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^ ldcat^t nur! most sterile countries of Est- I ropf\ Scotland Willi all its disadvantage rivn to a s"nto of agricultural prosperity," far bevond any thing which could have been' expected from such ti sod and climate ; a ml ; some of tho counties, especially tho Lnthi. j mis, are not inferior, in point of cuhivntiun and product, to the richest in England. At n meeting of thai Society, held a few weeks previous to my arrival, 177 memb- fs wore added r.t one time, paying three guineas entrance, and one guinea annually, and these included the names of the most respectable men m the country. At this meeting, there vas an additional sum of ?1,500 ($7,000) &u scribed, to promote tton intcrcs's of the Society. Every agricultural county makes . an annual report, and thus thirty-throe re. . ports, embracing every object of agncuL tural interest, are annually submitted to the Society.* English Agricultural Societies, although with less uniformity, are seduousIv Oiigaged in the same cause, and the result has been {lie general diffusion oi agriCultural knowledge. The different soils ? ->nn\ ~,,,a?tt?? k:nds of manures via yu ^ ? nnd; modes of cultivation ndnpicd to each, Ivjvo been pointed out. Tin*steam engine has been introduced in 'hn.shing nnd agr* cultural purposes, an J Great Britain (including Ireland and. Scotland;'.vb.ich formerly average ' n'no bushels of Wheat to the acre, last year produced in the aggregate,- 19J bushel! ;aad three oflhe counties of Sco*. l-tn'4'and several of En^hidr tivtrogcd 5i lninhol.i in tbr nr-rn Y~PirfnrT' X)V the name of Thotttt^Ohvei^ reAdtug five or *Tiii? Society was founded in I7rl, by a ff-w gentlemen, who "formed themselves into a hole corner club, in a coffee house called the Exchange," in Edinburgh. From a most wretched state they have railed the agriculture of Scot, land, until it his reached tho very topmost ran It. The means winch were employed by this society, are thus detailed in the Edinburgh Quarterly Journal of Agriculture : In t e dc.ys of its v.<uth a:nl focblenc?', the Ilighlu nd Society sent the leaven of the turnip ' husbandry into all the g'aus and straths of the nort , byotfors of small prizes to certain High, land parishes ; and the same may be said as to .the growth of clover and the liner grasses. As it advanced in elrcnglli,(us to numbers and to cash,) attention was giveu to premiums for stocle ; then camo offers of reward to men of science to discover better implements and machines, to diminish friction *nd consequently draught, tiich as in the-thrasking mill and other parts of agricultural 'machinery. Still advancing in the Scale of intejiect anij science, premiums were offered lor essays to bring to light th? facts connected with ebemwtry ati-J natiiral philosophy; and, under tiio auspices of the society was Set up the 'Quar. lerly Journal of. Agriculture,' u work which has been tlfe vehicle of conveying so much useful information to the agriculturist,-that weltumbly venture V> say it ought to appear on the tabic and took shelf of every farmer's parlor. After this, the great stock shows wero resolved upon, as another liuk of union bo* ween the soeibtv and the practical farmer, at the same time throwing aside all paltry fooling, end milking them open to stock from both sides ol the Tweed, [i. e. from England ae well as Scotland. ] How well they have suoc3eded, let the last oao at Glasgow boar witness. (This was thb most splendid show of fino cattle ever exhibited ) . Nor lias the Society forgotten the beauty of tho" country, as tho* premiums offered in regard to planting trees and such like Fubrjccts fully testify ; and to sum up all, it may be said, the Highland Society has been a pciat d* appui, a rallying point, to wbich t bo agriculturists of Scotland might Iraki and a fostering mother to all who, although strong in talent, wero weak iu iatecest to mttwe it pub. he." * Premiums to the amount '"$17,000 were of. fared the last year, undor the following classiti cation : "Class I.?Agricultural machinery, SCO sov. crcigns and a gold and silver medal. Class II.?Essays and report <m various sub. } ;cts, embracing thirty-one Fubjectfs of high'niter efci 10 me farmer, v:x: 1. Geological survey*. 2. Reports on coal districts; Mines and Mineral#. . ? 4 Produqto of peat moss, &c. ii. Comparison between diftetcnt kinds of manure in raising- potatoes. ii. Extended application of water and other power to farm purposes. 7. Comparative efficacy of the two modes of thotougfi draining. . 8. Reports on irrigation. 9. Forest planting. lu. Sheep pastures at elerations. lU Improved-sheep salvo. 12:*On crossing Ihe Cheviot with t!ic New Iviieester ram. 13. CalGvation oTthc recently introduced correal and other gpins. 14.-4PeeJir?g farm horses on raw aud prepared fcfti ' 1.1. Early rearing and fattening of lamhs. t(u Insects injurious to agricultural* plunts. J7. Insects injurious to forest trees. 18. Comparative nutritivs property of grasses. 19. Extirpating ferns front pastures. 5). Ihorough-drainiug. 21. Subsoil plowing of thorough-drained land. 32. Mole plow* 23. idxpciiments with manures. 34. Analysis of bone or rape dust. 25. On the effects of altitude on vegetation : IW* Feeding of Cattle. '37. Forests of larch. 38, On raising improved varieties of grains : 39. Reports on improved rural economy abroad. 39. Honorary premium lor reports on certain districts in Scotland. iU. Investigation of certain points connected with the-eetenco of agriculture, viz : An essay vO? memoir explaining on scion tide principles, the tnodc in winch soil operates in producing or facilitating tho germination and growth of vegetables. An essay or moiuoir describing and proving, on scientific principles, what is tho best adoiixturooftho ordinary elements of soil, foe pro* moling tho germination and growth of ? trticiu lar vegetables. A.i essay or memoir describing, on scientific principles, the mode in which linio operates in rendering the soil better adapted lor tho germination and growth of particular vegota. b!cs^ ? An essay or moraoir explaining, on scientific ( principles, tiio eff >ct of drainage in altering , tbo constitution or qualities of the so:!, ami in.'] creasing its fertility. t An essay or memoir, showing the nature of the i atmospheric influence on soil, in promoting i its fertility, including the modification ofi these influences arising froin heat and cold,! dryness and moisture. - j C'inss Iil>?Waste. lumh?their improvement j bv tillage... f " Clan* IV ? Crops and culture. Class- V.-"Pastures?tlicir management. % . Class VI."? fiive Stock?districts competitors. [ Crass VII'.?'Products of Jivo stock?batter and cheese. Class VIII-r-Tho best kept cottago and cot- I 1 go gardens. Class IX.?Woods eii-1 plantations. CliasiXW^Gencral show oflive stock, and ag. ' cculitxral meeting at Inverness." ? 'f?t car V A.* :k t # , * i ' *' w six miles from Edinburgh, loosed a form fprj jtho !asUwe*dy years, of 150 "acres, paying hnmiaiv n .rout of 10 guineas per ncny .^fS7?r>0()) on which lie raised grain, fray ?r. i vegetables fur the mftrk'et of Edinbuigh. ! 'Phis lease Ik; has recently renewed for' | nineteen years, (die usual time to which; i leasestpr.; on the same t?rrr.s, nnd from a poor man ho has become independent in ; his circumstances, and now rides in his j carriage. What American Farmer could make a profr t!j it would enable him to pay j such an enormous rent ? Ali may bo nci counted for on liie principles of judidlods ' manuring and careful industrious cullivaj fion. On the continent, especially *"? Geri many, their annual fairs bring together the ; farmers nnd pemsnn's of nil the surrounding 1 country, whero'their amb.tion nnd indus ry j are stimulated by a variety of fetes, and the distribution of prices to successful compc: titors, and whilst Princes, Dukes and Barons 1 '? ? biaoo ; arc engaged m awarding prizes iu uhf~ I who have been mos* successful in the culti; vat on of grams and catd'vlieir lovely wives i are occupied in a humbler, hut much mor* lively scene, in complimon'ing and distribut ing premiums to the industrious housewife, for her fine specimens of fruit?her bu tor ; and clictso?her linen cloths, weaving. kntt'lng, and other manufactures. I huv-; no Jouj/l I shall be ridiculed for my want of .; taste, uI en I state that to me, the Grand ' Duc'i.ss of Budcr* present uig a silver cup f to > poasmt girl, before an asspmWfti crowd oi fmcst speci, i men of mariofnctured gloves, was a more ! ?*n teres ting s:g!;t than that of he gay Queen Victoria, racing through St- James Park, , with fifty fools at her heela, striving not to ! be distanced by the r lovely rnis rcss. , " The industry and expense bestowed in i collecting nn?f applying measures in Eng,* i.tnd, and which is only exceeded by rile j more scientific mode adopted iu the envi? j rons of Paris, at tho "Bdyantcrifc de Mont: faucon," where all the nfFJ from the city, , including every dead animal ? (t ie horses ; of this description alone amounting annual'! !y fo 16,000)?is converted into manure, ' may be noticed in a future number,.and is a : subject \vhicit is ndt only of great impornnce , to the Farmer, but should lie carefully ini A est iga [ed by the authorities of all large ctl1 {teg. From a cursory review of the eti! ivution 1 cf the various kingdoms of Europe, it ap. 1 pcared fo me that England was in the h;gl> I est state of cultivation, and whh-h fr -rn its I ? ! beautiful thorn hedges?its neat rot-ages, t ado r.cd by tin; eglantine, honey suck I * and ' tM.wfind lhor#? Kv f!,f? flfirk j ??%, VII' |WViVV? ll' l" KIIVJ MM.... ? J J j and palace, rendered the whole land a pic turcsqm gardei. Sorrr* of the counties ol ' Scotland, such as 'he Lothians and the carso i of S erling and Gowrie, arc in no- wise infe. ; rio:\ '^ho lililo I saw of the cultivation ol ! Irel >nd, railierexceeded my expectations.? | Belgium and portions of the Netherlands, i have a better sod than that of England, and are fully as productive, but they want i neatness of cultivation, and, like the whole . continent of Europe, are di s'i'ute of f wrs and hedges ? to me the fields wan ed orna. : inent, and the eottages seemed without 11 much comfort. The fields of Denmark ;; were-loaded wi'ltno abundant crop of wheat, j 4u: there, as well as every where else, I \ hoard bitter complaints of hard times, and f the seycre exactions of Government. I fre quew'Iy thought thnt it woald.be no ba<J pfan for bur Aw.ciicnn grumblers about taxes j and oppression, to take a trip to Europe, 1 ttrid j**arn a who'esome lessen. Take my. | word for it?it wiil stop the mouths of dema| gogucs, reconcile them to their own country, | and they wouJJ return?not as politicians, | but Anrn ricans, saying, I have smned against heaven and my native land, and am i now only worthy to bo called thy son. I ! found the Grand Duchy of Baden and parts ,| of Wirtctnburg, belter cultivated than Prusisia in general, probably b< cause the soil i was more susceptible of improvement. Swit; zcr-land is too romantic to be rich?and tin; j Rbir.e ks ioo classic a stream to be the dull ; river orcuinuiercei or be surrounded by ; any thing else than mountains, where tho 1 vino clambers along its sides ai.d the ruined 1 castle frow n-? on its loft eSt peaks. In the | cultivation of Ecu nee. I was greatly disup pointed?the sword has scarcely had time to he beat tn'o the ploughshire?:he?oMier finds ii hard to sloop to the labor of the ; harrow end the hoe, and seems disposed, | yet a while, to leave this drugery to the women. Austria, with its Hoe soil and ! climate, is*retarded in Agricultural improve ment by the wealth of its nobles and the op. ! pression of i:s peasantry. Its possessions { in Bohemia appeared rather better rnltivii ted than those por ions bordering on Hun ' gary and Venice. \ Of fruits, I found tlie apples in England ! leathery and inferior?on the continent, th" i flavour w.f& finer?but I give a decided j preference to those of my own country? j Beaches were every where wanting in flavour. T?:e best 1 tasted were from a j green house near London. The only ones ! 1 found growing :n the open a r that I re. | garded as in any way comparable to those [ of America, wero nt SohafFhausen, nt the I falls of the Rhine. But whilst the Aorth. i ern part of Europe does not appear lo be ! we'd adapted to impart a delicious flavour to i the upplo and the peach?it greatly excels in other fruits. 1 find myself growing envif ? O O ouswhenl thin!; of llic'r fine goosbcrrie9 i and cherries?the pears and plums of [ France and Germany are most delicious, and when my noes inform mo that I bought the latter, of the size of a fowl's egg, twen* ty-fivc a penny, I feel tlmt I ne'er shall see the like and so cheap again. wen; i a cultivator of frails in Carolina, I would imncrt the few varieties of apple that succeed 'In our middle- midha ok country, and the i peach thot succeeds every where, if not at- | tacked by the circuiio, from Pennsylvania ; or New Jersey?the; gooseberry and cur-; r;in?, which succeeds among our mountains, i from Long fslanl?the cherrv from some! * I ofour Northern Stn'es?the grape from ' some of the best varieties cultivated in our' :rji('i r country?and the pear plum, and ; pr .r.'o :':o:c So: I. tv.x ; ;v? ; "brought from C'.'S SIIOUIU IIC (Jill ei Ulljr (<uiii.k ,t.u utiu n.iw? iiito Iiio fnrm-vard. ' When t is found necessary to empty the dung yard* early in the season, whether * with h view to make room in the yards, to ] expedite spring work, or employ the teams in unfavorable werit ?er. when they could not otherwise he employed to c.rlvaieage _ ' upon the farm, I recommend that preparations should be made in the usual manner y for the reception of the dung heaps in the intended turnip fields, viz*, hy collecting * large heaps of rlay, m;trlf or such ?ther 11 material. The bottoms-of the henps should , not l>e In d above fix or eight inches thick ; st 1 of the material, and a large quantity of t to t! 1 be placed in rows on each side of the bot- ?c tonis marked ou'?the dung should t?e*n be m drawn out of the vnrds, and j?|ae d upon toe * bottoms, l>u' not in the usual way of throwing it up loosely to cause fermentation? on ti lite coritiar\, by drawing the carts with heir si loads upon the heaps, for the purpose r f re compressing the dung, and thereby prevent i a| ing fermentation. One or two men (at - j(J cording 10 the numb 'r of teams employed, ^ and distance from ho yards) should r nna n constantly at the heaps w hile the teams are fc at work, on purpose to spiend and level , ,s the dung regularly, so ns to rendi-rr the as- I ^ cent easv for the sueceding teams as tot y come witti their loads. sa If the dung has not been rreviously mixed In ?kn >m?iIo ? ulmnlil Im vn in ilraiiiutf !n I?i lliu Jf'r lu^i ?l miuuiu wv ?? - f} " i the heaps, by means of '.iking up ft few w loads from one yard, nnd a few from i ^ another* alternately, and even from :lie i *h same yard the loads of dung should bo rt&en } from different parts alternately, by reason j nc that the dung is irot of equal quality* ne'r ^ m .do with the sarin? regularity? iti all p.His of i bo yard. The coal ashes, road scraping*, and all pt other collections of manure about the farm house, should also be carried to tee n'u a heaps in the fi<-l<ls ; and when the heaps are hc ra sed as high as convenient for thn liors s jt, to draw up, several loads should be shut up jt at the cuds of the heaps, for the. purpose of & making them up to the square of the centre : tjr the whole heaps should then be completely ^ covered with the marl and clay, or soil previously collected in rows bv the sides of the beans; and if the c should no; have been -i sufficient quaiui y of material collected in' afj the first instance, more should be got rc idy without loss of time, so as to effectually enclose the dung heaps i:: crusls, and they are C< thenceforth railed pies. The dung will hp w< preserved in the pics in a very perfect state, w! with little or no deterioration or diminution ju< j without fermentation, and without loss by | exhalation or evaporation. The pies should i remain in this slate until within ten days <-r | a fortnight of the time the manure will* I*- y, [ wanted for the turnip ground* when they * ' should be turned carefully over, and the crust, top, bottom, and sides in imaiely mixed *e up with the dung : when the turning is co n- lo pb ted, immediately plough several furrows ; of the natural soil all round the heaps, and git with the loose earth ploughed up, aguirt coa' ab the heaps all over; the pies will then take a gentle fermentation ; the earth intermixed ?>n j with and covering the dung will absorb ill" ea | juices and gasses of the dung, and the conir ro j post come out in a fine state of preparation j for using on the turnip land. : When the turnips are sowed in the Xor-* I thtimbnrinrfd ridge system, 'he drills should ^ : be split open, the dung taken from the pies/ land spread in the rows, then covered up, j c0 and th?* seed sr^vn immediately in the fresh I 011 earth?the whole operation should, ii pussco Id", be completed in the same day, when f:i every ridge or drill forms a little hot bed, to j tir encourage the vegetation of the plan's and force them speedily out of dm reach of the ! turnip files. : J;.j When dung is taken out the yards hue 0f m * '^V'- ' the Jaterr place. nfe particularly jN&iptcd toiiu the cdim&te uf*Cb?rtestoi?, and I ^hjve seen* is thorn ridttva ted hero with great sfepccss. **ja ": * * - ? +* - for Farm Yakd Manure. [Continued Ifom.l-?s; w?\ k.J I ' Having p'? ntft-l o Jt what I con^jder the Pa i principal errors in the prevalent or common j m tliod of husbanding firm-yard ninnur**. V!< i will now endeavor io explain Jpy ideas of what [consider a more perfi?rsys*?m UP and it I am correct in the opinion^ have ve formed on lie subject, I will venturoto say, tr; | there can b * no difficulty in producing upoii *' ; the farm n sufficient quantity of yard muck SI* ! or compost to manure the* whole of 'ho tur- ttl j nip land upon any farm, in a medium st iff? "V1' of fertility, cul'ivitted up<?n the four course j111 I husbandry ; and if mv premises a?o corre^tj ';u ! the occupier may may then reserve the i whole of his stipulated quality of o !-cak?' for his wheat crop, that d -script on f ma- 'ei | nure being c< rtainly m ?re adapted to .the P1 j wheat than to die turn'p crop. P^' As the great object I aim ?t tlie fnllmg- l,f ing !- n s to improv- the quality ?fs well as* r< to increase the quantity of firm yard ma- ta nures, f stiongly recommend, indeed I fgn- *r siiler it mdisponsablv necessary, rfiAr all dr. If1 script ions of farm-yard dung should, in tiie first instance, be as intimately mixed tugeiii- "O? - ? w er ns possible, and ?hnt particular nuruujni sbou'd be paid ?o the husbanding of the horse dung, which sionld without (ait be re Tiiovwljkiiltj into tiio store cit'le yards in tlic rnSur I have previously recuuinvri- * 'liSr'AoiSKisa s??k. /j ways be k' pt n the yards?*-no dry straw '4b should lie left to blow about the slack yards ; *c al! .-hiui i bo brought into the cattle jards. No"ties, thtellcs, arid other coarse weeds: (not in seed) should be brought into the ( ,j yards, and-not allowed to die nnJ waste in 1,1 i tne fields and ditches w hen th?y n?-e cut J down. The h irsts Kepi on lite ld?rn should U1 be fed w ih gven font! in the yards*in t v 1,1 summer moot is, and they should also be 1,1 1 allowed to run loose,in the yards in win.er, 1,1 were not included in the statement upon ? 1 h iVitig s abb's or slieds 'o t?o into at pleas. ure. The yards, s tables, and sheds should . at all times be kept well littered wi hs raw. ,n riie soap lc? s from the farm..house should sl he carefully preserved, and thrown upoi.1 the dung in the vards?saw-dust, leaves of i''' trees, road scrapiugs, scourings of ditehes, c* . m short, all animal and vegetable subs; an- ,M I U I r..ll.. .nlLiitnJ an/I llir/.mn dt w the spring, or only a short iirrfo before if th wanted for ilio, fu^rnip ground, 4hn "prepa. Q\ ion should in some degree rjifl?*r from the fcj egoing, because of the. pies or compost ;ips having l<-ss time for incorporating.? ecommcnd the following process for prerng dung late in tin? spring, -First let " ; bottoms.and si3a heaps of earth I)*' pro led, in lie S inn* m-innras for lho winter P( :tps, l?u. tlx; dung sliould not be carte l ft on be heaps So compress tlx-m, and pfe. {j. ut ft'rmont.ition as in winter ; nn the con* -e: ?ry, the d ing sh uld he thrown up lightly a| ill llu? fork, upon the ho-toms, and the le heaps ofearth mixed intimately along ti^the dung, which answers the dotibl-: irp se (,f reducing the straw part of "the ng to a proper stale for applying to t e n' id, and prevents an excess of f-rmenta. 'r <n in the cen rO|0j?tt^f;ips^ j^Vhen tlx* ci ops arc raised nflpppritly h^gh, and cx- fr id :o cover ^Rsrpfflrcs^ : he bottoms pre- fi red. illy nafnrij soil of ffrt* fit.Id sliofild tic 5 lughe^pufl round tho fin rips, nn'P thrown 0 von'ffleinfill ti?e mn^itr hnro'otoie J ; the pi#s ttfifl t'qp take $ g'-orfu fennel ^ t on, ahd*soniT %?*ratfy Tor We. The , no requirAMor preparing is mannqjr must depend opnrv live s r.eivgth the dung* artd^he quanti:y oflWl Hay or w arl thrown'op nlong*wiih4t; Exfrrien#e. ^ ill soon point out the proper jqudfciit/ 01 b arl to bo appliod, and ;he'neoessnry tim" ti r the pins to remain before they are us-'d. b urf'urncd up for a vmir preeueding, on v by live sid?s of roids, makes exc.fl- c nt pie meat. Good compost heaps up* ied lo l-n i have the nlT-nt of r-novaiing uls worn out ivy arauJj^dlure and stnnu ling manor * Oojer ions (on rhe score of expense) will " raised against ihe svs cm I have recom c r.ded, hut when it is considered that the t 'eater part of tlm addi'ionaf'oxpense is in. p ' nual lalw>r, surely tha' objection should s tvc no w iglt: in the scnl?*r when wefghod j balance against ;he ult mate benefi io ie farmer, and the highly creditable me hi of employing the superabundance of lavrrers, or excess nf population, with which c landed, interes* is at present burth -ned ; i preference to the custom ?rv method of 6 ippotting the extra laborers and their fa mi- ' s as paupers. or wi?ioh is much ihe same ' iug, employing such laborers in what-is s ilied rejja ring tlv roads, that is (accord- t g to the eomm m piacice) thro irig the t rt from the sides nto the centre, nnd there- t /creating a jnb for some other persons to j row the dirt out ngan. FARMERS' GAZETTE. I ; t FRIDAY. MARCH >7. 1840. Show fell in this town for several hours on t'ednesciay the 18th. but the ground being ct from a previous rain, it melted as soon as touched the earth. The nexj morning ia!low water was cofcred with ice, and the ' irfaec o p!oug!.ed ground wis frozen; but ; icre being no deposite of frost, vegetation, I '' * ? i i i i. ? mr ns we nave ouscrveu, Has not uwu uch affected. t A bill passed both branches of the Legisla- * ire of Pennsylvania, more than ten days nee, to compel the banks of the state to sume; but on the last reading in one branch, m-ndments were added, in which the other j anch refused to concur. The result, after ie ifbual formalities, was the appointment of >mmittee of conference. That committee it now said cannot agree, and it ti believed ( ic bill will be lost. In the Legislature of Virginia a bill on the | nne subject was postponed till next year. m Col. Elmoro was unanimously elected President is unanimously elected President of the S. W. ^ filroad Co., but declined. Col. Oadsden was 3 eu elected. 3 The Governor of Missifwnppi tietord 13 of tho its passed byheth branches of tho L-gislatur? j * that state during its lat sossion. i The prospectus of the ''Suirthcrn Baptist ] j!pit" shall be inserted ne.it'week. r A wf>man in St. Louis, in the absence of 1 T husband took down a rusty pistol to clean not supposing it to be loaded and snapped first at a female neighbor to scare her, and !' en twice at a Mr. RusseH. The second r ne it went oflf and killed him. So much for p folly of meddling with what one does not 1 iderstand. 1 1 -4?> c Illinois and N^tgponain hare a difficulty r tftfcfheir dividit^pjo^nderies. ? v ? 1 I ?* At the late commencement of the fifc'tfical c )llege of the State of South Carolina, there >rc 06 graduates. The whole number rich attended the lectures during the session I ^ * I it closed was 193. 1 ' . v - p? Two important ifqras of intelligence' brought * the British Queen lately .arrived in New | >rk frorn London,, are, that the British Min- f ry were defeated in the House of Commons, j ?b. 27, on the question of g.ving a pension , \T rvrv?? in/1 I (,af lIlA HO K Oir JUIIII liuwpuil | aIIU WIAW 1 IVlll/ll \ inistry were defeated on tlio question of ; zing an annuity to the King's son, who is i out to marry, and they bad therefore resign- J . Such are questions to agitate tne two ' tost powerful and enlightened nations on rth." The Ki ig oft he French, for whose 1 n an annuity is claimed, is himseff the rlcht man in the world. Messrs. Saunders and Moore the candi- A tes for Governor of North Carolina have \ mmenced attending the courts anJ making jctionei nng stump speeches. At Orange 1 urt they consumed an entire afternoon in a therwarm debate; each speaking several | ncs. i : I It is said that Duff Green is about to estab- I h a paper in Baltimore to favor tho election I Ger. "Harrison- Whether true or one ef a ' tousand baseless efGnesVctfculatcdtin the re of a Prcsidtmiial clettion we not k* \ w ' low, . fl| 1 The following' appropriate remarks we copy on) tho Camden Journal otlhe 21st. inst. on subject which concerns a large portion of the ?6p!e of the State. VVc hope the Bank of ?e Stat* will not attempt in the present cmtrras^ed condition of the money market, to <act specie from the other bonks whose notes re receivable for state taxes rnd must be aid into that bank; and yet Camden Joural would hardly speak as it does, unless it ad information to be relied on. We can see o adequate motive ,|pr such a course,?air ideod, any gp>d motive at all. If- the reditore of tho state were to demand spocieJ orn the ba~nk when, it is paying out Stale inds to them, it ift%ht perhaps, in that case, e justified in also'requiring specie for the bills fother banks deposited with it for making !*e payment/. Such demand, however,.will ot bo mafltby the creditor* of the state. At^ it will any extentr-rpcrhape it will pi Cy a*"iftig!?tfndividual. T!ie course of rhichr we afteajc on the pprt of thd bank^ Jiuld sewn to imply that l^has betoid^s'' tradened as to be unable, from it6own funds^ o commend specie- for the redqpiption- of iff ills a<< fast as they come in upctfl it. Ifd^-it could 9urely be more just and honortWe*, and reate less d?stre&p i^ the community, torus \end at once lifian attempt to hold out at thft ixpen'^e of other banks thrown somewhat into its power, not in the ngular course f banking business, but by accidenJ al ircunMance of its being .the fiscal agent of he state. It cannot be the wish rtf the peoile of Sou'tlr Carolina that the funds of the fate should be used to embarrass barilfscreaed for the public accommodation, and which ire manfully struggling in tile most trying ircumstances to fulnl the end- fur which he 8tate created them. The public, funds ire not deposited with the bank for any uch purposi-; but for the purpose only >f safe-keeping, and being paid out to the egal orders of authorized agents - of the if ?f.e WnnU should attentat to abuee he incidental trust of holding for tire state ho bills of other bank?, by calling upon these iank9 to bear, or share, any embarrassment iroughtiipon it, either by its dtfn misnfauagenenf, or by unforeseen revulsions in the money narket, affecting them equally withitselfc we lave no hesitation in coming to the conclusion hat, in such case, the other banks ought to lefeat the a Item pi by suspending specie pay.' nents, as to the notes thus presented by the Bank of the Stale, rather than d.stress the tommunity by J he contraction wlifcli migbt be leressary to redeem them, For the public ind not the banks would be the chief sufferere. This the banks could do, and still pay specie is :a now done, in the course of their ordinary justness. Vv. We are very far from being disposed to ountenance that laxnese of morals which illows nvn to make engagements that they tave no reasonable profiled of being able to neet,?or, which is no better, allows thein to tvade, without a constraining necessity, the jrompt payment of just debt->. But.wlien un orcscen embarrassments occur which could, tot lave been provided against, then, i reasonable indulgence is due to debtjrs; especially if the creditor has no fair :laim to prompt payment. When such indulgence is not voluntarily granted the debtor a riirht tn flnv fair Ann IpctaI means oi Staining it.. We would create no prejudice against the Bank of the State. So far as we know, it lias ilwnyi been well conducted. The times, without any fault of its own, may have thrown t into embarrassment, and for the laudable mrpose of extricating itsef from this embar ?f ftiMgti- it may be tempted to abuse an mportasrt trust. But the time of temptation s tiie time of xnal to principle. Almost any nan or corporw>fc%ay do right wlien there s no temptation to tip wrong. 11 is perhaptftpsppefj, to prevent misappre* lension, we sbduld nay tb^L we are influenced jy no locaLinlerwrtlrTtUese remarks. Thd bank ocatcd in this community has be^n so cautious, y conducted that we understand it would not >e materially affected by being/"required to ed' em in specie or specie funds any quantity >f its bills lively to pass into the. state treasuy* V ."JtL The Allowing js tlie.article from the Cam., ten Journal to wltich we referred above. ^ tux: xji* xot ju o-rrtc uatnrs. c. Tlfe suhjedi of |t?e late Tax Act, nncHts jrobyble efTects upon the; Banks nnd tfir r-onle. has heretofore aitracied a f;iree 1 * " * 0 share of public attention, and is likely. we liink, still to command it. It will he nantmberid that the Lrjjisltuun: enabled that he Taxes should ho paid " in specie, pap- r nedium op the notes of the specie puying dunks of 'his State. At the time this enact nent'tihs made, only the following Banks vera paying specie, and up to this period, here are none o her, viz ; The Bunk of lie S ate, the Bank of Charleston, t.ie Comrn jviiil B ink, the Bunk ofGeorgetown, the dank ofCamden, and the Merchant's Batik. Uh-raw. As the cireul ition of tiie notes oj h'* Banks in the city, which pav specie, is wry limited* it is probable ihat more Uian hree fourths of the taxes will b?* paid in tin lO'es of the country banks. These notes v 111 of course go immediately into the Bank if the Sat*% which is practically the State n ntiMudAn iknn rrensury. i IIU iiupui unit ijuv.oiiun iiivii i !s?'s, what wijl the 13.ink (Ju with Thorn? Will it pay them out n^nin to tl?e cr'adii6r? >f tl?? S'ato1?Or, will speine b<> demanded br theifi 1 VV?- scarcely know how to ere lit the ass- rt on, but we have heard it stated hat the Bank of the State will adopt the ut.tr course. If such be the factrand fron; [he manner in which it comes, to us, w< inrdly Have room to doubt, we cannot .but * - % ? li' * - 1 " 9 i ^pK^Sp^io^AiH^int and Directors have widew$i8tai^tlic object"of the C^gialature, in jjie onSnmerfPto wirich we have re. lerred. TndMBly, certainly never contemplated that irvy were creating an engine to cripple and break down the action of the^> specie paying batiks. On die contrary, we had always supposed that the Legislature by this measure intended jo compliment Mind eneoorfcgo those Banks that were using every effort to fulfil their obligations, rather than oppress and punish them. If lite creditors of the State demanded specie for their claims, the case, would be 'widely different', and there would be just gro Jiids .for. the contemplated action, but we have no intimny^n that such a contingency is anti' ipaled. The whole taxes of th* Stale amount to f^omeiliing over two hundred and eighty I thousand dollars. If eighty thousand of j tins amount is coHcctcd in tho notes of tho ^ I B.rnk of die State and tho Bank of Charleston (and we question if half that sum is paid io those notes) it wiH leave two hundred .thousand to be paid in the notes of the interior Banks. Now, what will be the effect of the withdw*0nt once, from these Banks, of thisenorrtimi^^mount of specie ? The ne^cs^aril^rrffjtiUibln and immediate result wilt*" thif these Banks must, in the same proportUft dbrtuil tkgjf?irculution, by rcfu. ^ng forHi^r HccoiftSfcions, <k enforcing with an unsparing mKd, payment from ihciir denigrs ; the firsfclaw of n:4*fPself. compeHlicm, painful and unpleasaaSa it must l>e, lo pursue this 'liowrse.^JBscd over such a large space of country as the debtors of thu l&fcFQf. Banks nr**, and divided as the loans Qjte, o? rn-.>ng such a vast number of b?<fcvicu.ds. chiefly planters and farmers,? p^fcrarc and panic may be expected under such a cours>, so far as tins State isconccrnud, whrch will throw that orated by the removal of (ho posit' s, jpecio circular end all, by Gen. Jackson, fai into 'lie back ground. If thed&iUe credifoado not demand apecie for thfcir claims we can look upon its ^ demand by the State from rfi'ose Banks which arc trying in these times ofemburrflssmen' and pressure, to discharge {heir obligations 'o the public, in no other light than a speculation on the distresses of her people. ^ We sincerely trust, however, that belter counsels will prevail, and that the course we have heard suggested, will fiot lie adopted; and that tho Batik of die State will not require from 'he oilier'Banks uny other payment for lite notes which may be received fojr TiJjte*t than such ns will amply satisfy ftlie 'public creditors. This much it is, most a96uredly, its duty to do, and more is not renuiroiL We can see no ndeQUBtC fetwon. ?I ? * I at this particular juncture, for the measure proposed, and coming from the source it <Un s, ut a time of such unprecedented -em- * barr issm^nt, it cannot foil to meet the uni* qualified condemnation pf a largo ^ajority . of thaso who have a right to spetdl aodho bo' heard on the subject. Not only is (he w hole coqprn^rce of the country oppressed and deranged,'fhd every iwin connected wj h comfeorcial pprsuif?r compelled o sTain every nt^ve, and flnke sacrifices to n* el bis engagement* but the pressure is feit hy the planter and the farmer, jit consequence of the d-preciated prices of he products of tiic soil. Is it ytfse/ Is it just ? Do the circumstance^ of "dtflirSlato require thai this additional slop,sb&uld be taken to and to the dis'resses of a community .already sufficiently harrussod ?. We make these remarks not because ?e have any particular sympathy for the fhmjtt* (br.ii has b<*en said (hat they are HBfiftfe*" and "souJ&m"?<of course /Arv aSftfuFfitd ; but in preserving themsclveg irmay 'W^ghi^, ne- essury far them to adtgrtflT policy so severe ns even t^QFpautfol'wjB corporation which has noitf^Tyfafcri^ a ^ \V> doubt not, huj if the plaitJhfcJ^lfbr US W?- uriiryu |t IS, UC uvilllliriuij ?wp?ww| inn interior brinks will be prepared for th? result and meet ?he demand, but the people, ihe .ultimate su/F*r? rs, will hold the advisors and the actor* in this speculation to a strict accoun', at ihe proper tribunal, for ihe (lis:ress and embarrassment thus urvnecessafdy forced Ujion ihem. The following article which was on file come weeks and excluded for want of room, we copy from the Charleston Courier, where it appealed as editorial. I/lho editor is serious. he is entitled tp credit as to hit facts, though not as to his theory of cither eeereiion or hysterics being tha^prigin of the phenomena. It is not true'-thShysteria, or any "anomalous s ite ef the n4rvousrFyatein is very treeuJf^tit ever does create, "or engendersuch .phenomena./' The phenomena if they reaHy r occurred admitf-ef. bu* ?no explanation, which * - is, that eithdr the spiders, or the eggs from ' Vhwh. they canje, probably the latter, were* some way. introdueecJjjjitn the eye. Secretion Extraordinary.?We are informed, on high medical authority not in thl way of hoax,*i>ut in sober earnest, that there is an individual, (whose sex we purposely*'leave doubtful), in this city, whose eyes, for the last eight weeks, have been, secreting or hatching a generation of spiders. We learn that one night, on a visit to some dwelling, in the country, which was very much infested with spiders, something which was taken, or fancied ' to b< a spider or a bug, was felt to strike against one o1 the person's eyes, while lying in bed, and brushed off with'the hand. The next day, or shortly after, a spider's leg, or perhaps several spider legs, were brushed out of the eye, which the patient and the patient'# friends, at first, tried to persuade themselves, were only loose cyc-lashes; but the matter ? - ? ? ? ? J .1 t f Iia was MiiJii bruicuj ui^ruuu uuu?iuvciayu^ujr ?uy secretion or extraction of a whole spwp-jfrojn itb parent orb of liquid black, orb soon followed suit, and both since continued to multiply the and furdish subjects for the new occular entomology. Wo learn tfrn^post^ the apidera, when extracted, are ve?ty6ttngf jr? and so exceedingly delicate, tnat 4e 'tpoafc. tender maniupulation, or handling, is requisite* to prevent their being crushed?anoijuj. authority, however," states that many gfclhego long-legged children" of the eye, are; fflrverv I tender infanta at the tirnn of their fcfrthw ft f if also remarkable that they exhibit's very 'v-V j>. ^ * V '' P 4 ?* '* ' #