAC BRANCH, Superintendent of Agencies. ' .'if.' Board or Directors.?John McKenzic. John 8. Preston, F. W. McMaster, W. B- f tlielr, John T. Slonn, Sr., Dr. K. W. Gibbes, R. C. Shiver, Thomas Earle. State atLaroe.?Ex-Governor M. L. Bonham, General M. C. Butler, Ueneral Jehn D. tint, dy, Colonel T. C. Terrin, Dr. Isaac Branch, Dr. H. R. Cook ,, -0?. ;<7$b We offor In the Piedmont and Arlington a solid and reliable Insurance Company, thoroughly Southern, in tho hands of men of the highest integrity, with abundant assets, reoent rljtfci, th? ^ > most seoure of all investments, pledged to retain within tho State of South Carolina all fundi accruing therein, and, indeed, presenting every advantage that can be desired. We confidently appeal to every one interested in Southern prosperity to look to their own internot a V.W ansfninincr their own institutions, and thereby establish that self-confidenee without o which there can be no permanent prosperity. Bear in mind that already over ?lU,wo,uw ar? annually sent North for Life Insurance, taking so much from our strength and thereby giving additional power to our compotitorB. Right of party to non-forfeiture in all its politics. Rights of party to re-instatement paid op policy, and surrender value where "intervention of armies" or any other cause cuts the insured off from home office. This feature, omitted in policies of Northern companies, cost the Soothers people very heavily in the late war, and should make them seek the only company that provide against such contingency in the future. , . From an official exhibit, it is shown that the Piedmont and Arlington had a greater increase of business in 1809 over 1808 than any company on this continent. It shows that there wef? only three companies in the United Stutcs that issued more policies ; also, that, with their accumulated risks of fifteen or twenty years all combined, this company, though young, stands twentieth in amount of risks in force. ' This exhibit, among over a hundred companies, makes the Piedmont and Arlington the leading Life Insurance Company, at least of this country. It shows, not only progress, but caution and economy?its losses being light, its expenses small. ?? IFL-A-nST IMITT'rTT.A-Xj. ; Dividend paid on whole Life Policies, forty per cent. ' , Dividends given at end of first year, when all cash is paid. All policies non-forfeitable. LEAPHEABT, JKFFEKSO.V & BAJTSOM, nrvfj?\r. Aanxrs. WJVL CLYBURN, fegj Agent for Kershaw and Lancaster Counties, may 12?ly f SOUTH-CAROLINA Cabbages & Cocoa Jfuts, . 10 1 ?- A ' *' .. A FRESH SUPPLY kept constantly <yn hand Land & Immigration Association, A and for sale by d. c. kirkley^ Agt, The undersigned having accepted the agency PT1Z6 Candy. J j for (lie above Association for tlii* County, js pre- The Standard Gold and Silver Coin G^ft'Candiof. pared to sell tickets and give all information re- Every Box contains puro Candies and a Gift of pecting the same. Five Dollnrs, Two Dollars, One Dollar; Fifty flSy-Offico, Rutlcdge Street, Camden, S. C. cents, Twenty-five cents, Ten cents, Five cents, JOHN KERSHAW. in Gold or Silver ooin. For sale by June 20. tf not 23-tt P. 0. KIBJLLST, Act. * . n