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'. - ' ' ' - ' -.. :/ .ill " ' ' , I fl " . ' - t I fl THE CAMDEN WEEKLY JOURNAL j I ~ , " VOLUME XVIII. CAMDEN, SOUTH-C^gffllNA, TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 24,1857; NUMBER 8. ? MISCELLANEOUS. ?. , j . , . _ SPEECH OF HON. W. W. BOl'CE OF SOUTH CAROLtKA, In the HoCsbof Representatives, February 10 1857. ^he House being in the Committee of the Whole on the state of the Ui:ion, and having ? tinder consideration th6 bill (H. R. No. 556) lo reduce the duty 011 Imports, and for other purposes? Mr. BOYCE said: c^^'Chairman: * uPon 'he lariflT. The surplus now in the Treasury I & femoonU toover $19,000,000. and this in des-. p pile of extravagant appropriations made llrtClaat few years. The surplus on the JWtie, 1857, as estimated by tho Secre f .Wry of th?iTrt-a-ury, will he $43,-9^5, 710 62. ; ^Pbea# f*ct^ indicate radical defects in our ex fating tariff, and forshadcnv great disasters ! breleaa* tifceiy remedy is applied. They indi '*%iTe*tItat more motley has been taken from the people than the wants of the Government re-^UMr 4ka&.which unthing can be more unjust eap^sially when we consider the portion of our taxation, as fr-tiw.po ?tonsutt?ption, falls upon that I class of rujr people who" have but limited means I t/r bther Iliaft their labor, as that class I ^ constituteajjreat majority of our population, a I C1*4SS WHO. fiupu^uuuilt livtr \jy kuc niveau jut i t ; Weir brow, wfco-. are com pel led t<> practice a severe-economy, sod Necessitate.! to undergo v f But thefe fcre^ojber Objections to the-' surL* pJu? accunwgi jjHp? Their natural tendency wty into poLaj(|H^K?b?. .business relations of the country b^iffwfrh(Trawal from circulating of j^y' sucb vast sums of money, in specie, the ourrenU J re^u're^ V l^e Sub-Treasury law. The WW imminent danger from this source is o!>vi..u-, \ vben ire consider the peculiar nature of our \ currency, consisting as it does so largely of ^ \ paper credit *v and renting nti a very narrow \?J2C^' bwia. iln January, 1850, the total i u fatWadftfala I if 4 he banks in tbe United States, in circuiatioji, batik credits. >in(fl^Bs9R8r^tae>C" u,',' r' w"8 8i7l.0':t0 1 iSc>|MV{WH"c:1(1 iwr , <V ?" . ?. a* I iit> ;.^ : I.::p( .'I :" '"' I'iJil n-Sti!l liont h;;v , fug Jtmofr' ' ca a i:i v ia f ; pi . GOvfcnQMa^l; hIM'et a financial -eri>is an>^ ? nnii k estimate the fatal c?'f>se quince*. 'Bj^ycfetary of the Treasury, / Cms point; says, in his last report. "The Independent Treasury may exercise h fetal conln?l ow the currency^ the hanks, and 1^has " publicdvht, and no means of disbursing this large sum, and again giving it to the channels of comineice, the accumulated, sum itould have acted fatally on the banks and 'on trade" ?, The national debt is no*' so nearly extin guished that we cannot rely upon it further as a safetvvalve. think it unnecessary further to develop this point; business men will readily comprehend ill magnitude; nor is it necessary - * ?* a~ at ? 1*. 1. J..., B lor me.lftW more man wiuur iu tne inci, uiul 8 - f3,000,<)00 idle in the Treasury inB va?m *n annual I-.SS of >>3,000,000 ill l ie n interest; this being a bonus, 1 y we pay for the chance of pro? ' "||IM '. l"""1" '"" I * ^'^plfcider them. Theii natural effect is j enretftbt, tad! induce to the most extravagant the face, it would seem there would be but one opinion as to the necessity "'Of? reduction of the tariff- -Why, then, is it - ^iV*J2feA?bhef It has been for several years urir ? eatly recommended by the President vjfiile - United States and the Secretury-of the TreaOTTyi Underordinary circumstances, it would ' aefcin that nothing would be more popular than * to rtfdace the taxes, artd that the contest would beast*)* ho should have the merit of perfonnit^to aoreptable an office. If re were the legislator# of a Stale, we would proceed to this duty SffeEthe most sovereign alacrity; why, " tfeee^jfe* ' we, the legislators of the Union, act upon the subject? The reason is oWidMi?.r It is because of our indirect system jQjf taxation, and the protective featuies of our -* he hoped that the obstacles nf te>?? these causes wiJI 'not be insurmountable, ?od that we will not terminate our mis . sloo jwiegWatora w ithout having reduced taxation, io the face of a vast and increasing surplus ' ^ especially when we remember tliat if we neglect 'to act in the matter nothing can be done for ..Atkon eMr Hi)rims which lime the hit nmiihi nuuiuvt j ***** f ?j) ? ? lion* in the Treasury will be constantly and LgfJSj ragMly increasing. \ At Oh? time, Mr. Chairman, 1 was willing tcraecopt the present tariff as correct in prin ' <rest satisfied with a pro rota reduc03.. Bui gieafer reflection unon th- | subject has satisfied me that the exi.-.'>i:g tariff V g'uifl defective in detail and in principle < I willn&w. alldde to some of the defects iji the : fc '<present tin iff. There are too mar.y >crn*?ful^s W^^I.OtH^ffhridrt-d f'er can't., the fin t\ per.eenf., ^kpS^lhirty per cent., the twentv-fik'e per cent. BgW the twenty per cent., the fifteen per cent., the ~ ten patcont and the five per cent, schedules, besides the fiee list The effect of so many 'Icbedul* s to lead to unnecessary complexity | and expanse in the collection of the revenue. I mast not, however, be understood as being in favor-of a horizontal tariff, which all experience and the laws of political economy utterly reject [ .. Further, the articles brandies and cordials, [ embraced in schedules A, the one hundred*per | cent., schedule, are subject to t??o high a rate ! of duty. These duties are abdve the revenue standard; for there is no doubt but that, at a lower rate of duty, say thirl) or fifty per cent., \ ' they would yield-a larger* revenue, and there can be no excuse for having them above the revenue standard?that point at which they would produce the most revenue. The effect of these high duties is necesarily very much to cripple our trade with France, a result greatly to tie regretted, for there is im country with which it is more desirable to cultivate commercial relations than France, even upon the principles of the protectionists, for the exports from France do not come in competition with the products of this country; besides, there is a great sympathy of feeling between .the people of France and this country, which ought to he cherished, as we have much to gain, not merely commercially, but otherwise, by close relations with a people so remarkable"*as the French people are for great ideas and noble impulse. Another defect in the present tariff is, that the duties on articles of prime necessity, such as COUOII, ? OUieil, auu uuii iiiaihmikvwtb, niin sugar, are too high. These'artieles are indis I leasable to the great uvtss of oar people, and the great mass of our j?eople are the laboring classes. 7heduty upon the!>e articles range from twenty-fiv* to thirty per cent., producing $28 145,627 35 of revenue for the fiscal year 1850, being nearly one half of the total revenue of that >ear; the result of which is that a vast portion of the burden of taxation is thrown upon the laboring classes, whereas as little as possible should be thrown upon them. The effect of these high duties upon these articles of prime necessity, by enhancing their price, is the same as if we were to pass a law to reduce the wages of labor. To reduce these duties would be, on the othef hand, to increase til* wages of l?b<?r; for though they would nominally remain the siinie, they would buj more, and leav a larger surplus. F r the i??? tere-', then, of die laboring cluse*, I iiisi-t ihat those d.tires should be retlueed; and, if d<?n" it would o<?i l?e hiappropriate to entitle the bill. **A bill t<? reduce the duties on prime necessity, and lo increase wages"?a result, 1 apprehend, which would be entirely satiafacton le eve>y in man the Unit- d Shit-* who has to earn hi* hieail by the sweat ofhisbrow. Another defect in the present UrriflTis, that the revenue is derived from too high a rale of dntiefe. Wiiat I tiiean is evidrnt when I state, tiiat. f.-r the vear 1853 1(49,000,000, or six -eveitirp? ??f ihe entire revenue, was derived ft >ui-Uities ?if twenty-five percent, and up? .rds. Experience bus demonstrated, that it (Ktii the generality of articles twenty per cent, duties is the revenue standard that if you ad-v vance the duties beyond that point you more or less prophihit "importations mid diminish ?he revenue. It is not difficult, therefore, to understand how the collection of aix sevenths of the revenue at a rate of duty five per cent, above the revenue -taudard; must operate an?*t im??ri ttslv upon the exrhangps ??f the country l?y , iliniiiiislnnu i lie imp ot*. n??L by ,ppft>e-queiicrttlie ek|i??rls. fin ibe interest, i-ffttr, of the ex-"1 ch?iiiies..f the coin.try I -t on a reduction of our present iiii?li rater, of duties. In thus pointing out tin- d.-feets of the present tariff 1 would npi he Understood as depredating tlie stntemauship of i lie gentleman^ who was at the twa l of the Treason Department in 1846, and who it is understood had more influ ence III me f?i UII5 art man nujr uur else. 1 allude to Mr. K??l>eit J. Walker. .On ihe contrary, I think the country owes. him a great debt ingratitude for his services upon that occasion. His celeb'nted report, in 1846. is a masterly .exposition of our true revenue policy and it' the tariff"ol 1846, did not come up to the high standaid of lii? report, the fault, 1 am sure, was not in him, but in li e difficulties of his* position: ? 1 n<>\v -propose. Mr. Chairman, to consider the report fiom the majority of the Committee of Ways and Means on this subject. That report rests upon the idea that the protectee policy is a wise policy, and that the tariff should be nioditi-d in anb-ervjertce to that policy. 1 widj to examine that question; and if 1 destroy the foundation .upon which the report resj*, then the superstructure erected upon it must fall to the ground. To put the argument, in the mo-t strikifff and comtire 9 n lieusible liiiht, I will state il ill a simple and practical tot fit. Certain persons wisjiirtg t<j go iyto manufacturing, ask <?'?vernmerit to aid tliein in n business naturally unprofitable, by preventing the consumers of the country from buying foreign goods cheap, in older that those consumers may be compelled to buy their goods dear. These are the three'propositions necessarily involved in the demsmLfor protection. Let us examine them. ... As regard* the fir.-t propositi! n, Government is asked to ah! men in embarking in an unpro fitiblfc business. 1 think that I have stated this proposition corre- tlv. The proposed business j is either profitable or rt is unprofitalile. If it were profitable,' no application would be made to (tovernin^nt for aid. The very fact of the application to Government necessarily implies that ihe business is unprofitable. This is a logical conclusion of absolute certainty. A* X'.tiling, then, that tbe proposed business is unprofitable, wlrat course ought Government to tak> ? Is it not plain that, if it did anything, instead of aiding persons to go into an unpro fitable business, it should rather discourage them from it? For it must be obseVved that Government does not by ita action increase the capital of a country; it can only give a new direction to it. The capital of a country, fhen.'iemaining the same, I insist it is unwise for Government, as a mere question of political economy, to aid in turning anv Dortion of the capital of a country into an unprofitable channel; because, in the degree that the rates of profit upon the capital thus unprofitable directed is below the average rate of profits of the capital of the country generally, to fhat extent there is an absolute low to the productive energies of the country. Therefore, it is un wise in any country to turn capital into ?ny channel yielding a less rale of profit than the average of profits of the country. But such a policy us peculiarly with us, having, as we do, a new, vast, and undeveloped country, needing only the application of capital and en ergy to produce the grandest and most profits ble results. So much for this first proposition. As regards the second proposition, that the consumers should not be allowed to buy for ~~TT ? . *'.? eign goods cheap. - f ^m^ft not dwell, npon tbe injustice invfjlved'fy this proposition, though it strikes me as ;?ii direp?.?tt?ck upon tbe right of property andthe: right bflabor, to prohibit a man from b^yitsjfflrwHmg to the host advantage. To tbd. extent'ibat lie loses by your prohibition,rttf;UyiS exl^O1 you have confiscated the fruits of' bisihdiMlT. But, wisdom is there in ^ihiS; propjanf on ? It is true, we are often toU monopolists thai it is ruinous to buy cheap fjfteigr) goods. But I can hardly conceive of a more monstrous fallacy than this idea. Test it by evpry day's.experience ami common sense. Suppose, Mr. Chair man, you should go into a tailor's shop to buy a coat, and the tailor should say to you? 'You may have^ihi* .oga^or thirty dollars, it was made in tbAUltigfed1plates; but you may have that ^tl^^ajrijBlgBis just as good, for fifteen foreign inffoe*n?; ;would,- I ilViafine, take two of tlw^ihuBii'jS^r coats, father than one of the (bitty dollaKicoats. Everybody act* upon th^prtnd|^4^Hs the wisdom of evety day fife." Ifit U wWnn individuals to do this, why is it not'* feel n Iff e Country to do the same? To show the infinite absurdity of this idea, let us oppose that foreign countries, instead of selling us their goods cheap, should g Ve them to us. What would be the consequence ? Why, our utter ruin; for if it is injurious to buy cheap, of.course it would be utier ruin to get for nothing. Such is the logical conclusion to which this argument necessarily lends ?a conirtufcneriio ebsurd I shall not dwell longer N^*?t-;f(ji^ the, third. In order that these main fact Biff* nv?v succeed, they require you to aiefce tKe.ec Isomer* of the country purt ./WL.'mSH.. _ ?; i j cnluteTrmn (nam HI. h pnue eimniicrxi iu turter^etf duV^tf/on the foreign article. What justice Is tfae'rei in that? Why is It that one por linn t?rth*<,jie"pfc should be compelled to buy from another;portion, and a smaller portion, at a higher pVb-U 0?an thev could buy elsewhere? Why should flu fcgreat body of the American |**g8^d to pay in the enhanced price an indirect tax ?o t he manufacturers? Is there anv justice in it! In reading the annals of the middle ages, we are shocked when we are informed that the iierce barons of those times were wont to descend Irom their mountain fastnesses and levy contributions from the people of the valleys at the point of the sword.? We considered they u-ere barbarians. Now, what difference is there in principle, whether you levy tribute at the point of the sword or bv the legerdemain of legislation? ? Suppose a direct tax was levied on the great bildy of the American people to be paid over asAiimtilit the manufacturer: would the jMSftpls atanfifn? No, s^r; the very stones would rise In mutiny against its payment. What is .he; fhtterwif* jn^rinQijjie.wneuier yay -ao u ^A(TO^oP8tdin?ctlvT In out case you <!<t it S in the other with concealment, if yWaik what are the profits of the manufacturers, uie reply is, "lliey do not make more tft*tvdu* or seven per eent." After the honorable gentleman froin Rhode Island [Mr, Durfee] made his speech two weeks ajjp upon the sub jeet of free wool, i asked him what were the profits of the woolen manufacturers ? He said 'that the woolen manufacturer!) were losing money, hut that the cotton manufacterers said they were making six percent. What is the result, then? Why, the great mass of the people have been made poorer.to assist these men in making average profits. A? the indirect tribute levied from the consumers by the manufacturers, only raises their profits to the aver ' aye prnfiis of the country, it follows, then< that thia iii/tii-as.! trihllln It II tntul InCil tn thfl nrf) ...... ... r dnctive energies of the country, and the effect is'the same thing to the country an if, under a free trade p<dicy, this amount had been thrown ihto the sea. I have thus gone through with the three propositions involved in the demand for. protection; as they are all fallacies, it follows that the system resting upon them is also a fallacy. v And here I would ask, what is the amount of indirect taxes paid by the consumers of the country to the manufacturers, under this protective policy? It appears that, in the last fiscal year, there were enough of cotton and woolen goods, manufactures of iron, and sugar, produced in \his country to make the indirect tax upon them. nmoilot to 939,075,985?that is, the price of these articles was enhanced to that extent by the duty upon foreign articles of a similar kind. In other words, we paid S39,975,985. of indirect taxes to manufacturers during^ the' last fiscal year. J3nt I am disposed to be moderate, and I. will strike out the "nine," and call it, in round numbers, 930,000.000, though tfie Secretary ofthe Treasury, in 1846, estimated these indirect taxes at $50,000,000. I pu< it ?r?30,000,i)00. Iti 1832, it wax ostium ted ihnt the indirect, taxes paid up to that time to the manufacturers was $240,000,000. Supposing it to Hmountta 930,000,000 annually t'rum tliHt time to the present. the total aiiin up to the present time if. 91,000,000.000, in round number*; and that is the amount which the people of the United States have paid I manufacturers in indirect taxes. Well, thai is [ a vast mm! ? Mr.,MILLSON. As I understand the gen [ tletnan, he multiplies the domestic consumption by the foreign tax. " Mr. BOYGK. Certainly. Mr. MILLSON... I would suggest to the | gentletnatr, then, that upon bis principle the amount of indirect .taxation upon woolen inan[ ufactures, cotton manufacturers, andiron man ufactures, and atgtO* alone, would be upwards of i 960,000.000, . J Mr. B.OYCE.. I thank my friend frotn Vir| giniafor the sajwrestion which ho has made. It | I seems, therefore, according to the suggestion I I.f mn fiinnrl Frn it. Vipilintu ikal IllHVP llllder rated the indirect tAXHtion paid to the manufacturer*. I put it at only $30,000,000 annually Mr. STAN TON. Do I understand the gen tlemHii'i* principle to be, that the domestic produce is enhanced in price the amount of the duty ? MR. BOYCE. Precisely 60. Mr. STANTON. And that all fabrics of cotton manufacture are enhanced in price the amount of duty above what they would bear if there w-re no tariff, no matter whether any commodity of the same kind was importedrfr not? ' . MR. BOYCE. Home products, naturally cheaper than similar foreign products, are of course in nowise affected by customs duties; hut if the foreign product is cheaper than the home product it is enhanced in price to the extent of the duty. For instance, duties on raw cotton would not affect the price of cotton, but duties on cotton goods would do so. The imposition ofdutieson foreign products implies the belief that the foreign products is cheaper, 1 the fact of any such importations paying duties ! demonstrates the correctness of that belief, and involves the enhancement of price on rival I home products. I rest myself upon this aim ' pie idea, that there cannot be two prices of the 1 same commodity in the same market; and if it for | fy vrtjqM come n mticrrcheaper. It aeems I me that the matter is very simple. We ITT?MVI?. rt 1 wjiiiM qoIt iKo rrpn11 p. """ ' ~ - ^ -j ? ?- B nan from South Catsuit* how he would make out that proposition wben sugar was selling in the market at three 'cents'per pound, and the import dotjr at the same time was also three cents per pound? MR. BOYCE, The reason is very obvious. The duty of three per cent, under the circumstances stated by the gentleman, must have necessarily operated entirely to prohibit foreign'* sugar, for it is absolutely impossible it could be imported under a duty of three cents, and sold (or three ceents. If such a state of things existed pernianentlj' as the gontleman alludes.,, to, the cheap price of the domestic sugar would exclude the foreign sngar, ar.d the duty would, under such circumstances, llhve no effect what ever on the price. There can be no doubt of this proposition, that one article can have but one price in the same market at the same time. If that iR not 60, why do gentlemen who rep resent the manufacturing interest desire protection ? If these high duties upon foreign articles do not increase the price of similar at tides manufactured at home, why ask for high duties upon foreign articles? Why exclude importation I There can be no protection unless the price is increased. Sir, according to my idea the protective pniinv ?n fur ns the indirect taxes are concerned? to say nothing of the injury caused to the coun? try by the burden ? placed upon the exchanges, and of the paralysis which the productive energies of the country have received?has cost the cpuniry to the present time, $1,000,000,000. Well sir, that sum would do a great deal. The interest of it would bnild all the railroads in^ the United States which we could. desircfFom this time to the end of the World?the Pacific railroad included. It would support the Gov. eminent without taxation. It would'support four navfes as large as our present one; and what perhaps ii betler still,* it would give a dowry to every poor girl in the IJnitecl States, which would enable her, possibly, to get a good husband. It would carry telegraphic wires to every village in the United Slates. It would clear out every river and harbor in the United States; and it would build n good bouse for evciy poor man in the United States. I do not know where I would stop were I to enumerate all the good which the interest of $1.000,000,000 would do to the United States.? Yet, sir, this vast aarn has been sunk, hecanse we have been dominated over by this manufacturing interest. I Jr. Franklin used to say that there might possibly be such a thing as "paving too dear for the whistle." It aires seem to me, though I submit it with great diffidence, that we may be "paying too dear for the whistle" of protection. And here, let me ask, who has been benefited by the loss of that IM,000,000,000? In 1846, according to the report of the Secre tary of the Treasury, there were ten thousand capitalists engaged in manufactures, and four hundred thousand operatives. Well, sir, sup-pose that wo now double tlmt number.' Suppose that We place at twenty thousand the capitalists engaged in manufactures, and a:; etght Hundred thousand the operatives. First, what do the operatives receive for protection ? They do not gain more than average wages. I appeal to you, gentlemen, who represent manufacturing interests, do the operatives gain more than average wages? Hardly, I apprehend. The operatives are in nowise better off than they would have been without the protective policy, for they would.have made, the same average rate of wages in other employment. But there are twenty thousand capitalists benefitted by it; and to benefit these twentv thousand capital sts we liavq lost $1,000,000,000. Now, U.liate the most benevolent feelings in the world for these twenty thousand capitalists ; but it seems to rae that they tax us rather too high when they charge us $1,000,000,000. It would be better to peus'on these lords of the spindle at once; better give them each a fortune, and let them go, if we could thereby obtain the great privilege of having our industry and exchanges utitrammeled. So much on this point. (concluded next week ) ? ? Tm Ship Fides Wrecked.?The ship Fidc?, which has been reported off (his Bar [ for some time, with a cargo of Salt from [ Cagliari, in attempting to come in at the Ship Bar yesterday, in tow of the steamer Aid, was 'struck by a stvere squall of wind which stopped the progress of the tug boat and ship, both of them falling off immediately, and the ship fetching up on the South Breaker, where she soon made water with great rapid ty, and has since bilged. Both fessel and cargo yill be nearly a total loss. The Fides was bound to New York and putting into this port for repairs. The officers and crew reached this city yesterday afternoon in a pilot boat. Charlcafah Standard. MKMPniS and CuarlestoK" Railroad. ?MrArms, chief engineer and superintendent of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad says that the connection .on - that road will certainly be made by the mfddle of March or the first of April. This is much sooner than wns??titicipated by many, but Mr. Arms speukt with a full knowledge of the subject and knows what he says to be beyond all contingencies. Knoxvillc Rf(]ista\ j r j < Bank Bill Found. Just nineteen years ago, a gentleman then esiding at Clio, Marlboro' District, in this State < inclosed in a letter; a $20 bill, of the Merchant's Bank of this place, te one of its officer*. The etler was duly mailed at Clio Post Office. But lever reached its destination. Upon enquiry it the Post Office here, no such letter coilld be round, neither the way bill which ought to have tccompanied it. The letter and its contents, ;herefore, were given, up as lost. Recently, we removed our Office to the build* ng then occupied as the Post Office, and in sweeping nut on Wednesday last, the long lost letter, unopened, was swept into the street, picked up and delivered to the Bank Officer, to whom it was addressed. It was opened, and there lay the twenty dollar bill safe and sound. It was reenclosed in a new envelope,'with the ktler-in winch ifrbad lafa sw long concealed, and (orwarded to its owner, who resides at Bishopville, who no doubt had long ere this ceased to mourn its loss. nmeit'tju jenra ?g?f inert; was t% pn.prr uui-. rency called. "United States Bank.Bills," which had a wider reputation .tfcin 'flf iffiti^q-^ lions of less pretensions, jihdjwIR^to^obtaui one of these, that the Merokaiijs Bank BiH- was sent to one^of its officers. Ilad this bill been loaned at 7 per cent, it would 'hate yielded its owner 8*20, which anrj'ount he has lost. Though buried in rubbish t^is..twenty dollar bill has not been idle.. Its owner's loss has been the gain of others.'' The Bank has reaped the profits due to its owner. It has declared dividends upon it for all the tim& it has been lost. A marked exemplification of the proverb, "that srbat ever is one man's gain is another man's loss." Cherato Gazette. r f " Chkbaw and Coalfield Railroad.?We have tho pleasure of announcing to oor readers the fact, that the North Carolina Leg islature, at its recent session, chartered a company to construct a Railroad from Carbonton, in that Slate, to Ibe South Carolina line, in the direction of this place, to be called the "Che raw and Coalfields Railroad ."As an indication ot the importance attached to this link of internal improvement and of its popularity in that State, we will state the fact tbfct, in the Senate, com posed of-fifty Senators,~but ten voted against It, and in the House, composed of one hundred and twenty members, but tVPenty nine voted against. - t -f __-L ....i II. A (I)easure Ul SUUU liuuuuuuru pvpuiamj must have intrinsic meritofits own, upon which that popularity is based. We have not yet seen the charter, but are thfbrnied by one of its mort arduous supporters, that it is quite liberal in its provisions. By a clerical error, which the enemies of the bill bang their furlon hopes of its defeat upon, it provides thai 82.000,000;ofstocks ball ?>e subscribed before the company can be or?an?ze<f, ttisfeAd of?200,000asin the original bill. Upon the diSfeftVfery of this error, the most reliable judicial talent of the State was consulted, the result of which was, that it was not .of material disadvantage to the organization of the company. The leading features of the charter are these: It is to continue for ninety-nine years, and it is not to be taxqjl above that of all other roads in the State. Its track to be the South Carolina gauge, so that coal trains may pass to the seaboard without changing cars. , The people of North Carolina,-who are most !n eoAitrinrr on Yitltlof ftnfl ft uccjujt iiitvicaicu in ow^umu^i... wmv.w market for their vast and -valuable mineral wealth, have succeeded in obtaining a charter, and it is now" for them and others who are to be benefitted to take immediate steps to organize the company, and build the road. Nor can we dogbt for a moment that they will do so. And as Charleston; the Northeastern Road and the Cheraw and Darlington Road*are all deeply interested, as well'as the,people of North Carolina, in the early completion ofthe Cheraw and Coal Fields Road, *we trust prom (It action by all parties will at once be taken. We feel it to be our duty to devote our best energies to the work; and at an early dar we intend'to give a brief history "of the Coal Fields ?of more recent explorations?ofitsvahieio the commercial world, and of the easy access to their inexhaustible treasures by the proposed road. We shall urge the necessity of the road to the development of the unbounded natural resources of one: of the most fertile and pro* ductive regions of North Carolina. The charter has be6U granted, and we^Shy most emphatically that the road must be built; and that we do invoke#th? aid of every one interested to an early and united effort to build it. /TI n ni u iter aw ixazcuc. . - "WAlkino Papers/'-Out frionds at Wndosboro' N. C.. (says the Pee Dee Herald) during ?!ie last week held a meeting. ajjcl^ with satisfactory evidence before them, came to the coo elusion that a man nnnied Anderson, was a dangerous man to the community, that he was an abolitionist, that ho had been tampering with negroes, and that he had been expressing his' abolition sentiments rather too freely.? Upon these grounds, they passed a. resolution that he should leave the town within a given sp.sce of lime ; he did leave, and passed through this place on his way to: somewhere. That's the way to act. We cannot Be too vigilant, but should every mau act, a sentinel on our respective Watch Towers. Our. county is flooded with nigger sfiriekers, disguised in every shape and form, and the sooner wo are rid of them t^e.bettor. Keep the ball a moving. ' Vali r Or 8c;pcp ?Orange or lemon juice left upon a kttfft'jilr otter piece qftfon will, in a few days, pr'oduce"t:?X?itv so nearly reeem^^ ling that caused by b1b?fcto?. io d<*C?ive. thV most careful observer; and not many years ag? in Paris, a man was nearly convicted oftnurdffll owiiig to a knife being found in his possession stained with what was pronounced by se^ral witnesses to bo blond, but afterwards discovered to bo simply lime juice. ' \ ^ "* \ We learn that Gen. Win. Wallace, of Blount was elected, at the recent.meeting of the Board of Directors, President of tho Knoxville and Charleston Railroad Company, vice \V. G. Sw at), resigned.? Knorr'tlh Rc<fi#tcr. , * f . ? - t An AffectingScettc. * A Vyasfjington correspondent of the Mont- ?91 cotnery, (Ala.) Advertiser and State (faulty ' . flfl describes a truly touching scene that occurred 8H over the dead body of the lamented Brooks; KM Indescribably painful must have been the death - jBj of one so loved to the venerable and de'voted M Judge Butler. t No wonder that he wept like * r HK child, for within the wide range and circle of J Mr. Brooks' acquaintances none "knew but U**. - ^ love him, hone named him.but to praise." No one having even the common sensibilities of our nature, can. read what follows unmoved: About ten minutes after his death, the veoer- ' able old Senator, wbose locks are now whit* of feafc* with the frosts of age, came into the room, mid ' & upon seeing him cold in the embrace of death; ' t threw himself upon his bosom and weptas if.Itm heart would burst from its bounds.. Judge Buttier hrtd lavished the attention and flflection of J jfij many, years upon Mr. Brooks, and he seemed td be thC important object of bis solicitude and existence, and while thedaath swe$t still stood ? upon the brow of the immortal sleeper, the old man called to. the fleeting .spirit-in tones ofsor- s row, that moved the pitying hearts of those who ' _\ stood round to tears?uMy-boy, ray boy, mjr boy T' and such ascene of mourning mid sorrow, as was witnessed there, cannot be comprehended, much less repeated here. ' Bine, Rldgc Rail Road. '. We have been informed, from a reliable soared ?-4 that a good deal <Xexcitement prevails in Anderson and Pickens aistrict*, in relation to this Important enterprise, !^)d tbat active exertions are being made to raise the amount required by the State as the condition of its second subscription of $500,000. , Anderson, it is said; ^ ' will subscribe $12,000; Pendleton and its neighborhood $12,000; and Walhalla #20,0001?. . *. " v Clayton is also aroused to the necessity of doing somethiog, and will, we learn, subscribe $10,000; and most of the contractors Wiifad^ to the amount of stock taking by Uiera in menl for work. We have been permitted to make -tire following extract from a letter dated AndersdiT; the 8th of Februaryi . "Since we returned from Charleston; we hard ^ held rail road meetings, at Feodleton and WaU: halla. Our proposition to raise $70,000, in the < $ upper country, has met with the mosi^atitering reception. A considerable amoiint wast subscribed promptly at both places, and committees appointed to canvass the country for . ai<i. There is an appointment, for a masd nfeet> ' ing at Walhalla on Saturday neat, at, Which, _ -hi time we hope to rai*C the subscription at;that * ,A" place to $20,000. We feel certain that we shiil. he able to redeem- our pledge to the Board of Directors at an early day." ?. >r ? ' With these encouraging tidings in rel;*tioi;, . to the subscription, we also IqkWtbot aatitf^-; " prog res tory is m A i ng ?pr t he tu twieis: Tb^*worfe " ' is going on at both extremities in the nel, and the first shaft is ad nearly sunk to the. grade line that the heading has beSd Jddmmeac. ed in both directions, an<{ several gangs e?n bow. be worked at tl>e same time, and there Wtatqtf, *- "' . motive, certainly, under circumstances so. ea? * couraging, to persevere in this great wqrk; and if thin Road will do jfos Charleston what iu friends claim, we hope that.the-adiR peCoserJ, ' to be raised to secure the sopond Sute sub-j *, scription will not be withheld^,, .? . \ .1 ! Charleston Courut;Gen. Washington's Artlflcfal tceli A paragraph stating that Genf Washington " wore artificial teeth, hag-elicited the' following curiou9. statement." . That same set ot teeth changed not only the counienance i>ut tu^ enanwjier oi yvaspwigton, as the latter is generally understood.? Everybody has noticed the marked differehiei ^|H| between the''Stwt''and the *^runrtbtfl)wpor. traits. The latter is by far thd mpat'spirfTed, "l|n and martial looking face, yet 'for Somb reasoh' HEm or other i( has never been the pofiuUr fator- ggj ite. The peculiarity of the Stuart plctori, fa ID the unexpressive, grandmotherly rridittkf which one sees to this day in al! the engravings'. But VH this face was hot Washington's, btlt tfa? an \ jvB| exaggeration,'or distortion rather^ produced by his artificial teeth, which entirety Changed the expressioti df his copriter.aiKJe; giving, it'a oeV ?nin 1/irttr nf tti/tikrubtl hflni<rnitV* that la nftt 1 foiind in the Tranibuli likeness, pihfted, before ^ thb dentist hud earned his "five bundred-'dollarsj" by a job which, though very well in those days, would now be reckoned a bungling piece of workmanship * j'-"1 These facte, though I have not seen thenr irf any biography of Washington, are as well atf* tiicnticitted, as his patriotism, or coiutroni/ctt-gencralship. Tmmbull and Stuart were itticustomed to talk of the m/rtter' together; and * in the correspondence of the latter there* isTErf allusion to the artificial teeth and the strifcWg change they made in the appearance 'of the wearer. It may be owing to the fact that the American people like to contemplate the gentle qualities of Washington, rather tharr hi$ stern and heroio virtues, that they bafe always con -?'i J kJ.:4 > it siuerea me aenueiB porirjtu, n me iruo uur, though,- in troth, it is as falsa as ihe teeth which distort it, The fault was not Stuart's who painted hi'illustrious sitter as he (bund him} . but he haA the misfortune to attempt the beta's likeness "in spite of his teeth," and the result was such as might be expected. ' * - ^ i Tiik Greenville Gollboks.?The' F'utawiii University and the .Baptist Female College have opened this session under the most fluttering circumstances. We understand tlfc Institution .has a prospect of three hundred and fiftj'J The ' ^r^feseors, in both College have/ by their islenfa, attainments an J devotion to lhe|r. school ~ ricbljr itVeriUii the success which awaits them. ^ <? Mountaineer.. .}' . Pennsylvania are ?o hardup forhusbands4hat ' 1 they sometimes take up with ptblters and 'fow* ^ ! ' ' * ' ' Wm: : ? A