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Upon the botany of that state. The prin cipal writers on the subject of divinit^ about tSc lime of the revolution, were Dr. M^rhew, Dr. AJchattney, Dr. Jorm r> tvh', and the Rtv. My les Cooper. Mr. Davis' writings an* of a date somewhat earlier. Dr.- John Withei spoon, late president of Piinceton coUcge, wrote not only on sub- i jects, but likeVise on hter'ature, politics, and general science. He was an author who possessed ti Kommon strength ano clearness of mi?<l. David Rittenhouse, who was born in TV32, at tiermantown fn" Pennsylvania Was ike author of several es says published in ihe transactions of the American Philosophical Society, but is chiefly known as a man of acuteness in mathematics. Dr. Ezra Stiles, late pre sident of Yal e co lege, is hardly number ed afnong American authors, but chiefly celebrated as the most learned man this country has ever produced He was also one of the most active promoters of litera ? ture. lie was tducatrri in Y.*U, and <Ji?d~ there in i 795. There have been several ab'e political I Writers who rose about the period of the revolution. We need not repeat in this class ihe names of many that are mention ed above. John Dickenson, of Dehware, author of the the Farmer's letters, dis played in that, and other writings, great 1 Trading, together with still greater acute ness, eloquer.ee and taste, it will be suf ficient in lijtifr place to~ mention the names 1 Thomas Paine, James Otis, Samuel Adams, John Adams, governor Hutchinson, Rich- , ard Bland, Arthur Lee, R. C. Nicholas, "William H. Drayton, Hamilton, toadison. Jay and Jefferson. This brings us near to (Air own period, but we must first name the remaining writers of the last century Dr. B. Rush, and Dr. Burton, properly belong to that era, and governor Bow do n of Massachusetts decidedly does, as he died in 1730, \>ut he is hardly ranked a mong the number of authors ; he how ever wrote much that has betrn pi blished inMemorsof the American Acadatrty of Arts and Sciences. Of historical writers we have already mentioned Governor (.'ol den# author of a History of the Five Na tions of Indians, Wm. Smith? author ot a history of t^ie Province of New-York, and governor Hutchinson, author of a his tory of Massachusetts. Besides these were Sumuel Smith, who wrote the his tory of New- Jersey, Dr. Jeremy Belknap who wrote the history of New Hampshire, Dr. Samuel Williams, author of the his tory of Vermont. I. Sulivan au'hor of a history of the District of Maine, and Dr. Benjamin Trumbull author ot the Civil and Fxclesiastical History of Connecticut. Mr. Robert Proud's history of Pennsylvania is a correct and valuable collection but pos sesses no literary merit. Geo. R. Minot author of the^ Continuation of the History of Massachusetts, is said to have been a writer of rare talents, antW4Ws^ early loss was much lamented- But the first in this department is Dr. Davul Ramsay, author of a history of the American revolution, a history of the revolution in South- Carolina a history of the life of Washington, kc. Next on the subject, but much inferior, is Marahal. Of the poets of the last century we shall not here stop to speak, as America can claim but litter in this way, either of pist or present merit. The names of Barlow, Trumbull, Dwight, Humphreys, Freneau, R. l\ Paine, &. c. have not those high claims upon which to build a national cha racier. Of late we have seen some very fine specimens of poetic talent circulating through the papeis. but we do not thmk the prtsent period likely to produce any great effort worthy of the sublimity of American genius* Com. Truxton has beeen commissioned by the governor of Pennsylvania, as Sheriff of the city and county of Philadelphia. General Miranda has died in lions In prison at Cadiz. Patrick ifenry , the famous orator of Vir ginia, is said to have been once placed in the following awkward predicament : hn gaged in a most extet a ve and luciative practice of the law. he mistook, in one in stance the side of the cause on wli ch he was retained, and addressed the conit and jury in a very splendid fit convincing speech in behalf of his antagonist. His distracted client came tip to him, whilst he was pro ^.ecdin^, and interrupting him, bitterly ex claimed,^ You have undone me! You have ruined me 1" " Ntvtr mind, give yourself xfa concern," said the adroit akvocate, and turning to the c -urt and jury, continued his argument by observing, u May it please your honors, and you, gentlemen of the ju ry, 1 have been staling to you what my ad versary may urge on his side. I will now show you how fallacious his reasoning.and how groundless his pretensions are." The skilful orator proceeded, Satisfactorily re futed everj^argument he had adranced,and gained his cause. \ considerable q'laniity of snow fell in the environs of Ixmdon, on the 2oili Au gust last. FOri THE CAMDEN CJZETTH. A bWlEF ACCOUNT OJ (he general ufifiearance oj $qu Th-Caho lisa , und tin climate , connect ed with ob setvaiions u/ion the manners of Its inhabit ants . and i he influence of chma'c upon iharii by _ tuk editok. I now beg leave to bay something of the upper purl of the state, which may be Did W contmtiHT tm mediately after passing tho.se immense beds of sand, of w htch I have a, ready spoken, lying near the 34tn d. of north latitude. ] Although a striking dissimilarity in the topogiaphy of the two divisions, may at first, shock the conception of an incrtdu ious leaner, yet it is no less correct than strange, that the up-countiy, so called in contradistinction lo the lower part ef the state, becomes at once a broken, irregular* and fi nirfnt rait , r^mbjing vaty nrettfrihf~ northern slates. Instead of sand, reflect ing a scorching heat from the impinging rays of an almost Vertical sun, the eye is met by hills and v. les ; the luxuriance and diversity of whose growth pour forth those different shades of guen which i>ever fail to arrest ihe attention, and excite the most pleasant reflections.- Here nature has in deed distributed her gifts most equably, lib e rally and judiciously. Here hill, dale, low land and upland, partake^alike of her blessings ;,and here labouring husband men reap, with smiles and plenty, their abundant fruit. Here is no barren hr&rtT to appal, no iruitless plain to tire ; but uni versal plenty, mirth and cheerfulness glad den the heart) and felicitate the waiks ol life. Another very striking difference in the upper and low country, is the appearance ol stone in that pajt which now becomes the subj;-c. ol consideration. 1 have remark fed in some of my preceding obaefVulie ns, that sand or m other words silicious eartn, did not exist after leaving the low country ; but the idea, in a chemical point of view, was-iwcorrect, for>o general is Us distribu tion, that it is found here scattered in the form of quartz and flint; not Ho mention innumerable quarries ot rock, of w hich it it is pro')abiy the base. At the IJ. States establishment, on the Catav*bj, accoiding to Cieiil. M'Lomb, iarge quantities of grey gran ne may be seen in sui|>endijnus mas ses, just beneath tne surface ol the eai h, and the probability is, what immense quail* tuies are lo be lound m every part of ihat section of the country. The original inhabitants of ihe IbWer part of the state were composed of em.g rants from almost every part of the World, woo came for the purpose of gain, and to escape a system of tyranny, instituted by th? d+ffeiei.t tm'enta'es of Europe. Thtir de*ctmtkro.s of course- who are the natives, partake more or less of the manners, dis pjsi'iioits and piincfSles of their fathers ; consequently, loc^l party spirit, which ad mit? of many divisions and subdivisions, exists among them, as an aggregate bod\ . it would be impossible to give a correct sketch of their vaiious manners, habits alid dispositions, under a general head. I shall therefoie endeavour to present the reader with a nioie satisfactory delineation by re? ducing them to three orders, viz; The wealthy, Middle cl*ss, And poorer^K-ople, in which I do not include the idle plebean. It is a very < trite, and I believe just ot> servation. that hauteur, egotism and vani ty are the characteristics of ephemeral no bility. 1 he wealthy of our country are generally ihe chiidien of prosperity, con ceived by enterprise and avance. Their domes, once the abode of restrictive (eco nomy, are now a scene of loxtirv and in dependence. Here the best informed 8t wt|| bred amontr them, possess easy manners, ' are poire, and fond of literature. Whrn introduced to their acquaintance, their greatest desire is to render your s tuation agreeable. 1 hose, on theothtr hand, who. like the microscopic insert, have just em erged into life, are they who make the greaest noise and show in the fashionable world. Like op?ke spo.s in the snn, they bt come conspicuous from an incapability ol transmitting rays. Fearful of passing unnoticed, they make the greatesi disbUy of wealth, assume the airs of scholars, and men of science, to wipe away the stain which had been impressed by that misera ble shrew ; poverty. The legislature now claims their attention* Chicane deposes Candour, and an ambiguous nhraseoloirv astonishes their inferiors.* B it laying aside wh it Laurcelot Lane ataft call, the whiniwhamt of the day they 'are truly Imputable to neighbour*^ Willi whom they are upon term * of intima ? There is no tia*9ton more universal than find-. It firrvudea aft order* of society: / rum the throne to the e**tage Every in dividual in some fwne or other conceievea himself sufiertor lo tome one of his ifircies, and Ivok* down xoi'h contempt or hang hi y comhatfiion on <t<l who are filrtced beneath his i imaginary siifiertoty . Zim. nat. pride. cy , and strangers. They are generally friends to government, an<JL ucbtrous of the promotion of" letters. 1 heir manner of living fs as vai i :s their dispositions ? ? I believe, however, the following arrangement will enable us <o trace it out, with a loiici able share of ac curacy. .Those who have been bred gentle men, possess! i g the accomplishments of life, and a competencv, live ^encially a like 1 heir diet c?>nsi?;mg ot the pio ducuons of the country, is both nutricious and stimulating, Valetudinarian^ som*t times accomodate their food to the state of their systems. ? 1 heir afternoons are spent in frequent libations of wine. Mirth unci joHity close the scene upon con\ ivial occa ' blODs, 2d. Those who are the imitators of fash ion, content themselves wilti equalling their superiors, when they have their friends to witness it. respect to the r minds, they are cjuick of conception, hasty of conclusion, sometimes passionate, but not vindictive They excel in whatever they undertake, provided it does not require too much cor poral exertion. 1 he m'dtlle class of peoplecomprehends those who possess a competency, yet not enough to buoy them up in extravagance, or to enable them to soar aloof ; for wealth here constitutes the great man. As money . is the prime mover and exciting cause of almost every ac\ion, they of course labour more Or less undt-r Its influence i const ^uci.tly partake of a variety of sentiment, corresponding respectively with th ir na ura| dispositions. In tins particular how ever they agree wUh the rest ot mankind, ior in t very government upon earth, there is piobahly a common goal, to reach which all uie slt-ug?linjr ; and it is equally plain mat such an. emulation must ever be pro ductive of Koocl & had eftecs. In minds Loo ; narrow, to discard the rubbish of public o pinion, is generated sophistry and dissimu aiion. (Others who take a more liberal and LeXtensive view ol human nature* spurn at I their folly, assert their rights, and maintain 4 dignified respect. These aie they, who become the most useful, well informed and iespeciat>;e? 1 hey possess genuine hospi _JiiIiiy? good breeding, and love ot country. Poverty with them is not viewed as a bar rier against which it is useless for the citi ? zen of intrinsic W-onh to struggle ; but merit, undisguised meiiL, readily wings its way to the throne of generous approbation, htill, however, i can riot deny but an uni versal thirst for novelty pervades the whole. ft is both an individual and state character istic. * helf' manner of living is neat, plente ous, and rational ; but not as sumptuous as that ot the preceding class. 1 he poorer sort of people* consist of persons who are decent labourers, posses sing a few slaves. ] here is considerable usticity in their manners. 'I hey are frank, ingenious, and for the most part stnctly honest. Imita'ors, many ot them, of those who are in better circumstances, they aspire to those qualities an i posses sions whici render others con picuous. As v et 1 have said nothing of the dishon est part of the community. It must he acknowledged, al; hough reproachful, that they too frequently accumulate fhnun*?, utifi by playing the part of gentlemen, ush er themse.ves into notice. They are gen rally cunning, deceitful, full of stratagem, and well qualified (or deluding s- rangers. Sensible of my responsibity, as an author, 1 lor so frank an exposition of the ostensible failings of my fellow citizens, 1 hope I hall i>e allowed to offer as an apology my unfeigned desire to contribute in eiadicut ?ng them. 1 he task is certainly a wot k >f snpererrogation ; bu' as small hints fre quently give a preponderance to the yale of honor* it is hoped it Will not be without < ffect. Convinced hat an analytical view of the characters of men is better calculated for d( fa mat ion than otheiwise, I l>eg leave to draw the readers attention to a aucinct his tory of their characters, as a general and political body. '1 hey are, in the language ol Dr. Morse, M affable and easy, and po lite and attentive to strangers," extremely jealous of their rights, tenacious of their own worth, firmly attached to government, and active in the execution ot laws, might have been added with propriety. ' Their amusement consists of the chace. convivial parties.. billiards, cards, chess. &e. More athletic exercises are unpleasant and msnpportable to those who have been bred i in affluence. Now in the Press, Of .Messrs. Row k & Hoop* a, Boston, A Journal Of a Young Man of Massachusetts, a Pris oner of War with the British, confined first a Melville Island (Halifax) then at Chatham, England, and last at Dartmoor Prison." Su6*rri/i/iorj* fnr the above work rcceiverl at thm (jjficr. October -0, 1 a I 6, ? ;j IMHoTi 7H Yty-A " ti Ml'. N"r or AtC.it.RS. ? *"?<"'> 0c,'-?er 2>? Hv the Bordeafiic lackct, an.vr.l lo-djy i?om Havre, wc ha\e received Fans pupeis to Sep'. 16 Ihey furnish the following interesting ^translation) uccount. Juris, St/iiCrnbrr 13. ? According to the news from Algiers, dated 3Ut Aug. the fl^ct p,-CSclUci| llsclf tjcioru that c.iy on i he 2 7th Aug. about 12 mid. day, to the huiuhe it of 32 sail, of w hich 6 weic L)u;cn lii^aies. Alter having uselessly tried negotiations. Lord Exmouth caused his vessels to be moored at half canncn shot distance, under the batteries of the Fort Miid Koad ; his own ship placed at the entrance of the port, and so r.ear lo the Keys that yards touched the house* ; and his batteries taking in reverse those of ~ thr-mii itoi nt the p. n'tVwTei turned mi i) p ? canoniers of the port, who remained en tirely exposed. The fire of the English wa* sustained more than six hours; but only served >o increase the rage of the enemy, when two English officers de manded pet mission to go in anembaika t'on, and set fire to the principal Algerine higate, which blocked up the entrance of the pm ? this being complied wi h, the en terprise had entue success- ? a fresh \V. w m<I m.<a frw nitnutetrset fire to the av hole "cet, o frigates, 4 corvetts and 50 gun l*>ats, which were consumed. The city i?ad suffered less, notwithstanding the bombs had occasioned considerable de?< t ruction ' here ? Hie English fleet experi enced a veiy heavy lo*s. It is estimated that the loss on either side is 1,000 men. An Algeiuic frigate being on fiie and driv en by the w.iivts ujMin the Kng.iah Admi ral, forced the latter to cut his cables, and wi hdiaw lo -m the battle tor some time. It is saul that the lo>.s on bouidof Lord Exmouth's ship was 200 men? himself wounc.td ? and a cajnain of on** of the frigates was killed. The L)< v durinp the whole of the action was engaged in flying from post to post, encouraging his soldiu ty? On the 428th, the English squadron was moored in the great Koad, but out of the reach of cannon shot. s On the 428th, an aimistice was concluded on the basis that the admiral had at first proposed Here follow the principal conditions : 1st. 1 he Regency consents to abolitTi the slavery of Europeans, at Algiers? and by consequence of this principle immedi ately io set at liberty all the European pii sonns ai Algiers. t 2d. In reparation of the injuries done at Bonn antl Oran, the Regency agrees to refund to England the sum of three hun dred and seventy thousand dollars, which were bi ought by the Neapolitans to Al i 3d. The Consular presents are abolish - I ? kut as is the custom in the East, they ? J niu> be admitted as personal presents, oil i lie arrival of every Consul, and given in own name but never to exceed the sum of 500/. sterling. 4th. I he King of the Netherlands in consequence of the pair h<? has taken in tills rxpedeuon, shall enjoy the same pri vileges us England. _ 3th. There shall he a new formal treaty, between England and the regency of Al giers?in which the kingdom of Nether land* shall participate. ? In other at lit., e*> of the armistice it is stipulatf d that the Regency shall preserve the right of making war upon the differ ent European powers, and that tho-e of their subjects who shall fall into their hands, shall never be reduced to slavery, but Heated as prisoners of war. 6</?/ 5 ? I he president of the Anti Bai baron institution, had yesterday, a pnvate audience with his Majesty / Who before he passed into /his cabinet, publicly complimented the president upon the ac complishment of th< great object of their wishes and labours, by brilliant success of the combined expedition against Algiers; the news of which had been received hv his majesty in despatch from the French Consul residing in that -regency.? The ' immediate result of this great success, so * abiy concluded by Lord Ex mouth, has been, besides the destructi on of the pirati cal cruises* the liberation of all the Eu ropeans in slavery and the abolition ot the ' capture of them in future. The detafte ? of the operation of this signal act of vtry- s gence against the ne*t (foyer) of th* pira tical system, we shall not delay officially to publish. 1 4 ? The details wh'cH we have given of the attack on Algiers, were brought to Marseille* by a French corvette. It is added, that the battle of the 27th las ted from 2 o c'ock in the afternoon until! aher midnight; and the Dey, dlssatisfi d with the measures Uiken by his minister of marine, had cut off his head. Another account of the affair of Algiers states that the Dey had been compelled to o:ive up all the ?on< v that he hnd received of the various European powers, and to release 11,000 white European SHives. he 1 nglish lost 390 men, and one of the.?r ships suffered much.