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LAWS OF TIIE UNITED STATES ] I'issed at the 2d Session of the 27th Congress. [BY AUTHORITY.] t [IYblic?No. 21.] AN ACT to provido for the settlement of tho j claim ??f tho.State ot M line for tho service* of her militia. Be it enacted by the Senate and Howe of Re. j?re tent at ices of the United States of America in j Congress assembled, Th.it the Secretary of War j he, uud he is hereby, authorized and ihrooteJ to; cause to bo reimbursed an 1 piid to the State of j Maine, on the order of tho Governor of tsa'd j Slat", out of any money no', otherwise appropri- j tod, such amount as the Paymaster General of j tho United Slates army and the accounting oflt- 1 com of the Treasury shall ascertain and certify would have been duo trom tho United Slates to the militia called into tho service of the State in J th*? year eighteen hundred and thirty-nine, for ! "the protect on of hor northeastern frontier by j tho Governor, if suid militia had been duly called into thu service of the United Statos, and regitlirly received and mustered by the officers ot the j United .States army, according to the laws and j regulations which have governed in the payment j of th; volunteers and militia of other States, j And the Paymaster General and accounting ! officers oftho Treasury are Inrchy authorized) and rrquirod to include the following claims, ! pre^ontca by said State, viz. First. The erst of cannon balls enJ knap, sacks purchased by the State, for the u?n oflhe 4rno;?sc.1 lied into service, and for defence of tho tfro ntier aforesaid: Provided, That said ball* and knapsack* shall belong to the United StatesSecond. The amount paid by the St.te for j transportation of military nloics itiid ofher troops j in actual service as arorerai:l: Provided, The j amount should, in the opinion of the Secretary j of War, appear to be reasonable. Third. Tho pay or compensation allowed by I the Str.te to tho Payma tor and Commisitary j ' ' 1 - - 1 .*!.?. .(-.IT u-KiIa tK<?v uf, rn \J lilH OvUU VIUVVI P| minv VIIV^ f?% , v re ^actively omployod in making or superintend. 1 ing d shurecmcnts for the inilitia in actual service t?s sfon-sai i: Provided, The compensation p aid , by tb?% S'aie, as aforesaid, shall not exceed that paid by the United Slates for similar services. Four h. The sotn paid 1?\ the State for bl.?n* , kcts f'jr the use of her militia while in actual service as xforctaid, or so much thereof is shall appear reasoniH?. Fifth. The amount of expcnditu-ca by said j * f*Urc iu necessary r.pairs of arms used by the * militia while in actual s.tvScj as aforesaid. Provided, That the accounts of the agent cm- j 1 p'ojed by the State of Maine to m ike said jn\* , ' tueiiUbe subniilted to the Paymaster General j and the accounting officers for their inspection, j 1 JOHN WHITE, j J Speaker o f the House of Representatives. ] WILLIE P. MANGl'M, \ President of the Senate pro tempire. Approved, June 13, 1842. j ( JOHN TVLER. jj . 11 [PI-FLIC?NO. 22 j AN ACT to amend an act entitled ,J An act to , ^ carry into effect, in the Stales of Alabama and j Mississippi the exiating compacts with tbono ! States with regard to the five per cent, fund , and the school reservation*.** ' J c Be it enacted by the Senate, and Jfou--e of Re- j < presentatitcs of the United States of America in t (.' 'ingress ajtetnbled, That so much of the second ? Kliou of the act on tii led * An act to cairy into { Micti.iiimi i i ?ifrct. in the 01 /V""'?!!!.! ...... ...........rr. , the existing compacts w'th those Stiles in rrg;rd i to the fivo percent, fund and iho tchool rokcrva. ti -n*," as requires to much of tho land therein I designated as re rrved to the State of Mississip. I pi for the uso of schools, to b> s 1 cted, under I the direction of the Secretary of tho Treat a ry, I < out of-any public lands rom lining uuaol 1 that | 1 h-\ll have been offered at public silo within | 1 oitherofthe land districts in tho said State of 1 Mississippi, contiguous to said lands, within said ; State," ceded by tbuClucknsaus, 1 c so atn mded J ' ti.at the said lands may bo selected, under thej1 direction of tho Governor of suid Stjte of M wis- i ' kippi, oat of any public lands remaining unsold j within either oi the land district* in sad Stale I cf .Mississippi contiguous to the lands in said j Slate coded by tho Chickasaw Indian*. Approved, June 13, 1SI2. Ij [IVsuc?No. 23.j I j AN ACT authorizing the county commissioners ! i of L ike county, Illinois, to enter a quarter see- j i tion of land for a scat of justice i:i said coun. I ty. j i Be it enacted by the Senate and II iiise nf He. j ' pr*eentatives of the United States of A?ncrica in ' ' Uongrcs* assembled, That upon proof being made J to the Secretary of the Treasury of the payment j ( of the minimum price per acre by the county ot ? Lake in the State of Illinois, to the United States, for the southeast quarter of section twenty-one, in ? township forty.fivc north, of rangi twelve, east of < the third principal meridian, upon which the coun-; * ty seat of said county is located, it shall be lawful > tor the President of the United States to cause a 1 patent for said land to be is*ucd to saiJ county, in < lieu, and in full eitisfaction of the claim of said < county to enter one quarter section of land in vir- | i tue of the act of the twenty-sixth May eighteen i ' hundred and twenty-four, entitled ,l An act grant- ! 1 jug to the counties or parishes of each State and j ' Territory of the United States in which the public ! lands are situated the right of prt? ctnption to quartcr scctions of land for scats of justice within tho ame:** Provided, said county shall relinquish in ( such form as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe, all claim whate ver to the northeast quar- j 1 tcr of section twenty.onc, township thirty-four, j 1 range eleven east, lying in said county, and which '< ' tract was first selected by said county for the use ! ' of the county scat for said county in virtue of the { ; provisions of the act afori j :id. Approved, June 211, 1812. [Plbuc?No. 21.] ACT for theaj>]K>rtionmcnt of Kcproecntauvos | among tbo several States according to the sixth census. Be it enacted by the Senate and JI>u$e of Rr. pre sent at errs of the United Stateg of America in Congret* a**embled, That from and after the third day of March, oik thousand ci^ht imndrod and forty-three, the House of Representatives j shall be eompoicd of members elected agreeably ' to a ratio of one Representative for every seventy thousand six hundred and eighty persons in each State and of one additional representative for each State having a fraction greater than one moiety of the said ratio, computed according to the rule pre. j scribed by the Coustitution of the United States; j that is to say, Within the State of Maine, seven ; J within the State of New Hampshire, four; within the State of Massachusetts, ten; within the State ; of Rhode Island, two; within the Stale of Con- J ncctieut, four; within the Stale of Vermont, four; ; within the State of New York, thirty-four; with- t in the State of New Jersey, five; within the State of Pennsylvania, twenty-four; within the State of Delaware one; within the State of .Maryland, ' six ; within the State of Virginia, fifteen ; within I the State of North Carolina, nine; within the State of South Carolina, seven ; within the State of Georgia, eight; within the State of Alabama, seven ; within the State of Louisiana, four; within the State of Mississippi, four; within the State I of Tennessee, eleven; within the State of Ken. tucky, ten ; within the State of Ohio, twenty-one; i within the State of Indiana, ten ; within the State of Illinois, seven; within the State of Missouri, five; within the State of Arkansas, one; and i within the State, of Michigan, three. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That in eve-! ry case where a State is entitled to more than one Representative, the number to which each State shall be entitled under this apportionment shall be , elected by districts composed of contiguous terri- I lory equal in number to the number of Rcprcscnta. j lives to which said State may be entitled, no one district electing more than one Representative, \ Approved, June 25, 1312. {Plblic?No. 25.] A>t AC"! confirming certain lunu claims in LjOU. j it i ana. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Re. prescntatitcs of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the claims to lands within the land district of New Orleans, being numbers six, seven, eight, nine, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, thirty, thirty- I four, thirty-five, thirty-cight, forty-seven, forty- [ eight, fifty seven, fifty-nine, sixty, sixty-one and sixty-two, of the two reports of the register and receiver of said iand district, dated fourteenth of December, eighteen hundred and thirty-six, and j second of November, eighteen hundred and thir. ty-scven, and made under the provisions of the art j of the sixth of February, eighteen hnndrcd and thirty-five, entitled 44 An act for the final adjustment of claims to lands in the State of Louisiana," be, and the same arc hereby, confirmed: Provided, alicays, That this is only to operate as a quit claim an the part of the United States. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That a sum not exceeding five hundred dollars be, and the ?ame is hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise disposed of, to be usee' by the Commissioner of the General Lund Of- , See, in paying the expenses of a copy of all the documents of record, and offered biforc th? register and receiver of the New Orleans land district, j' in support of the land claims reported upon by thcu;, and which arc not confirmed bv this act. See. 3. And be it further enacted, That claims numbers two, five, eight, nine, eleven, twelve, thir ieen, fourteen, sixteen, seventeen, nineteen, uen. :y-two, twenty .six, thirty-four, thirty-five, thirty. ^ rix, thirty-eight, forty and forty-six, of the report >f the register and receiver of the Ouachita land . . 1 iistrict, in the State of Lousiana, dated the twen ^ y-fourth day of July, eighteen hundred and thirty. K-ven, and made under the provisions of the act of ! .he fixth dav of February, eighteen hundred and , . I .hirty.fivc, arc hereby confirmed for six hundred ind forty acres each. Sec. 1. And be it further enacted, Tnat num. aers one, four, seven, fifteen, eighteen twenty, twenty-three, twenty-nine, thirty, thirty-one, thir- I ' ty.pcvcn, aud forty-eight of said report, arc also I confirmed, as recommended by the register and re- ! Cfivcr; number three is Confirmed to two thousand j ^ acres, number twenty-four to ?!?oysand acre?, and number forty-five to two hundrd acres : Pro- ' tided, That this act shall amount only to a rtJin- j quishrncnt on the part of the United .States, and j , shall in no manner afiect the rights of third per- j sons, and, on the presentation to the Commission- j it of the General i/md Olficc of a plat of eurvcy | duly approved by the surveyor general of the State j of Louisiana, the claimant shall be entitled to a i patent. See. 3. And be it further enacted, That claims numbers ten, eighteen, nineteen, and twenty, of j, the list reported by the register arid receiver of the | land office at Greensburg, formerly St. Helena, j under the provisions of the act of Congress of the sixth day of February, eighteen hundred and thir. J [y-scvcn, entitled "An act for the final adjustment of clai.ns to lands in the State of Louisiana," oc, and the simcarc hereby confirmed ; and upon 1 the presentation to the C jminissioiier of the Gene* - " ? - ' - -J I... A? r;?! Land Utiice ol a piai, approvea ny ihu uivi.y. ?r general of Louisiana, the owner or owners of aid claims shall be entitled to a patent. See. 6. And be it further enacted, That claims tumbers seven and eight of the list mentioned in he preceding section arc also confirmed, giving he rizht to the claimants to locate the same with. J n one year after the passage of this act, on any ^ rnblic lands subject to sale at private entry, in the j ^ district where said claims arc situated; which lo- | ration, approved and certified by the surveyor gc- I icral of Louisiana to the Commissioner of the Gc- 1 ncral Land Office, will entitle said claimants to a j patent: Provided, Said claimants shall, previous j to making said location, relinquish to the United j States their claims to the land originally claimed \' !>y them. Sec. 7. And be it further enacted. That the claims to land within the district south of Red rivcr. beinz numbers thirty-three, thirty-five, forty. five, fifty-two, seventy.t-crcn, scvcnty.ninc, eighty, i seven, ninety-three, one hundred, one hundred and j two, one hundred and three, one hundred and right, one hundred and twenty-two, one hundred j and thirty.two, one hundred and forty-two, one ; hundred and forty .seven, one hundred and forty, j' eight, one hundred and fifty-one, one hundred and i hundred and fiftv-seven, one bun. | V "k " ? rired sij'l fifty-nine, one hundred and nixty, one | hundred and sixty-two, one hundred and sixty- j three, one hundred and sixty-four, one hundred J and sixty-five, und one hundred and sixty-six, of j the reports of the register and receiver of the land j office at Opclonsaji, dated the thirtieth May and j sixth June, eighteen hundred and forty, made un- j der the provisions of tin net of eighteen hundred j and thirtv-fiv". aforesaid, be. and the same are ( hereby, confirmed : Provided, That the Commissioner of the General Land Otficc shall cause a further investigation to be made, and further evi. dcncc to be taken, in relation to claim number one hundred and sixty-one of said report; and should it appear that the original claimants actually inhabited and cultivated the lands claimed, on and prior to the twenty-second day of February, eighteen hundred and nineteen, then and in that case, the same shall be confirmed, by and with the approbation of the Secretary of the Treasury. See. 8. And be it further enacted, That the following claims in the said reports of the register and receiver of the land office at Opclousas be, and the same are hereby confirmed, as follows, to wit: Number twenty-nine, to the legal representatives of Joseph Maritaurus; number forty-six, to the extent contained in a league square ; number nlv tmnrlmd and fnrtv arrrs. tr> thn 4Wi VJ-iJiliW, IUI I>IA y vv legal representatives of Bernard Lacroix; number I fifty-four, to the legal representatives of J. Bop. ! tiste Vallery; number seventy-eight, for six hun- j dred and forty acres, to Onczime Guedry, assignee of Nicholas Provost, and six hundred and forty acres to the legal heirs and representatives of Daniel Guedry and Jean Mouton, senior; num. bcr ninety-one, or so much as will, with the quantity heretofore confirmed, make the quantity of ' one league front by the depth of forty arjiens; number ninety-nine, for six hundred and forty acres, to embrace the residence and improvements of Hugh Mulhollan on and previourto the tvrcuI ticth day of December, eighteen hundred and three ; number one hundred and fourteen, to the legal representatives of Andre Dumas; number ' one hundred and fifty-four, to the legal representatives of Antonio Mora ; number one hundred 5 and fifty-eight, to the legal representatives of Louis Frizzini; number one hundred and sixty. ' seven, to Jacob Wallace or his legal reprcscnta- j tives. Sec. 9. And be it further enacted, That the provisions of the two preceding sections of this act, which confirm donation claims situate in that part of said land district known as the " neutral 1 territory," shall not be regarded as extending to any lands which are held by any person by virtue of any bona fide French or Spanish grant, war- ' rant, or order of survey, made prior to the twentieth of December, eighteen hundred and three, heretofore filed, according to law, with any register, or commissioners, or register and receiver of said district: Provided, That the confirmations made by virtue of the two preceding sections shall only operate as a relinquishment of the right of * the United States, and shall not affect the right of third persons, nor preclude a judicial derision between private claimants for the same land; and I j on the presentation, to the Commissioner of the < General Land Office of a plat of survey, duly ap- r proved by the surveyor general of Louisiana, the j t claimant 6hall be entitled to a patent. j Approved, July 6, 1812. i [Public?No. 27.] i j AN ACT to provide for satisfying claims for bourn j ty lands for military services in the late war < with Great Britain, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Re. preventatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, Thai in a'l cas-;s of war. rant* for bounty lands for military services in the war of eighteen hundred and twelve with Oreat [ m # 0 i Britain, winch remain unsatisfied at the date of this act, it shall be lawful for the person in whose ! name such warrant shall have issued, his heirs or j legal representatives, to enter at the proper land ! itfico in any of the States or Territories in which ^ the same may lie, the quantity of the public lands subject to private entry to which said person shall be entitled, in virtue of such warrant, I < in quarter sections : Provided, Such warrants shall i>e located within five years from the date of tiiis ict. j See. 2. And be it further enacted-, Tint the !. terms prescribed for the issuing warrants by the ^ Secretary of the Department of War, under the C act entitled "An act to allow further time to com plete the issuing and locating of m litary land warrants during the late war," and under the act r entitled 41 An act to extend the time of issuing ^ mi-iia.",' ] lid warrants to the officers and soldiers ' of the Revolutionary ami?,"'9* which acts ' were approved January twenty-seventh, cightcert ' ^ hundred and thirty-five, be, and the same are here- [ by, respectively renewed and continued in force for the term of five years from and after the date j of this act; and all eases which shall not, within the time aforesaid, be finally disposed of, shall be ^ thereafter forever barred from the benefits of all claim to bounty land for services performed, with- \ in the spirit and meaning of said acts : Provided, J That warrants issued under the provisions of this * section may be located as is provided for warrants ( under the first section of this act: And provided, o further, That the certificate of location obtained . I under the provisions of this act shall not be assign, j si iblc, but the patent shall in all cases issue in the ; b name of the person originally entitled to the boun- S ty land, or to his heirs or legal representatives. { b 1 ? ? 1 O IA j r Approved, July z/, io?. [Public?No. 28.] a AN ACT to regulate the value to be affixed to o the pound sterling by the Treasury Depart! ment. Br it enacted by the Senate and Home of Re. oresentatives of the United States of America, in J Congress assembled, That in all payments by or io the Treasury, whether made here or in foreign :ountrics, where it becomes necessary to compute the value of the pound sterling, it shall be deemed ?qual to four dollars and eighty.four cents, and the ( same rule shall be applied in appraising mcrchan. ?y disc imported, where the value is by the invoice in ^ pounds sterling. 5 See. 2. And be it further enacted, That all ^ sets and parts of acts inconsistent with these pro. a v isions be, and the same arc hereby, repealed. j 8 Approved, July 27,1812. | v ? I[Public?No. 29.] i Bj 1 ^ 0.r !*,. remir of I A/* x mamnj apjiiu^.ianuu mi - -t?? -- c the custom-house in Providence. n Be it enacted, by the Senate and House of Re. n prcsentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to cause the custom-house at the port of Pro\idcnec, in the State of Rhode Island, to be repaired, at an expense not exceeding one thousand dollars; and j ^ that the sum of one thousand dollars, to be paid ! out of any money in the Treasury not otherw ise J appropriated, is hereby appropriated therefor. t( Approved, July 27,1812. n [Pr;n:.ic?No. 30.] I AN ACT to amend " An act for altering the time | ofholding the district court of the United State* for the western district of Pennsylvania at W"?I liamRuort." anr)roved May eighth, eighteen hun tired ami forty. Be it enacted by the Sen ile and House of Re. present at ire n of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That the October terra of the district court of the United States for the western district of Pennsylvania, which is now directed to be holdui at Williamsport, in Lycoming county, on the third Monday of October in each year, shall hereafter commence and be hold* n on the first Monday of October in each and every year; and all processes, pleadings, motions, suits, and business heretofore begun, pending and undetermined, or which may hereafter be commenced or instituted prior to the next October term, shall be held returnable and be returned to the first Monday of October next. Approved, July 27, 1842. [Pcclic?No. 31.] AN ACT granting a right of pre-emption to cortain lots in the town of Perrysburg, in the State of Ohio. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Re. prescntatires of the United Slates of America in Congress assembled, Tiiat each purchaser, his or her heirs or assigns, of any lot orlols in the town Df Perrysburg, in the State of Ohio, at any sale for ta.vc.? thereon assessed by the laws of the State, the title to which has not been divested from the United States in any other manner than under col. or of such tax sale, shall have the right to enter the same at nny time within one year from tiic passage of this act, at the land office in the disLrict within which said tow;i is situated, at the price for which the same was or were struck off Jt the public sale of lots in Baid town, held at the town of Wooster, in July, one thousand eight hun. dred and seventeen, with interest from that date; and on making such entry, and paying for such lot or lots, as aforesaid, patents shall issue for the wme, in the manner they are issued for other land sold by the United States : Provided, hoicever, That nothing herein contained shall l>e construed to affect or prejudice the rights of third persons to my such lot or lots, or to hold the United States :o any warranty of title purporting to be conveyed ay e<iid patents. Approved, July 27, 1842. [Resolution?Public, No. I.] IOINT RESOLUTION on the subject of print, ing the tablt s of the sixth census. Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Re. nesentatircs of the United 'States of America in Congress assembled, That the payment of the noney heretofore appropriated by Congress, to pay he expenses of the sixth census, be so far susn nded, as that money shall be paid for the print, ng of the compendium or abridgement of the. iixth census by counties and principal towns, tojethcr with the tables of apportionmont, as pre. jared at the Department of State for the use of 7on<rrcss, until the further order of Congress. Approved, April 14, 1812. [Resolution?Public, No. 2.] V RESOLUTION further to provide for the dip. tribution of the printed returns of the 6ixth ccn- I 6us, and other documents connected with the ; same, the printing of which have been here tofore directed bj law. Resolved by the Senate and House of Rcprccntaiives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the statistics, including I he census of pensioners, and the compendium or LbriJgcmcnt of tho sixth census of the United | states, heretofore required by law to be printed ' mder the direction of the Secretary of State, shall J >c distributcd and disposed of by the Secretary in he mannei and in the proportions specified in the ' oiut resolution of Congress passed the frest day f September, one thousand eight hundred and for- | y-one: Provided, aliruys, That seventeen thou- I and copies of the said compendium or abridgenent shall be distributed among the States, Tcrilories, and persons entitled to distribution under he said resolution, and in the proportions therein j pccif.ed, und that the remaining copies of the I aid statics and compendium be placed in the J .ibrary of Congress for future distribution. Approved, April 15,1812. [Resolution?Public, No. 7.] OINT RESOLUTION to institute proceedings to asccitain the title to Rush Island, ceded in the Caddo Treaty. Resolved by the Senate and Ihuse of Reprc. j entatites of the United States of America in J Congress assembled, That the District Attorney j f the United States for the Western District of | zouisiana be, and is hereby directed to institute uch legal proceedings in the proper court as may ' c necessary to vindicate the right of the United tatcs to Hush Island, which is alleged to have | een improperly included in the limits of the lands bv the Caddo Indians to the United States, | y the treaty of the first July, eighteen hundred < nd thirty-five, and reserved by said treaty in favor ! f certain persons by the name of Grappo. Approved, August 33, 1812. [Resolution?Public, No. 8.J OINT RESOLUTION authorizing experiments j to be made for the purpose of testing Samuel j Colt's submarine battery, and for other purposes. Resolved by the Senate and House of Repe- ; entatives of the United Slates of America in j Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the j a\*y be, and he is hereby, instructed to render [ Ir. Samuel Colt facilities to test his submarine attery to any extent which will settle the question hcthcr this or any other plan can, with caw nd safety, successfully be employed as a power efficient to destroy the largest class of ships of ,-ar whcD in motion, passing in or out of harbor, ,'ithout the necessity of approach within reach of I hot from guns of the largest calibre; and whether | ontinued operations of the destruction of one or j lore vessels can be effected without renewing the icans under exposure of an advancing squadron ; nd whether the same can be used fur the defence fa harbor without endangering the passage in or [ ut of other than hostile vessels. And that he re- j . ; c /- j ort at the next khwu vi vuuvn? . nd result of those experiments: Provided, That j fie amount so expended docs not exceed the sum ; f fifteen thousand dollars, to be taken from the I and appropriated by the act of eleventh of Sep- | :mbcr, eighteen hundred nnd forty-one, for cxperi-1 icnts connected with the naval service of the 'nited States. See. And be it further rceolrrd, That the t Secretary of the Navy be, and be is hereby, au1 thorucd to make sue* experimental trial of tl>c j several inventions of Thomas M. Easton, Etnan J Campbell, Haron Quinsly, or cither of them, or i other persons, to prevent the explosion of steam 1 j boilers, as may be necessary to test their value and | utility as applicable for the purpose aforesaid to the i ' steamships of the United States, and the sum of - six thousand dollars is hereby appropriated therefor1 out of the fond heretofore n?mcd. Approved, August 31, 16T-2. [Resolution*?Public, No. 9 ] A RESOLUTION to provide for the payment of j expenses incutrcd by the Legation at Mexico. Resolved by the Senate and House of Repre. j scntatites of the United States of America in : Congress assembled, That the sum of s;x thousand I Un on,! ic annrnuriatcd. out of anv : uuuaio uiiu *?v?v -rj ( v ^ | money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, I to defray the expenses incurred by the legation of i j the United States at Mexico on account of the j subsistence, clothing, and transportation of prison, era; Provided, So much be necessary upon the i adjustment of the accounts at the State Depart- i mcnt. i Approved, August 31, 1813, [RksOIXTJON?PlBLlC, No. 10.] A RESOLUTION to authorize an extension of a contract for carrying the mail. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatires of the United States of America in ! Congress assembled, That the Postmaster General ! be, and lie is hereby, authorized, if in his opinion , j he interest of the Department will be promoted { j hereby, to extend at this time the contract for the j conveyance of the mail on the Potomac, for four j j years from the termination of the present contract, | in such way as to receive the regular transmission i of the mail by means of ice-boats; And provided, That the compensation does not exceed the present rates for two boats' service. Approved, August 31, 1842. , TKKTlf. j The teetii vary a good deal according | to the kind of food on which the animal is j destined to live ; but in man and the high, j j erordcis of animals they may be divided | j into three distinct groups :* 1st, The inci- j sor cir cutting tec.'h, being the eight broad i and fat teeth, with a sharp cutting edge. I seen in front of the lower jaw**. 2d, The ; i cvspidali, canine, or dog teeth, being the j I sharp-pointed, roundish-bodied teelli, four J in number, in contact with each of the j outer incisor teeth, and called canine from j ; being large in the dog arid carnivorous an. | imals, and used by them for the purpose of j seizing and tearing their food ; and, 3d, j The molarcs, or grinders, twenty in num. bci, situati d at the back part of the jaw, j and so called from their ofiico being to ! grind or bruise the food subjected to their I action. The term grinders, however, is I sometimes restricted to the three back ' teeth on each side, and seen to have douJ hie roots and broad grinding surface ; and ! the two intervening between them and ; lho cus]>ida!i are styled bicuspidati, or double speared, from bearing a greater > resemblance to a double-headed canine i tooth than to the other gr.ndcr*. The teeth are modified in different ai.i j ! inals o suit their habits of hfe. In herbivore us animals, the canine teeth, f?r \\hich they have no use, are comparatively undeveloped ; whereas in carnivorous animals, which tear their prey in pieces, the can nc teeth are laigor, powerful and pointed, and the incisors comparatively small. In these animals they constitute what are propel!y called tusks, and in some species tiiey are of a truly formidaI ble character. The molar, or grinding | teeth, differ in like manner, according to ! the nature of the food. In herbivorous and granivi r. us animals they a e large and powerful, and to increase their cffica cy the lower jaw admits of considerable Internal motion in a horizontal direction ; whereas, in carnivorous animals, it admits > of motion only upwards and downwards, i ns in opening and shutting (lie mouth.? I The lateral grinding motion is very evt- 11 dent in ruminating unirnals, such as the j < cow, which, after having filled its stom- < jell with provender, is generally seen to < lie dow n and ruminate or chew the cud, us i it is culled?the rumination consisting in I bringing up small masses of herbago from I the stomach, r.nd submitting them to n ! { thorough mastication or grinding between ' I its molar teeth, before being again swal- ! <' owed and digested. 1 Fiom this relation between the food and | the organs of mastication, naturalists can j < tell with certainty, by simply inspecting j1 the teeth, on what kind of food the animal : t to which they belong is intended to live; ! I and as the teeth of innn partake of the characters of those of both heibivorous i and carnivorous animals, theie cannot be i a doubt that his diet was intended to be i of a mixed kind, not confined exclusively i to either the vegetable or the animal king, dom. i Hard and resisting as the teeth appear, I they muststiil be regarded as living struc- i tures. Anatomically speaking, each tooth is divided into three parts: the fang, or root, implanted in the socket of the jaw- i bono ; the neck, or portion encircled by i tho gum ; and the white croicn, .appearing above the gum, and covered with enamel. I i The root of each tooth is perforated j < longitudinally by a small canal, through I which the bloodvessels and nerve are ad- < inittcd to its central parts. From these < bloodvessels the tooth derives its nourish- t ment when growing; but they afterward i almost entirely disappear. From the j i nerve it derives that sensibility which j < makes us instantly aware of the contact < of bodies either too hot or too cold with I the teeth; and which, when the nerve is j I diseased, gives rise to the racking pain of i toothache. So effectually is life maintained in the teeth by this provision of vessels and <i nerves, that a tooth newly e.xtracled from 11 the socket of a young animal, and implanted in tho ffcsliy comb of a cock,Jias been < found to adhere and retain its vitality; and in like manner, if, in early lift*, a tooth extracted by accident be immediately re- ' placed in its socket, it will generally ad* here and live. 'J'he visible part, or crown of the tooth, is covered with a very hard, white, ivory* looking Hubstnuce, called enamel, which serves to prevent it from being worn down by friction, and into which neither blood vessels nor nerves have been observed to penetrate. Owing to this structure. the tooth can be safely exposed without sustaining damage?-a privilege oa which most persons will be disposed to place n higher value after having experienced th" pains consequent upon injury of the nerve from a portion of the enamel bei ing broken off. An obvious advantage attending the vitality of the teeth is, that it enable* .1 i- i-i- !-?? * - mem 10 nccoimnounie tnemseives to lb# growth of the jaw and the real of the system at the different periods of life. I# early infancy, when the human being i# designed to live exclusively on hit mother's milk, which of course requires o# mastication, and consequently no teeth, the latter are still imperfectly formed end entirely hidden in the jawj it is only it the end of some months that the front or cutting teeth begin to appear; and the whiju set oCmHk, deciduous* or faUiry[.o*t teeth, twenty in number, is not completed till about or after the third year* lis the course of three or four years more, how* ever, growth has advanced so far that the first set of teeth no longer fill the jaw; and they soon begin to be displaced by the second or permanent set, the gradual de? vclopemcnt of which commences at that period of life, and is not finished till the appearance of the last four grinders, or wisdom teeth, about the age of maturity. It is a curious fact, that the infant is born with the rudiments of both sets ot teeth in the jaw at thesamo time, although neither rnnkes its appearance till long after birth. The permanent teeth lie in a line under the mik-tceth, and it is from their grow th, causing the gradual absorption of the roots of the first teeth, and the hitter no longer retain their hold of the jaw, but drop out as soon as the others are ready to nr<if rnHp. I ? The chnn^ot in (he condition of (he teeth, it may bo remarked in passing, in* dicatc clearly what species of food nature has intended for us at different ages. In early infancy, when no teeth exist, the mother's milk is tho only nutriment re* quired ; and in proportion ns the teeth begin to appear, a small addition of soft farinaceous food, prepnred with milk, may ho made with propriety, and gradually increased. But it is impossible to took at the small jaw, moderate muscle, and imperfect teeth of early life, without perceiving that only tho mildest kinds and forms of animal food are yet admissible, and that the diet ought to consist essentially of soft and uniiritating materials. It is not till the permanent teeth Kara appeared that a full proportion of the ordinary kinds of butcher-meat becomes either beneficial or safe. Tho teoth, being living parts, and at the samo time endowed with a fhecfiinical function, are liable to injury in both cnparitics. Being composed chiefly of earthy matter, such as phosphate and carbonate of lime, the contact of strong acids decomposes their substance, and leads to their rapid decay. Hence, the whiteness ptodticed by acid tooth-powders and washes is not less deceitful than ruinoua in its const quences; and hence also great caul ion is necessary in swallowing tha acid drops frequently prescribed by the physician, which ought never to bo allowed to come in contact wilh the teeth. Being constantly moistened with saliva, the teeth have a tendency to become incrusted with the tartar, or earthy matter, which it contains in solution, and wh ch is separated from it partly by the evaporalion of the more fluid constituents in brent hiny. and nartlv by chymical decom - a. % 0 m 0 position. As (his incrustation not only jcstroys tho ttclh, but also promotes their Jccuy, it becomes an object of care tore, moire it as soon as it is formed; and the most effectual mode of doing so is to brush !he teeth regulurly twice a day?especial, y in the morning, when the quantity is greatest?with a brush dipped in soft wa. ler, till every particle is removed. The lddition of any soft impalpable powder ivill assist in the etrect; but nothing cm. jablo of acting chemically on the teeth, >r of injuring them by friction, ought ever lo be resorted to. Washing the mouth after every meal is also a g<>od preservative. When the teeth arc not used for a time, and when digestion is impaired, thequan* tity of tartar which accumulates on diem is very great. Hence they are* &Iwdya most incrusted in the morning,'and in fevers and other affections where no food is taken, and the stomach is at the same time disordered. I have seen one in* stance in which a thick crust of tartar w as removed by a dentist in the belief of its being a diseased tooth?7th* tooth itself on which it was formed being left'in the jaw perfectly sound. When the tartar is not duly removed, its presence injures the teeth, irritates tho 3'um, and generally icaun, sooner or wici, to considerable suffering. The regular cashing anu brushing above mentioned jiiglit, therefore, to be sedulously practised at every period of life, and taught ac i duty to the young. When digestion is rery vigorous, the health good, and tha Jiet plain, and containing a full proportion )f vegetable matter, the deposition of tartar seems to be diminished, and the teeth to be naturally of a purer whitc^ M?ny rustics and aavagu? thus possess teeth v\ hich would he envied in a town. When digestion is impaired, and acid? iL^ ify prevails in (lie a omacn, iuo hiinvw secretions in rho mouth also become si. tcred in character, and by their incessant contact injure and even destroy (lie teeth. From lhi? cause *c often see the teeth in voting people in a statu of complete decav. Him are in itulity f(ic subject of chyrui.