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fact, removed in all of the states three de- | grees from the peoj>ie ; the elector* m I many of lhe^jJics,. axe. chosen by the slate . legislature*, and where that is not for- 1 juaV.y-tt.e case, ytt it is point of fact' t ffcx led t hrough^^he^ age ncy u| t hosev bo- - actuMf rf qp< fjj^ t nT^ 1 hf ptople,Ts tfictiature of tfieir operation. It is Ute duty of tlie former to enact laws, of the latter to execute them. Every citi zen ?>r oriHn/rr information, is capable in a greater or lets degree, to form an opin ion of the propriety of " the law ; artd con sequently to judge whether Congress has or has not done its duty ; but of the exe cution of the laws, tl*ey are far less com-' petent to judge* How can the communi ty judge, whether the president, in appoint ing officers to execute the laws, has in all cases been governed by fair and hon^t motives, t>r by favor or corruption ? How. much lest competent it is to judge whether th* application of the public, money has hgen made with economy andJ^elity* or. with waste and Cpiruptioqt These are fa&ts that can he fully investigated, and_ biPUfiht before the public by Congress, unci Congt ess only* ,H?t>ce it U ,that thc^ Constitution has made tbe President res-' ponsible.io Congress, , This, ilten, is the ? essence ol our liberty : Congress is res ponstble to the people immediately, and ?thfc o^ber branches of government are res- ? ponsyble to it. nWhat, then ,lx conies of' the theovy of the > government, 4f the Pre sident hokls office i jhv his gift, which, as , it regards honoi or pioft;,"*rc more desi rabfe than, a stut in. thMt.Housc,: the onlf ? ofluce immediately in the gift of the peo- \ jiUj.? Here Mr.. C< checked himself. * Hr j found nimself, he said, committing an un pardonable e**orf in presenting arguments ? to tl us. body. ..The tar of t|ii*. House, on 1 this subject, said kfc, is. sealed against i truili .and reason* ?\Vh^^. Im* prmuiced this magic spi'U Mnyt ructions ? JrVjeU then, has it come . to this 1 have {the j people of j this country snatched the power of deli he* ratipn from this body ? have tliey resolved the government into its oviginul fcleTncnts, and resumed to themselves their primitive jw>i*<r or legislation ? Are we,, then a body Mf u< dividing agents, and not ? deliberate one wl'hout the power, but possessing the form of. legislation ? if such be the fact, let geuUemeu produce ll*eir instructions. property authenticated* them name the time aud place, at which the people assembled, jyiddcliberateii on the quc^iw* ~-0.no !^lW*ha\? HQ whiten, iu> verbal Jni|truc*i<m*>bnt, they jiava implied instruc tions. The law is unpopular, and they are bound to: repeal *lt, ino ppoiition to their conscience and icaaon. I lave gentlemen reflected on the' consequences of this- doc trine ? Are we bound in all ^cases ' to do w hut ia popular ? If4i it; true, how ate political t> i rot**,. once prevalent* %y* r to be corrected! fiuppase a party to spring up in this country* whose real views were thfc destruction of hbf rvy-s-suppoyc ttow management, by the patronage of office*, by the corruption of the press, -they should delude i he people* and obtain a majority *+*and surely such a state of thing* is not iijnpossible-?-what then will he the effect o/ fefe&t h Qufljht we to set quiet ? Ou^ln we to he dumb ? or rather m?$Nt vc to approbate, *ho* we see that lilierty is to be ingulpbed ? This doctrine of im plied instruction, if I am not mistaken, Is a new one* fbr<4he <fir?t time broached in this iiou*e ; and if I am ~not greatly de ceived, not more new than dangerous* . It Tilery different in its character and effects, , from- the old doctrine that tH* constituents have a right Unassemble and formally to instruct the .representative and though I would not hold myself bound to obey any such instructions^ yet I conceive that the doctrine is not of a very, dangerous char* acter, as the good sense ol the people have as yet prevented them from exercising such a right, and wi|l, in all probability, in far tur* present thentr 'But thi* wwe! trine is, of a far different charscter, Such instruction may exist any day and on ipny subject, Jt msy be ijw*ya at hpnd to ??v tTfy any aberation fro m political dt h y* Mr. C* Would a*k its advocate* in what do they differ In their actions, from the mer? Jglm-n flier, the political weathercock f it hwHij the one may have in view his own *A vnncement, in consulting his popularity , and the othef may M governed by a mfo taken but CfHiHcientinns regard to duty ; yet? bow Is the country benefitted by this difference, since they equally* abandon the plain road of truth and reason* to Worship at the shrine ofthis political idol* rll was said liy a member from Massachusetts (Mr. Conner) that x this right of ^instruc tion is only denied in monarchies* fcnd as a proof *4 it, Jte cited? ?he opinion of' Mr* 1 Burkn, whom be called a pensioner, at the B^MoU:iectioii? bio far is be from being cofrecUthat in n^e M of the frt?e govern mcnts of antiquity eon he pomt out the !ea*t trace of J?i doctrine. |r originated in the modern, govt rnments of btnope, par ticularly thai of Great Britain. The fcng lish rarlium? ot har!,at us origin* no other power or duty, but granting money to the erdwn ; and a* the members of tjut were frequently urgetuiy [ lance thew n\9i)?y gAms 1\ convenient excuse to avoid the srgjeeae, to they* were fTot ntitiuetta. 1 hj:^gpiri*? man was incorrect 1J1 calling siori^r at the (fee W dcUM^jj % imp ??Mw ^ subsequent character, Was a first champion in the/CMse of ^rh^rty and of (ftiA i country ; and if ihe ^ortUMmf'7w?uUi >eeur t6 the points in which he Mused to obey the instructions of his const intents, it will not {preatiy encrcase his t affeciioas for : auch doctrines... That mind roust, be great ly different trom mine, *aid Mr. (J. who can read that speech, and not* embrace its doctrints. < ' / ? w 9 7 I too, sa?d Mfr. C. am an advocate for instruction. I afn ''iuairuffedl 7 7iex' ecn^ sittvriorti* my teller of instruction. Writ ten by the hand'ofthe people, 'stataipt with their authority it&dmiis of no do'iibf as tn 1 its obligation^ Your very acts in opposi ftolcmn voice of the people, to which 1 boW in perfect submission. It is htie the vox .popuJi is tfce vox Del. This is the ali-poW erful creative voice which spoke our' fcuv crnmem into existence, cftd made us po litically bs we are. * ThU body is the firs* oi b in 'the political freation, srd stands 'ne*t in authority 10 the original creative voice of thejwropie } and any attempt to RH e u dtfterefof direction to Its mbvement, Irom what lh^ constitution and-the deitbe tale consideration of*its members,* 'point out, I consider as an innoviaiion on the priiitipM of our ? goveriiTi \tt\U > This is necessary to make'tAe people really happy; and'any brie invented wirtt <*publtc author-* to be aa aenfctbly- alive to the peopie'4' baptpfnens* ;jfs.hsotueT* gentleman wish the Hotise tfo fee to -friete popularity. H'd'krtetv that such -was the stricture of ourifcdvernmentyUiat tn^ permanent feel ing tof the community would impress it ?eif on this1 Hou^rv" He rtjoc* d that 'such tfab (lie /jvet, as there would be no -security foriiberty* wire Hl<fihtV**We. * ' TheL&ense of tile people.<said i?e; operating fairly itrui constitutionally tbwdp;h electimisi Will he felt op this very subject* at the very next session ; butsurely the question by whom the repeal is effected, is one of n<? slight importance can by our successors, if they think pfroper? hi at let^jK ^onsistent t^.tlon* ? Ufc .it cunnpt. Should we re duce it to the ojd.rptts. wh$.*n it is well known that the sense of a great majority ofthls^Ho^se is wholly' averse to it, be ? sides the great losrt' ttf ihchvidual charac ter WhitNh must sustain, ft is calculated to brln# into Suspicion aN political charac ters, ? to Hie great injury of the public. Yotrnmy *ely on it, the public wish and expect us to actrlf? the conventions of our mind and will, not to tolerate the idea that either on this or any other important nc caiiotf, you are acting a part, and that you Slndinmdy jrinn ronrhirt in applause of the aoditnee. Mr. C. said, he hoped he Would not beftiisunderstood ; that while he combutted the idea that we are bound to do siich acts a* will render us popular, for such he understood the doctrine, *e are to overlook \ the- charac |w??, The law* ought, In all cast s, to fit the permanent and settled character of iIm: community#" The state of public feel ing, then, is ? fact to be reasoned upon, and to receive the weight on any particular I question to which it may faiily.be enti tled. But, frtr His |*qt, he preferred that erectness of mind which, in all eases, felt i disposed to embiace what warn, in itself, just and wise. Such characters he tho,t more useful, under ^chsi* v form of govern ment, than ^ny other, and wwe more ceJw tam of the- applause of afier ages. If lie was not miitakcn, it constituted the Very* essence of the admired character 4( ami* cpiity* such atfc^io, fhociun* and Aris ^att^n^isM^ cease lo be the objects of our admiration, V ? tald,\ak5fij( It A>t granted ih&t he succeeded in proving that this House was at libel ty to decide on this question according to thev<tfcutes 6f to btst jud?> ment \ he n6w would resimte the argument wtiefe fW had HfOpt if. He had proved that this HofaSe is the foundation of out liberty j that it i? responsible to the jieo Iple for the faiiltft it d^charge of its duties and that any other branch of government I* responsible to it as the 'immediate r& present*! Ives of the people, and that it is^ essentia! to I he fair operation of the princi pits of ouir constitutions,/ that this body should not be any degree under the in* fiUenco of the Other branches. of, the gov erlWiu, Hojr iben stoqd the (act ? lie begged that tid one would atribufe to him factions views. . He would speak in reht tiou to no parttcnla* measure or mem He wished simplyJtotfluNtijtte y^rieral rin cipfcs ; to *p%*!l *0 W'e ' constituents as the lawa. HWthem he ittpesteri. is tht fhet? Are there not its the poorer of the Presi dent a multitude of office* rnrire profit a ble, and many both more protitabjf and lOurtble in pubNc estimation than a seat fiA IUI> House?- i he only officc iu the grve in the gift of the fieojUe ? Have wc pot seen, in many instances, men ^?ftfltoCled out of this House tu nil subordi jfiMe executive offices, whpse only tempta 3^7 * and what is far more dan-" i^je very respect ipych more' to be draaJfcKfc do vfcfQin see th? vc?y bcstla ifctils of the Hotise, men of the most as j piring Characters, anxious to fill the de. I pan me qhs on foreign ojissiousi L?et me | toot be understood to tlirow blame oi\them. -"the fault is not so much in them us the system. . Congees?* then , is only the first step jn the flight of honorable distinction. So fiigh the people can raise the aspirant, to go beyond, to rise to the highest, the Executive must uke him by the luind On what side then must his inclination be ! On the side of his constituents, w ho can do no more than to keep him wheVe he is or that of the executive power on whom his future hope l.iust depend ? Setting corruption aside, which M.e believed I J^ad liicide no inroad on us* but take hn | man nature as it is, '-can yoii expect with ordina v vimt that vigilant and bold over sight over vhc executive pow^r which the consUtffiiou kup|>oseS, and which is r.ecea sai y to coerce a power possessed of so much flun onugr ? He Was aware the evil was dif ficult to -be cured* It was the opinion of sameV7 il>at;fio member 6f either house ought to be ru pa life ofbeing appointed to. any office for the ttertu for which the Pres ident ii elected. ? tt Is wo~i^yH6l>t flection. For his pan but 6ne objection occurred to him whiih he could not surmount. ' He feared that so long us; the executive offices which he had mentioned, continued to be more desirable than a seat in this house, it would tend still further to depteas the leg islature. T he best material for politics systematically avoid Congress, and approach l.xecutive favour through some other ave mm. be adopted in part, hejvas confident' it was necesaary to make a seat in Congress more deiirabie than what it is even at the pres* ent pay* What kuiu wasaufjkient.for that purpose he stated last year hi debate, .ami had only to regret that the, country did not s zt the same necessity with him op this t>oint. Gentlemen say We might to come here for piire* | atriblism and honor.' It sounds well ; hut-, if the system be adopted tu its full extent, there Will be found heither patriotism or honor sufficient "tor continual privations. .W? must regard, human nature as it is* said Mj. C. and particularly that portion for whom we legislate.* Out! coun try men* with many admirable qualities, are in my opinion, greatly distinguished Ry the love of acquisition# I will not c?Hl ^t ava rice, anil the love af honorable distinction. fie objected to neither of these traits. They both grew necessarily out of tlje character of our country arid institutions. Otp* popu, lation advances beyond that of aH countries* marriages in al) condi tons of life ti&e plate at an early period. Hcncej the 1 c|uty im-, posed afmotft every xme ^ tn?kc pFd* vision lor a is row ing family. 1 1 ence, bur love of | gain, which in most instances, is (bunded on the purest virtues. The love ofdistfoc? lion is nrtt les* deeply fixed. In a country, of such blended qualities* reliance ought not to be had wholly on honor of profit. Thejroufthi lo be blended In due (bropoiftiaii The It^lb i* lhat no office requiring Ipng continued pi ivaiions*will be honored, unless j duly rewarded for it ceasfcs to be jm object I] of ptinioit* If these view* be correct tl^e effect of an ndeqate reward it not (inly, 4 to Attract talent to Jihe place Where it is rtiost, I. needed* th# legislature* hut yo\? make it || more stationary there, and what is more I i ssemial, place it more beyond Executive . control ; and thus realize the full iftVfeUirf the theotyofyotir government, ilie ad ditional expence would not be felt ; and he Ij km* <4W oth^r objection, which had the [ Kast phuiH'hihty, except that we cahftot plead the fcfcample of any other COtifttry, ' and that it is calculated to nrodura too r mnrh ft He acknowledged ihc want worth; serV* Investigation,* what effect it Mad had Jotf-'tli* pennanartcy of <h*ir , liberties, biti *% should : we look fur examples either to the state legislatures or to other coutlltfes ? lo what pt^er instance has. the .dlitfes of legislation involved so great a sacrifice of lime and domestic pursuits ? ' ( km i pa re our services here, with that of a judge. Or most Executive offices, end they; . will be found not less burdensome* Nor dul he fear, th^t tilt? competition for a seat i In CongTHts "Would I* too animated. He believed a sharply cOn'ested election, if c^iv rnption did not enter* was of public advan tage. It brhifct^tHa proceedings of this body more fully before the people, and makis them mttch better acquainted with their interest. It even mrikes a' seat here more honorabls in public estimation. Nor was he afraid that competitions would pro duce. . corruption t fifteen hundred or two thousand dollars a year would not" be su&ciept for this purpose. An election to Congress was, in this respect, more safe than loa state Legislature / as it requires so mat>y more to elect to the lofrmer. thsn the Jat'er. I liis aecurity grows with the increasing growth of the country ;as the number of constituents will !;c i datively t^> the representatives, increase. Thtte were other, atul important consideration?! con nected vv lli a just pay tu the members of tins body ; but us they had been fa i 1 1 y presented by the Vepoitof the commitee, tve would not fully discuss them. 33 y an inadequate pay, you close the door ol pub tic hunot oxr some of the ving citizens, 1 alcnts in this country aic principly from the middling and lower clashes. These, in fact, ronstiuhe the great body ot i tie community. A >oung man of talents spends his property and time to ai quire sufficient information to pursue a profession. He provrs worthy of public confide nee : ought he not to rr r.tive indemnity lor the application of hi* lime and talents to the service of his country t It would be economy with a vengeance to exclude all such from the fl->or oflegi Nation, or to make them mere political adventurers, who would enter lure only. for further promotion. The extent of our coun'ry saic^ he, points another and p o\yei|!ujLi^jfta vdiy the p;.y should be respectable. No one is fit for legislation 'who dues not constantly bear in mind chat .our republic is distinguished from ull other J"iee countries that has ever existed* hv the extent of otir' territory. ' While we derive from tbis distinctorrmany advantages, wc ore liable to great and menacing dangers,, While we behold our grovth with pride, it must ot the same time impress u* with j awe. It is our duty to overcome space by evciy effort in ouf^poWer. We ought to attract suitable talents from the most dis* tant pa?t of our republic by a full and gen erous allowance.' -^Distance itself fnn*?i | lilies a great objection to many to perform the duties of this body. Should the men i who by nature and study are endowed with requisite qualities for public service 4ms .forced by a miserable parsimony either to divert their talents to private pursuits* or to -affuirs'bf the respective states, and men of inferiot'efcpacity be sent to this l>ody w ho can measure the public misfortune ? What cotitd tend more powerfully to dissever this union ? Home have taken up the idea, u* extraordinary as it may seem, that the in increased payjio members is jfi its bJ.ure aristocwtical. Whit, is it aristocrat ical 1 services to the public ? Can ii be consider ed as favoring the poWer of a few to ex tend the power and influence of the people in the affairs of the general government I It enables them to select the best thlent* for their own immediate service ; it rais es them in the scale of influence by < ant ing the most shining and aspiring talents to be dependent on them for promotion and honor. h makes the service more desirable, than that of Executive employment ; and by u simple process enable* them through i their immediate agents, this House, to | hold a controlling powW over any depatt in ?nt of trie jgovernmenti Such , is the f autocratical tendency of this reprobateed | measure. rflit he aight ex ; tend his observations much' farther on Una most important subject / but so much1 hud [ been well saiti br others that he would I abstain He must however present* to. j the Hops? ^ , reason which he believed had ? not as yet 'been touched on ) he nleant t thtiappy efH ctV wSfiSBui arle(|uarc com pensation would have on y?e tone or par* | t^es in our coufitt y. Make u seat in ( on Ktcss?wh?u. it ought to be, the first post in i the community', next to the Presidency, ; and men of the greatest distinction in an jr part ol the $ounttyiwitl seek It. * The post tbep of bo$f* distinction being in the - people, and not in the- ['resident, will he ! open to all parties in ptoportion' to their ' ascendency in . the union. 'I hat entire mpnoplc of honor and. public profit bv the majority will not, be experienced, which must be felt, when the honors of the coun try are principally in the , hatidvtf Jhe Chief Magistrate* Those WliV> hrst t?*~ demand our nature can the most fully ap l lh? conueqmeocea* AUhouftU~*fr ? msy not abate the heat or party, it will > greatly effect their leeling towards our , happy political institutions* The bill to repeal the compensa tion law, and all laws on the same subject, from and after the end of the present session of Congrees, yesterday passed the Senate ?, and, having passed both Hojusscs. now want* on/y the signature of the P rt sjdeht to become a Uw. The bill to erect the western part of the Mississippi Territory into a State, yesterday partfed the Senate,' and will now come, before the House of Representative*- There are some who prefer that the whple territory should be' included within the limits of the new state, lnste?ul of a part of it which this bill don templates. This will probably be asuDjectofdtscu3Monin the House, ? when the biJJ is taken up.