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+ STi VOL. IV. NO. 27. 1 NATION'S BIfflMY. ? Tliu One MreM Amiiyersery of tie United States. 4 The Centennial Celebration at Philadelphia?Views of the Notable Events ?Interesting Statistics of the Great Exposition. ( The Centennial Hymn. The following are the worda of the Centennial fcvmn sung by the chorus of nine hundrod voices: Our fathers' God! from out whoso hand The centuries fall like grains of sand, We meet to-day, united, free, And loyal to our land and Thee, To thank Thee for the era done, And trust Thee for the opening o e. Here where of old, by Thy design, The fathers spake tLat word of Thine Whose echo is tho glad refrain " Of rouded bolt and falling uhain, To grace our festal time from all The zones of earth our guests we call. Be with us while the new world greets The old world, thronging all its streets, Unveiling all the triumphs won By a*t or tc.il beneath the eun; And unto common good ordain This rivalebip of hand and brain. Thou who liast hore in concord furlel The war fl^gs of a gathered world, TV-neath our western siiee fulfill The Orient's mission of good will, And, freighted with love's golden fleece, Send back the argonauts of peace. For art and labor met in trace. For b-auty mado the bride of use, A ^ jflL AGRICULTURAL We thank Thee, while withal we crave The austere virtues strong to save, The honor proof to place or gold, The manhood never bought or Eold! Oh! make Thou us, through centuries long, In peace secure, in justice strong; Arcu id our gift of. freedom draw The safeguards of Thy righteous law, A~d. cast in some diviner mold, L t the new cycle shame the old! The Centennial Grounds. how to reach them, and provision made for the accommodation of visitors. The Exhibition buildings are in immediate connection with the entire steam railway system of the country, for the accommodation of which two commodious depots are located adjacent to the Exhibition grounds. They are also in immediate connection with the entire street railroad system of the city of Philadelphia, which centers in a grand concourse, located adjacent to the Main or Belmont avenue entrance. There are thirteen entrances to the Exhi- j bition grounds. The hours of. admission will be from nine a. m. to six p. m. The price of admission is fifty cents, f payable in one piece at the entrance gate; this one charge admits the visitor to everything to be seen during the time he remains within the inclosure. A narrow gauge double track steam rail? * 1 /vn cm l/mtraik koo vuvin fllf. wayj mnx uiurs iti icugvu^ uao uwu *u* nished with its equipment as a special exhibit, and is operated for the conveyance of passengers within the inclosed grounds, i at a fixed charge of five cents p# passenger per trip. ? FIRST PRAYER Rolling chairs are kept on hand, at designated stations within the principal Exhibition buildings, for conveyance of visitors who may desire to use them. With attendantSj the charge for their use by the hour will be not exceeding seventy-five cents each per hour: without attendants, not exceeding thirty-five or fifty cents each per hour for each class of chair respectively. Reduced rates are charged where chairs are engaged for a number of hours. Ordinary chairs that can be used by visitors when desired, no charge being made iNDA therefor, are kept on hand at designated stations within the principal Exhibition buildings. Soc'a water fountains are located at convenient points within the principal buildings, and in pavilions erected for the purpose on the grounds. Charge per glass, ten cents. Ev' ry convenience for visitors is provided in the House of Public Comfort, including separate parlors for ladies and gentlemen, retiri g rooms, barber shops, and coat and baggage rooms, where packages of all kinds are vaken care of, checks being given. Retiring rooms are also located at the entrances to all the principal buildings. Checks are given at the carriage stands, near the carriage concourse, for vehicles left in charge. Th telegraph service on the grounds embraces a central office, in connection with numerous sub-offices located in all parts of the grounds and buildings, and at the carriage stands. A number of light wagonettes, seating ten passengers each, are run between the city and the Exhibition grounds by the Exhibition transfer company, limited. The fare is fifty cents per passenger each way. The Centennial National bank has established convenient offices on the Exhibition grounds, and deals in coin and exchange, cash letters of credit, and afford visitors every banking facility. The Agricultural Building. This building illustrates a novel combination of materials, mainly wood and glass, and consists of a long nave crossed by three transepts, each being composed of trussarches of Gothic form. The nave is 820 feet long by 125 feet in width, with a height of seventy-five feet from the floor to the point of the arch. The central transept is 100 feet wide and seventy-five feet high, and the two end transepts eighty feet wide and seventy feet high. This building is supplied with steam power for the use of agricultural machinery. The four courts inclosed by the nave and transepts, and also the four spaces at the corners of the building, having the nave and end transepts for two of their sides, are roofed, and form valuable spaces for exhibits. The ground plan of the building is parallelogram 540 feet by 820 feet, covering about ten and onequarter acres. Sixteen foreign nations re. BUILDING. serve space in this building, and in the 147,572 square feet which remain, more than 1,000 American exhibitors are accommodated. This necessitates special buildings for the collective exhibits of their natural resources provided by the different States. In addition to the grounds within the inclosure, an eligibly located stockyard, twenty-two acres in extent, has been provided for the display of live stock, which will be exhibited in a series of shows during the month^of September, October, and No vember. Two farms, moreover, of about fifty acres each, have been suitably planted for the trials of agricultural machinery. The following are the official numbers and classes of articles on exhibition in this building t DEP1R TMENT VI.-AGRICULTURE. Classes 600-609. Agricultural and forest products. ? 610-619. Pomology?fruits from all parts of the world. 620-629. Agricultural products. 630-639. Land animals. 640-649. Marine animals, fish culture and apparatus. 650-664. Animal and vegetable products ?used as food or as materials. 665-669. Textile substances of vegetable or animal origin. 670-679. Machines, implements, and processes of manufacture. 680-689. Agricultural engineering and administration. 690-699. Tillage and general management. The articles on exhibition in this building are arranged by classes, and not by countries. All articles of the same class from all countries are together. A very interesting comparison will result, as twenty foreign countries and all of the States exhibit. Among the most extensive and interesting exhibits are the agricultural machines in ac Ehp-Ja v . . ^ ffl WMSBBBBBp* ^rt)V -^\ \ . tt 1j \ . \ IN CONGRESS. tiveoperation, comprising everything used on the farm or plantation, in tillage, harvesting, or preparation for market; manufactured foods of all kinds, and all varieties of fish, with the improved appliances for fish culture. Twenty-two acres of ground have been secured outside of, and 500 yards distant irom the principal efltrance to the main Exhibition grounds, and arranged for the convenient reception and exhibit of live stock. On this ground the following^ exhibitions will take place: PORr RD A BEAUFORT, S ^ ,"V, ~ ~ j>i w P^fv^!|fexaL - ----*' ] Sept. 1 to Sept. 15, 1876.?Horses, mules, and asses. o~~* on ?n fW K 1R7fi Hnrnpd cattle OCpU IU V Vykf Vj AVI VI v. (all varieties). I Oct. 10 to Oct. 25, 1876.?Sheep, swine, goats and dogs. Oct. 25 to Nov. 10, 1876.?Poultry of all varieties. The live stock exhibited will be of high character, the desire being to.promote improvement in breeding stock. Suitably located lands have been secured on the line of the Pennsylvania railroad, between Philadelphia and New York, and distant thirty minutes from the Exhibition grounds, for trial of machinery. Harvesting machines will be tested during June and July, 1876, and tilling machines during September and October, 1876. In the Main Building.' The official numbers and classes of articles exhibited in the Main Exhibition building are: DEPARTMENT I.?MINING AND METALLURGY. Classes 100-109. Minerals, ores, stones, mining products. 110-119. Metallurgical products. 120-129. Mining engineering. DEPARTMENT II.?MANUFACTURES. Classes 200-205. Chemical manufac-! tures. J 206-216. Ceramics, pottery, porcelain, glass. 217-227. Furniture, etc. 228-234. Yarns and woven goods of vegetable or mineral materials. 235-241. Woven and felted goods of wool, etc. 242-249. Silk and silk fabrics. 250-257. Clothing, jewelry, etc. 258-264. Paper, blank books, stationery. 265-271. Weapons, etc. 272-279. Medicine, surgery, prothesis. j t* > 111111 i iii MAIN EXHIBIT] 280-284. Hardware, edge-tools, cutlery, and metallic products. 285-291. Fabrics of vegetable, animal, or mineral materials. 262-296. Carriages, vehicles, and accessories. DEPARTMENT m.?EDVCATION AND SCIENCE. Classes 800-309. Educational systems, methods, and libraries. 310-319. Institutions and organizations. 320-329. Scientific and philosophical instruments and Ynethods. 330-339 Engineering, architecture, maps etc. 340-349. Physical, social, and moral conditioned man. Visitors can alight and enter this building under cover, if from carriages, at the east main entrance, and from street cars, at the south main entrance. The building stands nearly due east and west. From the <??? ? 11 liolnnnioc 1 n tVio fnnr ppnfrfll tnWPfS nuiaii vaiwuivo iu mv ivmi ? j the visitor can obtain excellent views of the whole interior of this building. The contries exhibiting are located geographically in sections, running crosswise of the building from north to south. The foreign commissioners have ollices adjacent to the exhibits of their respective countries. The Centennial executive ollices .'ill be found on tbe second floor at the north side of this building. As the visitor must trawr-e both sides of each avenue to see the exhibits in this building, a distance of about eleven miles must be accomplished. Visitors to Philadelphia. The hotel capacity of Philadelphia is below tbe requirements for the year 187(5. Though accommodations have been rapidly increased by the erection of new lrotels and the extension of older ones, there is still a deficiency, to meet which the Centennial lodging house agency has been organized. This is an association composed of railway men, who early saw the necessity of bringing private dwellings and boarding houses under sotne comprehensive system, whereby they could be utilized by strangers unable to find hotel accommodations. This association has contracted with householders for their best spare rooms, and have secured daily accommodations for nearly forty thousand persons in rooms furnished eqital to those oi any hotel in the city, with two meals of superior rudity, at daily prices of about one-halt those charged by hotels. Tic plan of operations is as follows: Coupjns are placed on sale at all the prin r ro" lND ( . C., THURSDAY, bird's eye view op the grounds. cipal railway offices in America and Canada where excursion tickets are sold to Philadelphia, while likecoupons are sold in Europe. Each coupon provides for one full day's accommodation, which day is to consist of* a breakfast, with meat or ham and eggs, tea or coffee, two kinds of vegetables, etc.; supper (or dinner) fa substantial as the breakfast ; and lodgings, in rooms well furnished and with clean bedding (the same linen never being used by different persons); parlor or sitting-rooms for use of guests, closets, etc., and in most cases bath-rooms; all without additional cost?the respectability of the houses in all cases being vouched for. A visitor to Philadelphia can purchase coupons for one day or one hundred days. Previous to his arrival in the city, he is met on the train (no matter by what road he may come) by a messenger of the association, who will locate him in one of the rooms, and give him a card showing exactly how to reach it, and have his baggage forwarded to him in the shortest possible time, either by street car or by special conveyance. The coupons will be accepted by the proprietor of the house in payment for his accommodations, and unused Coupons will be redeemed at the central office of the agency? . - ' Programme of Events. THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. Receotion of articles commenced Janu ary 5. Unoccupied space was forfeited April 26. Main Exhibition opened May 10. Grand ceremonies on Exhibition grounds, July 4. Trials of harvesting machines, June and July. Trials of steam plows and tillage implements September and October. Exhibit of horses, mules, and asses, September 1 to September 15. [ON BUILDING. Exhibit of horned cattle, September 20 [ to October 5. Exhibit of sheep, swine, goats, and dogs, ! October 10 to October 25. Exhibit of poultry, October 28 to Xovewj ber 10. Main Exhibition closes November 10. j Exhibits must be removed by December 31. SOCIETY MELTINGS. PARADES, REG ATT AS,ETC. | I Knights Templar (Masons), grand parade, June 1. Order of Good Templars, special gather! ing, June 13. (Kow York Har-1 1 IIIICI IKUiVMiUl \ "" - i bor), June 22. j Yacht regatta, Delaware river, in June. Sons of Temperance, special gathering, June. International series of cricket matches, June and September. Congress of authors in Independence Hall, July 2. Parade of Irish societies (dedication of I fountain), July 4. Parade of military organizations, Timy 4. I United American Mechanics, parade July 8. Knights of Pythias, parade, August 22. International rowing regatta, August 20 to September 15.International rifle matches, in September j International medical congress, Septem-1 ber 4. Independent Order of Odd Fellows, pa- J rade, September 20. From the East Ind.'as. The exhibit of India goods in the Main J building is of much interest to Americans. | The greater portion is sent from the India i museum of London. There are specimens of; the food and other products of India, showing everything that the natives eat, wear and use. There are dyes and silks in every possible form?raw, floss, cocoon, spun, woven, dyed, etc.?and wild silks. These specimens are carefully arranged in cases, with neat labels, showing whence they came. There are also cases containing native Indian arms, pottery, metal ware (some of it of great costliness), lacquered work, boxes made of porcupine quills, sandal wood, etc. An ! assortment of native fans are exhibited, also inlaid ivory and native stone work. There are specimens of the Hindoo antiquities from Amaravati; also textile fabrics in silk ;.nd cotton, unique drawings in mica and embroidered work from Delhi. There is a 3T-A.L JOMk JUNE 8, 1876. ' - A x 25sb%; 1 cafe of jewelry from Bombay, a case of magnificent India shawls, an exhibit of Indian i i e f ] ~~ carpets ana aiso nne specimens 01 iace worked by the native ladies. ??????????????? # A Representation of Wealth. Queensland, the most northern colony of that immense island known as Australia, is represented at the Centennial in a specially interesting manner. A gallery is titted up with contributions so arranged as to give a more intelligent idea of that far-off land than could possibly be gained in any other way. The Australian provinces, six in number, form a national group, and though an apendage of the British crown, they give evidences of remarkable thrift and energy. Among other things there is a large obelisk, twenty-two feet nine inches in height, three feet three inches at the base, and eighteen inches at the apex, which is to represent the amount of gold which has been taken out of Queensland since the precious metal was discovered in 1S68, at Gympie, in the central districts. The obelisk is covered with burnished gold, and represents a mass of | gold sixty tons in weight, which has netted to the colony .?7,000,000, sterling. Around t the base of the column are rich specimens of gold quartz. Close to this obelisk there | is erected a pyramid of Australian tin, in ingots, twelve feet in height, and weighing seven tons. Closed on Sunday. At a meeting of the Centennial commie, sioners a vote was taken on the question. " Shall the Exhibition be open on Sunday ?" resulting as follows, the vote being taken by States: Yeas?Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, South Carolina and Washington Ter UNITED STATES sGOt tion of Professor S. F. Baird, and covers about 15,000 feet of floor space. MINERAL COLLECTION. This collection, to illustrate the mineral resources of the United States, is under the direction of Professor Wm. P. Blake. The principal objects of this collection of the useful lires and minerals of the country are to illustrate? 1st. The nature and variety of the.'fmin-. eral resources of the United States; ntory. .Nays?Arizona, Connecticut, Dakota, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Nebraska, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. A motion, then made by Mr. Latrobe find.), to open the grounds free to all on Sundays, but to close all the buildings, including the restaurants, was carried. So that while the buildings will be closed 04 Sunday, the grounds will be open to the public. Liberty Bell. The famous Liberty Bell was originally cast in England, in 1751. It contains the following inscription: " By order of the Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania, for the State House in LUBKKTY HJSLilj. ?? the city of Philadelphia, 1752." Also : " Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, and unto all the inhabitants thereof." Before the bell was properly hung, it was cracked by a stroke of the clapper, and was recast in this country. It was finished and hung in June, 1753. In 1777, at the time the American forces were compelled to evacuate Philadelphia, this bell, together with Christ church chimes, was removed to Allentown, to prevent them being .melted into cannon by the English ; at the close of the war it was returned to Philadelphia and continued in constant use until 1828, when it was replaced by the present bell. The old bell now hangs in the old State house in Philadelphia. Who Shall Take the Palm ? It is hard to tell what nation makes the best show at the Exhibition. Egypt displays her antiquities of the Pharaohs, her wonderful collection from among the savage tribes of interior Soudan, and her artistic furniture of rare wood, inlaid with ebony, ivory and silver, executed in the ancient Arabic style, and people think that nothing in the Main building excels that. Little Holland seta up email but strong and perfect models of her far-famed dykes, and of all the noted public works within her terri LEKUl $2.00 per A torv, displays great squares of _ carpet, | rivaling that of Brussels in quality, and erects the prettiest commission office in the I Main building. Brazil puts up a dazzling , $30,000 pavilion, suggesting the Alhanibra j style of architecture. The United States; makes the grandest display of granite i work, in the shape of half a dozen immense . sarcophagi, one of them surniounted by a [ female statue, finely chiseled out of a solid j mass of granite. Chili builds the most j picturesque pagoda and Spain the most im- I posing and tasteful pavilion. China and Japan contend with each other in striving to present the best specimen of bamboo architecture, and to paint on their commissioners' offices, of the tea-caddie style, the ugliest old" grannies with bald pates, expressionless almond eyes and queues that many a cabbie Jehu sighs for as ne looks at his wornout whip. England carries off the palm in pottery; Germany in showcases, toys and fancy articles; France stands alone in the matter of wines, fine groceries and notions in the clothing line; Sweden defies competition in exhibiting the perfection attainable by the carpenters art, and Belgium lakes priile in the representation, in carved wood, of Scriptural and other religious subjects, one of its cabinets having a series of niches extending around it and containing groups of wooden statuary representing the marriage of Joseph and Mary, the annunciation, Mary's visit to her cousin, St. Elizabeth, the flight into Egypt, etc. A Norway iron firm, instead of heaping up their plates and bars of wrought iron in an unattractive pile, have constructed of it a complete model of a Norwegian fishing boat; even the ratlines are of wrought iron, the metal composing the cross-lines or footholds being knotted as neatly as though the latter were made of hemp. In the display of iron manufactures both Norway and Sweden stand very high. ^ The section of the former is enlivened dy wen execaiea paintings of picturesque i cenery in that romantic country. Among these are representations of Christiana, Oskarshal and Bergen. Women's Pavilion. Mrs. E. D. Gillespie, chairman of the Women's Centennial committee, gives the following information concerning women's work in connection with the Centennial Exhibition: " Eight thousand one hundred and seventy shares of stock in the Centennial <Sb,?t +. aJyH?b*4 women's were subscribed through their organization, I thus securing the sum of $81,700. Besides this amount $8,600.87 have been contributed as a free gift to the general purposes of the Exhibition. $3,620 have been paid by the women's organization to the treasurers 01 the board of finance on account of the sales of medals. This brings the contributions jrom the women of the country to the general exhibition to $93,980.87. $33,000 were contributed for the building of the Women's department. The building covers an area of 30,000 J square feet; it exhibits a nave and transept, each 192 feet long and sixty-four feet wide, terminating in porches eight by thirty-two feet. Four pavilions, each forty-eight feet square, occupy the angles formed by the na?^?nd transept. The center of the structure rises twenty-five feet above the exterior portions, and terminates with a cupola and lantern, ninety feet from the ground. The entire superstructure rests on the exterior walls and four interior supporting columns. The material is of wood, loofed over by segmental trusses. It contains in addition to space for exhibits, toilet and reception rooms. In it only articles the result of women's labor are exhibited. The whole amount necessary for the erection of the pavilion, $30,000, was raised, and also about $10,000 for interior decorations. This portion of the Exhibition proves a most interesting and beneficial feature of the great American Centennial celebration. The U. S. Government Building. That portion of the United States government building assigned to the Smithsonian Institution is occupied by a collection illustrating our food nshes by a collection of _A?J ? * ?? MAmA on/) fllr.Vuiflr siuneu specimens ui me gawi. ing animals, and of useful animal products, and by a collection to illustrate the extent and variety of ihe useful mineral products of the county. The fishery collection and the animal collection are upon a large scale, under the immediate direc v ' * ? \ AL. . \ ftf. * ?? * Ui nnnm. Me Con? 5 Cent*. UUIUUi Q-- --MS - 2d. The geograpMcal distribution and geological associations of the^e resources; 3d. The extent to which they have been utilized; 4th. The mechanical, metallurgical, and chemical processes by which they are extracted or converted into useful products; 5th. The inherent and comparative qualities of the extractive products viewed as materials rather than as manufactures. It includes a systematic display of the various ores and minerals under the following eleven distinct groups: 1. Systematic collections, chiefly scientific and educational. 2. Fuels and petroleum. 3. Ores, metals, and their immediate derivatives. 4. Ornamental stones and gems. 5. Building stones, marble, etc. 6. Artificial stones, lime, mortars, cement. 7. Fictile materials and direct products. 8. Pigments, colors, detergents. 9. Grinding, abrading, and polishing substances. 10. Fertilizing sulistances. - * 11. Sulphur, salt*, and minerals chiefly used in chemical manufactures. mf It is made up not only of selections from I lie rsationai Museum, ai n atnun^wu, wv of newly made contributions for the special purpose of the Exhibition, and besides. systematic display of specimens, some Wnat uniform in size, there is a geographical grouping by States x) more fully show the extent and distribution of our iron, coal, gold, silver, and other minerals. Groat Britain's Display. > It is evident that no foreign nation has shown so great a patriotic intermt in the Centennial Exhibition as Great Britain. Certainly none makes more determine^ efforts to have a thoroughly representative exhibit. England is surpasnng herself in the 'character of the goods she has sent for dieplay. Her exhibit, though 'not so large, is much, finer than she has ever before made at any world's fair. It has been collected and examined with the utmost care, and for thoroughness an l excellence is a magt nificent industrial triumph. In the Main building nearly one^uarter of the entire floor space is assigned to Great ' Britain and her colonies?Great Britain having 51,776.3 square feet Canada 24,070.8, and Australasia, India and other Hrt m . :Ttf P.O 1.1 PAVILION. ( * yt Ail**) ySl colonies 24,070.8. The British section extends from the central transept of the Main building nearly to the west wall of the building, Italy, Norway and Swede:? occupying between them about 30,000 square feef to the west. , In the departments of watches, clocks, scientific, surgical and mathematical instruments, and in carpets, fire grates, furniture and stationery, the displays are gggd, as also in upholstery, glasswa?, stores, silverware, woolens, cottons, linens, artists' materials, threads, yarns, poplins, Imp, hosiery, gloves, jewelry, musical instruments, and leather work. Texile fabrics especially are completely represented. In ironware, China and metal generally, the display is excellent. j Accommodations at Philadelphia J The enterprise arid energy of the average American nas never been more clearly shown than in the investment in hotel accommodation in Philadelphia by capitalists and speculators. The result of all this will be for the benefit of the traveling public; in addition to the well' established hotels, the various new edifices erected In different parts of the city have accommodation# for 25,000 visitors, and the charges will vssy from $2.00 to $5.00 per day. Lodgings, can 1 be had in good localities for $6.00 per week and good board at restaurants for $1.36 per 1 day. A week's ex]>cnses to a single person < inclined to live economically in Pjnlar : delphia need not exceed the following; * Lodgings 600 Meals at Beataurant HWW Admission to Exh bition ..-.w. $GO Car Fare ,150 Amusements ...Vtvrrr 300 Sundries ?v; 2.00 <c*; 555 Or $25.00 in round numbers. A New England Farmhouse. ; On the Centennial grounds has beat ? *? c ,xu*. imcjt* EBBMENT BUlLDIIvG. * ' 04*. > * . I ' - -.-.? ' erected a New England farmhouse of 17?6, in which the kitchen of that day and sttle is represented. The table is covered *ith hand-spun damask made ifelhst day,and the old pewter platter shines fprth once more from its obscu rity. AnciuitjWniture, labeled in English, French and (Jerm^n, " placed in the home, and ladies attired Ma the costume of ih;:t period {five cxj iana* I tions in theseJangu ices, aud serve a limited^ V number of guests with homely fafe/jMiQL