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became vacant on the third of March, 1861, and your election will be for the unexp'red term of that vacancy, which will be till third of March, 1867. Th? subject of finance is one of great embarassmcnt and serious diffi? culty at this time in South Carolina, and will require great wisdom and sagacity in your legislation. The people are in a most destitute condition, without money, and without the means of paying their taxes. Their gold and silver were exported during the war ns a species of commerce. The State banks are all broken, and their bills have ceased to circulate. The Confederate money, with which the country was inundated, is utterly worthless. The Federal currency is inaccessible to our people. Their cot? ton has been destroyed, and their provisions consumed by the armies, and they have nothing to procure money with. Under these circumstances, it would be well for you to consider whether or not it is possible to defray the necessary expenses of the State by issuing and selling State bonds, so as to avoid levying any tax during the ensuing year. The present indebt? edness of the State is not large, and her credit ought to be such as to se? cure the sale of her bonds at fair prices. If you conclude to raise money in this way, you ought to include the payment of the direct tax, and which South Carolina now owes the United States, and which her citizens will soon be called upon to pay. It is important that the courts of justice in this State should be once more fully opened, civil law restored and properly administered. This cannot bc done till you fill the several vacancies on the bench. You will have to elect a Chief Justice of the State, two law Judges and one Chan? cellor. Opening our courts, and thc administration of civil justice once more, would have a most salutary influence on society, and do more than anything else to preserve the peace and quiet of the State. We have been living without law long enough, and have suffered enough from lawless violence. The Act to prevent the collection of debts, known as the stay law, was wholly unnecessary at the time it was passed, but is now a matter of prime necessity to the community. This Act should be continued, with permis? sion, however, to collect the interest on debts dire. There are many widows and minor children whose sole subsistence depends on the pay? ment of interest due them on their estates. The re-organization of the militia is a measure of the highest importance, under existing eircunistances. I have received information from the Secre? tary of State at Washington, that as soon as our State Government is or? ganized, all the Federal troops would be withdrawn from South Carolina. We must then rely on the militia for the protection of the State against insurrection and domestic violence. It is a matter of serious consideration, however, whether we should not desire to retain, for the present, a portion of the Federal troops in the State. The freedmen and colored people look to these troops as their friends and protectors, and would be much less likely to have any collission with them than with the militia. The colored garrisons, which were at one time stationed throughout the country, have done infinite mischief, by inducing the negroes to believe that all the lands of their former owners were to be divided ont amongst them. This has made them discontented and unwilling to make contracts for the ensiling year. In many portions of the State, there are serious apprehensions of disturbance at the beginning of the next year. Strong garrisons ought to be continued in Charleston, Beaufort and Georgetown, where there is such a preponderance of the negro population. But these garrisons shoidd not be permitted to exercise any civil jurisdiction, and should be subordinate to civil law. Otherwise, their presence would be productive of more mis? chief than good. You will take such action hi this matter as in your judg? ment shall seem best for the State. ( The education of our young men and boys, during the past five years, ">^ias been sadly neglected. Your College, which has been the pride of the State for more than half a century, is closed, and should be at once re? opened. The buildings are all standing and uninjured. The Professors are ready to resume their labors, and the young men are anxious to com? mence their College course of studies. I hope you will make the necessary appropriations for sustaining the institution. But it may be well, under existing circumstances, to consider the propriety of converting the College into a University, and making it, in part, a self-sustaining institution. Give the Professors moderate salaries, and let them depend for further compensation on the tuition fund. In a University, the student may pursue such a course of studies as will most contribute to the particular profession or business which he expects to follow hi after life. In a College, he is required to spend four years in a regular course of studies, many of which will be of no service to him hi after fife, and for which he has no taste or talent. In consequence of the impoverished condition of the country, there are very few young men, now, able to defray their expenses for four years in College. Haring been so long in the army, and their education neglected, they are not prepared to enter College. More? over, being advanced in manhood, they cannot afford to go through a College course of studies before commencing the active pursuits of life. The University system of education will meet all these objections. It would bring to your institution of learning three times as many students as you could collect in a College, and in this way thc salaries of the Pro? fessors might be paid out of the tuition fund. The State Military Schools, in Columbia and Charleston, have likewise been suspended, and the buildings of the former were all destroyed by tire during the occupancy of the town by General Sherman. It is for you tc determine what course you will pursue in regard to these schools. IE them have been educated many of your most valuable and eminently practical men. Very few have graduated at *!><> Citadel who have no1 been successful in after life. The Congress of the United States passed an Act, during the war, au fchorizing the Freedmen's Bureau to take possession of all lands whicl were voluntarily abandoned by their owners for the purpose of going inte the anny, or aiding the rebellion. Under a most unwarrantable construe tion of this Act, a large portion of the lands of the lower country, when the planters were driven off by the Federal troops, or forced to leave bj imperative orders of the de facto Governments, State and Confederate, hav been seized and appropriated, as abandoned lands. In many instances thc homes of widows and minors, and old men, incapable of serving in th< army, and never aiding, in any way, the rebellion, have been taken posses sion of, and kept for the use of the negroes, whilst the proprietors wer? starving wanderers and refugees throughout the State. But with tha sense of justice and kindness which has characterized everv act of hi administration, the President has ordered these lands to be restored tt tho proprietors on their taking the oath of allegiance to the United States or receiving a special pardon where they fail within the excepted classes under the Amnesty Proclamation. The Convention ordered the Provisional Governor to appoint a suitable agent to represent the State at Washing? ton, in regard to these lands, and ? cher matters. I immediately appointed the Hon. William Henry Trescott, a gentleman well known to you for his high character, talents and diplomatic experience. Eis report will be communicated to you as soon as it is received As soon as the Convention adjourned, I communicated to the President and Secretan.- of State copies of the new Constitution of South Carolina. I have the pleasure of informing you that President Johnson lias expressed to me his gratification at the amendments made in our Constitution, and his confident hope that we should soon be, once more. " a united, happy and prosperous people, forgetting the past, and looking only to the future welfare of our common country." There is one matter of embarrassment in your legislation, under the new Constitution, which I think it my duty to bring to your notice. Tho Constitutional Governor will not. and can not be inaugurated, till the first week of your regular session. And yet the Constitution requires all Acts I tn be presented to the Governor for his signature. If he does not approve j them, he must return them with his objections ; and then, to become a law, they must be passed by a majority of the whole representation of both Houses. Although the State Convention acknowledged the authority and existence of the ProA-isional Governor by several of their ordinances, yet they omitted to authorize him to act as Governor till thc inauguration of the Governor elect. AU your Acts should, there fore, be passed 1 >y a majority of tlie whole representation if both. Houses, unless you are disposed to recognize the Provisional Governor as Governor of the State. But even I with this recognition, I think it would be safe to see that your Acts are passed by the constitutional majority required, in the absence of the approval of the Governor. This will place beyond controversy any Act? i which you may see proper to pass at your extra session, in the absence of your newly elected Constitutional Governor. ' The State Works, at Greenville, for the purpose of manufacturing-arms and munitions of war, have not been in operation since the surrender of General Johnson. They were unprofitable, and it is not likely that you will be disposed to continue them. I understand that the buildings and machinery are well adapted for a cotton factory, and that there is a com? pany of gentlemen from different parts of the State who propose to pur? chase them for that purpose. I would recommend sale of the entire prop? erty, with all the machinery app< rtaining to the same. It would be well to dispose of the Columbia canal for the same pmpose. The State Road, over the Saluda Mountains, is in a most dilapidated con? dition. The former lessee of the read was released from his contract by the Legislature last session, anti the Commissioners of Roads for Green? ville District were authorized to h L it out, for the present year, to the lowest bidder, for keeping it in repair. This was not done. No toll has been collected over the road, or work done on it, for two or three years past. It should be leased or sold. The State House requires your immediate attention. Something should be done to preserve the biiilding, in its present unfinished state, from ruin and destruction. If the State is not able to proceed with the work and complete it, you shendd provide for having a temporary roof throwi: over the budding, so as to preserve it and make it useful. If covered, il might be used for your sessions, and the accommodation of the public j officers. The Bank of the State, like all similar institutions, is in a most enibar rassed and crippled condition by the loss of its advancements to the lat* Confederate States. I have no t had the pleasure of seeing the report o: the President. This document will be submitted to you in proper time and then you will be able to take such action in reference to the bank a: its condition requires. Whatever may be the state of our finances, I an sure South Carolina will never sully her honor by any act of repudiation. If we have lost everything else, let us. on that account, be more carefid o: maintaining the honor of the State. The aclmirable codification of the Statute Laws of the State, by tin lamented Petigru, has not yet been ad pted by the Legislature. I woulc recommend its adoption, and the appointment of an editor to supervise it? publication, and make the necessary verbal alterations, to adapt it to tin present condition of South Carolina. It is a work greatly needed by tin profession and the people at large, and will be an enduring monument t( the fame of one of South Carohna's most highly gifted and beloved sons I have received several official communications from the Northern States with public documents, asking a renewal of the exchange of such books which I hope will be acceeded to by the Legislature. I have idso receive< from the Department of the Interior, at Washington, sixty-seven copies o the Acts of Congress, passed since 18G0, for official distribution. I have received communications from the Postmaster-General, statin j that the mails would be carried over all the railroads in South Carolina, a: soon as the Department was assured of their responsibility ; and that hi would receive reasonable offers for carrying the mails from the railroads t< all the county seats or court houses till the first of January, when penna neut contracts would be made. There has been some difficulty in regare to the appointment of postmasters in South Carolina. I have informet the Postmaster-General that it would be impossible to till his appointment if he exacted the whole oath sent, till another generation had risen np ii this State. I have received a communication from the Secretary <d' State, enclosinj information forwarded by our Consuls abroad, in reference to the sprea< of cholera, and requesting that the State would rigidly enforce her qnai antine laws I gave these papers to the Mayor of the city of Charleston You will take such action as in your judgment may be necessary to preven our State being visited by this terrible scourge. In conclusion, I would urge you, gentlemen, to look only to the futur in your legislation, and forget, so far st? yen can, thc p? ;t. There is niue! to hope for and live for, yet, in South Carolina. We should congratul?t ourselves and the country that civil war has ceased, and peace is restore to the land. No longer are our citizens to be forced from their homo and families and offered a bloody sacrifice on the field of battle. N longer is our beloved Siute to be ravaged and desolated, and our town and villages committed to the flames. A merciful Providence has one more blessed our land with an abundant crop, and no longer have we an apprehensions of want and starvation. We are in tho enjoyment of heult! Our young men, noble and gallant soldiers, are peaceably resuming thei former vocations, and exerting themselves in restoring the State to ht wonted prosperity and happiness. No civil broils or deadly feuds are di gracing our people as in other States. We have no political dnisiou! South Carolina presented a unit .after her act of secession, and she : now united as one man in returning to the Union ; and will be as true an loyal to her plighted faith as any State north of Mason's and Dixon line. In this respect, there is no difference between former soevssionis and old Union men. They all have equally, at heart, the peace, bono glory and prosperity of the American Re?)?1 lie. And I earnest!pre that*all your legislation ami deliberations may temi to this great purpos under the guidance an<! protection of Almightv Cod. B. F PERRY. NEW YORK MEP.CHTNTS ANJ PRESI? DENT JOHNSON.-Tho success of Mr. Johnson's re-organization pohcy is of more than ordinary importance to the merchants ond business men of this, tho commercial metropolis of the nation. It will revire the agricul? tural interests of the South and open a new fiei<l of enterprise, furnishing great inducements both to capitalists and emigration: thus bringing about a prosperity of the Southern States beyond anything ever yet known in that section. This will come back with a reward of a hundred and a thousand Md lo tue commercial and mercantile interests of this city. On the other -md, should the programme of the radicals be successful, and the restoration of the Southern States delayed until they can insert as its basis negro suffrage, repudiation and financial disaster are sure to follow. Anarchy will be the order of the day in the South, accompanied by a se? vere contest between the two races. This will re-act upon the commercial interests of the country, and delay the return of that permanent prospe? rity which is only to bc found under the reign of peace. The national debt will bo largely augmented-dis? trust, disaster and ruin the sure re? sult. In view of these facts, is it not the duty ol oar merchants to lend their aid to strengthen the hands of the Administration, and counteract the influen e of the opponents of the President at the polls and elsewhere? [JY'.'T York Herald. Tile carpenters and some other mechanics are holding meetings in New York city, to bring about a reduction of the hours of labor from ten hours to eight hours a day. The mechanics say they could do as much work i the shorter period as they do now. Reductions in the prices of labor of many kinds have taken place within a few months past, and the men have usually -incepted the di? minished rates. Demands for in? creased wages, nearly reaching the highest prices that were paid last year, have recently been made, how? ever, by the (men of some of the trades. A rise was this week con? ceded in ship-ioiners' wages, and tho sums most of the employers have agreed to pay are four dollars a day for "old" work, and four dollars and a cmarter a day for new work. Ship joiners have always received larger compensation, comparatively, than other mechanics. Journeymen shoe? makers have demanded an increase of twenty-five per cent, in their wages, and the employers who met to con? sider the demand, resolved that it was exorbitant, but that an increase of fifteen per cent, would be fair. ' The shoemakers have not decided to ac? cept the offer. MICE MULLS.-Au ingenious Scotce - man has found ont a method of utiliz? ing the hitherto wasted powers of the common house mouse. He has in? vented a cotton spinning machine, so constructed that a couple of mice, if tossed into the right place, cannot help working it. It is inado on the treadmill plan. A half-penny worth of oat meal will keep each mouse five weeks, and during that time it will do the work for which a woman is now paid ninepence. Tn other words, it will earn seven shillings and sixpence a year, which, after deducting six? pence for board and a shilling for wear and tear of machinery, leaves a net profit of six shillings to the em? ployer. The inventor, ii is said, is putting up ten thousand of these mice mills, with the view of getting his living out of them. An ?xtraordinary match of carrier pigeons has recently taken place at Brussels. Not less than 53S of these winged messengers, which had boen sent to Toulouse for the purpose, were released there one morning to contend for the prizes, amounting in number to eighty-two. The first pigeon ar? rived in Brussels in fourteen hours. The distance is 300 leagues, and it must have flown at thc speed o? twenty-two leagues an hour. Rrsii OF IMMIGRATION. - Emi? grants from the Easiern States are pouring into Missouri, apparently, without Limit. Not only is St. Louis receiving large accessions, but all the towns along the Missouri River. On the 9th, no fower than thirty large covered wagons entered that city and passed Westward. The population of Paris is rapidly overtaking that of London, and has increased more rapidly. It is now ove r 1,700,000, whereas London must still be under 3,000,0<K). Formerly, thc difference between the capitals was much larger. The stand.ag army will probably number I'M ?.OOO men*