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???????? 9 The Beaufort Tribune. f _ ' YOL. II.?NO. 28. BEAUFORT. S. C., MAY 31, 1876. $1.50 PER ANNUM. \ .ONE HUNDREB YEARS.; The Centenniol Birthday of the United States. j The Exhibition at. Philadelphia-Views of the Notable Building, and Descriptions Thereof. Machinery Hall. This structure is located wept of the intersection of Belmont and Elm avenues, at a distance of 542 feet from the west front of the Main Exhibition building, and 274 feet from the north side of Elm avenue. The north front of the liiiilfltnr. ! . ? I panic line or that of the Main Exhibition building, thus presenting a frontage of 3,824 feet from the east to the west ends of the Exhibition buildings upon the principal avenue within the grounds. The building consists of the main hall, 360 feet wide by 1,402 feet long, and an annex on the south side of 208 feet by 210 feet. The entire area covered by the mainhall and annex is 558,440 square feet, or 12.82 acres. Including the upper floors the j building provides fourteen acres of floor i apace. I THE HOUTICU The principal portion of the structure is j oni story in height, showing the main cor* nice upon th> outside at forty feet from the ground, the interior height to the top of the ventilators in the nvr?nm<? h?lnf? feet, and in the aisle* forty feet. To break the long lines upon the exterior, projections have l>een introduced upon the four sides, and the main, entrances finished with facade-1, extending to seventy-eight feet in height. The east entrance forms the principal approach from street cars, from the Main Exhibition building, and from the railroad depot. Along the south side are placed the boiler houses and such other buildings for sjiecial kinds of machinery as may be required. The west entrance affords the most direct communication with George's hill, the point affording the best view of the entire Exhibition grounds. i Mai^^Cxhibition Building. This building is in the form of a paralelogram, extending east and west one thousand eight hundred and eighty feet in length, and north and south four hundred and sixty-four in width. The larger portion of the structure is one story in height, and shows the main cornice upon the outside at forty-five feet above the ground, the interior height being seventy feet. At the center of the longer sides are projections 416 feet in length, and in the center of the shorter Bides or ends of the building are projections 216 feet in length. In these projections, in the center of the four sides, are located the main entrances, which are provided with arcades upon the ground floor, and central facades extending to the height of ninety feet. The east entrance forms the principal approach for carriages, visitors being allowed to alight at the doors of the building under cover of the arcade. The south entrance fo^ms the principal approach for street cars, the ticket offices being located upon the line of . Elm avenue, with covered ways provided for entrance into the building itself. The main portal on the north side communicates t directly with the Art Gallery, and the main portal on the west side gives the main passageway to the Machinery and Agricultural Halls. Upon the corners of the building there j '/THE WOMEN are four towers seventy-five feet in height, and between the towers and the central projections or entrances there is a lower roof introduced, showing a cornice twenty-four feet above the ground. In order to obtain a central feature for the building as a whole, the roof over the central part, for 184 feet square, has been raised anove the surrounding portion, and four towers, forty-eight feet square, rising to 120 feet in height, have been introduced at the corners of the elevated roof. The areas covered are as follows : Squar* f**t. Acre*. Ground floor 872.820 20.02 Upper floors in projections 87.341 .85 ? ? towers 26 344 .60 936,008 21.47 <g|H| flff "'a Jjfc- *? a Horticultural Building-. The city of Philadelphia made a liberal grant of money to provide for the horticultural department of the Exhibition an extremely ornate and commodious building 1 which is designed to remain in permanence j as an ornament of Fairmount Park. Thif structure is located on a terrace bordering ll-Sll - iMtLvnutmui river, a simri distance nortl: of memorial hall, and lias a commanding view of the Schuylkill river valley and the northwestern portions of Philadelphia Romantic ravines running down to the rivei are on either side, separating it on the soutli from memorial hall and on the north from LTUBAL HALT.. | agricultural building. These ravines are being spanned by ornamental bridges five hundred feet long and sixty feet wide, foi convenience of access. Carriage roads, r railway and foot walks will pass over them The horticultural building is designed in the Moresque style of architecture of the twelfth ccnturv, the chief materials externally being iron and glass, supporteel bj fine marble and brick work. The building is 383 feet long, 193 feet wide and seventytwo feet high to the top of the lantern. The main floor is occupied by the central conservatory, 230 feet by eighty feet, and fiftyfive feet high, surmounted by a lantern 17C feet long, twenty feet wide and fourteen feet high. Running entirely around this conservatory, at a height of twenty feet from the floor, is a gallery five feet wide. On the north and south sides of this principal room are four forcing houses for the propagation of young plants, each of them 100 feet by thirty feet, and covered by curved roofs of iron and glass, which, appearing upon the exterior of the building, present a very fine feature. A vestibule thirty feet square separates the two forcing houses on each side, and there are similar vestibules at the center of the east and west ends, on either side of which are apartments for restaurants, reception rooms, offices, etc. Ornamental stairways lead from these vestibules to the internal galleries of the conservatory, as well as four external gaHeries, each 100 feet long and ten feet wide, which surmount the roofs of the forcing houses. These external galleries are connected with a grand promenade, formed by the roofs of the rooms on the lower floor, giving a superficial area of about 17,000 square feet. The east and west entrances to the horticultural building are approached by flights of blue marble steps, from terraces eighty feet by twenty feet, in the center of each of which stands an open kiosque twenty feet in diameter. Each entrance is beautified by ornamental tile and marble work, and the angles of the main conservatory are to be adorned with eight attractive fountains. ^^^?<n!orriaors connecting the conservatory with the surrounding apartments open fine vistas in every direction, and the beauties of the surrounding park, with the river flowing in front and more than 100 feet beneath the building, add to the attractions. I \v I T# i*'! 'S PAVILION. Extensive heating arrangements are provided in the basement, which is of fireproof construction, nnd the restaurant kitchens will also be located there. Surrounding this building there are thirty-five acres of ground, which will he devoted to horticultural purposes, and have been suitably planted. In this plot there is an extensive series of sunken gardens. Agricultural Building. This structure stands north of the Horticultural building, and on the eastern side of Belmont avenue. It illustrates a novel combinatiQn of materials. Its materials are wood and glass. |It consists of a long nave crossed by three transepts, both nave and THK MACIIIKI I transept being composed of Howe truss 1 arches of a (lothie form. The nave is t I S'2<> feet in length by one hundred feet in f width, each end projecting one hundred 1 feet l?eyond the square of the building, with < a height of seventy-five feet from the floor f to the point of the arch. The central tran- c : sept is of the same height, and a breadth of v ' one hundred feet; the two end transepts r ; seventy feet high and eighty feet wide. 1 , The four courts inclosed between the nave o r j and transepts, and also the four spaces at a . the corners of the building, having the t nave and end transepts for two of their a f sides, are roofed and form valuable li , space for exhibits. Thus the ground plan c , of the building is a parallelogram of 4(?o o feet by (WO feet, covering a space of seven I 1 ami one-quarter acres. In its immediate I s vicinity are the sto -Wards for thcexhibi- t j lion of horses, cattle, slurp, swine, etc. ! e ! .he Art Gallery and Memorial Hall. i) ti The entire structure is in the modern ] 7 | Renaissance. The materials are granite, j |, glass, and iron. No wood is used in the || construction, and the building is strongly (ireproof. The structure is 365 feet in j length, 210 feet in width, and fifty-nine feet in height, over a spacious basement twelve 0 feet in height, surmounted by a dome. h The main entranceopens on a halleiglitytwo feet long, sixty feet wide, and fifty-three feet high, decorated in the modern Renais- ^ 1 sance style; on the further side of this fl hall, three doorways, each sixteen feet ;r 1 wide and twenty-five feet high, open into 0| ! the center hall; this hall is eighty-three jr feet square, the ceiling of the dome rising ^ over it eighty feet in height. li > From its east and west sides extend the ,r galleries, each ninety-eight leet long, eighty- t) ! eight feet wide, and thirty-five feet in jheight. These galleries admit of temporary divisions for the more advantageous ! ^ Bp Hi ^TMiryH ' ; ^ X '' V 'I* ? * ~ ^ THE UNITED STAT display of paintings. The center hall and galleries form one grand hall 287 feet long and eighty-five feet wide, capable of holding eight thousand persons, nearly twice 1,1 the dimensions of the largest hall in the country. From the two galleries doorways open into two smaller galleries, twenty-eight feet wide and eighty-nine feet long. These a( open north and south into private apartments which connect with the pavilion m rooms, forming two side galleries 210 feet ;ir long. Along the whole length of the north i j,r side of the main galleries and central hall extends a corridor fourteen feet wide, which ' wj opens on its north line into a series of ; (.; {srivate rooms, thirteen in number, designed ur or studios and small exhibition rooms. ^SI All the galleries and central hall are j lighted front above; the pavilions and ,j mmiiok are ugiueu inmi inc sines. j lie pavilions and central hall sire designed cspeciallv for the exhibition of sculpture. I rhis luiihiing rost !51,otX>,0(l0. Ih 1 Hi Washington at Valley Forge, wi The dreary encampment at Valley 1-Yrn iv has l?eeonie proverbial for its hardships and ni sufferings. The unfortunate battle tit ex Brandywinc had opened Philadelphia to of the Britisli army; and the brilliant but at fruitless attack on the enemies' lines at pe Germantown had left them in confirmed possession of that city, while it imposed ns upon Washington the necessity of selecting tic such winter (juarters as would enable him w to keep a vigilant eye on thatcity, and at the ai same time protect a great extent of country w from the incursions of the enemv. " The p< ? 1 -J - . 1 ? - ? I>iiwi auopieu was to nut tne army tor the in winter at Valley Forge, on the west sideof the fo Schuylkill, about twenty miles from Phila- di delphia. Arrived at Valley Forge on the eii 17th of December, 1777, the troops still had to brave, in their tents, the wintry weather, to which had set in with unusual severity, tli | until they could cut down trees and con- st | struct huts for their accommodation. Ilun- hi !? gry and cold were the poor fellows who had | so long been keeping the field ; for provis- vc 11 ions were scant, clothing worn out, and so in i (badly oil were they for shoes, that the foot- pi | steps of many might be tracked in blood, te :ry iiall. , Those who were on the sick list had to seek em porn rv shelter wherever it could be in ound among the farmers of the neighbor- se mod. According to the regulations in the re irderly book, each hut was to l>e fourteen bj eet by sixteen, with walls of logs filled with ai lay six feet and a half high; the fireplaces R rere of logs, plastered ; and logs split into tr tide planks orslabs furnished the roofing. A CI nit was allotted to twelve non-commissioned nt iffioers and soldiers. A general officer had le i hut to himself. The same was allowed o the staff of each brigade and regiment, nd the field officer of each regiment, and a ni nit to the commissioned officers of each th ompanv. The huts of the soldiery fronted rii n the streets ; those of the officers formed a ine in the rear; and the encampment radually assumed the look of a rude miliary village." i\. <i - . L .1 i i i n- ? iu-iiiii|iiiH-iii, rsini'ii oy me wus . f t!:e Hriti.-h army " SlabCity," (lie Anu-ri- I an army pureed a sad and dreary winter, I >r weeks at a time on half allowance; I Dim-times without meat, sometimes without | read, often without both. The transports- | ion of supplies was obstructed; the maga- | ines were exhausted, and the commissaries f ad neither money nor credit to enable i Item to replenish them. At Valley Forge, fl 1 the midst of frest and snow, disease and 3 cstitution, Lilierty erected her altar; and *= t all the world's history we have no record f purer devotion, holier sincerity, or more eroic self-sacrifice, than was exhibited in ic camp of Washington. The courage pai lat nerves the arm on the battlefield, and an azzles by its brilliant but evanescent tio ashes, pales before the steadier and more is I itense flame of patient endurance; the sum ' I the sublime heroism displayed at Valley lis orge. If there iB a spot on the face of our gr< road land whereon patriotism should de- cai ght to pile its highest and most venerated evi tonument, it should lie in the bosom of lat little vale on the banks of the Schuylill, amid the "tempted hills" consecrated y the presence and sufferings of those who thieved our independence." ' pai I - VI a I i i - .'-.V' jflfi coi Mt 7 to wil hu Bnt-jZTjrtiin " sea ' pai in ^ n1' ^^sKHSSI ^ tre thi ES BUILDING. The Exhibition Grounds. ,?"" i OW TO REACH THEM, AND PROVISION jr_ MADE FOR THE ACCOMMODATION OF VISITORS. chi The Exhibition buildings are in immedi- i..f e connection with the entire steam rail- . " ay system of the country, for the accom- )r.f odation of which two commodious depots ' e located adjacent to the Exhibition s?c ounds. t,ai They are also in immediate connection K01< it!i the entire street railroad system of the ty of Philadelphia, which centers in a and concour.-c, located adjacent to the ain or Belmont avenue entrance. There are thirteen entrances to the Exhi- i non grounds. The hours of admission will be from 1 ne A. M. to six p. M. The price of admission is fifty cents, ivnhlc in one piece at the entrance gate; is one charge admits the visitor to every- 1 ing to lie seen during the time he remains thin the inclosure. A narrow gauge double track steam railiy, three miles in length, has been fur sl ed with its equipment as a special hibit, and is operated for the conveyance passengers within the inclosed grounds, | a fixed charge of five cents per passenger r trip. Rolling chairs are kept on hand, at desigited stations within the principal Exhibi>n buildings, for conveyance of visitors etc. ho may desire to use them. With attend- act< its, the charge for their use by the hour she ill lie not exceeding seventy-five cents each hor >r hour; without attendants, not exceed- all g thirty-five or fifty cents each per hour of r each class of chair respectively. Ke- anc! iced rates are charged where chairs are har igaged for a number of hours. tho Ordinary chairs that can be used by visi- for rs when desired, no charge being made wil erefor, are kept on hand at designated ject ltions within the principal Exhibition wri lildings. sini Soda water fountains are located at con- tiiu nient points within the principal build- ics, gs, and in pavilions crecteu for the for ltjiose on the grounds. Charge pergla?s, Ciei n cents. ten Hr \ I i i f 1 i Every convenience for visitors is provided 1 i the House of Public C'ttfnfort, including 1 parate parlors for ladies and gentlemen, ' tiring rooms, barber shoj)s, and coat and 1 lggage rooms, where packages of all kinds j -e wikcii care oi, cnecas oeing given. ' etiring rooms are also located at the en- ' : ances to all the principal buildings. 1 leeks are given at the carriage stands, ' sar the carriage concourse, for vehicles i ft in charge. The telegraph service on the grounds ! abraces a central office, in connection with 1 lmeroua sub-offices located in all parts of e grounds and buildings, and at the car- ^ age stands. 1 A number of light wagonettes, seating ten f THE MAIN 3 I ssengers each, aire run between the city j d the Exhibition grounds by the Exhibi- v n transfer company, limited. The fare fifty cents per passenger each.way. rhe Centennial National bank has estabhed convenient offices on the Exhibition aunds, and deals in coin and exchange, ih letters of credit, and afford visitors ery banking facility. In the Olden Time. [n the old Dutch times the limits of the rk in New York city were known as the acte or Flat, and was the scene of many *aas and Pinxtcr festival. It was early isecrated by a martyrdom for the liberties the people. On a dreary, rainy day in ly, 1691, the infuriated people gathered witness the execution of Jacob LeiBler, > last Dutch governor of New York, who, th his son-in-law, Jacob Milborne, was ng on an accusation of treason. The ffold was erected just about where the n building now stands, upon Leister's own >unds and in full view of his country it. " What I have done," said the fearless triot, as he stood up to die, " has been but the service of my king and queen and the Protestant cause, and for tne good of r country." As the drop fell the populace t i I - tucu nunniu nun muicrm uiiu tTien 10 itch some relic of their martyred leader, d not long after they had the pleasure of lowing his remains in state to burial in irden street church?the attainder of ason having been revoked. Leisler and ilborne were the first victims of oppresm and the pioneers of the men who gave jir lives for freedom a century afterward. Egyptian Curiosities. rhe hieroglyphics en the facade of the yptian pavilion temple, in the Main ilding, are translated by Mr. E. Brugsch, ief of transportation and installation in s Egyptian section, as follows: " The ceroy has made for the Centennial celeition, at Philadelphia, a temple." In dition to the valuable curiosities in this t: tion is a collection of pottery and Egyp- a a literature. The pottery comprises F jke-pipes, small cups and saucers, vases si THE JUDGES' , beautifully engraved with Arabiechar- wl era. There are also combs made of tortoise or 11 or pure ivory, ladles of rhinoceros df n, and s|w?ons made of common shells, ar executed by hand bv the poorer Aral>s w] northern Egypt. 1 hese combs, spoons tr I other things, though manufactured by df id, sell for less money in Egypt than se of machine make can be obtained here. The display in this section that 1 lie sought for by the scholar is that obively illustrating the progress of hand- j ting, printing and literature in Egypt to ie their first institution to the present j dr e. Proof sheets of Arabic hieroglyph- j lo specimens of Coptic chirograph}*, books 20 the blind, manuscript in hieroglyphics, ne man, French and other languages writ- V by Arabic scholars, and almanacs and I wi ehool books printed in Arabic, are orderly irranged in elegant cases, and cannot fail to command attention. Mr. Brngsch baa also i portfolio filled with drawings of sheets of apyrus, covered with hieroglyphics, and >crfectly representing the decayed and fallng apart originals. rime of Agricultural Display?. The following stated displays, under theJr -ospective dates, will he held during the International Exhibition. Applications for ntry may be now mnde, on forms which will he supplied by the chief of bureau : Agricultural Products?Pomological prolucts and vegetables. May 16th to 24th; . >trnwherries, June 7th to 15th; early grass butter and cheese. June loth to 17th; early >ummcr vegetables, June 20th to 24th; lioney, June 20th to 24th ; raspberries ana blackberries, June 3d to 8th; Southern [H>mological products, July 18tb to 22d; melons, August 22d to 26th; peaches, Sepember 4th 4S 9th ; Northern pomological products, September 11th to 16th; autumn vegetables, September 19th to 23d; cereals, September 25th to 30th ; potatoes and feeding roots, October 2d to 7tn; autumn butter ind cheese, October 17th to 21st; nuts, October 23d to November 1st; autumn honey ind wax, October 23d to November 1st. Field Trials?Mowing machines, tedders ind hay rakes, June 15th to 30th; reaping machines, July 6th to 15th. Live Stock?Homes, September 1st to 14th; dogs, September 1st to September 8th; leat cattle, September 21st to October 4th; iheep, October 10th to 18th ; Swine, October BUILDING. Oth to 18th; poultry, October 27th to Noember 6th. Whittier's Centennial Hymn Our fathers' God! from out whoa* hand The centuries fall like grains of sand. We meet to-day, united, free, And loyal to oar land and Thee, To thank Thee for the era done, And trust Thee for the opening one. Hero where of old, by Thy design, The fathere spake that word of Thiue Whose echo is the glad refrain Of rended bolt and falling chain, ? To grace our festal time from all The zones of earth our guests we call. He with us while the new world greets The old world, thronging sll its streets, Unveiling all the triumphs won By art or toil beneath the sun; Aud nuto common good ordain This rivalsliip of hand and brain. Thou who hast here in oonnard furled The war flags of a gathered world, Beneath oar western skies fulfill The Orient's mission of good will, And, freighted with lore's golden fleeoe, Send back the argonauts of peace. For art and labor met in truce, - % For beauty made the bride of ase, We tbank Thee, while withal we erare The austere virtues strong to save, The honor proof to plaoe or gold, . The manhood never bought or sold! Oh 1 make Thou us, through centuries long, In peace secure, and justioe strong; Around our gift of freedom draw Tho safeguards of Tby righteous law, And, oast iz. some diviner mold, Lot the new oyole shame the old! A Centennial Feature. A department at the Centennial under? ikes the care of cloaks, shawls, umbrellas nd other hindrances brought by visitors, or example, when a man arrives at the low with a light overcoat or an umbrell HALL. T .v. nich he doeen't want to be bothered wit i his long tour through the Exhibition, h livers it, receives a check for it, designate ly station in the Exhibition grounds a Inch he want* to hnd it, and presto 1 it I nnsported there by a sprite in uniform and slivered to him at any hour. Ten Million Visitort. Of the grand total rf the crowds of viai rs who will visit the Centennial grounds iring the summer, an exchange says, the west estimate is 10,000,000, and this is 10,000 behind the visitors at Paris, but 'arly 3,000,000 more than the visitors st i en n a. The exnibitors at Philadelphia ill exceed 60,000. / v