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m- 4.: aw? <swmmw mrmwrnm* ^ ' " 1 1 ' VOLUME VII CHERAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 39, 1841. NUMBER 7~ " ; Br M. MAC LEAW. Tbkms:?Published weekly at three dollars a year; with an addition, when not paid within three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers inay take the paper at five dollars in advance; and ten at twenty. Four subscribers, not receiving their papers in town, may nay a year's subscription with ten j dollars, in advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. > Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers in arrears. Advertisements not exceeding IB lines inserted er one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each ; ubsequent time. For insertions at interval* of two weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar if the intervals are longer. Payment due in 1 advance for advertisements. When the number ' of insertions is not marked on the copy, the adrrrtiseinent will be inserted, and charged lil < trdered out. mr The poaUg? newt be paui on if tiers 10 incr; editor on the business of the office. From the American Farmer. SuneiiL Plouohino ?In our last, we I to-<k occasion to advance our vi >ws in support of subsoil ploughing, an 1 it gives I us no little pleasure to find ourself su tain, ed by Or. Jackson in his Report <>n the j Geologv of New Hampshire. To render | * 'the subject the more intelligible. it mnv be j necessary to state, that Mr. Win. Trip- j ure, the head of the Shaker village, in 1 that state, sent Or. Jackson several specimens of the soils of the farm belonging to ' that society. The memoranda accom- , panying two of thern are as follows: 44 No. 3 is a very weak soil, rather moist than otherwise, producing only white birch hushes, and wild gulden rod (Solidago) and will not retain the manure applied inore than one or two years." 4* No. 4 is the suhsoil of tho above, (No. 3.)" 44 Would not these two intimately mixed form a good soil ?" Upon which Professor Jackson makes the subjoined remarks; 44 Darin? tho past winter, a Iar?o share ; of mv tin e has beenjde^o ec'? o e e rches into the miure^of the soils, a.id I intended I to publish in this Rcpoit a full account of the results to which I had arrived, but the subject requires so many details and general considerations, in order to render itfullv comprehensible, that it would be impracticable to have the Report ready in season, if all the matter should he printed. By advice of the Governor and Council, I have therefore suppressed a lar^e portion i f my remarks. and shall reserve them for the fit I It port, which will ho publish ?d hereafter. We shall then he able to j g ve a still in detailed account of the j nature and modes of improvement of soils, and hope to obtain much valuable statis. tical informttion concerning the agriculO C* ture of the S:ate. I have inserted the general results of the proximate analyses, in order to exhibit the proportions of earthv saline and ve?ef.iKlp mn'fprv in fiie ?ml< which have M been analyzed. In my next Report, I shall give a full account of the precise nature of the organic matters which have been detected insoiisof various grades of fertility. I may here state that we have discovered the following ingredients D ?3 in tho organic matter of all the soils which have been analyzed, and that they i varv in proportions in different soils and at different seasons of the year, so that the utmost detail will he required hereafter in the expesition of their relations to each other, and to the mineral ingredients. The soluble organic ingredients found in all fertile soils, according to the researches of Berzelius. Hermann, and those which I have made during the past j three years, are. Crenic acid, A nor rente acid. Humic arid. Mutnin, and Extiaet of HumusThese matter- are genornllv combined with the basis Lone. Magnesia, Soda or ' Fotish, Ammonia, Manganese, Per.oxide | of iron and Alu nina, forming extremely ' complex combinations which require the exertion of the utmost skill of the chem- j ist for their separation. As n general result. I would also state that the creruc and humic acids, combined with lime and ammonia, exist in the subsoils; hence we inay account, in a measure, for the advantages arising from deep and sub-soil ploughing, which bring j these valuable soluble ingredients within the reach of plants. In several nog and pond waters I have m also found the apocrenate and humate of ammonia, in considerable quantities, and I have no doubt that the differences observed in the relative value of waters for j w irrigation depends upon the presence or j absence of these soluble matters. When we form compost manures, we should endeavor to produce those useful i substances which may be deficient in I the natural soil, and to replace those i which are exhausted by the repeated re- j moval of crops, or hv infiltration and de- j composition. It becomes us, therefore, i to ascertain mo<t minutely the chemical ' nature of soils, and to study attentively the effects of compost manures. Th is ' subject is yet in its infancy, and requires the aid of th3 most careful and scientific researches for its full elucidation." It would appear from the analysis of professor Jackson, that substances highly favorable to vegetation exist in sub-soils, which require only to be brought to the surface and mingled with the surface i soil, or to be so opened by the plough, as < to be within the reach of plants and the I action of atmospheric influence, to become soluble and, thus be converted into < nutriment of great value to vegetation, i As his researches have been directed to the subject, we have a right to conclude i that the results he has arrived at, as well | as the opinions formed by him, aro cor- I rect. If they are, and we doubt not that i they ate, the benefits to result from subsoil ploughing, or even trench-ploughing, will i prove of incalculable value. We have I known many farmers who depreciated the I idea of deep ploughing sandy surface soils superincumbent upon hard pan, or argil- i aceous subsoils, on the plea that the former would bo poisoned. Against the jus- I tice or propriety of 9iich fears we have ever protested, because it was our opinion that by bringing up the latter and commingling it with the first, a soil superior to either would be produced, for all admit, that mould is infinitely preferable to sand, or tenacious clay: and ail must admit too, that no plant was ever yet cur Ui'ed of its fair proportions, or deprived its pow ;r of maf 'ring its seed, by having .1 doep b^d of healthful earth from which to derive its food. Nor will it be contended, that deep soils are not better adapted to the purposes of culture than shallow ones, where there may exist the rightful distribution of constituent proprietors to he converted into vegetable pabulum. The existence of some in excess, might, to be sure, operate for a short period disndvantageously, but timey which fakes off the sharp angles and asperities ofthe human character, which enables man to assume the mastery over his passions, will, by a course of judicious culture and continuous cropping, abstract this excess, and render the soil fertile. So that the danger of injury from mixing the surface with the subsoil, is more imaginary than real. But even if it were not, ) almost every farmer has a corrective at hand?and that corrective may be found in lime, ashes, or marl. Therefore, we say to all. plough deep?subsoil plough, if practicable?or, if you prefer it, trenchplough. ; ALKALINE MANURES?COMPOSTS. , Professor Jackson in speaking on the above subjects has the following observations : " VVe can from experimental trials and and from long and repeated observations, give some us :ful directions as to the ope- 1 ' ration of compost manures. The follow- j ing results may therefore he found of ad- I vantage 'o the farmer, Ve getable matters, on decomposition, produce a b.own substance, which has acid properties: By the action of alkaline matters, such as potash, soda, ammonia, and lime, we may correct this natural acidity, and at the same time convert a larger proportion of the vegetable mould into a soluble manure, capable of being taken up by the rootlets of plants, and suitable for assimilation in the vegetable sap vessels. Animal matter, containing a large proportion of nitrogen, gives out a great quantity of ammonia when decomposed. Hence the well known value of animal ex- r merits as manures, even on soils already charged with a sufficiency of < vegetable matters. Now we shall see that the influence ot ' lime in a compost heap, composed of veg- ; etable and animal matters in a state of , decay, is to eliminate the ammonia from the putrid animal matters, so as to cause it to act jpoti the vegetable substances, which are naturally acid, and to render a large proportion of the organic matter soluble in water. The influence of lime is also excrtefl to neutralize acids which in their free state, 1 are noxious ; such, for instance, as the sulphuric and phosphoric acids, and their acid salts, and the resulting combinations with lime are extremely favorable to vegetation. Gypsum, if mixed into a compost where carbonate of ammonia is eliminated, is partially decomposed, and carbonate of , lime and sulphate of ammonia result, which the experiments of i\Jr. Lecoq and others have proved to be valuable saline manures. Carbonate ammonia is also well known to be a most powerful manure, but we cannot afford to use in a ' large way so costly a substance as the commercial article. We must, therefore, make it indirectly in our compost heaps, as I have long siBce stated in former ReO porta. When we compost together through the winter, peat, swamp muck, rotten wood, or any vegetable matters, with barn-yard manure, and in the spring season we mix into the heap, about three weeks before we intend to use the compost, some recently slacked lime, (or, if that is not to be had, some unleached ashes or potash will answer,) we generate, from the decomposition of the animal matters, an enormous quantity of ammonia, which will be absorbed by the vegetable acids, and the manure will be powerfully augmented in strength and value. The proportions in which peat or swamp muck and stable manure have been employed on a large scalet successfully, are as follows : Three loads of swamp muck or peat, One load of stable or barn-yard or any animal manure. These are made into a compost heap, and are allowed to ferment over winter? n dt long enough for decomposition to commence. In the spring season* one cask of re- |? cently slacked lime is to be carefully (| mixed in, while digging over the heap. n The lime extricates the pungent, gaseous ^ alkali ammonia which penetrates every part of the compost heap and nuetralizes the organic acids, forming valuable soluble *' compounds. Night soil and the urine of animals is 11 also a most useful addition to a comDost neap, and will produce more ammonia 11 than any other animal manures. Every a farmer should provide some means for g saving the liquid manures which are so f frequently wasted, for if properly used^ 4 liqtf.d manures are of very great value."" " p If peat, swamp muck or rotten wood 0 can be obtained, they may be made to absorb the liquids by placing them under the stable, or a trench may be cut from the stable and vault, and the liquid manures may he conveyed thereby into the n vegetable compost which in such case I1 may be placed at a distance from the 1 dwelling house, tit a lower level. v Vegetable matters of the kind above v should also be put into the hog-styes, and C the hogs will soon convert it into a good i compost. Every hog, says the celebrated farmer Mr. Phinney of Lexington, will make ten loads of good compost manure if you will afford him the materials, p In the spring the compost is to be thrown { out from the styes, and then lime or ashes may be advantageously mixed with it, and it will be ready for use in 10 days. Many intelligent and enterprising farmers v already practice some of the rules here * laid down, and it is desirable that all ^ should know the theory of their opera- c tions. v The above views of Professor Jackson t are founded on|common sense, reason|and philosophy, and uhould rlbeive attention. From the National Intelligencer. j AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF THE UNITED J STATES. C A meeting of the friends of Agriculture t from the different sections of the United r States was held, pursuant to public notice c .1 *t 11 <?ii rt r n in me nan or inn nou.se 01 xvepreNenm- s lives, on the 15th of December, 1841 ; wlien, ^ On motion of the Hon. Dixon H. Lew. s is, of Alabama, the Hon. James M. Gar. ?; nett, of Virginia, was appointed Piesident of the meeting; nnd the Hon. D. H. Lewis, of Alabama, Hon. Edmund I)e- * berry, of North Carolina, Dr. James W. ' Thompson, of Delaware, Joseph Gales. P Esq., of the District of Columbia, Benja- c tnin V. French, Esq. of Massachusetts, n * (] and .las. T. Giffoid, Esq. of Illinios, were appointed Vice Presidents; and J. F. Callan, oi the District of Columbia, and j, Robert E. Horner, of New Jersey, were f appointed Secretaries. t The President, having very ably and r pointedly addressed the Convention, ap- c pointed the following Committee to pre. j sent the Constitution of the Society, viz. f Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, of D. C., Hon. D. s H. Lewis, of Alabama, Hon. James A. r Poarce, of Maryland, Hon. Zadok Casey, j of Illinois, Hon. G. M. Keim, of Penn- | ^ylvania, John Jones, Esq. of Delaware, Peter Thatcher, Esq. of Massachusetts, j. andC. F. Mercer Esq. of Florida, who, e lifter having retired for a few moments, t reported a Constitution, which was read j and adopted. On motion, J. S. Skinner, Esq. Hon. D. H. Lewis, and Han. H. L. Ellsworth c wore appointed a committee to wait upon the Chairman, and solicit a copy of his f address for publication. r On motion ol Mr. Torrev, of Mass. it was j Resolved, That the Board of Control of j s the Society he instructed to present a petition to the present Congress of the Uni r ted States to set apart the Smithsonian t hequest for the purpose of carrying out the objects of the Society. The Hon. Levi Woodbury ol New (3 Hampshire, Hon. LewisF. Linn, of Mis. J souri, Hon, William C. Rives, of Virgin- ^ ia, Hon. D Lewis, of Alabama, Hon. v John Hastings, of Ohio, Hon. Henry L. ( Ellsworth, of the District of Columbia, v and J. F. Callan, of the District efColum- J" bin, were appointed a Committee to g lect the Officers of the Society provided t Ct\r in f lio T^.nnut itntinn fn sprvn until the f regular election in May next. On motion, it was Ordered, That subscription papers be left with the Secretary of the Senate, the Clerk of the House of Representatives, ^ the Librarian cf Congress and with the , Secretaries of this meeting may enrol their names. Ordered, That the proceedings of this meeting be published in all the newspa. j pers of District. I And the Convention adjourned. I J. F. CALLAN, ( R. E. HORNER, ( Secretaries. A family in Maryland were all lately made sick, by eating of hominy boiled ' in a brass kettle, in which it had remain. 1 ed all night. -?? ATCO!f AL INSTITUTION TO* THE PBOXOf TION OF SCIENCE. The Society held its stated meeting tst Monday night for the first time in is magnificent hall of the Institution, ne of the largest and finest rooms in the rorld, being of the length of two.hundred nd sixty-five feet and of the breadth of ixtj'-five feet. The arched seiling of be Hall is supported by collonnades, and be lesss|ated floor is of beautiful marble. About one hundred members attended be neeting; among whom were Cabinet nd Foreign Ministers, Members of Con;resv? apd many other distinguished uncuonvies of Government and devoMuch imortsnt business was transacted, develping the great resources, rapid growth, nd interesting character of this Instituion. It was peculiarly gratifying to observe, n this occasion, the feelings of national ride so strongly manifested for the con. inii)d success of this establishment, of rhich there can be but little doubt, when re tee the fostering care of the General iov?rnment generously bestowed upon t.?Nat. Intel. WINE IN INDIANA. A statement is made in the Louisville tapers as to the production of a vineyard n Irdiana, four miles from Utica. The ineyard was seven acres in extent, with inly one acre and a half bearing, and ines planted in rows six feel apart, and hree feet apart in the rows. The proluce is stated to have been one thousand >ne hundred and seventy gallons of pure vine. The grape was the Catawba, and he vines five years old. CURIOSITIE8 ARRIVED. The ship Jeannetta, which arrived al ^ew York, a few days since, from New South Wales, has on hoard a number ol nirtous petrifactions, with a great varie. y of shells and other interesting speci. nenw of natural history. Also a largt :ollection of seeds of flowering plants a nc hrubp, from Now Holland, New Zealand md Norfolk Island, and some curious and eautiful bids?al! for the "National \s. ociaton for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences" at Washington. extraordinary dicovery We copy, 'eihatim the (blowing notice ol a late <Yence discovery, from an English pa. icr. Whether it is of any importance, ir whether it is any discovery at all, we re entirely ignorant, but hope some of mr inquisitive readers will testit: "The injection of a solution of chlorure if aluminum into the aorta or main arteral trunk of animal, will preserve it fresh or and indefinate period, without impu. ing to it the slightest taste. The chloic acid of the salt renders the gelatine r decomposable part of animal matter ncapable of decomposition, perhaps by lestrnying some alkali, for which the miri rmu a rrronfrir nfRnifv than fnP nlil. IVIU IIIIQ (I gl V/U VVI Ulllllli^ ? ? M I VIn.num. The latter substance, thus deirived of its acid, becomes an incipid )owder. The particulars of this discov;ry, by M Gannnl. will he found in the >ulle:in of the French Academy of Sci? inceJj for the sitting of March 22, and ir he Literary Gazette of that meeting.? 7rom two to five pounds of salt, disvercd Depasture of the Amistad Afri;ans?These personages, thirty-five in lumber, being all that survive, embarked in Wednesday last at New York, for Siera Leone, on board the barque Gentleman, .ccom[Mined by the Rev Mr Steele, Kev fir Raymond and Mrs Raymond, mis. iona.'ies, and Mra^d Mrs Wilson, teach:rs. From Sierra Leone they anticipate 10 difficulty in reaching their own coun. rv. J Silk at Jamaica, VV I.?A correspond, knt of the Philadelohia North American, iritin* from St. Ann's Bay, J a., Oct. l.'hh, lays:?" I founathe prospects of the Yankee hlk Company, headpd by Mr. Whitmarfh, pry fine. Our vessel (rhe ba-que Marline, }apt. Venard, brought eight millions of silk vorm eggs for the company. They have aleady completed a cocoonery 100 f. ?'t long for he worms The trees have attain'd a height ilmost incredible in so short a time. 1 rees hat v ere planted some nine month* ago, are rom 10 to li feel high." AN EXTRAORDINARY WOMAN. In the anatomy school at Oxford, Engand, among other curiosities, they show he skeleton of a woman who had ten Disbands, and was hanged at the age ol 16, for the murder of four of them. THE UNITED STATES BANK. W* ?:c~J I *V., " v aic giauucu II# icnin, days IIIC Philadelphia Gazette that proposals have )een made to the government, through the Collector of this port, for the purchase of the magnificent banking house of this :orpo.*ation, for a custom house. rHE FREE BANKS?BANKING SYSTEMS. &C. We observed a statement in the Na. lional Gazette a day or two since, which was vastly erronious in reference to the free hanks in this state. It was to the efi feet t-iit the system had utterly failed? that out of about one hundred hanks created under the general banking law only ten or fifteen were left standing. We will in the first place correct this monstrous error of fact. The whole number of banks established under that law was eighty-seven. Of that number we believe that no less than sixty are now in good standing, and generally in as good credit as any bank9 in the country. Several of them keep their bills at par in this city, and none of them are at a discount of over three-fourths of one per cent. Some few of this number may have concluded to wind up .heir business of their own motion, hut if they have done so it hu* been without any loss to the public. But certainly not more than half a dozen have done so. It is entirely safe to say that at least fifty of the free banks of this state are in full and successr..i A? iui operation. We therefore deny that the free hanking system has failed, as alleged in.the National Gazette. As far as the experi. ment of freedom was permitted to go, it may. justly be pronounced completely successful. It was to he expected that the starting of a new system would be attended with difficulties. But they have , not been greater than was generally anticipated, and we have as many banksstanding and likely to stand as are needed for all business purposes. N. Y. Sun. CRUELTY AND FOUL DEATH. On last Sabbath morning, a mm b) the ncmeof Peter Cauble, of this Conn tv. brought into town, to his master, Mr B. Fisley, a small negro boy who hat been, so badly whipped by himself o 1 his wife, Polly Cauble that his life wa I considered by the Physicians who wen called into see him, in eminent danger A State's Warrant was taken out agains Cauble who was immediately committei [ to jail. r This circumstance led to the discover; f of one much more serious and revolting It was known that Cauble had, about i week In-fore, buried a little negro girl,wh< , until now, it was supposed had diet j a natural death. The little negro bo; was questioned about the death of th * little girl, and from him the horrible am ^ sbocki >g apprehensions of her havin, hoen actually whipped to death was firs I obtained. Mr. Turner, the Coroner, be ing notified of it, promptly summoned jury of inquest, the body of the child wa disintered and examined: and we are sor rv to add, that it resulted in a conhrma ' lion of the boy's story. The verdict ol the jury was that the child had come t< , its death by violence and abuse. Polly Cauble was also immediately ar rested and committed to prison, when she and her husband are to remain to a wait their trals.?Salisbury Watchman. The following Committees have beei appointed by the Speaker of the Hous of Representatives, in addition to thosi published in our last paper: Committee on the Expenditures in 1h State Department.?Messrs. John Vai Buren, N. Y.Charles Hudson, Mass., William M. Oliver, N. Y.. John H i Brockway, Conn., Win. S. Hastings Mass. Committee on the Expenditure of th Treasury Department..?Messrs. A. Law rence Foster, N. Y., Samson Mason 1 Ohio, Samuel Patridge, N. Y., Isaac I) ' Jones, Maryland, James Irvin, P^nn. ' Committee on Vie Expenditures in h War Department.?Messrs. James J McKay, N C.. Thomas A. Temlinsnn i N. Y., Peter Newhard, Penn., John H | Brockway, Conn., Archibald, L. Lynn v v ill A Committees on the Expenditure in th< , Navy Department.?Messrs. Thnma Jones Yorke, N. J., Wm. Simonton Pjnn., Nathaniel B. Borden, Mass.. Alex H- H. Smart. Va., Willis (Ireen. Kv.. Committee on the Expenditures in (hi Post Office Department.?Messrs, Joshu? A. Lowell, Me., Christopher Morgan, N Y., Wm H. Washington, N. C., Linr Bovd, Kv., Henry S. Lane, Ind. Committee on Expenditures on the Pub lie Buildings.?Messrs. Cave Johnson Tenn.. Seth M Gates, N. Y., Benjamir A. Bidlaok, Penn., Samuel Stokely, Ohio Jacob Houck, jr., N. Y. Singular Coincidence.? One of ou citizens has two sons who are settled ir 44 distant lands." One of them reside." in Illinois and the other in Texas. The) have not been in this quarter, nor seer e.ich other for /?: #> vosirs. A few morn. ; ; j ~ J ? - ings since, the father was standing at thf Lowell depot, just as the cars had arrived from Boston. One of the passengers, observing him, came toward him unperceivcd and "tapped him" on the shoulder, Looking up, he beheld before him his son, who had just arrived from Texas. Thej started from the depot, busy in conversaI tien. They had gone but a few steps, i when another person who had been a pasi srnger in the same train, came up behind i them and touched thorn on the shoulders, Looking round, to theii astonishment and delight they beheld before them the son whose residence is in Illinois. The meet, ing was to each of them altogether unexpected. The sons had passed from Bos( ton to Lowell in the same train of car? without having observed each other. The father knew nothing of the intended visit! I of his sons, and the tons weie quite * ignorant of the movements of each other. (LoweU Cottier, Valui op a Nosa.?Many years ago we were on board the brig Cl&rrissa, of Salem, on a voyage to the north coast of Brazil. At that time good charts of tha coast were not to be had?as the trade had been but recently opeued. Ourself and another youngster were in the second REPORT Of the Committee on Federal Relatione On so much o f the Governor's Message No 1, as relates to the Controversey between Virginia and New York. The Committee on Federal Rqlatl^pfe to whom was referred *tbat port of the Governor's Message No. 1, which relates to the controversy between Virginia and New York, beg leave to KuruKT: That they have duly cooaidered the subject, and hare agreed to recommend the passage of the Bill accompanying this Report. Believing that the Senate ought to be in possession^of the matter in controversy, as well asjjof certain facts presented in ' connection therewith, your Committee ask leave to furnish the following state* ment: . I In the year 1839, Isaac, a slave of one John G. Colly, of Virginia, was inveigled or stolen, and carried to New York, by three citizens of New York, engaged as seamen on board the schooner Robert ' Center. In July of that year, the Gov. ' ernrrof Virginia made a formal demand on the Executive of New York, for the delivery, to the authorities of Virginia, of r these men, viz: Peter Johnson, Edward s S ?.ith, and Isaac Gausey, who, having 5 committed an offence against the laws of ' Virginia, a crime, in the language and ' meaning of the Constitution, were regar* -1 ded. and so represented, as fugitives from justice. y Gov. Seward, of New York, refused to ' comply with this reasonable demand, and 5 assigned as cause for his refusal, that the " right to demand, and the reciprocal ohli* 3 gation to surrender fugitives from justice y between so\ercign and independent na*" e tions, as defined by the Law of Nations, d include only those cases |n which the s acts constituting the offence charged, are 11 recognized by the universal law of alt 1 civilized countries. That the provision a in ihn Constitution of the United Stales, 8 i re'ative to the demand of fugitives from (justice, applies only to those acts, whim, ;f committed within the jurisdiction of the ' State in which the person accused is 'J found, would be treasonable, felonious, or crim na . by tiie laws of that State: that no law of New York at this time recog. e i . I iiiack, iiw Finnic auuiuiou, iu<ti uue inaii ' j could be tiie property of another ; or that | one man could be solen from another; i and that consequently, the lawn of Vir* ^ | ginia, making ttie stealing ol a slave felo. a I ny, did not constitute a crime within the j meaning of the Constitution. | That ;>art of the 2d Section of the 4th Artic'e of the Constitution alluded to, is in ihe<e words: " Any person with treason, felony, or other crime in any > State, who shall flee from justice, and ' j .shall be found in any other State, shall, I on demand of the State from which ho fl:d, be delivered up. and removed to the State having jurisdiction of the offence." The Governor of Virginia, in one of his communications to the Executive of New York, a?ys: " Is it true that the offence committed by Peter Johnson, Ed* ward Smith, and Isaac Causey, is not re' cognized as criminal by the universal law j of all civilized countries? They are ' jcharged with feloniously stealing from I John G. Colly, a citizen of this State, property which could not have been worth | less than 6 or 7 hundred d liars. And I ' ! understand stealing to be recognised as a crime, by all laws, human and divine." 'n . . u: _ . t. _ r* - e VT v - ? i ?# mis i?ic uuvernor ur i^iew tor* re* pi es: 4411 is feely admitted, that the argument would be at end, if it were as Hear that one human being may be the, property of another, as it is that stealing is a crime. On the contrary, however, I must " ! insist, with perfect resjiect, that the gener' | nl principle of civilized communities, is in 1 ! harmony with that which prevails in this ' State, that men are not the subject of property, and of course, that no such ctime can exist in countries where that r | principle prevails, as the felonious stealing i | of a human being considered as property." i Against this monstrous, disorganizing r doct ine, so cioly avowed by the Execiu i tive of New York, every intelligent man in Carolina will indignantly protest. The 1 2d Section of the 4th Article of the ConI stitution above quoted, in the 3rd para? I graph, provides, that " No person held to service or labor in one State under the > laws thereof escaping into another, shall, i in consequence of any law or regulation therein,be discharged from such service or labor, hut shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due." I Which Section refers clearly to the > property of the South in slaves, tad thua ' distinctly recognise such property, with* > out which recognition, and a due regard to its protection by such fundamental provision, this State would never have en* tered into the Federal Compact. The Governor of Virginia, presenting > these frets to the Legislature of that II State in his annual Message, that Legiv