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1/ \ ^ ^ ^ / . J ''' ^ . l*rr' A ' ftl^ _JMgi ^|fl^lw]|| HHw ^ VOLUME XXIL CAMDEN, SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 1, 1861. NUMBER 1. ^ ^ ^ ,_ __ | i, i ! !! ! i in ii?juu?-m-n,-u ii imiiw^^... |^,1>,a*'l|>'wini ?* hi ii w .>ucg'.tacii rw.ttwrsapmmongimujr.i-jjaHaBaaii wwii iiibwum?? * f ' ... ? * f i r\ ^ <?.! T*. .v. l O1.1./...M !_ lOKIG-mAL. Tribute of Respect. Inasmuch as it has pleased God to take from our number our much beloved and venerable brother, Jam^s K. Douglas, who depart* fcdjthi?* life on .Tuesday, lfltl^of Kowlnbflr, 1860, in the eighty-first year of his age, it is with devout gratitude we can speak of his long life of usefulness. In the days of his Jrouth ho felt and acknowledged tho claifns of the Gospel, and-dedicated himself to the service of his blessed Master. Horn in Scotland, * it was his privilege to be trained by pious parents, who brought up their children in the nurture aud admonition of the Lord, The fire-side lessons of our excellent catechism, in. % cnlaUcd in tender years, under the paternal ^ fc>rt!i it* tVnit by the operation of the Spitit of in ft \veH-nrdcrcd iifo and a <hxlty IXavhitf left his uotivo Jar.d about the beginning of the present centurv, lie spent some time in Charleston, S. C. lie removed soon to Camden; married in 1806, to Miss Mar}- Martin. They lived together in the most happy relationship, until her removal from earth, in 1852. 'I lie first mention of his name among the members of the Presbyterian Church, Camden, is in 1810. -* In the mouth of February, 1811, he wasordained a Ruling Elder. Fioui that time, he was identified very proraineutly with the Church of God; aud, although strongly attached to that form to which he belonged, his was a spirit that could rejoice in every Christian cf fort, and was not narrowed down to mere denominational IkmhkIs, but embraced all who loved the Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity and truth. lie took an active part in educational matr * ters?for tlic advancement or science and a sound Theology. An early and strong supporter of the Theological Seminary at Columbia, in that school of the I'roplicts Jtc felt a T deep solicitude, and was permitted to see it / established on a firm basis, in the education of W . young men for the ministry, lie was ever W /' willing, by his councils and his means, to aid f S them. r / . His lioisse was al.vays open to the clcrgv / \ and a punsc ready to assist in whatever was, needed for the cause of religion. In a word, iq hhn the cause of virtue and piety ever found * friend, aiid vice and immorality a firm and decided opponent, One of the earliest friends and promoters of v fiaUuith Schools, ue took a delight in the religious instruction of the young ; was associated with the Temperance Reform, from its earliest dawn, lie also assisted in the fonnatiou KrApJitw Kiliic Of lllii a?u uvixn... ? Society?the thiid established in the State-of which he was for many years, and at the time of his dcatli, President. In him, the poor, the widow and the orphan, found a friend and M protector. Many, now holding high positions 2 m^arioos parts of the country, arc in a great * Measure-indebted to him, for his early and | strong interest in their welfare. j Blessed with a vigorous constitution, and for i many years surrounded with the enjoyments of I a largc.fcimiiy, everv cue of whotn he was pcre initted to see as' Leads of a umrcrons honsevisit" eactif" to gnS?and roeeive^hc j warm affection of a li.tlu r, whose presence was hailed with deliglit by his ardently at% tached and loving children. As a member of this session, we shall grcat|y miss his long coiinectionfwisc council, and 7 brotherly regard. For the bright example he Q has left, we would tbank God. Enabled to HllUl" iliu UMIIM-"!! <11/ IO.-I} n.1 n aj/uvn vi corn, after a few days' sickness, fully ripe and fit for die Master's use, lie was gathered home. , lie rests from his labours on earth, to enter upon that rest which remains for the people of *4 God. lie it, thenjfo:'*, Resoleed, That wo, the uiciubers of the session of the Presbyterian Church, Camden, will ever chciish a grateful recollection of the pious itr walk and godiv example of our departed brotlier, J antes 1\. Doitjdaa, who, for fifty years, B licld the office of Killing Elder in this Chinch. Resolved, That in his life we would view S the. illustration of the pow er of the Grace ot X' God, calling upon us to a renewed dedication of ourselves to the service of that blessed Mas-J. ter, as most highly approving his conduct in imitation of him, in so far as lie followed ? Christ. si Resolved, That a f opy of these proceedings B be published in the Southern Presbyterian and % Camden Journal, and entered on the rccortf ir ? book of the session. A. M. KENNEDY, Clerk. MISCELLANEOUS. THE ADDRESS TO THE SOI TU. I The Addrcsit of the People of South Carolina, Assembled fu Convention, to the People of the Slave' holding stulcii of the United L States, a. rr \ It is seventy-three years since tiie Union between the United States was made by tlie A Constitution of the United States. l>uring this time, their advance in wealth, prosperity and power, has been with scarcely a parallel in the history of the world. The great object of their Union was external defence from the aggressions of more powerful nations; which object is now attained,, from their mere pi igre-s in power. Thirty-one millions of people, with a commerce and navigation which explore creiy sea, and with agricultural productions which arc necessary to every civilized people, command the friendship of the world. But, unfortunately, our internal peace has not grown with our external prosperity. Discontent and ^ contention have moved in the bosom of the Confederacy for the last thirty-five years. During this time, South Carolina lias twice called Jier per pic together in solemn Convention, to take into consideration the aggressions and unconstitutional wrongs perpetrated by the people of the Ntftth on the people of the South. ifltlbC wt'k- B?iwninwu iv i?> uiu jh.-uj>iu j of the South, under the hope and expectation | that they would he final. But such hope and I expectation have proved to be vain. Instead j of producing forbearance, our acquiescence has j onlv instigated to new forms of aggression and outrage; and South Carolina, again assembling slf" her people in Convention, has this day dissolv? cd her connection with the States, constituting * the United States. The one great evil, from which all other ! i?r evils have flowed, is the overthrow of the Con-1 stitution of the United States. The Govern-1 nieiit of tiic United States is no longer the Go- j verninent of Confederated Jlcpuhlics, but of a \ consolidated Democracy. Jt is no longer a free j Government, but a despotism. It is, in fact, such a Government as Great Britain attempt- j cd to set over our fatliers; and which was rc- i ' sistcd and defeated by a seven years' struggle for independence. , The He volution of 1770 turned upon one j l;f- great principle, self-govcrument?and sdf-tax-. ation, tbe criterion of self-government. Where j f&r.- Jhe interests of two people united together Khan~ under one government, arc different, each must! War jls,vo the power to protect its interests by tbe j " organization of the Government, or they can not be free. The .interests of Grent Britain and the Colonies were different and antagonistic. Great Britain was desirous of carrying out the policy of all nations towards tlicir Colonies, of making them tributary to her wealth and power. She had vast and complicated relations with the whole world. Her policy towards her North American' Colonies was to identify them with her in nil these complicated relations; and to make them bear in common with the rest of the Empire, the full burden of her obligations and necessities. She had a vast public debt; she had an European policy and an Asiatic policy, which had occasioned the accumulation of her public debt; and which kept her in continual wars. The North American Colonics saw their interests, political and commercial, sacrificed by such a policy. Their interests required that they should not he identified with the burdens and wars of the mother country. They had hc-en settled under Char tcrs which gave them self-government; at least so far as their property was concerned. Thev had taxed themselves, arid had never been taxed by the Government of Great Britain. To make them a part of a consolidated Empire, the Parliament of Great Britain determined to assume the power of legislating tor the Colonies in all cases whatsoever. Our ancestors resisted the pretension. They refused to be n part of the consolidated Government of Great Britain. The Southern States now stand exactly in the same position towards the Northern States that our ancestors in the Colonics did towards Great Britain. The Northern States, having the majority in Congress, claim the same power of omnipotence in legislation as the British Parliament. "The General Welfare" is the only limit to the legislation of either; and the majority in Congress, as in the British Parliament, are the sole judges of the expediency of the legislation this "General Welfare" requires. Tints, the Government of the United States has become a consolidated Government; and the people of tiie Southern States arc compelled to meet the very despotism their fathers tlitew off i:i the Revolution of 177G. The consolidation .of the Government of i Untflin rivor \vnt 1 -i" ed to be carried out by the taxes. The British Parliament undertook to tax the Colonic, to promote British interests. Our fathers resist ed this pretension. They claimed the right of Self-taxation through, their Colonial They were not represented in the British Parliament, and, therefore, could not rightly be taxed by its legislation. The British Government, however, offered them a representation in Parliament; but it was not sufficient to enI able them to protect themselves from the majority, and they refused the otter. Between taxation without any representation, and taxation without a representation adequate to protection there was no difference. In neither ease would the Colonies tax themselves. Hence, they refused to pay .the taxes laid by the British Parliament. And so with the Southern States towards the Northern States, in the vital matter of taxation. They arc in a minority in Congress. Their representation in congress is useless 10 protect them against unjust taxation; and they Lentfit\ exactly asthepe<^lj^ A'^at Britain taxed our auecrtors ill the IhUi^iWarhuinetit for their benefit. For the last forty years, the taxes laid by the Congress of the United Stales, have becu laid with a view of subscning the interests of the North. The people of the South have beer, taxed by duties on imports, not for revenue, but for an object inconsistent with revenue?to promote, by prohibitions, Northern interests in the productions of their mines and manufactures. There is another evil, in the condition of the Southern towards the Northern States, wh cii our aucestors refused to bear towards (ircat /"in** o *i i?oet Al'c is/>f sin It* tuvnrl tlinm_ selves, but all the taxes collected from them were expended amongst tlicm. Had they submitted to the pretensions of tlic llritish Government, the taxcfeyollectcd from tliem would have been ex pond eel in otber parts of the IlritVt Empire. They were fully aware of the effect of such a policy in impoverishing the people from whom taxes arc collected, and in c?irichiug those who receive the benefit of their expenditure. To prevent the evils of such a policy, was one of the motives which drove them on to devolution. Yet this 1 trit.sli policy, has been fully realize"I towards the Southern States, by the Northern States. The people of tiie Southern States are not only taxed for the benefit of the Northern States, but after tbe taxes are collected, three-fourths of them are expended at the North. This cause, with others, connected with the operation of the General Government, has made the cities of the South provincial. Their growth is paralyzed; whilst they are mere suburbs of Northern cities. The agricultural productions of the South are the basis of the foreign commerce of the United States; yet Southern cities do not earrv it on. Our foreign trade is almost annihilated. In 1740 there wore live ship yards in f..r/Jinu t<\ liiiild shins to rariv oil our direct trade with Europe, Between 1740 awl 177!) there wore built in these yards twenty five Miiiare-rigged vessels/besides a great nuiiil>er of -sloops and sthooriers, to carry on our coast and West India trade. Iti the half century immediately preceding the Revolution, from 1725 to 1775, the population of South Carolina increased seven-fold. No man can for a moment believe that our ancestors intended to establish over their posterity exactly the same sort of government they had overthrown. The great object of the Constitution of the United States, in its internal operation, was, doubtless, to secure the great end of the Revolution?a limited free government?a government limited to those matters only which were general and common to all portions of the United States. All sectional or local interests were to be left to the States. By no other arrangement would they obtain free government, by a Constitution common to so vast a Confederacy Vet, by gradual and steady encroachments on the part of the people of the North, and acquiescence on the part of the South, the limitations in the Constitution have been swept away; and the Government of the United States has become consolidated, with a claim of limitless powers in its operations. It- is noLat all surprising, whilst such is the character of the Government of the United States, that it should assume to possess power overall the institutions of the country. The agitations on the subject of slavery an; the natural results of the consolidation of the Government. Responsibility follows power; and if the people of the North have the power by Congress "to promote the general welfare of the United States," by any means they deem expedient?why should they not assail and overthrow the institution of slavery in the.South ] They are responsible for its continuance or existanoe, in proportion to their power. A majority in Congress, according to their interested and perverted views, is omnipotent. The in duccnicnts to act upon the subject of slavery, under such circumstances, were so impcriousas to amount almost to a moral necessity. To make, however, their numerical power available to rule the Union, the North must consolidate their power. It would not be united on anv matter common to the whole Union?in other words, on any constitutional subject?for on sucli subjects divisions arc as likely to exist in the North as in the South. Slavery was strictly a sectional interest. If this could be made the criterion of the parties at the North, the North could be united in its power; and thus cam- out its measures of sectional ambition, encroachment and aggrandizement. To build up their sectional predominance in the Union, the Constitution must be first abolished by constructions; but that being done, the consolidation of the North, to rule the South, by the tariff and slavery issues, was in the ob vions course of things. The Constitution of the United States was an experiment. The experiment consisted in uniting under one Government different peoples, living in different climates, and having different pursuits of industry and institutions, it matters not how carefully the limitations of sueh a Government he laid down in the Constitution? its success must at least depend upon the good faith of the parties to the constitutional coinpact, in enforcing them. It is not in tic power of human language to exclude false inferences, constructions and perversions, in any Constitution; and when vast sectional interests arc to he subserved, involving the appropriation of countless millions ofmoney, it has not been the usual experience of mankind that words on parchments ear: arrest power. The Constitution of the United States, irrespective of the interposition of the States, rested on the as sumption that power would yield to faith? that integrity would be stronger than interest ?and that thus the limitations or the Constitution would be observed. The experiment has been fairly made. The Southern States, from the commeneemiit of the Government, have striven to keep it within the orbit prescribed bv the Constitution. The experiment has failed. The whole Constitution, by the constructions of the Northern people, lias hecii absorbed by its preamble. In their reckless lust for power, they seem unable to. comprehend that seeming paradox?that the more power is given to the General Government, the weaker it becomes. Its strength consistsin the limitation of its agency to objects of common interest to all sections. To extend the scope of its power over sectional or local interests, is to raise up against it opposition and resistance. In all siicli matters, :hc General Government must necessarily be a despotism, because ail sectional or locai interests must be ronivseiited bv a imiioritv in the conucilsof - I .< . the General Government?having no power t-j protect itself against the rule of the majority. The majority, constituted from those who do not. represent these sectional or local interests, will control and govern them. A free people cannot submit to such a government. Ami the more it enlarges the sphere of its power, the greater mast lie the dissatisfaction it must produce, and the weaker it must become. On the contrary, the more it abstains from usurped powers, and the more faithfully it adheres to the limitations of the Constitution, the stronger ti is made. The Northern people have had neither the wisdom nor the faith to perceive, that to observe the limitations of the Coustitnii.,1. u-'iu ?lio nnlr u-jiv to it* nernp.hiiff!. v,v" """ ' r-'i * . - I Under such a government there mnst, nfj i.iPi! ' gr^i'^cuoiy^rnFr. Union. Th: satlle ^LoWsness w'^Jj j)as i abolished the Coi.Mitnt'.on of lite United States, 1 will.not fail to carry out the sectional purposes ' for which it has heeii abolished. There must ' ho conflict; ami the weaker section of the ( Union can only find peace and liberty in an 1 independence of the North. The repeated ' efforts made by South Carolina, in a wise eon- 1 servatisin, to arrest the progress of the General ! Government in its fatal progress to eonsolida- 1 tiou, have been unsupported, and she has been ( denounced as faithless to the obligations of the | Constitution. I#v the very men and States who i were <lcstroving it hy tlieir usurpations. It is ; now too late, to reform or restore tlie Covevnliiei t of the ITiitod .Stales. All confidence in the North is lost liy tin* Snath. The faithlcssncss ofthe North for a half century, has opened a gulf of separation hetween the North and the South which no promises i:or eiitrageineiils can fill. It cannot he U lievcd that our ancestors would have assented to any Union whatever with the "j^plo of the North, if the feelings and opinions now existing amongst tlicia had. j existed when the Constitution was framed. There was then no Tariff-?no fanaticism concerning negroes. It was the delegates from New England who proposed, in the Convention which framed the Constitution, to the delegates from South Carolina and (Jeorgia, that if they would agree to give Congress the power of regulating commerce by n major!'#, that they would support the extension of the African Slave Trade for twenty years. African slavery exi-t'-d in all the .States hut one The idea that the Southern States woul 1 he made to pay that tribute to their Northern confederates, which they had refused to pay to Croat Itri- | tain; or that the institution of African slavery j would he mad.* tins grand hasis of a sectional I i' .1. . V 1. ....!-. !... C,.... I. ! or=a II ZUUOII Oi UIC .MJIlll 111 L111V UIU 1I1MIUI, j never crossed the imaginations of our ancestors. The Union of the Constitution was a union of shivebolding States. It rests on slavery, by prescribing a Representation in Congress, for \ three-fifths of our sinvos. There is nothing in the proceedings of the Convention which framed the Constitution, to show that the Southern States would have formed any other Union ; and still less that they would have formed a Union with more powerful non-slave- j holding States, having a majority in both branches of the Legislature ofthe Government, i They were guilty of no such folly. Time and i the progress of things have totally altered the i relations between the Northern and Southern States, since the Union was established. That identity of feelings, interests and institutions, which oneo existed, is gone. They are now divided between agricultural?and manufacturing and commercial Slates?between slaveholding and uoii-shivcholding States. Their institutions and industrial pursuits have made them totally different peoples. That equality in the Government between the two sectionsof the Union which once existed, no longer exists. We hut imitate the policy of our fathers in dissolving a union with iion-slaveliolding confederates, and seeking a confederation with slave-holding States. Experience has proved, that shiveholding States cannot be safe, in .subjection to uonslavelioh.'iug States. Indeed, no people can ever expect to preserve its rights and liberties, unless these l>e in its own custody. To plunder 1 ' ' .....I /.niuineulAti ??iti aim ?|i|irc-s, niiuic |hiuh.h.-i .,uw hi! practiced with impunity, seems to be the uutiiral older of things. The fairest portions of the world elsewhere, have been turned into wildernesses; and the most civilized and prosperous communities, have been impoverished and ruined bv anti-slavery fanaticism. The i people ol the North have not left its in doubt as to their designs and policy. United as a section in the late Presidential election, they Jiavc elected as the exponent of their policy, one who has openly declared that all the States of the United States must he made free Sin ten or xlare Stale*. It is true, that amongst those who aided in his election, there are various shades of anti-slavery hostility. Dnt if African t slavery in the Southern Stales, be the ovil their j ' political combination aflirnis it to be. the re- j l > quisitionsof an incxorabftogic, innst lead their to emancipation. If it jtfigbt, to preclude or abolish slavery in a Tef^ry,?why should it be allowed to remain in ic States? The one is not at all more nnci.^titutioiial than the other, according to the (Unions of the Supreme Court of the United Staff. And when it is considered, that the Norton States will soon have the power to make 4at Court what they please, and that the Cjgtitntion never has been any barrier whatevcrjto their exercise of power?what check cnui.e|-c be, in the unrestrained counsels of tbetforth,' to emancipation ? There issympathyV association, which carries men along withouirinciplc ; hut when there is principle?and tlejirinciplc is fortified bv long existing prcj'jiccs and feelings, association is omnipotc( in party infhienccs. in spite of ail dishonors and profes Hons, there can be but one^d by the submission of tlic Somli, to the rii: 6f ;i sectional autislavery government at ^aj-lnngtou; and that end. directly or indireotiyjmiist he?the emancipation of the slaves of tp South. The hypocrisy of thirty years?;.c faithlessness of their whole course from n* coinmenccmcrit of our union with them, s^ that the people of the non slnvclioldiug ^'ortli are not, and cannot he, safe associates# the slavohoKling South, under a common Gojdruiuent. Not on lv'their fanaticism, luit th<J??erroneous views of the principles of free goi-nmients, render it doiihtful whether, if sepnro-l from the South, tlicy can maintain a freeJLynjfneiit amongst themselves, umbers wititncm is the great clement of free governmes A majority, is infallible and omnipotent.?sThe right divine to rule in Kings," is only -fanst'erred m their majority. The very objcc^f all Constitutions, in free popular (.'overiiuictr. js t0 restrain the majority. Constitutions, t'^rcforo, according to their theory, must he ?nost unrighteous inventions, restricting liherJ None ought to exist; but the hixly polifith, ought simply t > have a political org:iiiijy?li?iy{o bring out and enforce the will of the luajfctr, 'illis. theory may be harmless in a sr.i^ coniinnnity, having an identity ol interest and pursuits; hut over a vast State?still mor? over a vast Confederacy, having various and conflicting interests and nnrsnits. it is a rci rSreeless ilesnoti.sm. In resisting it, as a]>plicab?e\> ourselves, we are vindicating the great cause -T free government, more important, perhaps, to^h,. world, than the existence of nil the Unitu States. Nor m resisting it do we intend depart I'mm the safe instrumentality, the sysgm of government we have established with them, requires. In separating from tliem, wc;>'jvade no rights? no interests of theirs. Wii violate no obligation or duly to tliem. AwMiparr-tc, independent States in Convention, wenmJ(. the (.'oustitution of the I nited States wiihViir-in; and as separate independent States, Q^h State acting for itself, we adopted it. Swtli Carolina, net ingin her sovereign capneitV'now thinks proper to secede from the -U-toh. She did not part with Iter sovereignty it: Adopting. tlic Constitution. The last tiling.^ State can be presumed to have surrendered4^ jiors sovereignty licr sovereignty is her lift; Nothing but* clear express grant can alio^tc it. Infer?1 1ms 110 piace. al! sitrp^^? nlSo^!y construction, claim tllV^^^Biiatiim of the sovereignly of the States? \\?ving abolished all barriers to their omnipotent, by their faithless i onstriietions in the operations of the General dovernniciit, it is most natural that they should still envoi* to do the same "towards us in the States. The truth is, tlieV, having violated the express provisions oi'tl e Constitution, it is at in ond as a c impact. It is morally obligatory jiily on tlioso who choose to accept its pervertI'd terms. South Carolina, deeming the compact not only violated in particular features, hut virtually abolished by her Northern confederates, withdraws herself as a party from its obligations. The right to do so is denied by Iter Northern confederates. Thcv desire to establish a sc-c:i<ji::il despotism, i.<only omnipotent ill Congress, !?ut omnipotent over the States; ami, a-.. it' to manifest I lie iin jK-rloi:? necessity of our secession, tfcoy threaten m with the sword, to coerce sabinissoii to tlicii rule. Citizens of the Slavehuhling States of tlie United Stales! t'ircmnstnuces beyond out uontiol siave placed us in tho van of the great controversy between the Northern and South ern States. We would have preferred thai other States should have assumed the position we now occupy. Independent oursc-ives, wi disclaim any design or desiro to lead the eoun sels of the other Southern States. Providence has cast our lot together, l?y extending over m an identity a>f pursuits, interests and institutions. South Carolina desires no destiny separated from yours. To he one of a great Siaveholding Confederacy, stretching its arms ovet a territory larger than any power in Eilropt possesses?witli a population four tunesgieatei than that of the whole United States whet they achieved their independence of the IJrit ish Empire ?with productions which make our existence more important to tin: world than that of any other people inhabiting it ? with common institutions to defend, and common dangers to encounter?w? ask your sympathy ami eo' feilci; '.i- a. Whilst constituting a portion of the l ulled States, it has been your statesmanship which has guided it in it; mighty strides to power and expansion, h the field, as in the calnum,ytm have led tin. way to its renown and giutideur. Von liavi loved the Union, in whose service your great statesmen have labored, and your great .-ol tilers have fought ami vomjiicred?not for tin material benefits it conferred, but with tin faith of a generous ami devoted chivalry. Yoi have long lingered ami hoped over the shatter ed remains of a broken Constitution. Com promise after compromise, formed bv voui eoneessions, has been tram pie d under foot l>\ your Northern confederates. All fraternitv o fueling hetween the North and the South ii lost, or lias been converted into hale; ami vvi of the Soutli are at last driven ^tglher by tin stern destiny which controls. (Kfc existence o nations. Your hitter experioiitt&ol" the faith lessuess and rapacity of yoTiij, Nfoflhern eon federates, may have been ncccssaiY to evolvi those great principles of free government iipm which the liberties of the worhl depeinl, and t< prepare you lor the grand mission of vindicat itig and re-establishing them. We rejoice thu other nations shutild he satisfied with tlivi institutions. Contentment is a great clcmeii of happiness with nations as with individual? ? ' ?!-i ir .1- , - w c arc saiiMRMi ilii n uitv pruivr ; system of industry in wliicli capital and laho arc in perpetual coiiliict?and chronic stnrva tion keeps down the natural increase of popu lalion?and a man is winked out in eigh years?and the law ordains that children siial he worked only ten hour.; u thtj?and th sabre and bayonet arc tluk instruments of 01 tier?be it so. It is-their aljlair, not ours. \V prefer, however, our systeMi of iiulustrv, h which labor and capital are identified in intci est, and capital, therefore, protects labor?b which our population doubles every twont years?by wbieli starvatic 1 is unknown, an abundance crowns the lain g-S' which ordu is preserved by an unpaid p^L ^aml the man fertile regions of the world, Wm/. c the Caucai ian cannot labor, are brotij^K' ito usefuliic! by the labor of the African, ami the whol i world is blessed by our productions. All we demand of other peoples is, to bo let alone, to ; work out our own high destinies. United toi gethcr, and we must be the most independent, ? as we are among the most important, of the t nations of the world. United together, and , we require no other instrument to conquer peace than our beneficent productions. United together, and we must be a great, free and prosperous people, whose renown must spread ' throughout the civilized world, and pass down, we trust, to the remotest ages. We ask you to join us in forming a Confederacy of Slaveholding States. EVACUATION OF FOKT 320ULTB13E. ' Excitement in tin: City. Major Robert Anderson, U. S. A, has acliier1 ' ?1 ii CO UtC Ullt'IIVIillMC UIMIIleuim UI ujjv.uug v.... war between American citizens by an act of gross breach of faith. lie has, under counsels of n panic, deserted his post at Fort .Moultrie, and, under false pretexts, 1ms transferred bis garrison and military stores and supplies to Fort Smnter. Throughout the day, on Wednesday, preparation^ of some unusual sort were going on about Fort .Moultrie, and it was currently reported that the women and families of the gnrlisonwere to be removed to Fort Jo! n-on, 011 James' Island. * The work of transportation began 011 Wednesday evening, and was carried on with such energy, that, under the generous confidenec reposed by the authorities of South Carolina, it was effected in the course of Wednesday night. About 8 o'clock Wednesday evening guns were heard from Fort Moultrie, and this was the first intimation to the City that anything I unusual was going on.. 'instead of proceeding to Fort Johnson, as avowed, the transports, which comprised three schooners and some barges, that had been previously engaged ostensibly for completing the defences ot Fort Moultrie, were ordered to Fort Sumter, under cover of darkness. Oil Thursday morning it was found that Fort Moultiic was dismantled, its guns all j spiked, and several guns ranging towards Fort | buiiiler completely dismounted, and their carj riages, ?fce., tuned and burned. Capt. Foster, 1 Li. 6. jiiigiiicers, who had been in charge of I the worths on Fort Sumter, was Jctt with a j small detail in Fort Moultrie. "" ? .1. ,1... i.? 1.lie S.\oitciin;.ii. miiiu .?>. j.. . 'this news created in Charleston cannot bo dc. scribed, and we cannot compose ourselves to . at cinpt the details. The bulletin boards and ' j all places of public concourse we." thronged . witn eager inquirers, and settled detormiua tion was marked on every face. As soon as the facts were reported, militaiy orders were issued to many companies, who . responded promptly, tOluUiand of Gov. I'iokcus, A steamer | ^ bear a dispatch to Major AnI fl'' i j 'n- i *' f iIT aiid Majo^^^fifflffiSffl^^^^iegiuicnt, whose ioteriifmn^^^^^BB8B^awaited by thousands. The answer of Maj. Anderson has not transpired, but we are informed on the best authority that he acknowledges the act of deserting Fort Moultrie and repairing to Fort Sumter as entirely his own, and as done without specific orders. We have other information that Major Anderson for some lime has indulged cons ant apprehensions of an unauthorized and tumultuous attack on Fort Moultrie. If lie has acted : under such misapprehensions, lie has committed the error which otlieers always commit when , they take counsel under panic. lie has virtually and grossly violated a oleum pledge given i>y Ids Chief and accepted by > douui Carolina; and be hail ail possible assu ? - i;.?. ti..? i,,? i......... ..,,.1 i IJUICU HUIIJ UUUIII vn?vu?i?? luuv J4ii- iivuw.) UIIU position, and cim\ would be respected until a proper and open declaration of war. While the enemies ut South Carolina have been falsely accusing her ot violence and precipitation, and have oucii endeavoring, by exciting rumors, to urge her or her sons to such premature demonstrations, South Carolina look her posi| lion honorably and fairly. , .Major Anderson has clandestinely taken reiuge in an unfinished fortress, and lias thus , violated the solemn pledges that assured us that ; Fort Sumter would nut be gartisoned. It is not our duty at present to estimate tiie reasons which have impelled this act, which is without precedent in tnc records ot'the United Stales Army?an army whose honor has never t suffered when in the keeping ofSoiith Carolina. Cur feelings warn us, however, to defer coini incuts and to await developments, for we could not willingly do injustice even to stfcli a foe. Soon after the steamer which bore the dis' patch tioin Cov. 1'iekeiis liad left Fort Sumter to return, the United States flag was displayed " from that fortress, and it thus became a strongJiold of defiance and insult to the State for ' -i i ... . . . I ,!i ? L\VIIOS?C IK'll'llCti It was CUIIIUII'IICUU JUKI 11 u' signed. For oilier details and incidenls connected [ with or resulting from this outrage, so far as aSlicv lias sanctioned publishing, wo refer to t ?iy'places in tliis issue. * -A <Jlturh 5'o.i (.our ifr. . ! 'ffiie Kvciil^of l'osterdny. ' Charleston was yesterday morning thrown ' into a state of the wildest excitement, by the " news that the United Status troops had been r transferred from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter. At first the living minors were so numerous ' and so contradictory ibal it was no easy matter * to get at the truth ; but in a short time the ' leading facts began to be pretty well estabiisli' ed. Jt seems that on Wednesday night, about ^ eight o'clock, .Major Anderson and his com " imiml having spiked the guns, fired the gun " carriages of Fort Moultrie, and sawed down the 1 tlagstall", evacuated the place, and took pussesI sion of Fort Sumter instead. The ladies, who * had hitherto lived in the fort, had been provi" -Ums'.y sent to Charleston, and, whatever furn.* lure, aniiiniiii'iiou nud provisions that could he v moved without exciting suspicon, "had been * (juietlv transferred to Fort Sumter. The report that the defences of Fort Moultrie had license II shamefullv mutilated, liaturallv aroused ureal r indignation in the city, i'eople iiuiuciiiatclv l* sunlit the steeples and cupolas of tliu puhlii * i buddings, nn>I tcli -copes were brought, into ae 11 live rcijiiisitioii, to gratify the general enrio.-i y " i Little, however, con hi be described beyond; 0 j dense sniokw issuing from within the ramparts ! and large gangs of men at work unloading tin l! cargos of schooners into Kurt Sumter. A I'fclEl' AT FOItr MOUI.TKIE. v At half-past two o'clock our reporter visitei v ; Sullivan's island. Quietness reigned through d j out Moultlievillc, and it was not until the for r | was reached that lie noticed any signs of ac y , tivity. Here, however, was a change. Insteai s- of a mass of smoking ruins, were the wcll-dciiuc< -s lines of the fortress, unchanged, at least in out lc ; ward appearance. Instead of utter abandon ' r r ] i mcnt 011 tliupartot the garrison, ttic somor officer of Engineers and six men maintained possession nf the stronghold. Instead of gaining lead}' admittance, a stolid sentinel barred the way, whilst a succession of carts loaded with canister and grape, cooking utensils and cooking stoves, made their devious way to the lighter in attendance, to convey the ill-assorted canro to Fort Sumter. It was easv to see that the fort had been virtually abandoned, but it was not so easy to ascertain the full extent of the damage. The barracks were still standing, though stripped of their furniture,and deserted by their tenants. In short, it was plain enough an .evacuation had taken place, and that visitors to ilajor Anderson were expected to leave? their cards at Fort Sumter. From the citizens it was gleaned that the guns had been tarred and spiked, and that the small columns of smoke rising from the interior proceeded from the burning gun carriages. One or two, more mysterious than the rest, stated, with ominous shakings of the head, that the whole of the interior of the fort had been undermined, and that it was perilous to venture within its walls. Thcj elfect of the" news^ was immediately visible in the streets of our city. The volunteers were out in full iorcc and under arms. The Cadet Riflemen and the Palmetto Guard, with a detachment of the City Police, were detailed to take charge of the Arsenal, and a line of patrols was established around the walls. THE OCCUPATION" OF CASTLE P1NCKXEY. The Rifle Battalion, under commaud of Col. J. J. Pettigrmv, assembled promptly upon tlie Citadel Green. They were substantially equipped iu winter uniform, with blankets, knapsacks and revolvers. The battalion numbered some 150 men, and consisted of detachments from tlie Meagher Guards, the Carolina Light Infantry and the Washington Light Infantry. Shortly after four o'clock the word was given, and the companies advanced in double quick time, without music, towards the Cooper lliver. None of them, we believe, excepting the ofti ccrs. were aware of their destination. They embarked on the steamer JYlna, which immediately headed for Castle Pinckncy, and the surmise soon became confirmed that the destination of the command was to take possession of that fortress. On Hearing the fort, a number of men were observed on the wharf, one of whom, in advance of the others, was observed holding what appeared to be a paper in bis band. This was said to have been tlie Kiot Act. As soon as tlie Nina touched the wharf, the storming party who had been detailed for that duty, sprung ashore^ and rushed round 1o ! the rear of tlie foi l less, where the gate is situated. This was found closed, and a cry for storming ladders was soon answered by a detachment bearingu dozen or mora of them.? These were iusUflitly planted, and under cover of the rides of the battalion, the walls were cscaladed and the gates thiown open. I /-. ? u ...... v. 1 i.? ?... WI1 CIHCi'I ig UIO lUll JL >HI3 IUUIIU IV UV llilr ar.teil onlv by an olKcer of Engineers and a small party of laborers?none of whom made any resistance, The Engineer ollieer was iudirection in which be steered,'it is supposed that ho went to Fort Moultrie. The liag of tlio uVim/, consisting of a white I star on a red ground, was then hoisted amid j loud cheers; and when our reporter left, n ' strong guard had been mounted, and preparaI tions for garrisoning the fortress were well ad! vanecd. About seven o'clock the tramp of detacliI <V,.1.1 flu. :irtilli>rv romments was Iieard. ..V... ...? * O and llie Washington Artillery, the German Artillery, the Lafayette Artillery, ami the Marion Arli'lery, making a total of two hundred ard twenty-live men, rank and file, under command of Col. Wilinot G. DeSaussiiro, were soon embarked on board the AVnv and Ucnerul Clinch, and steamed away down the harbor towards Sullivan's Island. Among those on board were Col. Charles Alston, Aid to the Governor, and Capr. Humphreys, of the Arsenal.? On reaching the island these two hist named gentlemen approached the gate, and the sentinel, in accordance, it is said, with orders, : snrreiidetcd on demand. The troops then quietly took possession, and the Palmetto nag was soon waving over the lime-honored lorti* ticutions. Three rockets (the signal agreed upon) were then sent tip, to notify the people in the city that the fort was in tire bauds of the State, and tl cn the newly-installed garriton betook themselves, as l est they might, to devising the ways and means of comfort and proteciioa. Thus fir had the affair progressed up to a late hour last night. ( The tiansfcr of the troops from Poll Moultrie to Port Sumter is regarded as an outrageous breach of faith. Por there was a distinct understanding with the General Government, upon the highest authority, that no such transfer would be made, no reinforcement of either of the forts attempted, and no transfer of arms or ammunition, helving jjupon these declarations. the authorities of South Carolina had not taken the torts when completely within their power. They have acted with good faith, and expected it in return. Major Anderson alleges that the movement was made without orders and upon his own responsibility, and that he was not aware ot such an understanding, lie is a gentleman, and we will nut impugn his word or his motives. Hut it is due to South Carolina and to good faith, that the act of this ofiicer he repudiated by the Government, and that the troops he removed forthwith from L'ort Sumter.? ('Jimrle? Ion Met curt/, Utitlt in>t. Commercial Rclalious o}'South Carolina?The Ordinance Passed At the secret session of tlio Convention Wednesday evening, the following Ordinance was passed and ratified : THE STATE Of SOUTH CAtlOl.t.VA. At a Convention of the people of the State I of South Caiolina, begun and liolden at C'ohiin! l>ia, on 1 he 17th day of December, in the year i of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and I sixtv, and thence continued In adjournment o Charleston, and 'here by divers adjournments to the 'JL:th day of December, in tin same year: AX OttHISANC'2 TO MAKE I'KOVISIOXAt- Alt It A NO KME NTS KOIt THE CONTINUANCE OK C'OMMKUUl , A I. FACILITIES IX SOUTH CAHOI.INA. ll-Trmtf*, it is due to our late confederate: in the political Union known as the Uuilct . States of America, as also to the citizens o . South Carolina engaged in commerce, that in abrupt or sudden change be made in the rati x of duties upon imports into this State; am whereas, it is not desired by this State to sec , lire any advantage in trade to her own port? above those of any of the slavi-hohling Statelier late confederates in the said Union; am whereas this Ordinance, for the consideration 1 indicated, is designed to lie provisional merely - Therefore, t IIV, the peo/tle of Soitlh Carolina, in Con i'('nliolir axsrnil'li'il, do a tela re nail ordain, on 'I i it is Jificlii/ '/frlii re J ami on/a i an/ : 1st. Tlia d all citizens of this State, who, at. the date i - the Ordinance of Secession, were holdingollic i" connected with the Customs under the Ocnei tuij ai vjiorcnimciii ui uie l micu oiaies, wiuiiq the limits of South Carolina, be, and they are hereby appointed to hold under the Government of this State, exclusive of any further connection whatever with the Federal Government of the United States, the same ofliceit they now fill, until otherwise directed, and to receive the same pay and emoluments for their services. 2d, That until this Convention, or the General Assembly, shall otherwise provide, the Governor shall appoint to all tficaftci'e* which may occur in such offices. 3d. That until otherwise provided Lv this Convention, or the General Aasscmbly, the Revenue, Collection and Navigation Laws of the United States, so far as they rnav be applicable, be, and they are hereby adopted, and made the laws of this State, saving that no duties shall be collected upon imports from the States forming the late Federal Union, known as the United States of America, nor upon the tonnatre of vessels owned in whole or in nart bv tho citizens of the said States, am] saving and excepting the Act of Congress, adopted the 3d day of March, 1857, entitled "An Act authorising the deposit of papers of foreign resscla with the Consuls of their respective nations," which said Act is hereby declared to be of no force within the limits of this State. 4th. That all vessels bnilt in South Carolina or elsewhere, and owned to the amount of one-third by a citizen or citizens of South Carolina or oF any of the slavehoiding Commonwealths of North i America, and commanded by a citizen thereoif i and no other, shall he registered as vessels of j South Carolina under the authority of thcCol; lector and Naval officer, oth. That all tho | official acts of the officers aforesaid, in which it i is usual and proper to set forth the authority under which they act, or the style of documents issued by them or any of thcin shall be. in the name of the State of South Carolina Oth. That all moneys hereafter collected by any of the officers aforesaid, shall, after deducting the sums necessary for the compensation of officers and other expenses, he paid into m the Treasury of the State of South Carolina, for the use of the said State, subject to the order of this Convention, or the General Assembly. 7th. That the Officers aforesaid shall retain in their hands all property oftke United j States in their possession, custody or control* | subject to the disposal of this State, who willj J account for the same upon a final settlement I with the Government of the United States. Done at Charleston the twenty-sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thon-% sand eight hundred and sixty. V D. P.JAMISON,President. ^ Attest: 15. F. Ahtucr, Clerk. . J Th? Secession Convention. The following are the names of the members of tho Convention which' dissolved' a U.viok, by t!ic Secession of South Carolina, onlhc 20th December J 860. EVERY MEMSEvr01"'X 11 K^^KN N,IIWAS DN" Beaty, T. Wli Lewis, A. F. Bethea, A. AV. Logan, R. C. Bel linger, C, St. 1'.' Lylcs, W. S. Bobo, S. McCfndv, Edward j Bonncau, I'. P. Molvvr, Il?iry Brabham, J. J. MeKee, John Brown, A. J I. McLcod, A. Brown, C. P. Magrath, A. G. Buchanan, J. Manigault, G. Burnet, A. \V. Manning, John L, Cain, \Y. Mau.'din, B. F, Calhoun, John A. Maxwell, John Caldwell, Joseph t Mayes, M. l\ Campbell, \Y. II. Mazyck, Alexander Cam, M. E. Means, John II. Carlisle. James II. Meimninger, C. G. Carroll, J. 1*. Middlctc^i, J. Izard Caughinan, II. J. Middleton, W. Caiitlicn, AY. C. Miles, \V. P. Charles, E. \V. Moore, Thos. W. Chesnut, Jas., jr. Moorman, R. Clieves, Langdon Noble, Edward Clarke, E. M. No well, J. L. Conner, II. AY. j (/Hear, J. S. <"? i, -.l l> 1 l( Km/us T. \,nro iuiUf u. Jkj, I " j uiiiiivw Curtis, Wiliiam Pr.Imcr, J. S. Dargan, J. A. Paiker.F.S. Dava-it, P.. J. l'crrin, Tlics. C. : Davis, 11: ('. Pope, J. D. J DeSaiissnrc, W. F. Porcltcr, F. J. i DuTrcville, R. Presley, J. G. 1 Dozier, A. W. Quattlcbaum, Paul i Duncan, Perry 12 Rainey, Samuel j Dunkin, 15. F. Recti, J. P. i Donnovant, A. Q. Illicit, R. B., sr. ; Duiinovant, R. G. M. Rhodes, George i Dupre, D. Richardson, F. D. j Easier, W. K. Richardson, J. P, j Ellis, W. J. Robinson, D. P. English, T. R. Bowell, W. B. I Evans, C. I). Rut ledge, B. II. j pair, Simeon Scott, E. B. j Finley, W. 1', Scabrook, E. M. i Eltul, J.)ani( I Scabrook*, G. W., sr. j Burster, A. M. . Sessions, B. F. Foster, B. B. Sbingler, J. M. , Brampton, J. IS. Shingler, W. P. jFurman, J. C. Simons, T. Y. ' Gadbcrrv, Jas. M. Simpson, R. B. | Gailiugton, II. W. Smiley, J. C. I Goigcr, J. (J. Smith, J.J. P. ;Gist, William II. Snowden, P. G. ! Glover, T. W. I Spain, A. C. | Goodwin, E. W. | Spratt, L. W. i Gourdin, It. X. Springs, A. B, ! Gourdin, T. L. Stokes, P. I Green, IE D. Sims, J.S. j Gregg, Maxjjy Thompson, 11. A. i Gregg, William Thompson, Thomas ; Grisham, W S Timnions, J M. Hammond, A. J. Tompkins, Jaiuca j IJanckcl, T. M. j Townseiid, John ; flarllce, W. W. Wagner, T. D. Harrison, .lames Wannaniaker, Jno. I lay ne, I. W. Ward law, D. L. j Henderson, E. R. Ward.'aw, B. II. 1 ?? fir W n i Honour, tj. ii* " , v. Hopkins, William Weir, Thomas, sr, limit*.'!', \\ iliiam W liitiicr, J. N, : llutson, W. 1\ Williams, J. 1\ I tiii'lis, J oli ii A. Wilson, I. I). Ingram, J. J. Wilson, J. II. - Jackson, S. Wilson, W. ]{. Jeffries, James Withers, T. J. ? * Jenkins, John Wooils, Kieliard 1! Jenkins, J. Ii. Young, JLIAiry C. t'j ]?. I\ Jamison, President. ' IEec<'|iUoi> of' Hie Secession . Macon, Ga.. December 22. A grand celebration took place here last night to celebrate your independence. A sat lute of one hundred guns were fired, and the l' town was lit up with bonfires. Seven hundred ' I Minute Men and upwards of three thousand citizens paraded. Tiie dwellings were generally illuminated. The secession feeling is now , universal in this part of Georgia. fy Pktrksih'kg, Va., December 22. i( Tin: l.oiie Star flag was raised here to-day amid the cxn'tant shouts of a tremendous c mnl'iti'.'le. Giva! excitement prevails. Yirgin; ia sends greeting to South Carolina. She will -ooi: be ! j he ' le.