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J|nflllff38* UStrn <?W???IW ?L3W1M?W1I?]BB* fijjfc VOLUME VIII. CHERAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1842. NUMBER 6. < J ' I ???? * ??M?B& By M. ' I T?* *8Published weekly at three dollars a year; with an addition, when not paid within three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers inay take the paper at five dollars in advance; and ten at twenty. Four subscribers, not receiving their papers in town, m*y pay a year's subscription with len dollars, in advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. * 1 ?. unharrihAri Fapers not tlisconuiiueu iviviwit. in arrears. Advertisements not exceeding 16lines inserted f it one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each ibseqnont time. For insertions at intervals of two woeks 75 cents aftor the first, and a dollar if the intervals are longer. Payment due in advance for advertisements. When the number of insertions is not marked on the copy, tho advertisement will be inserted, and charged till ordered out. CThe postago must be paid on letters to tho I editor on the business of the office. From the Essex [.???.] Agricultural Society's Transact iota. ' ON RECLAIMED MEADOWS. In submitting their report for the current year, the committee have great plea, sure in remarking that they have reason to believe that there is an increasing attention paid to these improvements. The number and length of (lie statements that have been furnished to the committee, and which are annexed, scein to render it proper that they should ah. stain from a report any more detailed than is absolutely necessary. They have viewed the premises described in the several statements, and have examined with attention (lie claims made for the improvements. They award the first premium of twenty dollars to Timothy H. Brown, of Sau gus, and tlie aeconu 01 ten uui iaiO| k%j | William Osborn, Jr., of Sulcm, f??r his lands i? Saugus. For the Committee, N. \V. Haxex. N* W. IIazan, ^ ^ Amos Shkloon, ! f, ... v, > Committee. Asa I. Nhwhall, ' JDamel Putnam, J Timothy H. Brown $ statement. Tu the Committee on the Improvement of i Wet Meadow aud i*vvanip Land*: ? Gentlemen?Fin: improvement that I submit to your examination has been made upon between five and six acres of swamp land, situated in the tow n of &tugus. The mud or soil varies from two to twelve feet in depth. Two years ago, it was so thickly covered with briars and bushes, that a dog would have found difficulty in passing through it. These hushes 1 mowed and burnt on the ground. There were so many stumps and logs ??.- :? ?.,1U imiMissibie to nlou?rh; so 1 tnai it ?no -...j - _ t u commenced cutting the surface into .squares altout fifteen incites each way, and then with forked hoes, made very strong, pulled ofi* the sod and cleared out 0 the stunt|>s and logs. Then using the same hoes, cleared out all the small roots, levelled the surface, and placed hack the sods the other side up. This part of the work I did in strips of about one rod in width. In August, lc<37, I commenced litis. In 1S33 I mowed the hushes and dug one ditch. The stumps and logs 1 took out without lite help of oxen. Some of the stumps I should judge had nearly half a cord of wood in them. There were a considerable number of trees that had blown down, and the meadow had formed over them. Many of them were perfectly sound, and some measured sixty feet in length. The stumps were very numerous. 1 found three tier deep, and ? - ---- tl.?) U,l under the bottom lay a pine iug, iiiai iiuu-i some time or oilier been on fire. After going over the surface and clearing in the manner I have described, [ found the expense to have been, at a fair estimate Tor the labor, $501, In the winter I hauled off ihe wood and piled it up for coaling. The largest of the small roots I selected for my own fire ?the smallest I burnt on the ground. I commenced harrowing with an iron tooth harrow, as soon as the frost began to como out of the ground. The sods being fastened down by the frost, and the harrow passing over the upper side, they n? fnst na the frost would kiouiuviou - ? admit; and when the harrow had got t(> the depth of the sods, they were worked up pretty fine, tho frost below making a bridge for the team to pass on. About the first of last May, I began planting with |>otatoes, without any manure. 1 cut the seed very fine, and planted the parts near together. I merely marked the hills with a hoe, then a man followed after with the seed, and then another man to cover it. So [ made speedy work in planting. I calcuftited to have the seed, when covered, one inch from the surface. 1 used sixty.nine bushels of seed, that js, ?- ... i about fourteen Dusuew iu ?u am,. should not have seeded so light, had 1 not felt an uncertainty about obtaining a crop, without the use of manure. There was but one man, among those whom I consulted, who gave me any cncouagement. Many said 1 should lose my labor. To their astonishment I harvested U27 f bushels of excellent potatoes. The expense incident to planting, hoeing^harvesting, &c., including the seed, I estimate at $117. The land is now in a state that I can plough it at pleasure. On a small pieco of the land I planted coin, and it ripened well. On a small piece I sowed wheat, but it came to no perfection, either in the straw or grain. The wood was converted into charcoal. In 1837 I coaled 1201 bushels, which sold in the market Tor ?166 4U. in lsaa I coaled 4200 bushels, which sold on the hearth for ?333 33, and I ascertained from the purchaser that it sold in Boston market for ?G30. I sold wood to the amount of ?50, and I estimate that which I used for my own fire worth ?50 more. I have on hand one hundred cart loads of the bottom of the coal pits, which I value at ?75, having had some knowledge of its virtue as a manure. The account may he thus stated: Proceeds of coal in 1837, - ?166 40 Do do in 183*, . 333 33 Value of crop of potatoes, at 50 cts. a bushel, - - - 463 50 Value of ashes for manure, &c., 75 00 Value of wood sold, ... 50 00 Value of wood used, ... 50 00 Increased value of the land, it being now worth ?125 an a ore, and originally thought to be worth only ?12 an aero 565 00 , ?1702 23 Labors 4*e. Levelling and clearing the land, &c?, ?504 00 Carting wood Si roots 35 00 Harrowing, Sic., 12 00 - Planting, hoeing, har^ vesting, &c., 117 00 Coaling in 1837, - 40 00 - ~ ^ ^ A fSAft AA Coaling in 1636, - 1UU uu ouo vw Balance in favor of the ex- ) $894 00 ' periment, S" I have about two acres more of similar land, which I am ahout to manage in the same way. It requires much hard labor, but it yields a fair reward. Yours with respect, Timothy H. Bbown. Saugus, December 7, 1638. William Osborn, Jr's, statement. The subscriber presents the following statement 1 to the Committee on Reclaimed Meadows : } The piece of meadow land reclaimed and cultivated by the subscriber lies in Saugus, and contains'4 acres, very wet, and peaty bottom, and admitted of running a pole in some places 10 feet with out reaching hard bottom ; covered with a large quantity of pine stumps, and a young growth of maples, alders, dogwood, &c. In the first place 1 commenced remov- : ing the sods and roots from about one- j k <-.f on nnm. n nd hnrninf the same, i I l/u I ill VI UII i*v.- j Q f but finding the land would not he made .sufficiently dry by this process, 1 turned the sods over the whole piece in the fell (1937), and let them remain for the action of.the frost until spring (1838), then had them chopped with large grub hoes, fine enough for planting potatoes, dec. > The process of turning over the sods and j getting out stumps were both done at the same time; after doing this I run a ditch j around the piece, and four ditches across j it, 3 feet deep and 4 feet wide, wilh an J, outlet sufficient to drain the land at all times last season, to 15 inches below the \ surface.?1 annex a rough sketch of the i different lots, which I will describe. i Lit No. 1. Containing one-fourth of sn acre, nearest the upland, was cleared 1 in the fall and spring by chopping and ih*. c mi 11 riw?fe. nnd made in a I 1 CIVUIiUg nt*. . -~T _ ( good condition for cabbaged ; manured (* with compost of loam and manure, and a ! small portion of unbleached ashes put in each hill. Crop, 50 dozen large cabbages. Lot No. 2. One-fourth of an acre, pared and burned; sods not fully burned | collected into heaps and mixed with sta- , ble manure, lime, and salt ; in spring i chopped fine and spread in drills: plant- i ed with rutabaga. Crop, 100 to 150 bushels?mixed with others, and 1 can. not give the exact number. Lots No. 3 and 4. Sods turned and inud wheeled on from the ditches and spread; raked in rye and grass seed.? Crop, 5? bushels rye, and IS to 20 cwt. of hay, without manure. Lots No. 5 and 6. Potatoes, squashes, pumpkins, 6cc., with coarse barn and sta Die manure* Lot No. 7. Corn, potatoes, & squashes. The amount of manure used on the whole pieee, about 6 cords; 2 casks of lime, 1 bushel salt. Estimate worth of crops, and expenses. Crops. 327 bushels potatoes, at CO cents per bushel, . - - . $196 20 5$ bushels rye, at $1 *5 per bushel, 6 87 8$ bushels corn at $1 per bush., 8 50 100 u ruta baga*, al 80 cis. j per bushel, ...... 30 00 I 18 to 20 cwt. hay, .... 1200 50 doz cabbages, at 50 c. per doz. 25 00 2000 lbs. squashes, .... 20 00 Value of fuel taken ofT, at least 25 00 $333 57 Expenses. Cost of land, - - - $25 00 Lal>or, per contract, - 86 50 94 days' help on farm, 70 50 Seed potatoes, - - - 15 00 Rye and grass seed, - 1 17 ; Six cords manure, - 30 00 Two casks lime, - - 2 00 22 days' labor, gathering crops, - 1G 00 246 67 Net profit, .... $76 90 The present value of the land I leave for the judgment of the committee. Wm. Osbor:*, Jr. December, 1838. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. To the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United Slates: We have continued reason to express our profound gratitude to the Great Cre. ator of all things for numberless benefits conferred on us as a People. Blessed with genial seasons, the husbandman has his gamers filled with abundance, and the necessaries of life, not to speak of its luxurie8, abound in every direction. While in somo othcyiations steady and industrious labor can hardly find the means of subsistence, the greatest evil which we have to encounter is a surplus of produc* tion beyond the home demand, which seeks, and with difficulty finds, a partial market in other regions, The health of the country, with partial exceptions, has for tho past year been well preserved ; and under their free and wise institutions, the United States are rapidly advancing to. wards the consummation of the high des. tiny which an overruling Providence seems to have marked out for them. Exempt from domestic convulsion, and at peace with the world, we arc left free to consult as to the best means of securing and advancing the happiness of the People. Such are the circumstances under which you now assemble in your respectire chambers, and which should lead us to unite in praise and thanksgiving to that great,Being who made us, and preserves us a nation. I congratulate you, fellow-citizens, on the happy change in the aspect of our foreign affairs since my last annual mes. sage. Causes of complaint at that time existed between the United States and Great Britain, which, attended by irrita. ting circumstances, threatened most so. riously the public peace. The difficulty of adjusting amicably the questions at issue between the two countries was in no small degree augmented "by tho lapse of time since they had their origin. The opinions entertained by the Executive on several of the loading topics in dispute were frankly set forth in the Message at the opening of your late session. The appointment of a special Minister by Great Britain to the United States, with power to negociate upom most of the points of difference, indicated a desire on her part amicably to adjust them, and that Minister was met by the Executive in the same spirit which had dictated his mission. The treaty consequent thereon , having been duly"ratified by the two Gov. crnmcnts. The question of peace or war between the United States and Great Britain is n quostion of the deepest inter- < est not only to themselves, but to the civilized world, since it is scarcely possible that a war could exist between them without endangering the peace of Christendom. The immediate effect of the treaty upon ourselves wjll be felt in the security afforded to mercantile enterprise, which, no longer apprehensive of interruption, * CI ?t adventures its speculations in the most distant seas, and, freighted with the diversified productions of every land, returns to hless our own.. There is nothing in the treaty which in the slightest degree compromises the honor or dignity of cither nation. Next to the settlement of the boundary line, which must always be a matter of difficulty between States as hetween individuals, the question which seemed to threaten the greatest embarrassment was that connected with the African slave trade. By the 10th article of the treaty of Ghent it was expressly declared that "whereas the traffic in slaves is irreconcilable with the principles of humanity and justice, and whereas both His Majesty and the United States are desirous of continuing their efforts to promote its entire abolition, it is hereby agreed that both the contracting parties shall use Andenvnm to accomplish so de IIIVII V..-W- - . - # sirable an object." In tho enforcement of the laws and treaty stipulations of Great Britain, a practice hpd thieatened to grow up.on the part of its cruisers of subjecting to visitation ships sailing under the American flag, which, while it serious, ly involved our maritime rights, would subject to vexation a branch of our trade which was daily increasing, and which jequired the fostering care of the Governmcnt. And although Lord Aberdeen, in his correspondence with the American envoys at London, expressly disclaimed all right to detain an American ship on i the high seas, even if found with a cargo of slaves on board, and restricted the Bri? tish pretension to a mere claim to visit and inauire, yet it could not well be diserned by tho Executive of the United States how such visit and inquiry could be made without detention on the voyage, and consequent interruption to tho trade. - i x r L puiajf uiuiuiv^ w - ^ resorted to by the two Govern/rents to settle their respective claims. It became manifest at an early hour of the 'late negotiations, that any attempt for the time being satisfactorily to determine those rights would lead to a protracted discu:. sion, which might embrace in its failure other more pressing matters, and the Executive did not regard it as proper to waive all the advantages of an honorable adjustment of other difficulties of great magnitude and importance, because this, not so immediately pressing, stood in the way. Although the difficulty referred to may not for several years to come involve the pence of the two countries, yet I -shall not delay to urge on Great Britain the importance of its early settlement. Nor will other matters of commercial importancc to the two countries be overlooked; and 1 have good reason to believe that it will compor^with the policy of England, as.it docs with that of the United States, to seize upon this moment, when most of tho causes of irritation have passed away, to cement the peace and amity of the two countries by wisely removing ail grounds of nrobahle future collision. "** I With the other Powers of Europe our relation* continue on the mo*t amicable footing. Treaties now existing with them should be rigidly observed, and every opportunity, compatible with the interests of the United States, should be seized upon to enlarge the basis of commercial intercourse. Peaco with nil the world is the true foundation of our policy, which ean only be rendered permanent by the practice of equal and impartial justice to all. Our great desire should be to enter only into that rivalry which looks to the general good, in the cultivation of the sciences, the enlargement of the field for the exercise of the mechanical arts, and the spread of commerce?that great civilizer ?tn #>v#?rv land and sea. Carefully ab V* "' ?J ?7 -staining from interference in all questions j exclusively referring themselves to the j political interests of Europe, wo may be I permitted to hope an equal exemption from the interference of the European Governments in what relates (o the States | of the Ameiican Continent. -."S /*' ' * -> *v * - * 1 , * v . it was regarded as me rigni or scarcu, presented only in a new form, and expressed in different words; and I therefore felt it to he my duty distinctly to declare, in my annual message to Congress, that no such concession could be made, and that the United States had both the will and the ability to enforco their own laws,' and to protect their, flag from being used for purposes wholly forbidden by those laws, and obnoxious to the moral censure of the world. Taking the message as his letter of instructions, our then iMinisterat Paris felt himself required to assume the same ground in a remonstrance which he felt it to be his duty to present to M. Guizot, and through him to the King of the French, against what has been called the Quintuple treaty ; and his conduct, in this respect, met with the approval of this Government. In close conformity with these views the eighth article of the treaty was framed, which provides thatu each nation shall keep afloat in the African seas a force not less than eighty guns, to act separately and apart, under instruction* from their respective Governments, and for the enforcement of their respective laws and obligations." From this it will be seen that the ground assumed in the message has bpen fully maintained, at the same time that the stipulations of the treaty of Ghent arc to be carried out in good faith by the two countries, and that all pretenco is removed for interference with oar commerce for a*y purpose whatever by a foreign Government. While, thereforo, the United States have been standipg up for the freedom of the seas, they have not thought proper to make that a pretext for avoiding n fulfilment of their treaty stipulations, or a ground for giving countenance to a trade reprobated by our laws. A similar arrangement by the other great Powers could not fail to sweep from the ocean the slave trade, without the interpolation of any new prin ciple into the maritime code. We may be permitted to hope that the examplo thus set will bo followed by some, if not all of them. We thereby also afford suit, able protection to the fair trader in those sens, thus fulfilling nt the same time the dictates of a sound policy, and complying with the claims of justice and humanity. It would have furnished additional cause for congratulation, if the treaty could have embraced all subjects calculated in future to lead to a misunderstanding between the two Governments. . The territory of the United States, commonly called the Oregon Territory, lying on the Pacific ocearif north of the 42d degree of latitude, to a portion of which Great Britain lays clnim,-begins to attract the attention of our fellow-citizens, and the tide of population whiclf-has reclaimed what wa9 so lately an unbroken wilderness, in more contiguous regions, is preparing to flow over thoso vast districts which strtech from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific ocean. In advance of (he acquitment of individual rights to these lands* sound .llMofoa flint pverv effort should be together with copies ot letters on tne same subject* addressed to the Diplomatic corps at Mexico, by the American Minister and the Mexican Secretary of State. Mexico has thought proper to reciprocate the Mission of the United Stalesjo that Government, by accrediting to this a minister of the same rank as that of the representative of the United States in Mexico. From the circumstances connected with his mission, favorable results arc anticipated from it. It is so obviously for the interest of both countries as neighbors and friends that all just causes of mutual dissatisfaction should be removed, tnat it is to be hoped neither will omit or delay the employment of any practicable and honorable means to accomplish that end. * The affairs pending between this Government and several others of the States of this hemisphere, formerly under the dominion o! Spain, have again within the past year, been materially obstructed by the military revolutions and conflicts in those countries. The ratifications of the Treaty-bet ween ho United States and the Republic of Ecuador, of the 13th of June, 1839, have been exchanged, and'that instrument has been duly promulgated on the part of this Government. Copies are now communicated to Congress with a view to enable that body to mako such changes in the laws applicable to our intercourse with that Republic, as may be deemed requisite. : ' .... Provision has been made by the Government of Chile for the payment of the claim on account of the illegal detention of the brig Warrior at Coquimbc, in 1820. This Government has reason to expect that other claims of our citfcen9 against Chile, will bo hastened to a final and satisfactory close. The Empire of Brazil has not been altogether exempt from those convulsions which saconstantly afflict the neighboring Republics. Disturbances which recently broke out, arc, however, now understood to be quieted. But theso occurrences, by threatening the stability of the Governments, or by causing incessant and violent changes in them, or in the persons who administer them, tend greatly to retard provisions for a just indemnity for losses and injuries suffered by individual subjects or citizens of other Slates. The Government of the United States will feel it to be its duty, however, to consent to no delay, not unavoidable, in making satisfaction for wrongs and injuries sustained by its own citizens. Many yoars having in some cases elapsed, a decisive und effectual course of proceeding will be demanded of (he respective Governments ??* - + * T ' r . T ---T . -5 T>i ^-.v V . . ..." . ; - Hr - *:- V? ' ' - ". -In:# V ' "* On the 23d of April last, the commissioners on the part of the United States, under the convention with the Mexican Republic, of the 11th of April, 1839, made to the proper department a final report in relation to the proceedings of the commission. From this it appears, that the total amount awarded to the claimants by the commissioners- and the umpire appointed under that convention, was two millions twenty-six thousand and seyenty-nine dollars and sixty-eight cents. The arbiter having considered that his functionswere required by the convention to terminate at the same time with those of the commissioners, returned to the board, undecided for want of time, claims which hnrt Imnn nflnwprlhv lhe American COU1 missioners, to tho amount of pine hundred and twenty.eight thousand six hundred and twenty dollarsnnd eighty.eight cents. Other claims, in which the amount sought to be recovered was threo millions three hundred and thirty-six thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven dollars and five cents, were submitted to the board too late for its consideration. The minister of the United States at Mexico, has been duly authorized to make demand for the payment of the awards according to the terms of the convention, and the provisions of tho act of Congress of the 12th of June, 1840. He has also boen in. structcd to communicate to that Government the expectations of the Government of tho United Statesln relation to those* claims which were not disposed of according to the provisions of the convention, and all others, of citizens. t>f the United States against the Mexican Government,. He has also been furnished with other instructions, to be followed by him in case the Government of Mexico should not find itself in a condition to make present payment of the amount of the awards, in specie or its equivalent. 1 am happy to be able to say that information which is esteemed favorable, both to a just satisfaction of the awards, and a reasonable provision for other claims, ihas been recently* received from Mr. Thompson, the Minister of the United States, who has promptly and efficiently executed the instructions <*f his Government, in regard to this important subject. The citizens of the United States who accompanied the late Texan expedition to Santa Fe, and who were wrongfully taken acd held as prisoners of wor in Mexico, have all been liberated. A correspondence has taken place be. tween the Department of State and the Mexican Minister of Foreign A flairs, upon the complaint of Mexico that citi- j zensofthe United States were permitted to give aid to the inhabitants of Texas in the war. existing between her and that Republic. Copies of this correspondence are herewith communicnted to Congress, --- * ? ' 1 ? -. . .1 >'* Against whom claims have been prefer-" , The vexatious, harassing, and expensive *war which so long prevailed with the In dian tribes inhabiting the peninsula of * .- J Florida, has happily been terminated; vv| whereby our army has been relieved from * A a service of the most disagreeable character, and the treasury from a largo ex- ;J? penditure. Some casual outbreaks may occur, such as are incident to tlio close, proximity of border settlers and the In- / x dians;. but these, as in all other cases, may be left to the care of the local au-" . thorities, aided, when occasion may re-V- d quire, by the forces of the United States, jw* A sufficient number of troops will bo ^?1 maintained in Florida, so long as the re molest apprehensions of danger shall ex'. Lt t tU... . Ill L. - _ isi, yci iiiuii uuuca tvin ug muiitru rauicr lo the garrisoning of the necessary posts, than to the maintenance of active hostili[tics. It is .to be hoped that a territory to long retarded in its growth, will now speedily recover from the evils incident to -W ^ a protracted war, exhibiting, in tho increased amount of ifcTrich productions, ? *3 true evidences of returning wealth and prosperity. . By the practice of rigid justice towards ' the numerous Indian tribes residing within our. territorial limits, and the exercise of a parental vigilance over their interests, protecting them against fraud and intrusion, and at the same t:mc using every proper expedient to introduce among them the arts of civilized life, we may fondly hopo not only to wean theiu from their love for war, but to inspire them with a lovo for peace and all its avocations. With several of the tribes great progress.in civilizing them has already been made. fc. Ttjo schoolmaster and the missionary are found side by side, and the remnants of what were once numerous and powerful nations may yet bo preserved as the builders up of .a new name, for themselves and their posterity. .. jjfl The balance in the Treasury on the 1st' of January, (1842, exclusive of the amount deposited with the States, Trust Funds and Indemnities) was $230,483 08. The receipts into the Treasury during the three first quarters of the present *1 '''i? W from all sources, amount to $26,616,59378; ,-of which more than fourteen millions were received, from customs, and about one million from the public lands. The receipts for the fourth quarter are csti- | mated at nearly eight millions ; of which four millions are expected from Customs, and three millions and a half from Loans^ .??j and Treasury notes. The expenditures J of the first three quarters of I he present year exceed twenty .six millions t and" those estimated for the fourth quarter amount to about eight millions; and it is anticipated there will be a deficiency of half a million on the 1st of January next ?but that the amount of outstanding war-. rants (estimated at 9800,000) will ieaVb an-actual balance of about 9224,000 in the Treasury. Among the expenditures of the year, are more than eight millions for the publie debt, and 9600,000 on ac- * count of Iho distribution to the States of tho proceeds of sales of the public lands. The present tariff of duties was somewhat hastily and hurriedly passed near the close of the late session of Congress. That it should have defects can, therefore. he surDrisimr to no one. To remedy such defect's oa may be found to exist in many of its numerous provisions .will net fail to claim your serious attention. It may well merit inquiry, whether the exaction of alt duties in cash does not call for the introduction of a system -which has proved highly beneficial in .countries where it has been adopted. I refer to the warehousing system. The first and most prominent effect which it would produce would be to protect tho market aliko against redundant or deficient supplies of foreign fabrics?both of which, in tho long run,*aro injurious as well to the manufacturer as the importer. Tho quantity of goods in store being at all times readily ' known, it would enable the importer, with nn approach to accuracy, to ascertain the actual wants of tho market, and to regu- ' ** late himself accordingly. If,howovcr, ho should fall into'error, by importing .au '} excess above pub'ic wants, he could rea? d.ily correct its evils by availing himself of the benefits and advantages of the systern thus established. In the storehouse ' tiie goods imported would await the de* mands of the market, and their issues would bo governed by the fixed principles ' of demand and supply* Thus an approx- ' imation would be made to a steadiness and uniformity of price, which, if attainaable, would conduce to the decided advan tago^of mercantile and mechanical operations* . The apprehension rftay. be well entertained that, without something to ameliorate the rigor of cash payments, the entire import trade may fall into the bands of a a few wealthy, capitalists in this country and in Europe. Tho small importer, who requires all the money he can raisolfor.in* vestments abroad, and who can but ill afford to pay the lowest duty, would havo to subduct in advance n portion of his funds in order to pay tho duties, and would lose the interest upon th$ amount* thus paid for all the time the goods might remain unsold, which might absorb his profits. Tho rich capitalist abroad, as well as at homo, would thus possess, after a short time, an almost exclusive monopo. !y of tfib import trade, and laws designed , % ^ -t*. . ^ '?v f, I ' t . ' - " ^ ^ "'i' ' * * i y \ S? '? c v* ~* )&?&.?"'* *' r * & J*v - " . # / . : '