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ar ... v*'"v'- pi: f . . iL . . _ * | - ? ?? ?? I I I.U " LIBERTY AND MY NATIVE SOU.." VOLUME IV. -? ? NTJMBEU 28. ;;j ABBEVILLE C. II., S. C., SEPT. 8. 1847. ; -S v i ytl' * ' ' Published every Wednesday Moraine by CHARLES H. ALLEN, EDITOR.AND PROPRIETOR. ONE DOLLAR AND FIFTY CENTS if paid . " within three months from the time of subscribing, or TWO DOLLARS if paid within six months, and TWvO DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS if not paid until tlio. end of the year. No subscription received for less than six months; and no paper discontinued until all arrearages are paid. Subscriptions Will bo continued unless notice bo given j otherwise, previous to the closo of volume. No paper will be sent out of the State unless paymont is made in advanco. ADVERTISEMENTS, inserted at 75 cts. per square of twelvo lines for the first insertion ; and, 371-52 ctn. for each continuance. Those not having the dc6irod number of insertions marked upon them, will be continued until ordered out and charged accordingly. \ ESTRAYS, Tolled TWO DOLLARS,Ho bo paid by the Magistrate. For announcing a Candidate TWO DOLLARS, in advance. The Postage must bo paid upon all letters and communications to secure attention. (WRITTEN FOR THE ABBEVILI.E BAN NEK.) GEOLOGY, NO. 9. !& ' . . This being our last article upon the subV ^ . ject of Geology, we will appropriate it in making a few remarks on Artesian Wells. v The name comes from Aiitois, a province "f . in France, where considerable attention has - - . < ' i been given to this means of obtaining pure . water. There are many sections of country where pure spring, or well water, cannot be obtained by the ordinary processes of dig* ging, &c. This is true in regard to some sections of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and even to the " low country" of our own State. Even in Charleston, the metropolis of the State, leal rain water, constitutes the purest, and best that can be obtained. Recently the city council have resolved on making another effort to construct an Artesian well;?they have already bored seveiv al hundred feet, and may have to boi | oUUj or a l.tJUU leet, nelore lliey obtained pure up country water. How do they cxpect to procure this kind of water;-?up country water in Charleston ? By referring to our first article, it will be seen that we stated that the crust of the earth was made up of concentric strata of rock, arranged like the layers of an Onion, and by referring to our seventh, it will therp be seen that we"stated, that from some internal secondary cause, mountains had been thrown up, producing great derangement in theorigi nal formation. This id the case in the mountainous region of this State. Notwithstanding the derangements, however, it is supposed- that the different strata of n . rock present an unbroken formation, from ) the mountains, through the low country to Charleston, and that they there dip under the Ocean. The supposition is, that large quantities of water is to be found between . .. these strata, and that, that water is necessa: rily derived from the up country. In the t annexed wodd cut, we have attempted to L show the relative situation of three of these Y strata, represented by lt 2, and : ' . ' * . M : >- " 4 ?* . mm - - . ? 1 ? ? it will spout'up from 10, to 20,"or 30, feet above the surface of the earth, and as the auger with which they bore has a diameter of 8 inches, Charleston will thus be snpplied with pure viffunia,inou\ water, In sufficient quantitiea^br the consumption of tho. whole city. As a matter of course, there are extensive i nf'nrtvlVi lirinnr ilnnn tho tlr-it-i In wlii.tK we have referred, which is represented by the curved dotted line immediately over the strata. Sciextia. Facts about Digestion.?The Hartford Review gives some fuels in reference tothe nutritive and digestive qualities of various articles of food, which may be of interest to some of our readers. The Review says:? Wheat is the most nutritious of all substances except oil ; containing ninety-five parts of nutriment to five of waste matter. Dry peas, nuts, and barley, are nearly as nutritious as wheat. Garden vegetables stand lowest on the list, inasmuch as Ihey contain, when fresh, a large portion of water. The quantity of waste matter is more than eighttenths of the whole. Only one-fortieth of a cucumber is capable of being converted into nutriment. The nutritious parts of the different meats varies from one-fifth to oneeighth of the whole. Veal is the most nutritious ; mutton next; then chichen ; then beef; last pork. Fruits vary between two and three-tenths of nutritious matter, and the order is as follows, the most nutritious UVIII?? JJIU^UU IIISl. A" 1U IMS, ilJjrit'U'.H, cherries, peaches, gooseberries, apples, strawberries, melons. Milk contains less than one-tenth of nutritious matter, as it is mainly composed of water. Of all the articles of food, boiled rice is digested in the shortest time?an hour.? ! As it al3o contains eight-tenths of nutritious matter, it is also a valuable substance of diet. Tripe and pig's feet, (strange to tell) are ! digested almost as rapidly. Apples, if I sweet and rippe, nro. next in older. Veni /son is digested almost as soon as apples.? /Roasted polatt.es are digested in half the [ time required b}r the same vegetables boiled, which occupy three hours and a half?more than beef or mutton. Bread occupies three hours and a quarter. Stewed oysters and boiled eggs are digested in three hours arid a half?an hour more than is required by the same article raw. Turkey and goose are converted in two hours and a half?an hour and a half sooner than chicken.? Roasted veal, pork and salted beef, occupy five hours and a half?the longest of all ar-' tides of food. Tomatoes for Cows.?It is net gercrally known that this vegetable is a superior article of food for milch cows. We have tried it two summers, and find it decidedly superior to any other vegetable we have yet tried. They add greatly to the quality, as to the richness of the milk, and% give a rich golden color to the cream and butter, which is at least pleasant to the eye, even if the flavor is not improved. We do nnt Irnnw. linwpvftr. that thfiv imnnrt nnv T : 7 ? ?j i? j richer flavor to the butter. We have known, a cow to refuse them when first "offered, but soon became very fond _ef them ; others, we believe a large majority eat them greedily from the first. Thus far we have fed them only in the raw state, but if boiled with corn meal, say half and half,, or two-thirds tomatoes, they will doubtless be far better. To on? whom has a dairy farm, the cultivation of an acre or two in tomatoes, would be repaid by a greater pront than any vegetable we. know. From an acre not less than eight bushels might be gathered daily, from July until frost. There is some trouble in picking th m,' but then nearly every farmer has cbildfen ; his little boys?aye, and big boys too, would not be the worse of little work. Wo should be glad to see tlie experiment tried on a larger scale than IHtrijt and to learn the result. South Carolina Temperance Advocate. - -Stubblb-^Lakds.?-Mowing lands from whichheavjfefttodexuberent crops of hay .1 . ?;? - . j nave uocu iciuuvouj uruinaniy proquce an after.motb, or "second in its decomposed state; is capacified "to supply a most excellent manure. It has been calculated that a staute acre of well" set" swarth land, provided the soil be ordinarily fertile, contains from thirty to forty^tons 01 soluble maue^il. or^ rrmy be^ ih autumn by the car^M inversion of tfc? sod, and protected from the wastage of th? desirable end. I have known some few instances in which the turning in of green crops, as a means of providing pabulum for a crop of grain, has proved wholly unsuccessful. Iii one instance a field of some halt"a dozen acres was sown in oats; the growth was heavy and so far as the crop was concerned there was every prospect o( complete success ; but th<* field was plowed just as the grain was passing from the state of nrnnnnnot t? ' * ^ivviimoo 11/ iii.iiuiuj, uiiu mu soii was in no way benefitted but rather injured thereby. agricola. Germantown Telegraph. t Improved Candle Wicks. An improved candle may be made by steeping cotton wicks in lime-water in which a considerable quantity of saltpetre (nitre) has been dissolved. By this means is obtained a pure flame and a superior light; a more perfect combustion is insured; snuffing is rendered nearly superfluous as in wax lisrhts : and the candles thus marie rln not run nor waste. The wicks should be thoroughly dry before they arc covered with tallow, otherwise they will not burn with a uniform and clear light. Corn and Corn-Meal Cooked.?There can be no safer position assumed, in agricnltural economy, than that there is most important saving effected by cooking food. Science has long since demonstrated the fact, that quantity as well as quality, is highly essential to the preservation of health, hence the corrollary is irresistible, we think, that both corn and meal, of whatever description, as well as oats, barley ai>> every _.i -C : - .1 umui spucie 01 grain, is-greatly increased in value by cooking, when used as a food lor stock. This will be more manifest, admitting the first position to be correct, when we state the obvious and well known fact, that corn, by boiling, is increased two hundred per cent, in bulk?corn-meal three hundred per cent?that is, to be more explicit, a bushel of northern corn, after being steamed or boiled, will measure three bushels. A bushel of corn-meal absorbs in the process of cooking-, or rather requires for the accomplishment of that object, nearly five bushels of water?enough of the liquid being taken in or absorbed, to increase in its bulk from one bushel to four-and a half.? Every pound of meal, therefore, will make four and a half pounds of mush. These facts, we think, should go far towards aiding the introduction of cooking food as a common practice ; as they.certainly exhibit its advantages in strong light. Maine Cultivator. JUDGE MAGRAW'S YARN. I About a Mocking JSird awl a Jackass. Judge Magraxv. and the sad end he came l to, will be remembered by many ! When t sometime back, he was in the habit of visit| ing St. Louis, his favorite house was the I " Planters," and his favorite seat, especially in the evenings, was either of the two front benches. Judge Magraw was the body of fun and the soul of sentiment; so, of course, he always had a hard set about him, and the wtiy incy uacu id siuy uui, ui mgiii, selling1 with their legs cocked up, was a caution to careful people. On the Judge's last visit to St. Louis, he sat up as usual, one night, telling stories and things, till neat-ly the whole crowd died, laughing ! Each one, as he was killed, took liimeelf off to be buried, till, finally, there were but three survivors ! These, to save their lives, insisted upon taking themselves off, also, when the Judge., desperately rush ed up stairs to his room in the third story, opened the window to its widest gape, gave one look up at the heavens, another down at the brick pavement and then without a prayer, threw himself?r- on the bed,? for.it was a warm night, and the Judge wanted plenty of air to assist his snoring. Well, the Judge's last "story was a capital one, and, peace to his spirit, we're going to?spoil it, we fear. " You see, R , a clever young fel-^ low, was giving his reminiscences of Spain) 1 I 1 ? ^ hum itinbu luuihiy iic iiau ju?i, itjiuriiea, and he told, among the res^H* bird story, that was a 'leetie too feathery to swallow. It was about the Dute^Sf Modena having taught a whole aviary -to^w.hi81le an overture, then, by the |?jy-of ctosing the peV^nce, advanr cing and firing a pistol, when tfi^ongsters wouM suddenly drop to tho gr<fSfctd, turn overmjtheir backs, and appear ^.expire, as iffjBfoh one had receivedrtthffiRp'eci al I, "R /vMnoih. 1- ' ' J h/^rfi*h(Yt'tu0^ *??^- ,V vV'Vv'va"'' ' "V ~SZ:- ' *& $$?$?'!' J/l - ' ' :--J ' :! \ > a quit, in mortification. The cats were its next victims, and I wish I may be shot, if there was a "Tom" to open his lips for three miles round. Dogs, Hogs and cattle generally followed, ana even Deacon Good, that used to give out the hyvies, had to clear out to thejnext county. Well, finally thnre was nothing left but a jackass belonging to an old neighbor, and called Johenus, and he came to see what he could do for the credit of the county. Up he came to the fence un-, der the China tree, and first he takes a good long breath, and out he rips, and abetter bray, prchaps, had'nt been heard often, but I iwusiim circumstance?out came the bird with a bray worth two of it, and off went | old Jo., wild and cavortin', and hardly | knowing- whether he had a right to considI er himself a jack or not 1 After a while, however, he recovered his confidence somewhat, and up he comes again to the fenco, and first he nerves himself,and next he takes his wind, and finnllv out he eomos no-ain w ? _0 perfectly awful; but 'twouldn't do, for, just as easy, old birdee opens on him, and, Lord! heels, head, mane, and tail, away he went with a roll and a 'ruction, bringing up, finally, against the road fence at the bottom of the lawn." Perhaps you don't believe ? Well, this was mighty bad, but after turning it over in his mind a good while, old Jo., , thought it was a leetle too d 11 unjackassical to be beat by a bird and so up he comes, nerving himself again, but mighty skerr\\ I tell VOll. " Go vnnr rlontK nlrl fel ? / * - - J .w ler," said the bird to itself, and go it the jaclc did, till all creation stood on end?jacJ^in the bargain, but pride couldn't avail him. Out came birdee, louder and longer, and thicker and squarer, and all without the first flutter, and Joheuus looked up once, with a sort of t41 bequeath you my shoes" expression, and just laid down and died? perhaps you don'I believe it? "* ics, i ao, saiu K 41 believe a to be a lie, and an infernal insult into the bargain, and I'll come mocking bird over you, by thunder 1'" But how Judge Magraw dvlrCt get whipped, we must reserve, for another occasion, notliking.to talk abouU^Eghting on Sunday. A THRILLING SKETCH. An iilvsniniia in TTnim??** uu uuiuiiuiu lu juuugai) FROM T1IE GERMAN. On the third day after his departure from Vienna, a horse dealer alighted at an inn, situated at the entrance of a little town, which, to all appearance, was respectable and quiet. He recommended his horses to the care of the landlord, dried his clothes at the fire, and, as soon, as supper was ready, sat down at the table, with the host and his family, who appeared to be decent people. During supper, the traveller was askp.d where he came from, and on his answering from Vienna, they were ail anxious to hear some news from the capital. The horsedealer told them all he knew.- The landlord then asked him what business hah taken him to Vienna, to which he replied that he had been there to sell some of the very finest horses that had ever appeared in the market there. At these words, the landlord looked very significantly at the young man who sat opposite him, and who appeared to be his son. His expressive glance did not escape the observation of the .traveller, who, however, took no notice of it; yet he very soori afterwards had cause to regret his want of caution. Being in want of repose, he begged the landlord, as soon as supper was finished, to .show him to his room. The landlord took a lamp, and conducted the travek ler across the-yard, into a detached buifding, which 'contained two tolerably *ne^ rooms/ A Ded was prepared at the farther* end of the second. As soon &8 the host hadretired, the travler having undressed himself, unbuckledia money belt'containing a considerable sum /? i * ? i* . * .% - * * - oi goia. ana took out ms pocket book, which was. fun of Austrian bank notes. Having convinced himself that his money Jwas right, he placed,both under his pillow, extinguished the light, and soon fell asleep, thanking God and all the saints for the success of his journey. He had slept but an hour or two when he was suddenly awa-, kened by the opening of the window, and immediately felt the 'night air blow tjpon him. ; Startled at this unforeseen circumstance, the travieUer raised himself up in bed, and perceived the head and shoulders of a man,, who was struggling to gBt into the room ; at the^ same time, he heard the voices of seV vera! beraoris who Wtfrestahdincr uniArthiv over, gave him little hope, for he had proba. bly got intoxicated in order to summon up courage for the contemplated crime?besides this, the traveller had heard the voices of persons outside, so that the mur cterer, in case ot resistance, could count i upon the assistance of his comrades. But how great was his astonishment when he saw the unknown personlErow * his coat on the floor, and stretch himself upon the bed he had just quit! A few moments afterwards he heard the intruder snore, and his terror gradually gave way to reflection, although the whole affair was quite incomprehensible to him. He was just preparing to quit his hiding -.1? ?? " i picn.c, in uiuur ivj uwutieii me inmaies oi the house, and ask another bed in place of that from which he had been so unceremoniously expelled, when a new incident occurred. \ if He heard the outer door carefully opened, and, on listening, the sound of cautious footsteps reached his ear. In a few mo-' ments, the door of his room opened, and two figures, those of the landlord, and his son, stood on the threshold. "Keep the lamp back!" muttered the father in a suppressed voice. ? ^ "What have we to fear?" s.iirl thr> vmir?<* man ; "we are two against one: besides he has only a small knife with him, and is sleeping soundly : hear how he snores." "Do what I tell you," said the father angrily ; "do you wish to awake him 1 would you have his cries alarmtherneig;hborhood?" The horse-dealer was horrified with tho spectacle. He remained motionless under tflfi }ipH Spfircplv dariiiiv tn krnnlUfi ? vv?j uuniig IV Ul OUkUV/i 1UO son shut the door after him, and the two wretches approached the bed on tiptoe. An instant afterwards, the bed was shook by a convulsive motion, and a stifled cry of , pain confirmed the foreboding, that the unhappy man in the bed, had had his throat cut. After a short pause of awful silence, , the landlord said: . r-\ w It is all over now: look for the money." T i "I have found it under the pillow,'?'sauKthe son ; "it is in a leathern beli and a pocket book." The murderers disappear6d. J?.xrpmr (liinnr V?qir\ re n/\tvr *V./% - - , ul| tuuig ublllg null; ,uia HUVC1" ler crept Irom undfer the'bed, jumped out of the window, and hastened to?the adjoining town to inform the authorities of what had v v happened; ' - , The mayor immediately assembled the" military, and in less than three quarters of, an hour, the inn was surrounded by soldiers who had been summoned to arrest the v murderers. The whole house seemed > buried in profound silence, but on approach-*^ ^ ing the stables they heard a ' noise. The: door was immediately broken in, and the' . landlord and* his son. were seen busily dig-^i^'.^r gingapit." As soon- ?s the .murderers saw. the horse-dealer, they uttered a .cry of horror, covered their faces with their hands, . : \ and'.fell to tlie ground. ?* vjs| This was neither from repentance nor the fear of punishment, but they ^thought they saw before them the ghost of.the.mur- , dered man, notwithstanding they heard'JBB spe&K. mere waa some trouble in [con- ~ vinci ng them to the contrary;., They';were ^ then bound, and led'to the out-house, where } i the horrible deed had,be?n committed, an xr v && ious to see how the enigina would be solved. -r..-; mi _ ?'.m * " i ne prisonere, appeared tolerably collected, at least calm and sulletf> but, when, on >. entering the room, they perceived- th? body ' which lay on the bed, 1 he son fell-senseless> to the earth, and the father threw himself' upon it, with loud lamentations* clasped .; V the bloody corpse, and'exclaimed,:despair;-; ^ ; ' 4<My son ! ok my son ! t, thy father, ani'J^p. ' / youngest son of the host; Drunkenn was the only fault this young manjhad^nd^^' this night, instead of heirtg, agr hia and brother supposed, in his own, bed, he^V^-y had gofiVout. secretly^qj>d^ rousing, with some of, his companion^Cftt .. Soon becoming suflibienW: inebril^^P^^^^ and fearing hig father's angen if he iBp^PlA hpfrttftiKim in kftt ratoto ViA i