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fi (I * * ' asm (QEUMBiLW ;. ' .. VOLUME VI CHER AW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY. MAY 19 IMJ. NUMBER 37 By Iff. MAC LEAY. Terms:?Publish**! weekly^at three dollars a year; with an addition, when"not j>aid w.thin three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the paper at live dollars in advance; ana ten at twenty. Four subscribers, not receiving their papers in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten dollars, In advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. Papers not discontinued tosolcmt subscribers in arrears. Advertisements not exceeding 16 lines inserted r one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each ubsequent time. For insertions at interval- of two weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar if the intervals are longer. Payment duo in advance for advertisements. When the number of insertions is not marked on the copy, th" advertisement will be inserted, and charged till f dered nut. O" The postage must he paid on letters to the editor ou the bij^nrss of the office. From the Boston Courier. THR FOURTH AGRICULTURAL MKCTING.? LIVR STOCK. The fourth agricultural meeting was held at the State House, on the evening of the 4th inst., Hon. D. P. King in the ' chair. The subject of discussion was live stock. Mr. Colman introduced the subject by ^ a succinct account of the various breeds which had been and were to be found in the country; enumerating and describing the native stock, the Devon, ihe Hereford, the Yorkshire, the Holderness, the Alderney, the improved Durham Short Horn, the Ayrshire, and lastly a new race, which, by the skill and perseverance of a gentleman from whom the meeting would hear presently, had been formed in our vicinity; and in some respects was not surpassed by any breed known among us, or in the world, particularly for the rich. ?Ml 1 .1 . ness 01 ineir mini uuu me umuuui ui uuiter obtained from it. He proceeded to speak of some remarkable animals of our native breed which had fallen under his observation. The Oakescow, which in one instance made 7 \ 18 1-4 lbs. butter per week; an average of more than 16 lbs. per week for three months in succession, and 484 lbs. from the 1st of May to the 30lh of December in one year, besides suckling a calf for six weeks; of the Nourse cow, formerly owned by Cob Pickering, from which more than 14 lj>s. per week were obtained for four successive months; of a cow at Stockbridge, which, in three successive years, made 900 lbs. of butter; of a cow owned in Shelburn, which produced 335 lbs. of butter in one year; and a cow in North-Adams, which produced 425 lbs. of butter in one year. These were extraordinary examples. Others might be found. But they are individual instances; and among our native stock we have no established race of animals. whose excellent qualities may be pronounced fixed by always breeding from the very best, unless it be in the case already referred to. a In England, great attention for more than half a century had heen paid to this subject, and by the highest skill and the most determined perseverance, valuable races had been formed. Bake well may be said to have begun these improve ments. The Messrs. uoiiins pursued it i with distinguished ability and liberality. The country patronized and encouraged Ktich improvements by the most liberal prices paid for the improved stock; 1000 guineas having been given at a public sale for the Messrs. C'ollins's celebrated bull Comet; and 400 and 600 guineas having been sometimes given for a cow, and more than 100 guineas for a calf. Mr. Colman proceeded to say that no permanent improvement can be made hut i by intelligence of observation and long ! continued perseverance in selecting the best from the best, and breeding animals with a special reference to the most desirable qualities. We have great advan- ? tages in this country, inasmuch as we can at once avail ourselves of the improvements made in Creat lJritaiu; and if the introduction of their stock would be an advantage, the best animals could be obtained at once. Mr. Colman spoke of the various tm portntions which had been mad 2 by dinerent public.spirited individuals, many of which he had had the pleasure nf seeing, especially some of the splendid importa lions made hv spirited citizens from 0'iio. the beauty of which animals, their admirable symmetry, and the perfection to which art, guided bv the most philosophical principles, had carried these improvements, excited the highe t admiration. He then proceeded to speak of the dis-1 tincyiiishcd lihr>ra!itv nf a o-nntlpm^n in ! the vicinity of Boston, who, with a view to obtain the best milking stork known 9 i abroad, had imported largely of the Ayr-1 * shire, a stock deemed abroad the best | stock known for dairy purposes. This! s*me gentleman, with his customary public spirit, had given away many of these animals with a view to the improvement ofthe stock, and had in the most liberal manner rendered these improvements accessible to any farmers who chose to avail themselves of them. The Massachusetts Agricultural Society, with their usual liberality, had done the same. w. i _ i :ur, i^uiiuuu iiitving pone 10 some ***tent into the characteristics of the difftirent breeds, from personal observation, inquiry, and experiment, concluded by saying that a gentleman present by his t invitation, who was well skilled in the t< subject now under discussion, and was ii himself the founder of the race of animals n to which he had referred, would detail u fully his progress and success in forming v this new race of animals; and would give r them, before the meeting closed, an ocu- v j lar demonstration of the superlative quali- p j ty of their cream. h Col. Samuel Jaques of Charlestown, !\ the well known superintendent of the e Stock Farm at Ten Hills, then addressed 9 the meeting at some length, but with much s good sense, and excellent humor. h He had long personal experience in this case. He deemed the improvement j r of the live stock of our country a matter of p the highest moment to the agricultural <1 and the whole community. There were v several varieties of animals, as already re. ti ferred to. He was particularly desirous d of finding a race exactly suited to our soil p and climate. n We may, perhaps, fortn a breod bettor f adapted to our purposes than any foreign ti breed now known. But as any great t! improvement could not be carried through F I and established under half a century, it d I would he wise to avail ourselves of what q had been done abroad, us far as it might tl meet our nut poses. e In 1619, he gave $600 for a bull calf, b in orde r to make a cross with some of our a best cows. Much skill is requisite in se- d lecting the cow, as well as the bull; hut a out of a thousand brought to him, there n was not one, which he found suitable. j Ralph Haskins of Dorchester had obtained, from a farmer's yard in Grolon, o a cow distinguished for the extraordinary ii richness of her milk. She was of a deep is red; resembling, in some respects, the De- tl von race; but not known to have any h foreign blood in her. She had a capacious si body, and fine silky tee!, i bis cow was a crossed with Coelebs, an imported bull, h of the Durham blood. Coelebs had pro. t< duced some remarkable milkers. It was fi in this way, Mr. Jaques thought, best to d lay the foundation of an improved stock, h His object was to obtain a stock eminent e for their dairy properties. it Having succeeded, according to his ex- Ii pcctations, in producing a race distin- ti guished for the richness of their milk, he r< he chose to denominate it the Cream pot a breed; and he had now proceeded as far ti as the fifth generation, and had already e sixty animals, more or less tinctured with ir this blood. He went, as he said, for blood, and whatever surprise it might ex- tl cite, he was confident in saying, that he p< would breed animals to order. He would n proceed upon the same principle as that pi on which the painter applies his lamp. i. black to his white lead; and in respect to fr cattle, as rumps of beef sold in market for s< a shilling per pound, and shins for three T cents, he would seek to make the rumps 'I large, and the shins small. Farmers admitted this principle of k breeding, in respect to sheep; so they s< would cross their Merino with their native, w until, by successsive steps, they improved g their wool from one half to three quarters e and seven eighths grade. All farmers r< would agree to make wool to order, if a you would promise them one dollar per vs pound. It is the same with cattle. Stock on the Exchange may bo changed and t1 transferred at once. Live Stock is not o disposed of so easily. It requires four 11! years to produoea calf, and eight years i tr a second, that is, before you can deter- ft mine their properties. q The racc-horse is not popular among j c us. We want a horse hat will do all c kinds of work. This was obtained by a p cross of the full-blood race-horse with the. u thorough bred Normandv. This colt s: was given, by a gentleman in Canada, to j n a Vermont farmer by the name of Mor- ! n gan. Tuis was the foundation of a (lis- ! tl tinguishcd breed. Tins horse would run ; n eighty rods in fifteen s con?s, He could j o j) ck out a Morgan hor-e, among a hun- j si d e l. Tile eombination of two of the j w best bloods. in this case, gave a general ' f< character. This horse is of eminent en- ! ii dura 11 *c. docile, obedient, rugged; and is a i tl full hand for i he best whip. Ii Cceiebs had no pedigree, but there was i 1 good reason to believe that lie was a direct J c descendant from the stock of Messrs. | \i Coilins. Ho waseonrident that by across fi of Ceelelis witii a suitable native row, he fi should succeed in his object of obtaining j i? rich miik an-J excellent butter.properties, j ti He had now i:i mi'k the third generation, I o .and four quarts of h-r milk had made one o pound of Suitor. Tim tuiiic conmins so j r little thn? cannot he ma"!'' into buttei, that J r in his belief one hundred pounds of her is cream would produce ninety-live pounds j t ofbuiter. J p He had now twenty-eight rows and j v heifers of tills stork; and at his pleasure !f he could breed his stock with orange color i t % ! <?r yellow round the eye, ol a mahogany |s color, white hags and black teals, as might j t be desired. This may seem incredible, t but not more incredible than the present I rate of travelling on railroads would have p j seemed loan individual who lived a hun- j < | dred years ago. I i: Most cows which arc used bv the farm- i li 1 crs for breeders, lure no more claims for j c I i i l.i i . _ mui u??|vm 111<i II <1 M\ i I U IV WOilHI I|iI VU? j n He prefers, in selecting a suitable breed, j b er, to trust bis bands more than bis eves. | t He wants to have a silky, elastic feel, j c The difference in the feel of animals, that . s is, of their skin, is like the difference be- j r ween a two dollar negro-cloth and a four, een dollar broadcloth. The difference a fatting animals arises from the thriftiiess of their constitutions, so that while ipon half a bushel of meal per day < neox vould yield only seventy-five pounds of ough tallovi, another, of a better kind, rould produce a hundred and seventy-five minds. He was told by one visiter that ie had oiled his stock; nnd on a visit to <Ir. Phinney's farm in Lexington, a farmr who had been at his place found himr.If able, among half a dozen calves, to elect two of tho (Jreanr-pot breed, simply V the feel. The breeding of swine had been enried to great perfection among us. Im rovemcnts in neat stock few would unertake. Sheep are very profitable stock, fith an amount adapted to the size of he farm. The Merino and Saxony are eemed too tender for our climate, and roduce mutton of small size f" (Iftrlipf. I'tin ?>m J ia tr\r\ lino )??9lOV?V * KV<?.\Wt! jr i'A' IIHV or general use. fie had had the Leiceser, the Lincolnshire, the new Leicester, he Tunisian sheep, and the South-Down. \>r profit, he upon the whole decidedly referred the South-Down. They were uiet, broad and flat in the back, full in be twist, round in the thigh, and presentJ a fine leg of mutton. The difference etween a South-Down leg of mutton, nd that of a common sheep, was the iffcrenoe between the thigh of a goose nd that of a dunghill fowl. Sheep give valuable yearly return, but much deends on the kind. The Berkshire and the Mackay breed f swine do not cost so much in the keep, ig as the common breeds, but the return i much greater. He insists much upon le breed. You cannot make a raceorse out of a Canadian runt, if you hould have a groom at each leg; nor by ny art bring him to run four miles at a eat, and repeat. You might as well atempt to produce upon a scrub-pear the ruit of the St. Michael's. We cannot o as we will, in many cases, because we ave not the means. Most of our farmrs have the talent, but few have the capal wherewith to make improvements, n England, capital is applied to ngriculjral improvements with the utmost ?adines9, and with a success proportionte to this liberality. Our own agriculjre has received a generous impulse, and very friend to his country mu9t wi9h it jcreased success. Mr. Putnam of Danvers then stated rat he had seen a heifer of the Creamot breed, in Southboro,' which he rccogised by her silky feel, and her milking ropertics promised well. She had been ijured in two teats, but the milk taken oin those two in one week produced iven and three-fourths pounds of butter, 'he calf took the two uninjured teats, 'his was in October. Mr. Sheldon of W'lmington was then ind enough to favor the meeting with >me valuable remarks on the subject of 'orking oxen. [The authority of this enlleman is undoubted, from his long xperience. He took by contract the sduction of Pemberton Hill, in Boston, nd hnd at one time 118 yoke of oxen at mrk there.] The object of his remarks was to assist le farmer in making a suitable selection f oxen for work. If you desire to have lose which would he free to travel and i pull, take those with a long and lean me. Those with short faces will start nick hut soon forget the whip. He hooscs oxen whose heads are long; whose yes are sharp, hut at the same time leasant. He thinks that we rnmct rely pon black-eyed oxen. (Lord Byron ivs you cannot relv upon grey-eyed ten or women.?Reporter.) They are ot docile. He would rclv as much upon ic eye of an ox as upon that o'a man, i making his preferences. He prefers xen with full bosoms, as indicative of trer.gth. In choosing cattle to travel *cll, he would have their tors straight T C n/^li /\llf II'O*'/] ?1 VlUiil* II Ult:> tin* ui? !I " w ' a travelling, the strain will crnie upon Ikj inner claw, and they will become oot-sore. If the toe is tnrnorl out, the jg will be crooked, and turned in. A looked stick will rot bear a weight >o ,'cl! as a straight one. He would avoid ar travellers, oxen with long, pointed et, and especially an ox whose ankle ? larger than his foot. He would have lie hark straight; if a little concave, not hjcciionnble, hut bv i;? means choose an x with an arched hack. For the enurance of hardship, he would have their ibs rounded and projecting; and not so c-t in, that when they run among the trees hev would strike their hips. lie much refers the early trained cattle to those rhich are late trained. This training an not he begun too soon, only pr<>j>orioning the labor put upon thnni to their trength. The Maine oxen formerly had he preference over al! others, because hey were put to the yoke when calves, 'owers of labor or endurance depend jrea'.lv upon exorcise and exposure. A ree, standing alone in a pasture, where it s beat about by winds and storms, will much more firmlv rontcd than one ;ro\vn in a forest, whe re it is sheltered nd protected l?y others. Take twin rotliers?bring tip one behind the Conner of an English goods store, and put the ither into a blacksmith's shop, and the uperiority of muscular energy will not emain doubtful. Very much depends on the manner of using oxen. They may suffer much f.om severe hardships, like a tree tried by a hurricane. He proceeded by remarking on the gen1 eral opinion, in which he did not concur, that a high-lifed horse could not be propj orly employed before oxen. He would i never, in breaking n horse to this labor, i tackle him in the afternoon. He would j spend a day in coaxing him, and never | allow him, under any circumstances, to be struck. When he began with tackling a colt, he would have a horse in sight, towards whom he might be directed. He would put him before oxen, hut ncver with a load that it would be difficult to draw; and in breaking a colt, he would nevex try to drive him away from home. Mr. Sheldon has since informed us. that his oxen at work in Boston, averaged 19 miles travel per day; and that he wished to have added some remarks on the Shoeing Cf 6Xch, 'Z "'lien he thinks great ! errors are committed. For travelling on ! ihn rond. the shoe of nn oy i? nlmnat nl. | ways made too short. It should comI pletely cover the bottom of the h? el. | Mr. Jones of West-Tisburv, being | called on by the chair, joined in the discussion. He deemed an agricultural life as highly pleasant and respectable. The raising of stock, as a branch of husbandry, had many attractions. He had resided in ! the be9t agricultural districts of England three years, and was familiar with their operations. He had attended many of their cattle shows. Much had been done in this country, but from any thing ac coinplished here, little idea could be formed of what had been effected there.? England scom9 to have carried the art of ! breeding to a high degree of perfection. He considered that greater improvements had been made in sheep than in cattle. Those of us who have not seen them, can form but a very imperfect idea of the English flocks. He had seen large flocks of the Lsicesters and the Teeswaters, not one of which would weigh less than 150 pounds. In some districts, the long woolled sheep are preferred. On the Downs, the South Downs. He had seen Mr, Coke's flock, which at that time consisted of 5000. In some districts, the sheep are all bred with yellow faces; in others, with black faces, which illustrates the principles of breeding laid down by Mr. Jaques. /N j M it n ii. T\ un our scanty sons tne ooum jltowiis would undoubtedly pay the most profit. Wo cannot grew the long wools to advantage. That had better be left to Pennsylvania and Delaware. We demand much mutton for market. On this account the South Downs are to be preferred for us. The fine wools may be advantageously cultivated where mutton is not in so much demand. We have now very good stocks foi animals if we would be careful in the selection. The Short Horns may answer for many districts in our country; but he believed the middling sized red cattle were to be preferred for us. Our agriculture is not pursued upon a sufficiently liberal scale. We do not employ sufficient enpital. He expressed his strong regret that anv intention should have been manifested for I be discontinuance of the Agricultural Survey. He thought it had been eminently serviceable, and great benefits were to be expected from it. No measure could I e adopted more conducive to the I improvement and welfare of our agricttl! hire. The Agricultural Surveys in Eng. I land had been worth millions to that i country; and he thought it a niggardly | policy and unworthy of Massachusetts to i hc'si'ate about a few thousands for the ad. , vancement of this great and common in; terest. It was matter of groat regret to j him that any thoughts should be cn'cr taincd of discontinuing the survey, which had already received the most favorable ' notices abroad. The English Agvicul. i ture was more improved than any nth r. and the great impulse to immoveme."* j was given hv the eminent labors of \r. t thur Young in his agricultural too-s. He ; hoped that, in addition to the ?wrv?leM*m !ofthe Agrioulfura! Survev. the i's i the course of five vnars would have esrahlishod a Board of Agriculture. ! Mr. Putnam made son" inquiries of i Mr. Jaques on the point whether butter is las good obtained from largo quantifiesas I small quantities of milk, as on his father's I farm, in the care of two cow3, on" giving j 47 or 48 pounds milk per day. and one ; 33 pounds milk per day in June, and ! making each about thirteen pounds of | butter per week, the quality of the butter , from the coiv giving the largest quantity J was superior to that from the. other, i Mr. Jnques was unable to give a defi! nite answer in this particular case. He " . i* i l _1 ; spoice again oi the importance 01 moon .and preserving races pure. Our rattle : had been much corrupted by intermix1 lures* With a view to test Iris principles ! he had entered largely into the breeding ! of rab its; and it had required the ninth genera ion and four hundred rahhits to reach the point at which he aimed. Excellent stock were often exhibited at Brig iton, hut a valuable race could not ho obtained without much pains. It | would require h.tlf a century in some i cases to transfer the vigor of constitution , of one race to another. The milk ofdif I lerent cows flittered essentia My in its richness. A cow exhibited at Brighton, by Hou. William Gray, some years since, gave thirty quarts of milk at a milking, but the milk produced no crcam.! Mr. Buckmin?ter, (always 9trongly in* I clined to conservatism,) deemed the sub. ject of discussion highly important, and had listened with much approbation to the remarks of Mr. Jaques. They agreed with his own opinions. So long as the imported foreign stock produced nothing better than we already had, he saw no use in importing. He thought we could not improve our stock without stock farms. Few persons are capahJe of judging accurately. Any man could see the difference between a large and a small hog, hut other points were to be determined, i He approves highly of Mr. Sheldon's no. tionsof managing stock. He would banish a whip from the farm and he would have raitie and horses broken and managed with all the gentleness possible. The time of adjournment having nearly I arrived, the mceiing were gratified with ; Mr. Jaques's exhibition of a pot of cream from his celebrated stock. It was of most extraordinary consistency, and was i converted into butler by churning in a bowl with a spoon, in the presence of the meeting, in less than one minute, thus completely verifying the declarations which he had made. The meeting was exceedingly well at. tended. The interest in these discissions increases, and with that a genera) and strong conviction of their utility. H. C. Comparative Value of IIobsks, Mules &. Oxen. Messrs. Gaylord if Tucker?An apology is due to the N. Y. State agricultural Society, for omitting to report on the subject they have twice assigned to me, hut it having been inconvenient to attend the annual meeting when the appointment was made, they were not sufficiently impressed on my mind to draw my attention to the subject in time for their meeting the present month. Indeed, in consequence of the press of other matters, it was not till now, that it occurred to me th.it this duty was to be performed., So far, however, as their object is the publication of the different reports, it may be accomplished by the insertion of this communication, but with this serious i abatement of its usefulness, that it cannot receive that revision and sane ion of the intelligent members of the board, that would so materially add to its correctness and authority. The cornpartive value of horsc9 and oxen for agricultural purposes, has so often been the subject of discussion, and the arguments so very correctly and sufficiently stated in your own paper so lately as March last, that it would hardly seem necessary to repeal them here. But there are some considerations connected with this subject, not hitherto treated of to much extent, that I will submit to the public, for the purpose of eliciting hereafter, such observations and discussion as may lead to highly important results. In a country so varied as ours in climate, soil, surface, tillage, crops, extent y. f m rv, r. i* /i V r nuiot T\ AOflfl T I _ ! Ill till 111^, VJCV. IIICIC muni iitv^Kiii ! I ly be sufficient difference in circumstan- | ces, tojustify the use of both horses and j oxen, not only m contiguous, but even on j the same premises. This assertion will appear conclusive, by simply stating the universally acknowledged merits of each. These arc summarily stated by assigni ng 1 such labor to the hors^, as is nquir;d to J much extent during the hot season, where | active movements are wanted, and when i a load is to be removed a considerable distance over a good road. This seems i to i?e the exfent of superiority claimed j tor the "noble beast." The claims of his j j more humble, but on the whole, much 1 j more useful competitor, are the smaller j J amount required to purchase them, the j i economy arid simplicity of tackle, the j ; easiness and cheapness of keep, less Iiabil- j ' i<y io diseav, dociiUy in managing, con- j is::iut improvement till thrv have attained ! fi hi!! growth, and ultimate value w eu j ' they i'-uvi outl.vod their working charnc- j ! ter. These are the generally distinguish- ! I ed charactertics between the two races ; i 1 j | though it not unfrequently happens that i /? i a 1 I I i n<l! v :<?u::iy or eacn approach ana even | cross tiiC line of demarcation, the horse ! j sometimes falling below the average j ?i standard of ox endurance and speed,} while the latter if truly bred and properly trained, boldly pushes his way into the foremost ranks of his prouder rival. That i a great improvment may result from a } strict observation of the capabilities and j requirements of each, liicre cannot be a | doubt. Let us see the position they re- ; spectively occupy at the present time.? The horses in this and the Northern Slates generally are very well adapted to the service they have to perform. If we ? it _ 11 i I except the rrenennors^, us ne i? t?ncu i (deriving hrs name probably, from his! having been almost ootiuly used by the French Canadians,) which is a cross of a very good European horse on the Indian poney ; and is in deservcdl) high reputa. tion as a hardy,, serviceable animal, and ! i is very extensively used along 4he State's , side of the Canada line; we have no well defined or distinctive breecfcuof h<.rsrs, but. they are a mixed usee, mode up fro good stallions imported from time to time* on our former stock of mares; and irt New York and Jersey especially* thera has been a high cross from the very choicest imported bloods, and to such extent hn8this been carried, that in many sections of these States, and several of the others, it will be almost impossible to hod a native animal now, that is jiot deeply in the blood. By choicest, it should not be uncjorstood, the dandy ra-- # ccrs of their day, that will run against a streak of lightning provided they have little weight to carry, btit the strong, serviceable, enduring animal, whose progeny is as well suited to the raid and plow, as their sires-Were to the turf.^Smn1?. of which were Post Boy, Messenger, Menw briho, Du oc, E I pse and Bellfounder, whose descendants may be found pretty extensively distributed over the north, , . : I...LL : ana consuiuie nn invuiunuie iiiipruvciiitru* to the former respectable stock. Tnis improvement, if universal, would probably be all that would be requisite in horse flesh. But there still remain a great number not tempered by noble blood* with ungainly heads, long sway backs rough haired, coarse jointed brutes, whose bones scarcely possess more strength or density than a corn cob; and with muscles more resembling a tan^ ned sheep skin, than the wiry sinews of the well bred beast, and if these could be at once spayed and castrated* we should secure a double benefit, in breeding fjw horses and those of the best kind. Thi que.* t 01 has been much'roooted of late in Kentucky and elsewhere at the South, (where they have in this extensive seetion, hut two kinds of horses, one good for racing, and the other good for nothing,) as to the kind of animal re* quired to improve their agricultural horsesand wisely discarding the notion of inrw porting some of the old varieties of Europe that were formerly held in considerable repute, such as the Suffolk Punch, the Cleveland Bay, the Black cart horse* and others that have much degenerated of late, whether positively or relatively I cannot say, others having been vastly improved by the infusion of better blood; and they have with much good sense ordered some of the best stallions from Long Island and elsewhere, from the stock we ! se largely possess, and from them they will' soon acquire a valuable race. We of the* north, require no importation *o secure* for us better horses than can be found in the world for our purposes. We have only to select judiciously with more show' or substance, according to the fa cy of of breeders ; and from these we can produce nil that is required. But we object to the number of horse* kept among us. They are too expensive a luxury. Food enough is consumed hy the surplus horses in this country and1 England, to make every individual in them hoth, entirely comfortable. From the earliest days after the flood to the present time, they have a prominent object of pride, as well as engine of conquest, plunder and devastation, by every tyrant and robber frr m Ninirod to Napoleon. We cannot wonder then, they were so emphatically interdicted to the Israelitish shepherds, hy the express command of Jehovah himself, for how could the narrow valleys of their limited Canaan, have contented them, or supplied half iheirswarining population with food had they possessed the proportion of horses we think essentia! to our necessities? And no sooner did Solomon commence his career of glory and conquest, accompanied by the introduction of an extensive royal stud, imitated no doubt by the nobles ano grandees of tlie land, than the nation passed under an intolerable opprcssinn, tiiat resulted in the revolt of ten twelfths of the people, and soon after, in the subjugation and captivity of all. We have no hesitation in venturing the' assertion, that were our present stock of horses reduced to one fourth their preS'nt number, and the places of another fmirfh tnrmlipA hii vnnlps. nn.H enrh Vllt to J .... ... ...rr?- 7 t ? their required duties, the remaining labor of the country <> ould be vastly more advantageously performed by oxen. But fir.it of mules. It would appear on even a very s'ight reflection, that in excluding the services of this humble, but hardy and useful animal, we are annually sustaining an immense lo?s. Probably it would not be overs;ating the case, to say that with little grooming, half the attention and feed, and no disease, they will outlive the laboring lives of horses, and do the whole work of each. But that there is great disparity in favor of the former, in the amount of labor rendered for the quantity of expense bestowed on each, those who have tested both are prompt to testify.? They are the only beast of labor that can be trusted by their masters in the hands of the slaves at the South, their hardiness enabling them to live under a usage that would kill horses almost as fast as jjarnpsscd. They are easily and cheaply roared, idror.^fbr thoir u?ight, hardy, reIf