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Jiacwwtr* jm? i !! ! in -m*! ! ? i ? i????mmmmmmmmmi_ ?? ^??m?> 1 if " LIBERTY AND MY NATIVE SOIL," j VOLUME IY. - - - ? NUMBER 26. ABBEVILLE C. II., S. C., AUGUST 25, 1847. j I Published every Wednesday Morning by CHARLES IT. ALLEN, KIHTOIt AND PllOl'IlIETOK. ONE DOLLAR ANI) FIFTY CENTS if paid within thrco moiitlis from the time oi' subscribing, or TWO DOLLARS if p:?itl within six months, and TWO DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS it not paid until the end of the year. No subscription received lor less than six months; and no paper discontinued until all arrearages are paid. Subscriptions will be continued unless notice be given otherwise, previous to ihe close of volume. No paper will be sent out of the State unless payment is made in advance. Anvi'.n'rKKMi.'MTi! : ._.i -? < jl x innui iru ill /?) CIS. JKT square of twelve lilies for tho first insertion ; and, 37 1-2 cts. for each continuance. Those not having tho desired number of insertions marked upon them, will be continued until ordered out and charged accordingly. * EST It AYS, Tolled TWO DOLLARS, to bo paid by the. Magistrate. For announcing a Car- '-'to TWO DOLLARS, in advance. The Postage must be paid upon all letters and ' communications to secure attention. _ ! (written koii the abrevii.i.e banner.) GEOLOGY, NO. 7. Wore the rocks embraced in the different clnsscs always found in the precise order in which wo have named them,there would be no difficulty whatever ; the few " fleecy clouds" that now obscure the subjcct would he driven away, and all would bo as clear as the noon-day sun. As well might a man attempt to blow out that orb, as to overthrow the theory upon which this splon lid superstructure is based. But this is not so. In some instances the order J of things is some-what subverted. As a general rule, however, the different classcs are invariably distinct?primitive, transition. and secondary countries have their definite lines of deinarkation. The confu sion arises more -from tho displacement of the rocks within ccich class, than from any derangement of the classes. For instance, sometimes wo find Granite, the first rock in order in the primitive class, on tho surface, and Granular lime rock the last rock -ofthe clas*, at the bottom, some times tho whole series of ihc rocks embraced in the class, .9r,c resting on their edges, or varying from a perpendicular to an angle of 80 defrrnni: itinn tl-wnr **nll ?.1 ! ^ v. ..-j "JV.I1 Mill |/|L'SUIH <111 <1^ C^UiCll confused mass, and again tliey will seem to dip beneath the level of the ocean itself, and then mount *'jmmeasure,ably high"' as if to vie with the very arch of Ileaven. All ofthis is accounted for on the principle of some internal secondary cause, as for instance, VQlcano.es, earthquakes and the like. Sometimes mountains have been thrown up from the " vasty deep" leaving upon the top of some of the highest in many sections of country, shells, and other marine substances imbedded in fhn rnrLrc in n r?r>rft?r.f V ??f ? state of petrifaction. The appearance of newly formed Islands, is accounted for on the same principle, with the exception of those made up of corn lines. Earthquakes, though often the result pf volcanic action, may be produced by other means. Sonr>e of the Gasses are spontaneously inflammable, whilst others require the application pf heat to inflame them? ' Phosphuretled hydrogen, is an example of * , . the first, whilst Carburettcd hydrogen, and ' - IT?J 1 - -r.i 1 . jjuic nyiLrugeiy aru u^umpics oi me last.?? These Gasses are doubtless accumulated in f great quantities in deep seated caves?the great natural cavities of the earth} and when thus collected they cither inflame spontaneously, or aie set on (ire by volcanic heat, or perhaps by a current of electric fluid, nnd the consequence is that all of the ' super-incumbent matter is set in motion with '): v'-;; a tremendous shock, and mountains, hills, '.-J.'CC'n. : / ' ' P"^; ' and Islands spring into existence in an instant. In this way whole cities are often ^ destroyed in a " moment of an hour," Is Suny one aucpucuj upop mis suujeci f man has the wisdom to generate these gasses, p ; and surely the Almighty the God of man, j$&Vv possesses at least an equal amount of wis;v dom. . Man, when he charges his Bell 'MM? ':,: glass" with these gasses has the wisdom to inflame them, and surely tl\e great God? the controller of man's wisdom, has the pow' er to dirftft a <*nrr?nt nf ftloAfno flni/1 a* n p^ttream of melted l^va in the direction of l these " pent up" gasses, and the conse\ quence is that the earth quakes under the \ dreadful explosion, and all of the direful consequences of an cavthquulcc follows in its train. Slikntia. (FOR TIIE ABBEVII.I.E BANNER.) FREEDOM! Is the boasted epithet which every body applies to every thing belonging to himself, and his, in this Republican laud of ours;! and yet, unquestionably, tnany of us, in many respects, are practically slures;?| slaves to our imaginings?slaves to our n C passions?slaves to our unholy tempers, and slaves to the iron rule, of others: and others, too, often our inferiors in everything which gives elm meter and importance to man. Bui the woivt kind of slave: y of which we can conceive, is that continual dread which haunts the minds of some men, that something dreadful or destructive will be ) sure, to happen to llieni, in consequence o( j their adopting a ccrtain course, or expressing certain opinions?however correct that course, arid those sentiments and opin- , ions may he; because, forsooth! they hap. pen not to chime in exactly willi the dictation of other*. Now, 1. should like to he informed, o! what use the right of opinion, j or the freedom of Speech, or of the Press, the boasted inheritance of the American citizen, is, or can be, to any man, unless he, sometimes, anil in regard to some things. exercise thai right. Another kind of slavery, equally as exo 1. 1 .will iiiii. il iiiui i; jmuui clliu COUtemplibli?. is thai cringing servility of spirit which manifests itself in some men, by first seeking to find out the popular current of tilings and opinions:, and then falling in with the torrent?notwithstanding it bids filir to lay waste tho landmarks of truth and justice, and the right of personal independence. We arc aware, and admit, that a decent respect for the opinions of others, is j not only proper, but indispensable in the bu sinesso! life; but yet this respect is to be j maintained, and maintained only, consist- i ently with the right of individual opinion, and individual duty. When my duty prescribes to me a certain course, no man, n<.r set of men, has the right to dictate to me another course.? Cowards frequently profess to see the right only in the way dictated to them by others, when their own sense and judgment, if) permitted to be exircised at all, as well as the nature of the case, would instantly show them, that the Truth lies in an entirely different direction. If I be a Free-man,?let me be a- Freenian ; if I have the rights of a Freeman, let me enjoy at least some of those rights. But, if I mean to be a tool for every man. or any one else, who sees fit to make use of me for a purpose, why, let me let it be known, that I may be treated, and execrated, aCCOrdinal v. " VpnnriM Qu> a-j* " PltOGRESS OF TIIE UNITED STATES. When Washington was inaugurated the first President of the United States, a population of some 3,500,000 souls then occupied thirteen States on the Atjantic coast, covering an area of some 473,900 square miles. The population of these United States has swelled to 20,000,000. They have added 814,000 square miles to their represented territory. Thev have risen to the first rank as a commercial nation, and have successfully disputed with England, the dominion of the Seas. They havu become an object of dread to the despots of Europe, and of admiration and hope to the nations of the world. Their flag is respected in all quarters of the world, and their friendship courted by all nations. They have successfully nilolln/1 f /llnimo 4/v ilvA ?-?<-????-? |7woiiv,u lllUl 1 tldllfio Ifif? A UWII1U VUtdll, and doing so, have been declared in Europe as the first nation that has " obtained from the fears of England what lier sense ofjqstice wpqld not yield." These wonderful results are, doubtless, mainly to be attributed to the virtue, energy and freedom of the people.?W. y. Sci, Amer, Moke Religious Schisms.-?It is stated that Dr. ICorlf hn? nrrl t/O/1 of WoaUirt I He is a German, and a disciple of Ronge. He has come there under the advice and counsels of Ronge. His object is to establish a sort of Catholic Church in Washingion, independent of the See of Romo, and it is the purpose of Ronge to send out a minister or two injojpreign nations generally. preaching the Catholic faith ent^ely independent of the hpa4 of the Church at ?rf . . ... r '.. ' . * * .* . V Vrom the South Carolinian. A Xul for Northern Funnlirs to Crack. riiTKii roor-n's return to slavery. Last week we had the pleasure of mcctj ing Dr. W. G. 13ennett? of JSpartanburgh, j S. C., who was returning from the North, ami had under his protection, Peter Poole, a negro man who voluntarily returned to slavery rather than enjoy freedom in New j York. Peter I'oolo was a blacksmith, who was owned by our friend, the I Ion. ! H. Thompson, Senator from Spartanburg; | and having been faithful and earned for ; his master a largo sum of money, lie was by his liberality, only nominally a slave, ami Col. Thompson paid him large wages. Under the- laws of South Carolina lie could not manumit him, and as he might j have fallen into the hands of a less liberal master in the event of Colonel Thompson's death; he gave Peter permission to depart for a '' Free Suite," and furnished him with proper papers to go wherever he choose. Some time last year he proceeded to Charleston, but could not get a passage in any ship to New York, although he was vouched for by Mr. J3omar, who resides in that city and who knew all the circinn-j stances connected with his leaving. Mr. I > ....... - r ? i uuinar wrme 10 LOkciel 1 lioinpson, who promptly forward ml to liim a proper power j of attorney, by which he cleared him at the I custom House, and he found easy transit to j New York. Peter had several hundred i dollars, the fruits ol his industry here, which j after his arrival in New York, ho deposited with Mr. Kelsey a broker in Wall Street. He set about procuring work at his trade, which ho found, difficulty in gelling.? L ie was immediately taken by the. hand by the Abolitionist.*, who promised him to buy his wife and child, who remained here.? They frequently urged him to proceed to Canada, stating they would send his wife on after him. II o wn) lc d patiently, listen-1 ing to their promises, and losing daily by lack of work, low wages, and high board, until patience itself was exhausted. In his own words "They were the best hands at talking I ever heard."?Mr. Kelsoy was his good friend, and at last gaining confidence j in Peter, proposed to give 8200 00 towards I the purchase of his wife, provided the Abo litionists who had volunteered to do so would make up the balance required; and in order to test their seeerity, went round with him to see what they intended to do. They, however, declined and gave as an excuse " that it icas against their crccd to purchase human flesh." Even charity and their boasted principles of humanity could not induce them to depart from their principles, although they had promised this honest negro to redeem his wife from slavery!!! Peter then decided to return home, nnd risk the inevitable consequence of being made a slave again. The Abolitionists endeavored to dissuade him from this, as they said " it would be against their cause" and he believes tlicy would not have allowed Kim to depart, if lie had not kept his further intentions secret. This he did and meeting with Dr. Bennett, desired to return home under his protection. Dr. Bennett lnfArmnrl 1tirv\ I I ?l?r? '1 | iiiiuiiuuu mum ui nil uic tuu?c?|ui:in;c?j uiiu I put him in possession of all the information | in his power; at the same time warning him that he would become a slave the moment' he would reach South Carolina.? With this knowledge, he determined to return, and reached here last week on his way to his master. He says " he was a siave mmy-iour years, ana a ireeman one, and decides in favor of slavery in South Carolina." lie also says, "he could not make a support for himself and wife in New York, and could not enjoy life as well there a freeman, as here a slave." "That he was in a hurry to get off home, for fear he would become as degraded as the free negroes of the North, who, lie says, "resort to roguery and drinking when they are out of employ ment." It is his opinion i( that a slave in any situation here, is better off and has cause to be happier, than a free negro in a free State ; and says " that not only the {jriflfe negroes in the vicinity of New YorlffTjut thousands of whites are worse^tflf than the slaves of South Carolina." He worked in the village of Islip, in which he said, "there lived about twQrhundred free negroes. Out of this n umber,'there.ar/a few who,are able to gajii a decent a support, but are a poverty strjeken and roguish set.'' guch is the character Qf most of the free liegroes of the Nort^. We have no comment^ to make. Thl^ atatements are taken down, from the lipsc^an honest and unsophisticated man, whose^testimony we -give for benefit of our slavHU&t home and the fanatics abroad. There arrilicKsPl^^^drk, during tho monthofJuly, 19,080 immigrants. TheN. York Herald aays ;? - The probability is, that fit lenst 400,000 immigrants will land on the shores of the U. States and British North America, during *847, r.**> ' ' ' . ' > % y j\Iu. 1Ii:ai>m:y.?The Wilmington Commercial is very severe 011 Mr. Head ley. It fst'iys. In the case of Major General llowe, of N'orth Carolina, we must protest against the ignorance, recklessness, aiul gross injustice of the writer. General Ilowe's life has not yet been written, though there are alnindant materials for a very interesting sketch. In this shoit notice of an anenm. plished statesman, and gallant soldier, the patriot and the trusted friend of Washington this author admits his ignorance ofllows's lift*, and then has the impertinence and presumption to slander the illustrious dead.? The History of North Carolina shows that 11 owe was in the contest with Great Britain, one of the earliest, steadiest and warmest friends of the Conlonies, and of American Independence. His services in the Colonial Assembly, alone, entitle him to the gratitude of posterity. He commenced his military career in 1775 hy driving fjord Duninon from Norfolk, Va., lie succeeded Gen. James Moor, of N. Carolina, as Maj. Gen. of the Southern Division of the United Colonies ; he did all at Savannah, against superior forces, that co.uld be done hy a sagacious orpm?rnl miit Krnt'n ^ ?. ?iim uiu ouiuici , in; was appointed by Washington to command YV est Point, when that fortress was the most important point, in the Union to the welfare of the army, and was only removed by the intrgues of Arnold and his friends in Congress. Howe was also selected by Washington to suppress the rebellion of the troops at Pompton, N. J. lie performed the task assigned him with so much energy and promptness, and so much to the satisfaction of the Commander-in-Chief, that when Congress was driven from Philadelphia by another mutiny he was again selected- for a Qnnilnr /In ft- Ma ? l r i.uij. nu ca^tuncuu u. mrge iortuuc in the service of his country, and this is his reward. If Mr. Headley had taken the trouble to inquire in North Carolina he would have learned much of Gen. Howe. A weli informed gentleman of Chapel Hill we are sure could have furnished him with proof of eminent merit, sufficient to satisfy the most incredulous. But Mr. Headley, we suppose, was writing for hire, and was eager to grasp his reward. ' The reputation of a Howe was was of Ititle importance to him when weighed against the speedy possession of a few dollars and cents. A PnrAcnER.?The home Journal, under the head of foreign varieties, has the subjoined curious statement relative to a preacher, who is exciting great attention in no vie o..,i ..,u~ ' ... io, iiuu ?*nu ucsci vu3 iu uc regarueu as a | martyr in the cause of truth :?4< The month of May, which, in the devotional calendar, is the month of Mary, has been signilized this year, at Paris, by evening service, with the churches brilliantly lighted, at which preached newly-arrived missionaries from all quarters of the world. One preacher, in particular, was much run after by the gay world?an emaciated, exhausted, maimed skeleton of a priest, who has been tortured in various ways by the savages to whom he carried the gospel. He preached in the Church of St, Yrincent-de-Paul, and, at his rising in the pulpit, a general murmur of compassion ran through the assembly. His lace was gashed, and his head fastened to one shoulder by attempts that had been made to twist his neck. His discourse consistpd in n rpr>if:il of tvliot lm Ko/1 suffered for the Saviour. It was simply and modestly told, and produced the most thrilling effect. The lifting of his hands in prayer at the close, showed that his nails had been plucked from his fingers in torture This singular missionary has been invited to dine at the Tuilleries, and when asked by the king what could be done for him, or what he wished, his reply was, that all he desired was to be permitted to return, as soon as possible, to teach the poor savages." Downfall of the Mosques.?A short time ago the minaret of the mosciue of Sul tan Bajazet, at Constantinople was struck by lightning. The whole tower fell, and in so doing crushed two persons. Three times this year have mosques been struck by lightning in Constantinople. The same thing has occurred to the imperial residence of Tcheraghan, the gate of Adrianople, and the artillery barraks near Tera. All this has caused very great alarm among the people, who, being very superstitious, see in it the presage of misfortune for the Ottoman empire. Electro Magnetism.?One of the most important triumphs of this scienc is in the establishment of the fact, that zinc, when applied in a particular Way to the surface of iron, prevents it from rusting or decay, no rpatter how exposed. Galvanized itan is beginning to supetcedei tin-plate, slate, shin-! gle and copper for. roofing, and to be; extensively used for the protection of telegraph wife*, ' a:'.~ ? . .' : j'"' S* I The i*?I lowing lines were written some I years since by the^SlP Col. Hardin, while in Washington City, aiuPeitC'?scd in a letter to his wile. They are replelSSv&h the most touching eloquence : * ^ ^ Bury me not, when I am dead, Amidst the city's glare? Where thoughtless, careles mortals tread, And wealth and misery are wed ; Oh! blirv inn nnt tliorn Bury me not, when I'm no more, High on ix mountain bare? Where naught but eagles o'er it soar? And storms and tempests round it roar; Oh ! bury me not there. Bury me not, when I'm at rest, Where martial pennons glare? For empty show and gorgeous crest Can never soothe an icy breast; Then bury tne not there. Bury me not, when I shall sleep, IJy ocean's rocky lair ; Where winds and waves their vigils keep. And ever moans the restless deep? Oh! bury me not there. Bury me not, when I am gone, In boundless prairies, where The buried dead are left alone, Unmarked except by a cold grave stone? Oil I hnrv mn HW!. lUClf. But bury uie, when I shall die, 'Midst woods and flowers rare ; When o'er my grave the winds may sigh, The birds may sing-, and friends arc nigh, Oh I bury mo then there. Tin: Excellence of Religion.?I envy no quality of the mind, or intellect of others; not genius, power, wit or fancy; but if 1 could choose what would be most delightr?i t i i: ?? ?* uij mm i ijchihu uiusi ii^kiui 10 me, i prefer a finn religious belief to every other blessing; for it makes dicipline of goodness?creates new hopes, when earthly hopes vani.sh ; and throws over ihe decay the destruction of existence, the most gorgeous of all lights ; awakens life in deaths; and from corruption and decay, calls up beauty and divinity; makes an instrument of fortune, and of shame, the latter of ascent to paradise; and, far above all combinations of earthly hopes, calls up the most delightful visions of palms and amaranths, the garj .Til.. 1 I - - -' " nuiia ui me uiesi, me security ot everlastings jo) s, where the sensualist and sceptick only view gloom, dccay, annihilation, and despair !?Sir II. Davy. A Vicious Hokse.?Our readers will recollect the horrible circumstance near Binghampton, last spring, of a man being torn to pieces by a vicious horse. This same animal is now owned by a Mr. Thomas Caflerty, in ihe east part of this town, and on Saturday last he attacked and came near killing a boy 14 years of age, in the employ of Mr. CafFerty. While leading him through the gateway, the horse suddenly seized the boy's arm while he plied his fore feet with fearful vigor. After about fifteen minutes, the boy succeeded in loosing himself from the gripe of the horse, and crawled through a fence out of his reach.? Thence he went into the house and.alarmed the family. Mr CafTerty immediately went into thn nnsturr* fn ?n/>nro tVio .. - ?- - ?w V11V JLLUIlOU and while attempting to bridle him was himself attacked by the infuriated animal. In endeavoring to escape Mr. CafTerty fell, and the hors^ plunged over him, carrying his hat with him, which he stamped into the ground with prodigious violence.? By the time Mr. C. had regained his feet, the horse turned and again plunged at him; but by that time several of the family and others had reached the spot, and Mr. C. was rescued from his iminent danger. The linv ia hsifllv ininrpH hia <i*>m kom/? J J -"J ???? "V,?tlg mashed to a jelly, and his body much bruised by the knees and feet of the horse. It d hoped, however, that his arm w>ll bo Saved.? OswPfm Ad.vprtisrr. _ Sufferings of the Immigrants.-*-A Quebec correspondent of the Montreal Herald, writes under date of the 3rd instant as follows: " The steamship St. George has just arrived from Grosse Isle, and brings up 66 convalescent immigrants. The sickness has not abated, and the mortality is much the same, viz; between 30 and 40 perdiem. Hospital oil full. ^ I learn that 200 of the passengers <?f the Virginiua have died since her sailing, and it is said that very few of her whole nnniber upwards of 500 will recover. This -is' horrible. The sufferings and ^deaths in the slave shibsin the worst era of that trafic did not exceed