University of South Carolina Libraries
4 jp I * VOLTnrR XVL "^AMDEX, SOCTH-CAROTJyVrUESDAY MOILXING, FEBRUARY 6. gT NUM^o| ' t n/n-roTTTAM ai? PTTRA I liavo no merit: on the contrary, are frauniit upon by our coiats. The Supreme-Court of Cuba emerges independent from its bo^ow-H^H rUBUSHED WEEKLY BY ( THOMAS J. WARREN. * ?????? _ i Poftn;. ^T I WE ARE GROWING OLD. ( BY FRAKCES BHOWX. J We arb growing old?how the thought will riso I When a glance is backward cast On Borne long remembered*spot that lies la the silence of the past: i * It may be tlieshrine of our early vows, 1 Or the tomb of early tears; But it seems like a far off isle to us, ? In the stormy sea of years 1 - ' Oh 1.wide and wild are the wares chat part , Our steps from 1^a greenness now? And we miss the joy of many a heart, ^ And the light of many.a brow; For deep o'er many a stately bark * , - Have the whelming billows rolled, That steered with us frgm thap early mark? Oh! friends, we are growing old I Old in the dimness and the dust . Of otfr daily toils and cares, ' *. - Old in the wrecks of love and trust, "Which our burdened memory bears, Each form may wear the passing gaze ' The bloom of life's freshness yet, And beams may brighten our latter aays Which- the morning never met. ' But oh 1 the changes wo hitvo seen . -? * j In the fcr and wiuding way? . j The graves in our path that have grown green, ! And the locks that have grown gray I The winters still on our own may spare The sable or the gold; But we saw their snows upon brighter hair? And, friends, wo are growing old! "We have gaiu'd the world's cold wisdom now, We have learned to pause ar.d lear? But where are the liviug founts whose How Was a joy of heart to hear? Wo have won the wealth of many a clime, A njl the lore of many a page? But where is tho hope that saw in Time JJut its boundless heritage ? "Will it come again when the violet wakes, And the woods thfiir youth renew? "Wo have stood in the light of sunny brakes, Where the bloom was deep and blue; And our 6ouls might joy in the spring-time tiieu, ' But the joy was faint and cold? J For it ne'er could give us the youth again Of hearts that are growirg old. JtyririiUitral. Clearing and Impr oving Ii?ar>3ies. ? The last Transactions ol; the New shire State Agricultural Society contains sever al interesting statements I rout the cum pernors for premiums offered by the diligent County Societies for the improvement of b<>g meadows and marsh land generally. This is a matter of wide-spread interest*?there is much such 1 waste laud in most sections of the country.? llence. we make no excuse for repeatedly alJudirig to the subject?for bringing ail thegO'>d examples of clearing and improving tuaisbcs pronriinently before our readers. G. C. Brown, of Slralliatn, had a marsh or 1 nond hole, covered with bushes in part, and * ' filled with water in the spring season, which he ? reclaimed so as to make it the most profitable i three acres of his fanu. He first dug a ditch | through the centre, and lowered the outlet, i atjjl then cut oil* the hushes near the ground,! and by continued cutting and burning nearlj destroyed their roots and the mosses which j covered the surface, lie next t.ieii the plow, j and with a great deal of labor, on aceou.t of the logs and roots which filled the soil, tire up the most of it, and seeded a part down to grass in June 1840. /This was mowed the | September following, and-gave a ton of hay to the acre. The next season he mowed it'. twice and got in all about three tons to the acre. ' Last year he pi >wed and spaded t lie inar>h . over again, and has the whole seeded now to i grass, and in excellent condition. The soil is a clear peat, from two to ten feet deep, and in Mr.' Ii's opinion possesses a uutu 'j ral acid, needing some sort of manure ,t<? cor- " rect it. He has u-ed leached ashes, applying tbeih with excellent eft'ecl-at the rate of shout one hundred and twenty five bushels per acre. He has also used .barn-yard manure, 1 me and dry ashes, but prefers ashes on account of theircontaining no foul seeds, and being less hu.ky , .U J .. . ' [ : man yam manure. We are sorry the statement contains im ac count of the expense ot the improvement,? One year's crop was sold for SI00. The j marsh is still soft and miry in the lowest parts, j and evidently needs a deeper drain 60 th.tt it may settle sufficiently firm to bear up teams at 1 all seasons of the year. He now has to keep off cattle and use a wheelbarrow Id/ carrying the ashes upon the miry spots. The meadow ! is a beautiful spot, ?nd notwithstanding the expense put upon it, Mr. B. is well pleased with 1 his experiment. That the committee were ' /e.tjuall; so Is Bhown by their awarding him the first premium. * Another statement was made by J. God- 1 frey, of Hampton Falls. IJ is meadow contains one acre and five-eighths, and was a bog formed by springs on the hill side above it, without any outlet save by evaporation. The I muck was from two to six inches in depth, and i the surfaoe quite uneven, but without bushes, 1 pnd covered with brakes and water grass. He 1 drained it by an open ditch, cut and drew off Ka KaaoAolro onrl fit on nlnwurl if 11 n Itlfcft hf'Hfi After plowing, the water furrows were cleaned oat and the mod spread evenly over the beds, 1 and these were then covered with gravel at the ; rate of forty loads per acre. It was then sow ed with herds-grass and red top, and the seed harrowed in by hand with a brush harrow. It was not all done in a year, hot this was the course pursued with the whole meadow. i The yield iu this case vps about one. ton I and a^balf per acre for, the {fat crop iu July, I the second in September was nearly as good, I ^ but was pastured off by turning in calves. -No t manure was applied?and the' aroeliorationhas i videntlv been effected by tlie application or gravel and the admixture of sails. Here, loo, f 10 account is given of tlife exact cost of lha mprovement. Mr. Dodge, of Bennington, reclaimed a neadow of five acres in the same way?first Jraining then breaking up and covering with sand and gravei. Tuis cropjias been mostly 0 foul meadow grass, grown for seed. He has <aved from thirty to sixty bushels of seed per year, besides a large aidount of fodder. No c manure has ever been used, and the expert-i 1 '- " "'..l-. ' ! < Iiiwn tfiirv I 1 went, to use nts mvu ?.u.us, - j profitable." f Other statements are given, but none con- j luining any hiiits not already presented. These show that notwithstanding the lar^e cost ol ^ draining and clearing such bogs, all unite in pronouncing the enterprise a profitable one Cotton Seed. It can be no longer questioned that the cotton seed, in many parts of our country, is fast v degenerating, and we hear frequent complaints j from the planters on this subject. The plants, in many places, are not as vig. orous in growth nor in the quantity and quali- } tv as formerly We are assured that the sta[?le of the cotton is hcing seriously affected by * tins, degeneration of the cotton seed. Various ... 2 reasons a re .assigned. One thinks it is owing to the condition of the s'"i| or the'state of the weather; auothef thinksiit is owing to the de- j fective manner of culture:-u ! must change , my seefl," says a third ; and thus a variety of t conjectures "are' started. Tue reason of this degeneration is made to appear when wo eon" * " ? - f sider that, year utter year, our planters pitcn j their crops with seed taken promiscuously fiotu H the field. ' Id the very nature of tilings it must | dwindle and become dwarfish in the course of w time; and notwithstanding it depreciates under t their eves, they still pursue the same insane policy.* Upon the same principle your stork of horses, cattle or hogs would degenerate and j runout. We do not wonder, therefore, that | \our' cotton is seriously affected. You do j nothing, to improve ft, to give it vigor of growth or eon.'.iituiti.in. J There is no need to change your seed ; all <, that you have 10 do is to-nass^through your < fields and secret vour seed from these plants j that-exhibit ino'l vigor of grow th, and produce ( t':e greatest number of boll-. Plant tho'sfe to s themselves, and'1 hen cull again as before; or i else select a few to res, and plant it exclusively | wiil) the be^t seed, M-Iected as above,' anil in one or two* . ear's \on will have superior seed, if not h.'tti r than can he obtained anywhere cNe. If yen ere too negligent or !?zv to niaho n ee-.-nry improvements, no complaint^ b!l(!llhi-f;;!I fiOGI Vofir lips. fijnoas v.-i-y?, ahont wlii.-h sc? imn-li is ana,'"f.nd ;'rr r hidi ?u :i hi;: I: prices are piiTir, have he n brought up to this high slate of culture by this mean.-; -fn'ed above, and by piopef cro-ein:; 1;ent up for a series of years. Try the plan imilea:ed. and you. will find a vast improvement in the quality and quantity of your cotton.? Southern Oryan. Improvement ok Light Soils.?Very light soils are comparatively unproductive, in their natural stale from two causes ; tliev are delicient in the elements, of plants, and their mechanical texture is too loose to afford plants? especially in their early stages?a sufficiently firip hold. The firmer deficiency may he sup -?!-j i... ?i ? ,u? ity uiu ii|i|*iit'iui?Mi i?i me \n\mn%*j iu<? uures, but as such soils possess little or none ' of any substance wliirli can hold manure in ' combination, this remedy of itself is only teni j'orary. It lias been proved by practical ex- ' pcrinicnts, that clay po-.-es-es the power of re- . tabling manures?the aikalirs. as aininoiiia, 1 potasli and soda, readily combine with clay, ! and the ga-es. .which arc emitted by decom- 1 posing animal and.vegetable matters are ah- 1 sot bed by this -nb>iauce. The alumni contained in c av constitiics its adhesive power. 1 IfPnec, sis a means of permanently improving light soils, clay is a sub-taiice of great value. , It supplies a principle u liich prevents tlic waste of manures, and Imlds them in a situation to I benefit crops to the greatest practicable de- { giee, al the same time that it corrects the' 81 biecli/tideal defert of the soil bv imparting the " rpipiisift'adhi'sivencss and solidity. 1 ' Far mar and Planter. ' i -?> - C'ai.tfoant \ cxrrlm M\iiket.?The Sacra- C wi . i niHir.i> uni '* dial mo prescni iivaiiu/ | bio stork of I?et;f cattle in California is about 265.000 head, ami tliat 05,000 head have ar ( rived during tlu- year from illo States, making a total of 350,000 head."The. Union then adds: Assuming the |H?|?uIation of C'ljifornja to bo v 300,000 pt'isiiUs, ibis would give the" usually ; assumed rate of one head of beef stock to each individual or the bare sufficiency for the wants t of the country for twelce month'to come. It is true that statistics show that the natural c increase in particular sections is large. In Sail c Rernardina last year it was over and above ( sales. 21,000; in Santa Birb.ira 7,000 and in (! Monterey 3,000; but this rate of increase does , not apply to-tiie entire State, and must be j greatly diminished under an increased propor- t donate requirement for slaughter. t All things con.-idered there/are, the conclusion cannot well he avoided, that the price of (5uttle , must appreciate as the year advances. ] The experience of the present year has shown ^ that the business of driving cattle to Cali- \ fornia is attended with much risk. Large ] numbers annually die of disease on the plains.-; or me killed ofdriven off by the Indian-?, hut it | seems likely that for some years to come a ready | market will he obtained for such as can ,be < successfully driven over. We think it likely t <i.? <>.. i 1.?...u i.? tutu iiir v(iui?Miiiii mai nuv uaiuivi uuu ug overstocked but those who succeed in getting :i fair proportion of their droves across the plains and mountains will meet with full remuneration for"their outlay, risk and trouble. ? ' > Winter Plowing.?Ail stiff clays which are not naturally wet, that may be intended i For spring crops, should be plowed this month, to allow the frost to break down their texture ; ( but such lands should not be plowed when i they are in a wet condition, bnt when they are ! noder&tely moisU ^ ' ' 1 .} ft J.OJLJL V_/J_ ytio|)M<* of 3Ir, Boyce's Speech ou (he Annexation of Cuba, delivered in (lie House of Representatives, January 15, 1855. The House being in Committee of the Whole in tln^state of the Union ? Mr. Boyc? said : Mr. Chairman, I propose o make some observations on the annexation if Cuba. A feverish impatience seems to be seizing ipon our people for ten itorial expansion.? n some quiiititrs the cry is for Cnmuia. In ither quarters the cry is for the Sandwich 1siincls; some are wishing for another partition >f Mexico; others are looking to the regions vate'eed by the Amazon ; more are bent on i.? ?f Pntvi ?jilt various phases >f the manifest destiny idea. I'do not sympathize with tiiis idea. Our irue mission is lon'servatism, not eftpnnism. Why do we desire further extension ? Do ve need more territory? Oil the North we use our ourselves upon the- ve'rge of eternal mows; on the South we penetrate to the ieree heat- of the -equator ; on the East and West we pause only on the lieach of the two peat oceans of (lie world. The United States ire ten times as large us Great Britain, Ireland md France combined 5 three times as large is the whole of France, Great Britain, Ireland, Ai'strin, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, lolland, and Denmark; uenrly - equal to the ivliolo of Europe. Yet we crave more terriory ! Strange hallucination ! D<> we need any more population ? Our mutilation is now-nearly thirh millions and n creasing at the fearful velocity of a million i year. If we iiad the same density of popuation over our entire surface as in Masstifchuetts, we would number four hundred and .wenty millions; and if we increase for th? icxt century in the ratio wo have lor the last ixtv years, our population will he \vrthiu a ruction of five hundred millions! When We o<>k beyond the present and pierce the future, he increase of our population presents a great >roblem. When population shall be pressing ipon the means of subsistence, what will bo fiiim of the Republic ? What will be the fate >f liberty itself ? Instead of desiring more lopulatinn, we would be most fortunate if we ronld remain at what we are. A nation has iutlieietit population, when it is aide to protect tself from external violence. We have already lullv reached this point." A Republic, a I Vderftl Republic, in purlieu:tr, cannot exist without external presure. It s the fundamental idea-upon which the whole ' - ? - ? r lienry rests, lake 'away me pressure iroin vitlioiit, amJ a Confederacy necessarily goes 0 pieces. Tlie history of oar own country.is nslruclivit on this point. Before the war of SIC. while thojStnte w.e* hi droitd-*31' S >o\ver, sectiojialism was unknown. But after hat war had established our entire security run? external force, sectional ideas and seciniiul parties arose. The North and the South leonine two hostile camps, and the gulf of sep1 rat ion lias been gradually widening, as weadanced in our career of greatness and power. If we do not need any mere teiriiory or my extraordinary addition to oui population, hen upon what grounds can tlm acquisition of Julia lie urged ? Perhaps it may be urged on he ground that it is necessary to us- as a mili - - Vl.t I aij >i j iu pi wii'ut uui tuiiiiiivivv. m.\.v m aiiiiot admit this ; and, in considering this mint, I assume that it is the settled policy of mr Government not to permit Cuba to pass roni Spain into the hands of any 0/ the great European powers. We have nothing to fear rom Cuba. We have strong positions at Vey West and Tortug?9. which cm be made mpregnahle ; our naval power is infinitely superior to that of Spain ; and the idea of our oininoi'ce being in any danger from Cuba, is without the slightest foundation. It never has icon di tirbed in the infancy of onr power, ,vlint we to fear'now in'its maturity ? lint I go further: the acquisition .of Cuba would lie a source of infinite weakness.? l'he contests in Europe, between the groat mwers, demonstrate the fact that maritime rolonies to a nation of secondary naval force ire great -drawbacks. Where did England trike her great rivals, Franc* nn<i Holland ( ^<?t pi tlie heart of their -dominions, hut in heir extremities?iheir colonies. The war low going on between the allies and Russia, lemonstrates the fact, if Russia had isolated maritime possessions, the Allies would wound ter severely ; hut as it is, she has no such miucruble points; and in vain with frantic age they dash against her huge hulk. We are now in the position of Itu-sia, with ill her advantages.' We are compact and inMilnerable, defiant of the world in arms.? shall w? weaken our. position hy the acquifsiion of inoiitime colonies? Thai is .the quesion. Before we determine 011 the policy of nc|uiring maritime. colo ies, there is a prior piestion we sliould consider. Are we willing o build up such a Navy as will enable us to louteud with the great powers for the supremacy of the seas? If not, then, indeed, would t lie a short sighted policy to acquire such :olonies, which we would hold by the unccr aiu tenure of European tolerance. But it may be said it will extend our comI _.'.l ?!. U Ti.lL ..1.1 U T ?t... nerce, 1 uuuiu u. uui ummu^u 1 .u-c mc Wrth would reap-a golden harvest from Cuba, ret I cannot forego the objection:* I have to he annexation of Cuba on other grounds? besides, while I consider the advantage the STorth would derive from the admission of Cd >a, I cannot forget that the admission of Cilia might paralyze the slave "interest at the south engaged in raising sugar. When I am old that the annexation of Cuba will extend >ur commerce, I reply?first; This mere iioneyed motive is outweighed by other more mportant and more elevated considerations.? second, This advantage may be attained, to a mnsiderablq, extent, hy a course of policy ihort of annexation, by the modification of " * i>n/l * U/\cn /kf ju4 uvvh a/u4iu1jci liiai ,?:im Spain ?i?4 CuW. , ^ v .; . > . . Xbo whote frguinont for the"Annexation of Daba, in a national view; Juay. Jqe tumined up n the tour propositions,ihav.e considered: .1. More territory.- 2^Hdre'jwpulatiet?. '3. ,Miliary position. \ Comnie^ii ^Jjjhatlrst'three with disadvantages. The last has some merit, but is eitirely outweighed by other 'adverse consideration*.' I conclude, therefore, onVnationul grounds, that it is inexpedient to annex' Cuba. I projDsc t ow to consider the annexation of' Cuba nsa Southern measure. IIow could itbenefit toe South ? To answer this question understsiidiiurlv. I would refer to Tex a?. Ilow did llieindexation of Texas benefit the South? lor I aduit it did so greatly. The entire ndvr.ntagei fo the South from the annexation of Texas, tiav be comprehensively stated in two propositions. First, it furnished a .wilderness where,rip people of the South could go and iir/JrW^dieir conditions. Second, it furnished a stal*lc rpolitical community, reliable upon the slhy?ry issue. Would Cuba fulfil these icquiMj^? Clearly not, the first; because Cuba is an old settled country, settled before any partbf the United States, it is not only cirili2ed, but populous ; the population is variously .estimated from one iniKion two bundied to one million fivo hundred thousand, andi tint ouaii erea the size of Tennessee. * The n'ere statement of the case in this light is sufficient to show that emigrants would star.d a better chance to get cheap lands in Tennesseo,'thuu they would if they went to -Cuba1 h search of such lands. 'Would Cuba be a stable political community, r, in other words, competent to self-govenr. ?uent ? I doubt it. Self government involves two considerations?the race and the training, rriioi-o Ic r?nIV n ii? r;u-? in modern times who |havp shown the capability of self government; that Is the Anglo-Saxon race, the race to .vhich we belong, and with us it ie still,, in ionic degTee, and experiment. Hut whatever questiotijthere may be as to other races, there ;an be ao ijuestinn that the Spanish race .'at no .inie, and under no circumstances, have been ible to preserve ropublican institutions. The Spanish Creole race of Cuba are the worst material* with which to build up republican institutions. What has their political training been? The worst imaginable. They have always lived under the sternest despotism. For the last thirty years they have lived under j martial law. They have had no political.privi . leges, and are utterly ignorant of the machine'ryot free institutions. What eould-We ex-, j pect from suddenly investing such a people i with selfgovermnciit, but a disastrous failure? | It Cuba were annexed, as a slave State, but I proved incompetent to self-government, she i would not oitl v be no benefit to the Southrbut a great calamity. ? The next question is, wonld Cuba be or reliable slate dommunity? that is would slaveIy to likdy to continue there. To determine lhi$ question, we must consider the uaturc of ibe and institutions of Cuba. r 2 rr ,lnivu iiio population ac two million two hundred thousand, of these two Inmdred thousand are free negroes. This fact is woithy to be pondered on by Southern men. These free negroes are not such as ours are. Our free legroes are American free negroes dwarfed by being in contrast with the AngloSaxon race, There is a vast interval with us between lb; two races. The 4ree negroes of Cuba are Spanish free negroes, elevated relatively by Icing in contrast with an inferior race. There is 110 abrupt separation between the two races: they approximate and assimulate. The free negro race stand, in a great degree, upon an ejuality with the Creole masses?neither have my political privileges. This equal it)' is fostered by the Spanish Uovcrment. as a grout political idea to chock any tendencies of the Credes to revolution. In pursuance of this policy in some instances, the Ireo negroes have had special and exclusive vantages cf schools ; marriages between the two classes have he'ti encouraged ; and what is a still more strking fact .free negroes have been enrolled in the army, taught the use of arms, and instructed in military tactics, while the Creoles lave been regulaily excluded from the army. *roin these various consideration, I cannot hut regard the free negro element in Cuba is most dangerous and not auguring well for he institution of slavery. This same free nego race under the workings of Spanish and Kreich ideas upturned the entire social fabric if St. Domingo, Twenty thousand Spanish troops preserve . the peace of Cuba . 1.%* .ISfTui'Aiif / ii-niiitKhuiPPQ unH HOW , liii UIUJ^I liiitviuiib vn vuiMtftuMvvw, MM%, in the msenoe of a standing army, would the whitesi jif (-iiha be safe. The mxl element in the population of Cuba is (lio slaves there are four hundred thousand of then. . These slaves are not christianized, hurnaiizbd, or civilized as are oiirs ; A large pnrtjcnof them have hecn imported from africa and tie still half savage. They cannot"be reliedMn for loyalty and fidelity to anything ike tie same extent as our slaves. I would now briefly refer to som'c of the slaj^jrggulations of Cuba. Ity the laws of Cu>a every slave has the right-on complaint of ill usage, once every year, to hunt a purcha^ serf and his master is bound to permit him to beabsent fur a sufficient time for that purpose. Wlcn the slave finds a purchaser his master is oblg?d io sell him, and in case of disagreement between the master and purchaser, at a prifi^fo Be fixed by a certain public functionary. ^Not ??nly has the slave a right to change his master,'but he has the right to buy himself, anr not only the whole Aof himself, but any ?.... J .1 _ ? p ,u ??? ftu:..,i pan Of tlimseir, llie OIIC iuurm, UI uiic mini, or )iie half of himself; if he buy a one fourth of liimelf, then for three months in the year he is free to work for himself and do as "he plctsfcg. Evecy mother, before a.child is born, has the right, on paying twenty-five dollars, to hnva the child declared fre&. These facts''are full of meaning." ' Thoro is another consideration on this branch of the case to which I would nllu'de: the slaves | brought ihto Cuba since 1820.'- One' writer * ' * *-"*?"il?a ntiirlkop I have consuiiea puia uunu vuc I of'.these Africans, who are called Bo?al negroes, now in the Island, itt two thirds of the entire number of drives. Now, I wish to fisk whhfwoold bo the condition of this class, if Cuba \trere annexed, and thdy brought without ally ttioaificbtio^of their conditjon'-by. any su? prerrfe authority' intermediate between the , Spanjab power and our own, nrider the influence of thelaws of;our FederaI <#overnmetit! Thi? very question haft already b~efeft differed ' * ? ; tlio-Unitcd States, m the celebrated case ol-the | Amistnd, 15 Peters, 503, sustaining the deci^ ! sion 6f tiie Circuit Courts lipid that<f the.se negroes were unlawfully transported to pubft, in violation of the laws and treaties of Spain, arid the nYost solemn edicts and' declaration? oTtbat government. By those laws, and treaties and edicts, the African slay?Trade is utterly abolished ; the dealing in that trade is deemed a heinous ?rimtS and that negroes thereby jntiWnced into the dominion of Spain are declared to bb'free." If Cuba were directly annexed frorti Spain, without an intermediate state of separate independence in vhieh a n'? w fundamental law cotdJ be passed, jjreaCdiQV I c'ulties might arise on this point iron) we er-1 forts of the Abolitionists; The next itfiri In tlie.population is the white race." This is estimated at six hundred tlfou " ' sand, of which a small prbpbr'tToh.are Ktfrope'an Spaniards, the residue' are Creoles?about. equal; as a class, to'the people of Mexico. Now, can these people be relied upon to preserve, jSlavery ? The doiilitry being an* old settled | country, there' would be, as I have already ; said, no great tide of emigration from the | South ; the comparatively, few Southern men that would go there, would be.counterbalauced I by an equal and adverse "emigration From the i North. The' continuance of slavery would, therefore, depend on the Greoles of Cuba. I would consider this had security. Slavery is' never secure, where the masters are an inferior white tacc. Thefe is, top, a marked tendency in the Spanish Creole -race to emancipation. This is owing to soverul caases. 1st. The equality of the two races. They, usaimilaft? without dilficultv : there is noculfi between them." " 211. The tendency of the Spanish Democratic idea is' to ulti ai.sm ; they cairy liberty tu ! the efctremo of anarchy. . ! 3d.-Their inability to govern Bjemsclves produces bloody struggles, the leaders in whiclf! seek the'aid of the slaves. Hence it has result- i ecl/thrt the Spanish American colonies, who liave setup for themselves, though under Spain I they frere slave 'comnriuiiitios,' have all gone I into emancipation. Have we any right to e;:-1 pcet anything more from the Creoles of Cuba,' than the Creoles of Central America ? There are only three modes by which Cuba could be acquired, viz : 1. By Purchase; 2. By war; 8. By treaty with Cuha as an Independent Power. The- first method is impractible because | Spain will nut tell. - * By supposing this diffTculty overcome, the! prioe would he so etiormous?$150,000,000 or $200,000?that 1 would not.be willing to "give it. I look uj)on the advantages to the South as too precarious to give so much money, especially when f see llmC the necessary effect of SUCtl aH'PXpmilitTBC, won Id-be t<> fasten a high tariff upon us indefinitely. There is no practical measure with the scope of Government power Irom which the South would derive so'; vast a benefit as from the reduc tion of tliei tariff to the lowest revenue standard. I should be very unwilling to abandon this great practical measure of deliverance to the South, for the uncertain hazards of annexation." As to the second mode, war, I say nothing, of the shocking injustice of wresting from a feeble power, without provocation, hef most valuable possession. . I caunot forget that a largo portion-of the ; treasure expended would be wrung from the j hard earnings of the Southern people," and ! much of the blood shed would be the -best! blood of the South ; fur our system of taxa-1 turn is unequal; and una oeiug loouea upon us j a Sou I hern n>easure, the gallant young men of the South would volunteer with alacrity. But of all modes which could ho devised for the acquisition of Cuba, for .the benefit of the South war is the most fatal. For no one who has ' any knowledge of the Spanish character, its pride, obstinacy and revenge, can for a moment imagine that Spain would stop at any steps to blast the acquisition in ourhaixk- The policy of /Spain is obvious . sho would cling 1o Cuba with the tenpeity of a dying convulsion, and when she could hold on no longer, she would decree- universal emancipation. But, it may he said, we would reverse this state of [things, in our .territory <>f Cuba. But, just, Hi this juncture, the people of, Jlie North, who haVo the control of the Federal Government, wopldhy a unanimous voice, bid U3 stay-our hands ;' tliat-mm interveutton was tlieir iloctnuD ; mat, by the Spanish law, .there wer e no - slaves in Cuba. The resuit would ba, that the SoutJj, after all her sacrifices, would have acquired afree negro colony, the greatest curse imaginable. .. .. . . a Another oiotiva which makes me still.more determined sotto go to war with. Spain for. Cuba, hi that, we of thfe'.South aTe npon' the eve of a great struggle with a hostile majority of > the North, and we. will iveed all our resources,! not to make foreign eonquests. but to defend j thevery ground upon which we stands lam,! therefore, unwilling to weaken our resources, . or complicate our posit on, by an attack on' Cuba ; otliers, who heaT only the songs oT peace.in the future, may take a different course. As to the third mode, - treaty with Cuba. This implies that Cuba has thrown off the:' Spanish yoke, and established independence.' If it were desirable to acquire Cuba, this seems tome to he the only mode it could be done.beneficially to the South. By, this mode we would escape tne agitation 01 trio slavery quHfetion iu the territorial' condition of Cuba. 'Ilie question would be in a nut-shell-^annexatidn or no annexation ? ; . / '* It, may be supposed, from these considers-tions, that I favor filibustering, Not so. An ' impassable gulf intervenes between mo artdthis policy-?duty. I cannot interfere with thedomestic institutions of other people, for -f 1 wish-other people not to interfere with the domestic institutions of our people. On the other hand I cannot shut my eyes to the inev itable future. I gfee the world is in a transition.' state, and I feel the independence of Uofra is only a question of time. The final-decision of this great question of annexation belongs ap? ''propriately to the future. I say, take no step now iit that direction ;< wait and watch the course, of-events, and profit'by them. I do not wish'to shackle .thedtimfie action of the .... nAi.. -Tr-Ui ? -iii j'coontry. vmen ine jj|wro ruus rumm,.Auu| -v^V^-skSsH when the fruit i* ripe, then Jet Uda great Qaca^Mjf lion Ik1 decided under the light dC.all>the tur^H rounding circumstances. , ;j r? il may ue sniu, h.u|;jjusc a-<m maimer rfence jv seize. Cuba, what thenj There ore some-? things so.improbable they need-hardly be eonsidered, and this is one. After ilnglaw and ~Jfl France are done with Russia, they W'illtio^ltft jN in a mood to disturbs ybody^J*wch Je^s :will .JM they want to jur.on -the United'States^... RutvJ neither.England nor France wants Cuba,; in ,51 their hands it would be necessarily a free ne- j<2 gro co/ouy, and, therefore, worthless ; byjt if * cither of them shyuld^ant. it, Ibeir' mutual iB jealousy would prevent either -*from taking it. flj Ikit if. in violation of all posa^iility^they should dS make the. attempt, 1 sap at once, I would draw -9 the sword and drive.them into the sea. Again, ft may be said, suppose Spiuu.refbfee to atftis- J fy our claims against her, what then i M answer is direct. I would got nuogle up these M claims with the question vo"f. Cuba. I would- 3 urge our claim in the most respectful mannef. I If, after a reasonable ,tune, tltey.' Avero'-i^lll ] disregarded, I would propose ar"bjtratioiOp>^ ^j this failed, than, after.assuring..myself tbat-QB* J Cl.tmis W.crc Wtlll l^uiiuou^fli^u aiWI T'iF\ymfy 7* and final notice,,I wquld- send*..out a ^eo^-ojC' ]i steamers}, sejztr aorue SpanishJ abips, payth* j claims, and give a receipt in " | But it ma;; be said, suppose Spain should attempt jo Africanize Cuba, what then? * ] my part, I am clear that ofc. Government should, use every..possible rueans'to prevent, a this. I would stop at nothingjSnot even warr J d I am glad-to.be .ablo to/ow?^ jny opinions 1 upon this. sabjecV by the culnofity of Air. QaJ# 1 h-Min. As .fate as May, 1S48, b&jjajtlj In. speech, upon theproposed occupation of~&|^ ,. catan. - " ^ " So long, as Cuba remaiqB ip the .hapda of ^ Spain, a friendly fovter?a^Power of which we-have -np dread?it showl^. coatings to be, as it has been, the.^!icjfoF*th& Administijfc tion ever since I have beep Connected withtag. 4 Government^ to let Cuba remain"frbgrgfo -mJt \ I-assamc -wli&t bo says es an atrdltit * duce from it a corrokry,. ibat wo are not & buy Cuba or- go to wat for it; because, if.oyr } policy is for Cuba to remain ~with^p?Bvit 1 against.our policy to^ cb.inge.lhnt possession,. with or without the consent of Spain. . . This disposes of every mode of .acquilHio&g except by treaty with Cuba as an independent. Power. This is, from, its verj-nkture, a que^f. j tion for the future. When the contingency arises,,then* and not*tj!l then, we should,rear. der a definite judgment. ^ < . iW v?" A DUELIST COHVICTED Of MASSLAWMITKB *f > New. Orleans?We copy the following from? the New Orleans Delta of the 19th instant:*>x "An event of a very, novel kprd interesting, character occurred yea tor day in onr criinr&klt ' court. It was the conviction of a man: for. manslaughter for fighting a duel..This is- the first convicliou of the hind ever achieved in-thw State. The public sentiment.has for a longtime justified and sustained -the duello, u a mode of deciding personal quarrels.. Several attempts have been made to hold parties liable for participating either as principals or seconds-* in duels but hitherto they have invafibly failed. Some of these cases presented none of the modifying oircumstances of the fair and legiti-, mate duel- as recognised by the customary chivalry. 'We remember one case in which* the accused was defended by Mr. Soule, when it was proved that the duel was characterized by circumstances of great brutality the accused deliberately walking upr to his nnarmed on-* tngonist and firing into his bosom. Yet he was; acquitted. .Now,the duel participated, in .-by the party convicted yesterday was mirrked fay; nn unusual degree of chivalry and fair plsyff it was fought with knives the' parties vrepp1 equal- in physical power and when one objected' to tbe.knifc of the other the latter offered and actually did exchangeknives and with-thewciK. pon of his antagonist slew him. The surviving' party was indicted for manslaughter and, after a vigorufls jletence, was couvictecroyifjaiy iit> which there were severislCreoles.The conviction which reflects high credit upon the energy :aiuk. perseverance of Attorney General Morse- and> District Attorney 'Iappan, marks a new era in the sentiments and habits of-otrr people, iieifabpforth, in addition to the civil disqualification?, persons who undertake to settle their qmwayla by a resort to the duello will be exposed to prosecution and conviction in our conrts fttrA an offence which subject tnc party to ?ft Infamous punishment. - , U ?& -i . . -' North Card fax a Affairs.?^,the NortV Senate, oq Saturday, the bill lo' aid m Ufiif erection of a National Monument on Ipdepefif: dence Square, in Raleigh, to the signer* ofl$0 ' %. Declaration of independence, paaaedTU thiirq reading unanimously. vlt Was a great occ<u " sion for display <rt elequencey and it is stately thnfpntrbUisnj was tin' to 105 degrees, " f 'I he liilKiVjr the extension c? thp^North Oafolinage iftral Railroad Was taheniip in the F louse . in that State on Saturday, and the capital stock taken increased to sixteen KiHdirWf lhonsand dollars. "Tho'biil- whs fiSrtF&r amended in aginV unimportbr.t particulars. ' "V - " * Th?fl?rep Suffrage' iftil, Which^a jostpas*. ed "fire Senate of North Carolina, Amends ttie v Ccnsiitmian ?/ iho State fa thatCVCry^rtU vcjii'to' man of age of twenty hoc yfagfr&ingfa native or naturalized cituetf cf- Ct^United CI.-.? fi. 14 'mn'nllia -iinciMi OlfilCSj lUT iiivuyiiv '"'i?~rTirii"w u? the day of any erection, wav paid*-' public taxes, -shall be entitled to vot^ for a ' member of the Senate for tbedlstttCCIn which*" he resides, " Wa.oo . ' - . _ ??, The leading journala declare most positively- ' that a wperate' tTwtj^aa *eecD conclude^ b* tv.'een J.ranee tind Mm^A&t&ho ratification ?**?**,. mvmOKl will U u maJj public. ruYic'c bv It to A iiRfrl.i the rh'flintehHQaeciVii^e^tV $h ltiilaii andjho stilus quo r,ct only'tqr Ihoi^Co^rla^ posessionSj got in reference to all other Ital- , ian States and rsigning dynasties Naples! n-^ eluding. It is only in this way that Austria wjw brought to aura the trcatv of December 2. r .Bird^ are^b? paor ;